DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Bachelor in Agricultural Technology

Malacabac, San Isidro Davao Oriental

AG BIO 25-METHOD IN PLANT AND ANIMAL BREEDING

NAME: April Rose Romero                                                             YR,/COURSE: BAT- IV

              Chazzy Suzanne Garcia
Rose Marie Pleños

CORN POLLINATION AND BREEDING

INTRODUCTION:

  Pollination is an essential part of crop progress in cornfields. Typically,

pollination occurs over a 10-day period, so when it comes to healthy crop development,
every moment counts. Perhaps one of the most important factors in fertilization are corn
silks, which pollinate corn kernels. Corn plants have both male and female flowers on
each plant. Unlike most plants with both male and female flowers though, the two
reproductive structures are in different locations on the plant. The tassel is the male
flower and the ear is the female flower of the plant. The laboratory started on October
19,2018 up until January 7,2019.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Jackie Rhoades

    “How wonder it would be to reap a bounty of corn if all we need to do was drop the
seed in their little hole and watch them grow”.
    “Before you learn about hand pollinating corn, it helps to know a little about the plant
itself”.

DEFINITION OF TERMS:

    Pollination –Is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a
plant, enabling later fertilization and the production of seeds, most often by an animals or
by winds.
    Breeding –Is a sexual reproduction that produces offspring, usually animals or plant.
    Cross pollination –Is when one plant pollinates a plant of another variety.
    Self-pollination –The pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from
another flower on the same plant.
    Emasculation –The removal of the anthers of a flower in order to prevent self-
pollination or undesirable pollination of neighboring plants.
    Thinning –Removal of some plants, or parts of pants, to make room for the growth of
others.
    Anther –The pollen bearing portion of the syamen.
    Glume –The outer husk or bracts of each spikelet in grasses.
    Organic fertilizer –Are materials derived from plant and animals parts or residue.
    Synthetic fertilizer –Are manmade inorganic compound – usually derived by-
products of the petroleum industry.

METHODOLOGY:    

The experimental data starting on the days of sowing until from the time of
harvesting, after 3 days sowing the seed emerged from the seed coat and after 3 weeks
we decided to apply synthetic (complete fertilizer) every end of 2 weeks to improve the
growing habit of corn. Watered every morning and afternoon during seedling days, so
that the fertilizer that we’ve been applying was neutralized, were going to cultivate soil so
that the roots will be aerated, and faster absorbing of water.  Tasseling starting on
December 6, and the following days silk emerge on December 17 were going to wrap
and cover a plastic cellophane every silks emerges to prevent contamination of crossed
and self-corn pollination, during crossed pollination of Yellow corn  we cut down the
tassel of white corn and put it into the silk of yellow corn and then wrap it! The same with
white corn to yellow corn pollination.

Desirable Characteristics of  Y ( Yellow Dent corn )

 
1. Color is deep yellow, with a lighter cap, but a reddish tinge often appears
2. Ears are 9 to 10 in. long and 7-8 in. around with plants growing to 10-14 feet
tall
3. The cobs tend to be small and dark red
4. Bigger ears on the stalk can weight up to 1.8 pounds! Ear tapers slightly, with
16 to 22
closely spaced rows
5. Kernels are very deep and narrow to medium in width, slightly keystone in
shape, with a square crown.
 
Desirable Characteristics of  W ( White Dent corn )
 
1. The ears are large, averaging about 9 inches but can reach one foot, with 12
to 18 rows of kernel
2. High percentage of sugar
3. It routinely produces up to 1 pound of dry kernels per plant
4. Kernels are white
5. Cream-colored ears
 
  

Crosses Date Results/Remarks Crosses Date Results/

Emascn/Pol Emascn/Poll Remarks
ln n
Self Y 12-22-18 Yellow Self W 12-22-18 White
YXW 12-19-18 WXY 12-19-18
FS Y X Y FS WX W
YXY WXW
HS Y Y Y HS W W
XY W
XW
Control
                                                                                                                        

RESULTS:

A. Date sown Y- October 19 W- October 19

B. 50% Days to Tasseling Date: Y- December 10 W- December 13 No. Days: Y- 52

days W- 55 days

C. Agronomic traits and parameters of selected corn.

Corn Average agronomic characteristics of selected corn varieties

Parameters
Y W YXW WXY
1. Plant Height 110.5cm 112.2cm 123.3 130cm
(cm.)
2. Ear Height 8.6cm 7.8cm 8.3cm 7cm
(cm.)
3. Length of 135.2cm 140.9cm 140cm 120cm
Leaves (cm.)
4. Width of 9cm 9cm 9cm 9cm
Leaves (cm.)
5. Stalk 6.7cm 5.1cm 6.3cm 6.1cm
Diameter (cm.)
6. Ear Length 16.2cm 13.3cm 15.5 12cm
(cm.)
7. Ear Diameter 10cm 17cm 10.8 7.8cm
(cm.)
8. No. of Kernel 12 10 10 20
Row/Ear
9. No. of 20 16 13 10
Kernels/Row
 
 C1. Plant Height of selected corn plant

Samples Y W YXW WXY

1 150 cm 130cm 170cm 120cm
2 180cm 140cm 130cm 140cm
3 120cm 120cm 121cm 150cm
4 160cm 134cm
5 150cm 135cm
Total 760cm 659cm 421cm 410cm
MEAN 152cm 131.8c 140.3cm 136.6cm
m
 

C2. Ear Height of selected corn plant. (cm)

Samples Y W YXW WXY

1 12cm 16cm 15cm 19cm
2 10cm 10cm 10cm 18cm
3 18cm 15cm 12cm 16cm
4 15 cm 10cm
5 17cm 12cm
Total 72cm 63cm 37cm 53cm
MEAN 14.4cm 12.6cm 12.3cm 17.6cm
 

C3. Length of Leaves of selected corn plant. (cm)

Samples Y W YXW WXY

1 120cm 140cm 150cm 150cm
2 110cm 130cm 148cm 130cm
3 150cm 125cm 130cm 140cm
4 120cm 130cm
5 130cm 120cm
Total 630cm 645cm 428cm 420cm
MEAN 126cm 129cm 142.6cm 140cm
  

C4. Width of leaves of selected corn plant. (cm.)

Samples Y W YX WX
W Y
1 8cm 8cm 8cm 8cm
2 8cm 8cm 8cm 8cm
3 8cm 8cm 8cm 8cm
4 8cm 8cm
5 8cm 8cm
Total 40cm 40cm 24cm 24cm
MEAN 8cm 8cm 8cm 8cm
C5. Stalk Diameter of selected corn plant. (cm)

Samples Y W YX WX
W Y
1 8cm 8cm 8cm 8cm
2 6cm 6cm 6cm 5cm
3 5cm 5.5cm 5cm 5.5cm
4 5cm 5.5cm
5 4.5cm 4cm
Total 28.5cm 29cm 19cm 18.5
MEAN 5.7cm 5.8cm 6.3cm 6.1cm
 

C6. Ear length of selected corn plant. (cm.)

Samples Y W YXW WXY

1 10cm 15cm 15cm 13cm
2 18.5cm 10cm 18.5cm 15cm
3 15cm 12cm 10cm 12cm
4 16.5cm 13.5cm
5 12cm 10cm
Total 72cm 60.5cm 43.5cm 40cm
MEAN 14.4cm 12.1cm 14.5cm 13.3cm
 

C7. Ear Diameter of selected corn plant. (cm.)

Samples Y W YXW WXY

1 11.5cm 8.5cm 11.5cm 8.5cm
2 11cm 8cm 11cm 8cm
3 10cm 7cm 10cm 7cm
4 9.5cm 6.5cm
5 8cm 5cm
Total 50 35 32.5cm 23.5cm
MEAN 10cm 17cm 10.8 7.8cm
 

C8.Number of kernel row/ear of selected corn.

Samples Y W YXW WXY

1 12cm 11cm 12cm 13cm
2 12cm 13cm 12cm 12cm
3 13cm 12cm 10cm 12cm
4 15cm 12cm
5 10cm 13cm
Total 62cm 61cm 34cm 37cm
MEAN 12.4cm 12.2cm 11.3cm 12.3cm
 
C9. Number of kernel/row of selected corn. (cm.)

Samples Y W YXW WXY

1 16cm 16cm 13cm 12cm
2 12cm 15cm 13.5cm 12.5cm
3 12cm 15.5c 13cm 11.5cm
m
4 13cm 14.5c
m
5 15cm 13cm
Total 80cm 73cm 39.5cm 36cm
MEAN 16cm 14.6c 13.16 12cm
m
 

Observation and Recommendation:

When comparing between the Yellow corn and White corn. Yellow corn would be
the ideal in terms of growing it shows ideal characteristics of producing of fruit.
Pollination occurs when the tassel became mature and silks would emerges that’s the
right time to be pollinated, we crossed the Yellow into White and also we crosses White
to Yellow and after that we wrap and cover every silks pollinated. To be able to meet the
time of checking we decided to applied synthetic  fertilizer  (complete 14-14-14) so that
to improve the habit of growing ,the time would be maximized and at the end we are able
to produced.

DOCUMENTATION:
 DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Bachelor in Agricultural Technology
Malacabac, San Isidro Davao Oriental

AG BIO 25-METHOD IN PLANT AND ANIMAL BREEDING

NAME:April Rose Romero                                                     YR,/COURSE/SEM: BAT-IV

         Chazzy Suzanne Garcia
Rose Marie Pleños

EGGPLANT POLLINATION AND BREEDING

INTRODUCTION:

Eggplants (Solanum melongena) are often referred to as “perfect pollinators”

because they self-pollinate within the same flower. Under normal circumstances, the
eggplant vines will pollinate themselves with outside intervention or Self-fertilization and
Cross-pollination. The skin on a mature eggplant can be tough and resistant to the bite
of those who use synthetic teeth. Eggplant flowers like tomato flowers are self pollinating
flowers by their design. They are, however, even easier to get pollinated and have fruit
set in the greenhouse than are tomato flowers.

DEFINITION OF TERMS:

    Pollination –Is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a
plant, enabling later fertilization and the production of seeds, most often by an animals or
by winds.
    Breeding –Is a sexual reproduction that produces offspring, usually animals or plant.
    Cross pollination –Is when one plant pollinates a plant of another variety.
    Self-pollination –The pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from
another flower on the same plant.
    Emasculation –The removal of the anthers of a flower in order to prevent self-
pollination or undesirable pollination of neighboring plants.
    Thinning –Removal of some plants, or parts of pants, to make room for the growth of
others.
    Anther –The pollen bearing portion of the syamen.
    Glume –The outer husk or bracts of each spikelet in grasses.
    Organic fertilizer –Are materials derived from plant and animals parts or residue.
     Synthetic fertilizer –Are manmade inorganic compound – usually derived by-
products of the petroleum industry.
 

METHODOLOGY:

The experiment starts at the days of sowing until the time of harvesting. The seed
emerged after 7 days. Watering from morning to afternoon and applying complete
fertilizer to sustain those nutrients that eggplants needed. When the flowers emerged,
we covered and wrapped it with a plastic cellophane to avoid contamination.  
Desirable characteristics of L ( Long Purple Eggplant )
 
1. Long
2. Purple in color
3. Cylindrical in shape
 

 Desirable characteristics of S ( Short Green Eggplant )  

 
1. Round shape
2. Greenish-white in color
3. Tiny

POLLINATION AND BREEDING:

Crosses Date Results/ Crosses Date Results/

Emascn/Polln Remarks Emascn/Polln Remarks
XL Nov. 29 L XS Nov. 29 S
LXS SXL
FS L1XL2 FS S1XS2
   L2XL1  S2XS1
HS L3XL4 HS S3XS4
   L5 L6    S5 S6
 

RESULT AND OBSERVATION

Result:
 A. Date sown                         L. August 13                                                      S. August 15

B. 50% Days to flowering      L. (date# of days):Nov. 30/ 110 day     S. (date# of

days): December 2/109 days

C. Horticultural traits and parameters of selected eggplant.

Eggplant Average horticultural characteristics of selected

Parameters eggplant.

L S LXS
1. Plant Height (cm.) 35.4cm 35.8cm 45.5cm
2. Stem Diameter (cm ) 4.3cm 4.4cm 5cm
3. Length of Fruit (cm ) 20cm
4. Fruit Diameter ( cm ) 7.4cm
5. Height of Fruit ( cm ) 30.6 cm
 

C1. (Plant Height (cm))

Samples L S LXS
1 60cm 50cm
2 50cm 40cm
3 45cm 48cm
4 45cm 45cm
5 40cm 37cm
Total 240cm 220cm
MEAN 48cm 44cm
 

C2. (Stem Diameter (cm))

Samples L S LXS
1 5cm 5cm
2 5cm 5cm
3 4.5cm 4.5cm
4 4cm 4cm
5 3cm 3.5cm
Total 21.5cm 22cm
MEAN 4.3cm 4.4cm
 

C3. (Length of Fruit (cm))

Samples L S LX
S
1 20cm
2 21.5cm
 3 12cm
4 18.5cm
5 15cm
Total 87cm
MEAN 17.4cm
 

C4. (Fruit Diameter (cm))

Samples L S LXS
1 8cm
2 8cm
3 6cm
4 6cm
5 6.5cm
Total 34.5cm
MEAN 6.9cm
 

C5. (Height of Fruit (cm))

Samples L S LX
S
1 15 cm
2 25 cm
3 20 cm
4 30 cm
5 20 cm
Total 110 cm
MEAN 22 cm
  

Observation and recommendation:

As what we observed during pollination,  were going to emasculate male and after that
bring them into female parts of crossed plant, as we observed after we pollinate 3 days
after, the flower we’ve  pollinated was die and falling,  maybe it is because of lack of
handling and lack to be watered .

Reference:

www.researchgate.com
www.agriduc.com
 

DOCUMENTATION:
 

DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE COLLEGE OF

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Bachelor in Agricultural Technology
Malacabac, San Isidro Davao Oriental

AG BIO 25-METHOD IN PLANT AND ANIMAL BREEDING

NAME:April Rose Romero

Chazzy Suzanne Garcia
Rose Marie Plenos                                                  YR,/COURSE/SEM: BAT-IV
          

ORCHIDS POLLINATION AND BREEDING

 

INTRODUCTION:

The laboratory exercises conducted by BAT 4th year students correspond with

desired characteristics and improvement of the plant. The breeding laboratory use
different method of breeding depending on the model of reproduction of crops which
include. Self-fertilization and cross-pollination. The laboratory exercises conducted from
a breeding program to ensure that pollination is success.

DEFINITION OF TERMS:

    Pollination –Is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a
plant, enabling later fertilization and the production of seeds, most often by an animals or
by winds.
    Breeding –Is a sexual reproduction that produces offspring, usually animals or plant.
    Cross pollination –Is when one plant pollinates a plant of another variety.
    Self-pollination –The pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from
another flower on the same plant.
    Emasculation –The removal of the anthers of a flower in order to prevent self-
pollination or undesirable pollination of neighboring plants..
    Anther –The pollen bearing portion of the syamen.
    Glume –The outer husk or bracts of each spikelet in grasses.

Desirable Characteristics of Monopodial Orchids (Vanda).

 1. Grow as a single upright stem with one leaf following another on opposite sides of the
center.

2. They add leaves to the apex each year and the stem grows longer accordingly.

Desirable Characteristics of Sympodial.

1. Have a rizomes at the base with a series of growth developing upward from it.

Crosses Date Result/Remarks Crosses Date Result/Remarks

Emascn/Polln Emascn/Polln
Self M Nov 14 Self S Nov 14 S
MXS SXM SM
  

RESULT AND OBSERVATION:

C. Agronomic traits and parameters of selected orchid.

Orchid Average agronomic characteristics of Produced

Parameters selected orchid varieties
M S Self monopodial
1. Plant Height 75cm 72cm
(cm)
2. Pods Height 4cm
(cm)
3. Length of 10cm 4cm
leaves (cm)
4. Width of leaves 1.5cm 2cm
(cm)
5. Pods Diameter 2cm
(cm)
 

Observation and Recommendation:

          Pollination of orchid are easy to perform you just have to prepare orchid either
sympodial or monopodial it depend on you whether you have to crossed it or to be self.
When you crossed orchids it’s better to used stick or pin to put the pollen into female
part, in order to insure the pollen should sink in into female. In our cased during cross
pollination , we only used our hands to pollinate, without  knowing its  instances results,
at the end , were not able to produced crossed pollination of pods, we only produced self
monopodial (vanda) pods.

 
DOCUMENTATION: