STEM 6- SUMMATIVE 3: CALCULATIONS INVOLVING SOLUTION CONCENTRATIONS

1. What is the mass percent concentration of a solution made by adding 212.4 g of barium chloride
to 1235.0 g water?

Given: mass of BaCl= 212.4 g

mass of water= 1235.0 g
%m/m =?
Observe that this item, ask for the percent
Solution: by mass or %m/m. Following the formula, you
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
%m/m = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (100) must add the mass of solvent and solute to
get the mass of the solution.
212.4 𝑔
%m/m= 212.4 𝑔+1235.0 𝑔 x 100 Mathematically, it is expressed as the mass
212.4 𝑔 fraction times 100.
%m/m= 1447.4 𝑔 x 100
%m/m= 0.15 x 100
%m/m= 15 %

2. What is the volume percent of a solution made by adding 48.2 mL of methyl alcohol to enough
water to make 152.0 mL of solution?
Given:
Volume of methyl alcohol= 48.2 mL
Volume of solution= 152.0 mL
%v/v ?
Observe that this item, ask for the percent
by volume or %v/v. The volume of the
Solution:
solution is already given, hence directly
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 substitute it in the formula. However, if not
%v/v = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (100)
given then you have to add the volume of
solvent and solute to get the volume of the
48.2 𝑚𝐿
%v/v= 152.0 𝑚𝐿 x 100 solution.
48.2 𝑚𝐿
%v/v= 152.0 𝑚𝐿 x 100
%v/v= 0.32 x 100
%v/v= 31.71 or 32%

3. Determine concentration of a solution that contains 995 mg of dicalcium phosphate dissolved in

750.0 mL of water in (a) molarity, (b) molality, (c) mole fraction, (d) mass %, and (e) ppm. Assume
the density of the solution is the same as water (1.00 g/mL). Assume no volume change upon the
addition of the solute.
You can use the value of density give
Given: to get the mass of the water.
Mass of CaHPO4: 995 mg m=?
Volume of H2O: 750.0 mL Mole Fraction=?
Density of H20: 1.00 g/mL %m/m=?
M=? Ppm=?
Solution:

Needed Conversions
1. mg to g
✓ Dicalcium phosphate or CaHPO4

1𝑔
995 mg x 1000 𝑚𝑔= 0.995 g

✓ Water or H2O These are the conversions needed to

proceed with the calculations. Refer to
1𝑔
750.0 mL x 1 𝑚𝐿= 750 g these conversions or value presented
here for the computation presented
below.
2. mL to L
1𝐿
750.0 mL x 1000 𝑚𝐿= 0.75 L Suggestion: Convert first, so have the
needed value and correct unit to
3. mL to Kg substitute in the formula. In this way,
1 𝐾𝑔 can compute in more organized manner.
750.0 mL x = 0.75 Kg
1000 𝑚𝐿

4. g to mol
✓ CaHPO4
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
0.995 g x 136 𝑔= 0.00731618 or 0.01 mol

✓ H2O
1𝑔 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
750.0 mL x 𝑥 = 41.67 mol
1 𝑚𝐿 18 𝑔
Since in computing Molarity and Molality and Mole
Fraction, you need to convert from grams to mole—
Molar Mass
then you may solve for the molar mass of the solute
and solvent altogether to be more efficient

Solute Solvent
Molar Mass: Dicalcium phosphate Molar Mass: Water
Ca: 1 x 40= 40 Option 2 H: 2x 1= 2
Ca: 2 x 40= 80

H: 1 x 1= 1 P: 1 x 31= 31 O: 1 x 16= 16

P: 1 x 31= 31 O: 4 x 16= 64 MM H2O: 18 g

O: 4 x 16= 64 175 g

MMCaHPO4: 136 g
 From the preliminary conversions shown
above. Now, let us solve for the Molarity,
a) Molarity Molality, and Mole Fraction.
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
M= 𝐿 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 Note:
0.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙 mg is to be converted in GRAMS (g)
M= g is to be converted in MOLE (mol)
0.75 𝐿
M= 0.01333333 𝑜𝑟 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍/𝑳 mL is to be converted in LITER (l)
mL is to be converted in KILOGRAM (kg)
b) Molality
Refer to the conversions done above.
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
m= 𝐾𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡

0.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙
m= 0.75 𝑘𝑔

m= 0.01333333 𝑜𝑟 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍/𝑲𝒈

c) Mole Fraction
a) XCaHPO4
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
XSolute = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒+𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
0.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙
X CaHPO4 = 0.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙 +41.67 𝑚𝑜𝑙 In Mole Fraction, you must
0.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙
X CaHPO4 = 41.68 𝑚𝑜𝑙 compute for the
Mole Fraction of SOLUTE
X CaHPO4 = 0.00023992 or 0.00024 mol (Xsolute)
and
Mole Fraction of SOLVENT
b) X H2O (Xsolvent)
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
XSolvent = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒+𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 Note: g to mol conversion is
already presented above.
041.67 𝑚𝑜𝑙 Refer to it.
X H2O= 0.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙 +41.67 𝑚𝑜𝑙
41.67 𝑚𝑜𝑙
X H2O =
41.68 𝑚𝑜𝑙
X H2O= 0.99 mol

d) % Mass
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 Percent by mass or %m/m. You must
%m/m = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (100) add the mass of solvent and solute
0.995 𝑔
%m/m = 0.995 𝑔+750 𝑔 (100) to get the mass of the solution.
0.995 𝑔 Mathematically, it is expressed as
%m/m = (100) the mass fraction times 100.
751 𝑔
%m/m = 0.0013249 (100)
%m/m = 0.13
 parts per million (ppm) is a measure
e) PPM of concentration and refers to the masses of
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
PPM = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (106) solute and solution. It is calculated by
0.995 𝑔 dividing the mass of solute by the mass of
PPM = 0.995 𝑔+750 𝑔 (106)
solution, then multiplying by 1, 000, 000
0.995 𝑔
PPM = (106)
751 𝑔 In addition, to convert to PPM you multiply
PPM = 0.0013249 (106) by 1,000,000 = 10 6
PPM = 1, 324.90013

4. An aqueous solution is prepared by diluting 4.70 mL acetone (d = 0.789 g/mL) with

water to a final volume of 85.0 mL. The density of the solution is 0.993 g/mL. What
is the a) molarity, b) molality and c) mole fraction of acetone in this solution?

Given:
Acetone (C3H6O): 4.70 mL
Density of Acetone: 0.789 g/mL
Volume of Solution: 85.0 mL
Density of Solution: 0.993 g/mL
For the preliminary conversions
Solution: Note:
Needed Conversions ✓ mg is to be converted in GRAMS (g)
1) mL to g ✓ g is to be converted in MOLE (mol)
✓ mL is to be converted in LITER (l)
Mass of Solute: Acetone ✓ mL is to be converted in KILOGRAM (kg)
✓ Also, DENSITY (d=m/v) can be used to determine
1𝑔 the mass (g) of the substance. Refer to the Option 2
4.70 mL x 1 𝑚𝐿= 4.70 g
presented.

Option 2 (Use the density to get the mass, remember

D density is equal to mass over
the volume)
0.789 𝑔
4.70 mL x = 3.71 g
𝑚𝐿

Mass of Solution: Acetone + Water

1𝑔
85.0 mL x 1 𝑚𝐿= 85 g

Option 2 Mass of solution: (Use the density to get the mass, remember density is
equal to mass over the volume)
0.993 𝑔
85.0 mL x = 84.41 g
𝑚𝐿

Mass of Solvent (Water) in the solution: mass of solution – mass of solute

84.41g - 4.70 g = 79.71 g
 2) mL to L
1𝐿
85.0 mL x 1000 𝑚𝐿= 0.085 L

3) mL to Kg
1𝑔 1 𝐾𝑔
85.0 mL x 𝑥 = 0.085 Kg
1𝑚𝐿 1𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑔
4) g to mol
a. C3H6O
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
85. 0 g x 58 𝑔 = 0.08 mol

Option 2 (Use the mass, from the conversion using the given density)
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
4.70 g x 58𝑚𝑔= 0.06 g

b. H2O
1𝑔 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
85.0 mL x 𝑥 = 4.72 mol
1 𝑚𝐿 18 𝑔

Molar Mass

Molar Mass: Acetone Molar Mass:

Water

C:3 x 12= 36 H: 2x 1= 2

H: 6x 1= 6 O: 1 x 16= 16

O: 1 x 16= 16 MM H2O: 18 g

MMC3H6O: 58 g

a) Molarity
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
M=
𝐿 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
0.08 𝑚𝑜𝑙
M= 0.085 𝐿
M= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍/𝑳

b) Molality
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
m= 𝐾𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡

0.08 𝑚𝑜𝑙
m= 79.71 𝑘𝑔
 m= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍/𝑲𝒈

c) Mole Fraction
XC3H6O
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
XSolute = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒+𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
0.08 𝑚𝑜𝑙
X C3H6O = 0.08 𝑚𝑜𝑙 +41.67 𝑚𝑜𝑙
0.08 𝑚𝑜𝑙
X C3H6O = 41.75 𝑚𝑜𝑙
X C3H6O = 0.00191617 or 0.002 mol

X H2O
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
XSolvent = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒+𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡

41.67 𝑚𝑜𝑙
X H2O=
0.08 𝑚𝑜𝑙 +41.67 𝑚𝑜𝑙

41.67 𝑚𝑜𝑙
X H2O = 41.75𝑚𝑜𝑙
X H2O= 0.99 mol

5) A solution was prepared by mixing 7.8 mL of methanol with 18.2 mL of water.

Calculate the mole fraction of methanol in the solution. Hint: The density of
methanol is 0.792 g/mL, while that of water is 1.00 g/Ml
Given:
Volume of Methanol (CH3OH): 7.8 mL
Volume of Water (H2O): 18.2 mL

Solution:

Conversion
a) mL to gram to mol
Methanol
1 𝑔 1 mol
7.8 𝑚𝐿 𝑋 𝑥 = 0.19 𝑚𝑜𝑙
1 𝑚𝐿 32 𝑔

Water
1 𝑔 1 mol
18.2 𝑚𝐿 𝑋 𝑥 = 1.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙
1 𝑚𝐿 18 𝑔
Mole Fraction
Mole Fraction is the
XCH3OH amount of component
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
XSolute = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒+𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 of the solution
0.19 𝑚𝑜𝑙 expressed in moles per
XCH3OH =
0.19 𝑚𝑜𝑙 +1.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙 mol.
0.19 𝑚𝑜𝑙
X CH3OH= 1.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Note:
X CH3OH= 0.15833333 or 0.16 mol
Convert grams to mol,
then substitute the
X H2O computed mole to the
formula.
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
XSolvent = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒+𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
Compute g to mol for
1.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙 solvent and solute
X H2O= 0.19 𝑚𝑜𝑙 +1.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙

1.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙
X H2O = 1.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙

X H2O= 0.84mol