Cambridge Lower Secondary Checkpoint: Chemistry

1. The diagram shows a cooling curve for a pure substance.

H
temperature G
in °C

J
K

time
in minutes

(a) The table contains descriptions for each letter in the diagram.
Write the correct letter next to each description.
One has been done for you.

description letter
gas F
solid
condensing
freezing
liquid
[2]

(b) The diagram shows the particles at point H on the cooling curve.

Draw the particles at point F in this box.

[1]
2. Sulfur is an element.

(a) Write down the chemical symbol for sulfur. [1]

(b) Sulfides are compounds that contain sulfur.

(i) Write down the element that all chlorides contain. [1]

(ii) A compound has this chemical formula.

NaOH
Write down the names of the three elements in this compound.

3
[2]

3. This question is about elements, compounds and mixtures.

Draw one line from each type of substance to a statement about the substance.

type of substance statement

two or more substances that can be

separated by a physical method
compound
an impure substance that contains
only one type of molecule

a pure substance that contains two

element or more different types of atoms
chemically joined together

contains only one type of atom

mixture

the smallest particle that can exist

[3]
4. Carlos investigates the temperature change during some reactions.

Carlos:
• measures 20 cm3 of a liquid in a measuring cylinder
• puts the liquid in a plastic cup and measures the temperature of the liquid
• adds a solid to the liquid and stirs
• measures the temperature of the mixture
• repeats this experiment with different solids and different liquids.

(a) Carlos puts too much liquid in the measuring cylinder.

Look at the diagram of the measuring cylinder and the liquid.

25

20

How much liquid does Carlos remove to get the 20 cm3 he needs?

cm3 [1]

5. Look at the diagram of an atom.

X

X
Write down the number of particles in the nucleus of this atom.

[1]
(b) Here are his results.

temperature temperature
change in is the reaction
liquid of liquid at of mixture at
solid added temperature exothermic or
used start end
in °C endothermic?
in °C in °C

copper
magnesium
sulfate 19 30
powder
solution

dilute
sodium
ethanoic 19 12 –7
carbonate
acid

potassium
citric
carbonate 18 14
acid
solution

dilute
magnesium
sulfuric 18 34
ribbon
acid

(i) Calculate the change in temperature for each reaction.

One has been done for you.

Write your answers in the table. [1]

(ii) Which mixture of liquid and solid releases the most energy?

liquid

solid
[1]

(iii) Complete the table by writing endothermic or exothermic in the last column. [1]

(c) Carlos is not sure all his results are reliable.

What does Carlos do to make his results more reliable?

[1]
6. Lily wants to make zinc sulfate.
She uses zinc and dilute sulfuric acid.
Look at the steps she takes.
They are not in the correct order.

A – Add zinc powder to the warm dilute sulfuric acid until no more zinc reacts.
B – Evaporate the solution until some crystals start to appear.
C – Place 25 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid into a beaker.
D – Leave the solution to completely crystallise.
E – Place the filtrate of zinc sulfate solution into an evaporating basin.
F – Filter the contents of the beaker to remove unreacted zinc.
G – Warm the dilute sulfuric acid.

(a) Write the letters to show the steps in the correct order.
Two have been done for you.

C F
[2]

(b) When zinc reacts with dilute sulfuric acid a gas is made.

Write down the name of this gas.

[1]

(c) When Lily uses hotter dilute sulfuric acid the reaction is faster.
Explain why.
Use ideas about particles and collisions.

[2]

(d) What equipment does Lily use to accurately measure 25 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid?

[1]

(e) Identify one safety hazard in this experiment.

hazard

Describe how this safety hazard is reduced.

reduced by

[2]
7. Oliver compares the energy in different types of food.

He burns the food and uses the energy released to heat water.

test-tube

thermometer

water

needle

burning food

(a) Complete the sentence about the energy transferred when the food burns.

The energy in the food is transferred into light, sound and

energy. [2]

(b) Oliver uses the same volume of water in the test-tube for each food he burns.

This makes it a fair test.

Tick () three more things Oliver does to make it a fair test.

always starts with cold water at 10 °C

mixes and burns all the food together

burns the same mass of food

keeps the burning food the same distance from the test-tube

uses the same type of food

writes down the colour of the food

[2]
(c) Oliver burns each food.

He measures the increase in temperature of the water.

Here are his results.

increase in temperature
food of water
in °C
bread 6

cereal 8

marshmallow 10

biscuit 12

popcorn 3

Oliver draws a bar chart.

12

10

8
increase in
temperature 6
of water
in °C
4

0
bread cereal marshmallow biscuit popcorn

food

One of the bars is wrong.

Write down which bar is wrong. [1]

(d) Which food contains the most energy?

Give a reason for your answer.

food

reason

[1]
8. The picture shows a chemical hand warmer.

er
m
ar
w
nd
ha

(a) The hand warmer contains iron and water.

Oxygen reacts with iron and water inside the hand warmer.

Hydrated iron oxide is made.

Complete the word equation for the reaction.

+ +

[2]

(b) Write down the name of the reaction between iron, water and oxygen that is not useful.

[1]