UGRD-ECE6205 Signals, Spectra and

Signal Processing
(Prelim Exam)
Made By (DARKX)
Highest grade: 100.00 / 100.00.

A signal is described as an analog signal whose graph is symmetrical to the vertical axis and
has complete pattern in one cycle. The signal's classification is completely given as:

ANSWER: continuous time, even, deterministic and periodic

Signals are primarily classified into two: continuous time signal and discrete time.

ANSWER: True

In audio signal processing, a microphone acts as the filter of the system.

ANSWER: False

Signals which have both time and amplitude are discrete and referred to as:

ANSWER: digital signal

What is the sampling period if the sampling frequency is 10 Hz?

ANSWER: 100 ms

Which of the following is not expressed in Hertz?

ANSWER: Sampling interval

If the sampling frequency is fs = 50 Hz, which among the signals will experience aliasing?

ANSWER: x(t) = sin 2π (50)t + cos 2π (25)t

It is evident that production of audio CDs follows the Nyquist theorem since the sampling
frequency used in this is 32 kHz

ANSWER: False

Which of the following in not a discrete time signal?

ANSWER: x = sin 3.5πt

What is the discrete signal obtained after sampling x(t) = 2.5 sin 200πt with f s = 250 Hz?a

ANSWER: x(n) = 2.5sin 4/5πn

Signal which can be expressed in mathematical form is referred to as discrete time signal.

ANSWER: False

Reconstruction requires that the sampling rate should have a __________ value which is twice
the maximum frequency component of the signal.

ANSWER: Minimum

Signal which exhibits rotational symmetry with respect to the origin is referred to as odd
signal.

ANSWER: True

An advanced impulse is placed after the reference 0.

ANSWER: False
Continuous time signal is represented mathematically by a sequence of numbers x

ANSWER: False

An advanced impulse is placed before the reference 0.

ANSWER: True

Which among the signals is equivalent to u(n-1)?

ANSWER: u – δ

In signal processing, all input signal begin with a:

ANSWER: transducer

Which of the following is described by the notation x (t) = -x(-t) or x = -x(-n)?

ANSWER: odd signal

Compression is the transformation of a collection of data typically into a smaller file size.

ANSWER: True

It is a phenomenon which occurs when the signal is sampled below the Nyquist rate

ANSWER: Aliasing

In practice, audio signals are sampled at 8 bits and below.

ANSWER: False

Which of the following signals is continuous time, odd and periodic?

ANSWER: x(t) = 1/3sin 0.5wt

Which of the following is true about a random signal?

ANSWER: It is in the form of a non-deterministic signal

Signal which exhibits symmetry in the vertical axis are referred to as:

ANSWER: even

An anti-causal signal will neglect the values at the negative side.

ANSWER: False

It is evident that production of audio CDsfollows the Nyquist theorem since the sampling
frequency used in this is 44.1 kHz

ANSWER: True

What characteristic of a signal is described by the completion of a certain pattern in one

cycle?

ANSWER: periodicity

In audio signal processing, a microphone acts as the transducer in the system.

ANSWER: True
‘

The notation u refers to a __________

ANSWER: Unit step signal

Signal which exhibits periodicity or can complete a certain pattern in one cycle.    

ANSWER: Periodic signal

______are signals which are the preprocessed signals which are to be used in digital signal
processing.  It is represented mathematically by a sequence of numbers x.

ANSWER: Discrete time-signals

The ____converts an analog signal to typically an electrical signal.

ANSWER: Transducer

Signal which cannot complete a certain pattern in one cycle. 

ANSWER: Aperiodic signal

From the given analog signal: xa(t) = 4 sin 4000πt + 8 cos 3000πt. Determine the minimum
sampling frequency to avoid aliasing.

ANSWER: 4000     

From the given analog signal: xa(t) = 4 sin 4000πt + 8 cos 3000πt Determine the frequency
components of the signal.

ANSWER: 2000 and 1500

Signal which can be expressed in mathematical form example is y = A sin ωtwhere it can be
described as a sinusoidal signal with amplitude, A and is a function of time, t.

ANSWER: Deterministic signal

A converter used to change dc voltage into ac voltage.

ANSWER: Inverter   
DSP is a discipline that spans electrical engineering, computing, mathematics and the physical
sciences. It is distinguished from other areas in computer science by the unique type of data it
uses as  ____.

ANSWER: signals

Signal which cannot be expressed in simple mathematical form example is random noise.

ANSWER: Non-deterministic signal

In audio signal processing, a _____acts as the transducer in the system. In communications, an

_____converts electromagnetic waves.

ANSWER: microphone, antenna

____is represented by computers. It is where the analysis and decision takes place. Using
computer algorithms, the signals are processed.

ANSWER: Digital signal processor

____corresponds to how many levels or gradations can be made to a waveform.

ANSWER: Sampling resolution

Unprocessed physical quantities such as the ____ that we hear are in the form of continuous
time.

ANSWER: audio signal

The main concept behind the ____is that from the electrical signal coming from the transducer, it
is converted into a stream of 0s and 1s which can be read by the digital signal processor.

ANSWER: (ADC) analog to digital converter

A____ is used to convert digital signals consisting of 0s and 1s to varying analog signals.

ANSWER: DAC

____are often referred to as analog signals and they take on values in continuous interval (a, b),
where a can be -∞ and b, ∞.

ANSWER: Continuous time signals

Random signal are expressed using____.

ANSWER: probability

It states that, for a signal to be properly reconstructed, a signal must be sampled twice the
maximum frequency component of the signal.

ANSWER: Nyquist theorem

____ is a discipline that spans electrical engineering, computing, mathematics and the
physical sciences.

ANSWER: Digital Signal Processing  

DFT provides a discrete frequency representation of a finite-duration sequence in the frequency

domain

ANSWER: True

Find the DTFT of the discrete time signal x = [1, 0, -1, 0] 

ANSWER: X(k) = [0 2 0 2]
The relationship of the dualities of Fourier series and Transform

ANSWER: Differ only inthe sign of the exponent of the corresponding complex
exponential

Which of the following is not a way to represent a discrete-time signal?

ANSWER: n with rounded values

Find the DTFT of x[n] = 5n u[-n]

ANSWER: x(w) = 1/(1-0.2ejw)

Find the DFT of the discrete time signal x  = [j, 1, -j, 1]

ANSWER: X(k) = [2 , 2j,-2, 2j]

Find the DFT of the discrete time signal x  = [1, 1, 1, 1]

ANSWER: X(k) = [4, 0, 0, 0 ]

Find the DFT of x = [ -1 1 1 -1]

ANSWER: X(k) =  [0,-2 - 2j, 0,-2 + 2j]

In DFT multiplication in the time domain is circular convolution to the frequency domain

ANSWER: True
The input and output of Discrete Fourier transform is discrete and infinite.

ANSWER: False

When ω = π  this corresponds to the____ possible rate of oscillation.

ANSWER: Highest

The input and output of Discrete Fourier transform is discrete and finite.

ANSWER: True

DFT provides a discrete frequency representation of infinite-duration sequence in the frequency

domain

ANSWER: False

The output of Discrete Time Fourier transform is discreteand finite.

ANSWER: False

A discrete-time periodic signal can be analyzed and synthesized using

ANSWER: Fourier Series

A filter with two poles and 2 zeros inside the unit circle is _________ order filter.

ANSWER: 2 nd

A ____filter is a filter that passes signals with a frequency lower than a selected cutoff frequency
and attenuates signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency.

ANSWER: low-pass        
Unprocessed physical quantities such as the audio signal that we hear are in the form of ____.

ANSWER: continuous time

____is a property which refers to the scaling or multiplying by a constant.

ANSWER: Homogeneity

The ___varies in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal.

ANSWER: amplitude of the carrier signal

Signal input  is a real world signal which is in____.

ANSWER: continuous time form  

In order for us to convert a continuous time signal to discrete time time, _____is performed.

ANSWER: sampling   

____allows a complex plane representation of the signal or the system.

ANSWER: z transform

The amplitude of the carrier signal containing ____varies as per the amplitude of the signal
containing information at each instant.

ANSWER: no information    

The value of z is the equivalent to the complex value in Fourier Transform if r = 1.

ANSWER: True

The ROC of x(z) = 2/1-z-1 is

ANSWER: ROC: |z| > 2 (WRONG) Try / ROC: |z| > |2| (WRONG) Try / ROC: |z| > |1|

A signal defined as x  = nan u  has an ROC at 

ANSWER: |z| > |a|

The inverse z-transform of X(z) = z – z-1 + z -2 is: 

ANSWER: x  = δ(n+1 ) - δ(n-1 ) + δ(n-2 )

A Z-transform has limits from 0 to positive infinity is called unilateral Z-transform.

ANSWER: True

The ROC of X(z) = z – z-1 + z -2 is:

ANSWER: 0 ≤ z ≤ ∞ (WRONG) Try / all except z= 0 and ∞

The value of z is the equivalent to the complex value in Fourier Transform if r = 0.

ANSWER: False

An exponential sequence can be expressed as an arithmetic series.

ANSWER: False

Which of the following Z-transforms is equivalent to x  = u(n-1)

ANSWER: x(z) = 1/1-z-1-1

A Z-transform has limits from 0 to positive infinity is called a rational Z-transform.

ANSWER: False

Generally, for a finite duration anti-causal signal, the region of convergence is

ANSWER: Entire z plane except ∞

Generally, for a finite duration two-sided signal, the region of convergence is

ANSWER: Entire z plane except 0 and ∞

The Z-transform of convolution is multiplication.

ANSWER: True

The exponent of z of an advanced impulse is positive.

ANSWER: True

A property of Z-Transform which involves scaling is referred to as

ANSWER: Homogeneity

Region of convergenceis the set of values of z where the value of X(z) will be_____

ANSWER: finite
The exponent of z of an advanced impulse is negative.

ANSWER: False
The z transform of the signal is given by  X(z) = z/z-0.3 , its inverse z is: 

ANSWER: x  = 0.3n u(-n) (WRONG) Try / x  = 0.3n u (WRONG) Try /

x  = 0.3 u

The ROC of x  = u(n-1) is:

ANSWER: ROC: |z| > 1

The Z-transform of convolution is a circular convolution.

ANSWER: False

What is the z-transform of the signal

x  = 0.5 u  ?

ANSWER: x(z) = 0.5/1-z-1

The ROC of x  = δ(n+1) - δ(n-1) is:

ANSWER: All except z= 0 and ∞

Generally, for a finite duration causal signal, the region of convergence is 

ANSWER: Entire z plane except 0

What is the z-transform of the signal

x  = 0.5 δ(n-3)?

ANSWER: x(z) = 0.5 z-3

An exponential sequence can be expressed as a geometric series.

ANSWER: True

The equation that shows the relationship of the past output and present and past input samples
and the present output sample is called

ANSWER: Difference equation

What is the z-transform of the signal

x  = 2n u  ?

ANSWER: x(z) = z/z2-2z (WRONG) Try / x(z) = z/2z-1 (WRONG) Try / x(z) = 2/1-z-1

Multiplication of two sequences in time-domain is _______ in frequency domain

ANSWER: Convolution

A property of Z-Transform which involves ashift in the input will have a corresponding shift in
the output.

ANSWER: Shift invariance

In convolution, ______ involves flipping about k = 0 (the time origin),to obtain h (- k).

ANSWER: folding
If up sampling a signal involves by inserting non-zero values in between, this multirate DSP is
referred to as

ANSWER: interpolation

In the case of convolution, _____are involved in correlation.

ANSWER: two signal sequences

In digital signal processing, the _______converts an analog signal to typically an electrical signal.

ANSWER: transducer

In a rectangular pulse, the value of the even harmonics is

ANSWER: 0

__is an operation in the time domain which is fold-shift-multiply-sum in one.

ANSWER: Convolution

____ of signals is often encountered in radar, sonar, digital communications, geology, and other
areas in science and engineering.

ANSWER: Correlation

In an ideal low pass filter, if the passband frequency, ω p = 0.3π and the stopband frequency,
ωs = 0.4π, then the cut off frequency is

ANSWER: 0.35π
In the computation of convolution, one of the sequences is folded, then shifted, then ____by the
other sequence to form the product sequence for that shift, and finally, the values of the
product sequence are summed.

ANSWER: multiplied   

If there is 1 delay from input and 1 from kernel of an LTI causal system, the total delay/s would
be

ANSWER: 2

The frequency ranges of DFT is  

ANSWER: -∞ to ∞ (WRONG) Try / -n to n

Which among the following steps are not included in FFT algorithm?

ANSWER: Compute the L-point DFT of each column (WRONG) Try /

Multiply the resulting array by the phase factors

The DTFT of x[n] = 0.2 n u[-n]

ANSWER: converge (WRONG) Try / 0

The magnitude response of a rectangular pulse is a sinc function.

ANSWER: True

What is the sequence representation of the discrete signal described by the functional
representation given below?

ANSWER: x(n) = [ …0 0 0 A AAAAAA 0 0 0…]

The analysis and synthesis equation for Fourier Series of continuous periodic signals is
equivalent to N point DFT and the inverse DFT, respectively

ANSWER: True

The zero padding extends the non-zero value without changing the value of theentire signal

ANSWER: True

The output of Discrete Time Fourier transform is continuous periodic.

ANSWER: True

The magnitude response of a rectangular pulse is a sine function.

ANSWER: False

The synthesis and analysis equation for Fourier Series of continuous periodic signals is
equivalent to N point DFT and the inverse DFT, respectively

ANSWER: True

DFT property which shows that a signal in time domain and frequency domain is a result of
a shifted by N samples.

ANSWER: Periodicity

The value of y  in DFT can be determined using Inverse Fourier Transform

ANSWER: True

The frequency range of discrete-time signals is

ANSWER: Finite
Property of DFT which shows additivity and scaling.

ANSWER: Linearity

What is the functional representation of the discrete signal

x  = [… 0 0 0  1 1 1 0 0 …]?

ANSWER: x(n) = {1, 0 < n < 2 0, otherwise

The transformation of a signal from continuous-time to discrete-time form through

sampling doesn’t just involve the conversion of the nature of the signal. This may also allow
us to analyze the stability of the system through the use of the____.

ANSWER: z-transform  

According to the French mathematician and physicist, ___any continuous periodic signal is
could be represented by sum of sinusoids.

ANSWER: Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier  

The Discrete Time Fourier Transform  is just DFT with ____.

ANSWER: zero padding   

Unprocessed physical quantities such as the audio signal that we hear are in the form of ___.

ANSWER: continuous time