Theory

A heat exchanger is one device that transfers heat from one source to another. Heat
exchangers serve the purpose of both cooling and heating. To prevent mixing, the fluids
could be separated through a solid wall, or there might have a direct touch. Heat exchangers
are ubiquitous in classic oil and gas or bulk chemical process plants and are less common in
other industries such as food and pharmaceuticals.

Concentric heat exchangers are the most basic kind of heat exchanger which can be
efficiently examined and described using empirical methods. The basic principles of heat
transfer are demonstrated via a concentrated tube heat exchanger. To minimize the overall
length and give a mid-position measuring point, two distinct concentric tubes are arranged in
series in a U shape. They generate a temperature driving force by paralleling fluid streams of
various temperatures separated by a physical boundary in the form of a pipe. This causes
forced convection, which transfers heat to and from the product. In a two-pipe heat
exchanger, one fluid travels through the smaller pipe, while the other flows through the
annular space between the two pipes. A double-pipe heat exchanger can have two different
flow arrangements. Both hot and cold fluids enter the heat exchanger at the same end and
proceed in the same direction in parallel flow. In contrast, hot and cold fluids enter the heat
exchanger at opposite ends and flow in opposite directions in counter flow.
Recommendation