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Chapter 3 - SPECIAL: Probability Distribution
Chapter 3 - SPECIAL: Probability Distribution
Probability distribution
Recap 1
The error involved in making a certain measurement is a
continuous random variable X with PDF
Probability Probability
distribution for distribution for
discrete random continuous random
variables √ variables
√
SPECIAL Probability distributions
In Chap 3
10
Binomial Distribution
Four Properties of a Binomial Experiment
𝒏!
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒑𝒙 (𝟏 − 𝒑)(𝒏−𝒙)
𝒙! (𝒏 − 𝒙)!
where:
f(x) = the probability of x successes in n trials
n = the number of trials
p = the probability of success on any one trial
Binomial Distribution
𝑛!
𝑥! (𝑛 − 𝑥)! 𝑝 𝑥 (1 − 𝑝)(𝑛−𝑥)
Probability of a particular
Number of experimental
sequence of trial outcomes
outcomes providing exactly
with x successes in n trials
x successes in n trials
Binomial Distribution
Let: p = .10, n = 3, x = 1
n!
f ( x) = p x (1 − p ) (n − x )
x !( n − x )!
3!
𝑓(1) = (0.1)1 (0.9)2 = 3(.1)(.81) = .243
1! (3 − 1)!
Binomial Distribution
Expected Value
E(x) = = np
Variance
Var(x) = 2 = np(1 − p)
Standard Deviation
𝜎= 𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑝)
Binomial Distribution
Expected Value
Variance
Standard Deviation
X ~ Bin(n, p)
More example 1:
Find:
1. The probability that exactly 3 get cola S
2. The probability that at least 3 get cola S
3. The probability that at most 1 get cola S
Binomial Distribution
Solution
1. The probability that exactly 3 get cola S
More example 2:
Find:
1. The probability that at most 8 fail the test
2. The probability that exactly 8 fail
3. The probability that at least 8 fail
4. The probability that between 4 and 7, inclusive, fail
5. How about The probability that between 4 and 7, exclusive, fail ???
Binomial Distribution
Solution
Appendix A.1
Try verify the answer with formula method
Binomial Distribution
Solution
Appendix A.1
Try verify the answer with formula method
Binomial Distribution
Solution
Appendix A.1
Try verify the answer with formula method
Binomial Distribution
Solution
Appendix A.1
Try verify the answer with formula method
Binomial Distribution
~ Exercises ~ Level 2
Answer
a) 0.2786
b) 0.2786
c) 0.7451
d) 0.7748
Binomial Distribution
~ Exercises ~ Level 2
Answer: 0.9959
Binomial Distribution
~ Exercises ~ Level 2
Answer: 1/3
Binomial Distribution
~ Exercises ~ Level 3
Twenty percent of all telephones of a certain
type are submitted for service while under
warranty. Of these, 60% can be repaired,
whereas other 40% must be replaced with new
units. If a company purchases ten of these
telephones, what is the probability that
exactly two will end up being replaced under
warranty.
Answer: 0.1478
Binomial Distribution
~ Exercises ~ Level 3
A fair dice has 1 red face, 2 yellow faces and 3
green faces. X is a discrete random variable
which represents the number of times of
obtaining the green face if the dice is thrown
20 times. Calculate
a) The mean of X
b) The standard deviation of X
Answer: 2%
Binomial Distribution
Answer
a) 0.6
b) N=4
Common Probability distributions
In Chap 2
Probability Probability
distribution for distribution for
discrete random continuous random
variables √ variables
√
SPECIAL Probability distributions
In Chap 3
√ 37
END of Chapter 3A