The Contemporary World

(M1 Lesson 3: Theories of Globalization)

Direction:
1. With the use of your online research through newspaper and journal reading,
construct at least two (2) definitions in your own words of each of the hereunder
theories of globalization.

1.1. Liberalism

 This is about thinking that various governments can live in peace as long as we
understand each other, and it is critical in globalization to be able to safeguard people's
equal rights because we need something to encourage free commerce and marketization
in today's generation. Liberalism aspires to assist many people, not just a select few.
 Under this political and social worldview, individual rights, civic liberties, democracy,
and free capitalism are all emphasized.

1.2. Realism

 Realism is a globalization theory that holds that each state must be aware of the current
condition and acts of the others. As a result, the state will have a notion of how to
develop in areas such as various materials, military emphasis, and other things that
other states have or lack that they may be inspired by and better.
 Highlights the importance of preserving a country's culture and economy as well as the
role of state, its interests and power.

1.3. Marxism

 It looks at how capitalism affects labor, productivity, and economic progress, and
proposes a worker revolution to overthrow capitalism and replace it with communism.
Marxism views that the political and social relationships of the states can be determined
and be influenced based on productive relations to one another.
 It is a political and economic idea which divides people into groups wherein the two
main classes are the working class and the ruling class.
 1.4. Constructivism

 People create their own definitions or representations of things based on their own
experiences, according to this notion. It's just a question of transforming one's vision of
something into one's own produced knowledge rather than relying on information from
others, and it allows us to view globalization in unique and own ways.
 According to this view, states should share historically and socially formed ideas and
knowledge with one another. Constructivism can be effective for helping each other since
it communicates created knowledge rather than just tangible variables, allowing states to
grow and deepen their social interactions.

1.5. Postmodernism

 According to this theory, the media has a significant impact on globalization in society
and even the entire globe since it can reach a large number of people in various nations.
 It is more about individual choice, which leads to increased understanding of the varied
cultures of other countries via social media and generates global chances.

2. Fill out the table matrix provided below by comparing and differentiating
how these essential characteristics were best observed in the identified
theories of globalization

Theories of Market Central State Power/ Popular Strong

Economy/Free Planning the Conduct Culture: Personal
Globalization trade and and Public of Generation X & Unique Identity
Private Ownership International Millenials' and
Property of Relations: Craze. Fads and Consciousness
Property Consular & Trensendsetting amid
Diplomacy Hyperglobalism
 Personal This idea Liberalism's This theory’s Emphasized on
1. Liberalism liberty, private lacks primary popular culture individual rights,
property, and secure objective is to was solely and the
minimal private create dependent on government has
government property, institutions that the interests of made it a priority
intervention are according defend the people during to preserve the
the to some, individual its time, which rights of every
cornerstones of and central liberty by means trends individual.
economic planning is restricting and and fads from
liberalism. The practically checking this theory are
term impossible governmental old and can be
"liberalism" to authority. This associated with
must be implement authority can vintages.
considered in be
the perspective use to battle
of its historical foreign
setting. Self- countries, but
interest is a it can also be
core used to
component of oppress the
human nature, country's own
according to inhabitants. As
liberalism. a result,
Producers offer political
us things in the regimes based
economic on liberalism
realm not frequently use
because they civilian control
care about our of the military
well-being, but to limit military
because they authority.
want to earn a
profit.

Free trade and There is no This emphasis This theory’s It opposes

2. Realism regulations, central on relative popular culture centralized
according to planning in rather than was also solely global power
this view, may realism absolute dependent on because it
be utilized to theory. authority the interests of values both
remedy stems from the the people during individual
domestic realist vision of its time, which prosperity and
changes and to the means trends strength.
spotlight new international and fads from
areas. system, which this theory are
is an old and
anarchical traditional.
setting for the
realist. To
protect their
interests,
 enforce
whatever
agreements
they may have
made with
other
governments,
or preserve a
desired
internal and
international
order, all
states must
rely on their
own
resources.
There is no
power over the
nation-state,
nor should
there be,
according to
realists
To explain Marxist- In capitalist working people own world; he
3. Marxism relative Leninist countries, themselves, such does not belong
inequalities in philosophy, Marxist as folk art, folk there.
market prices, as well as conceptions to stories, or music, Individuals in a
Karl Marx the former power focus and those capitalist society
believed in the Soviet on the manufactured for are separated
labor theory of Union, relationship them, such as into two
value. The China, between it and commercial categories:
worth of a Vietnam, class television, political citizens
manufactured and Cuba, dominance. In advertising, and economic
economic good are economics, arcade actors. This
maybe frequently politics, and videogames, dichotomy
determined connected ideology, movies, and indicates his
objectively by with central power is tied to music. political
the average planning. class relations. alienation, which
number of While The state is is exacerbated
labor hours these seen as by the bourgeois
required to nations' particularly state's
make it, economic vital in functioning.
according to success capitalist social Marx came to
this idea. has been formations for regard the state
Private variable, providing the as the vehicle
property, they have conditions for through which
according to usually economic the landed class
Marxist lagged class subjugated other
literature, is a behind dominance. classes as a
social capitalist result of his
relationship in countries in study of society
 which a terms of at the turn of the
property owner growth. nineteenth
takes control of century.
whatever that
another
individual or
group creates
with that
property, and
capitalism is
based on
private
property.
Economic The central Constructivism Constructivism is According to
constructivism planning is is asocial useful in constructivists,
4.Constructivism theory based on theory in multicultural and states can have
advocates that study and international inter cultural numerous
a person be first hand relations that settings because identities that
introduced to a observation maintains that it encourages are socially
description of of the ideational cultural formed via
economic state's variables adaptation as a interactions with
reality and that citizens. (which are viable alternative other actors.
this reality be historically and to assimilation. Identity is are
described on socially This notion is presentation of
the basis of produced) seen to be an actor's idea
how an impact key especially of who they are,
individual parts of applicable to which
creates the international today's communicates
world around relations, not millennials. their goals.
him. just material Because it allows
considerations. people to
conduct research
and participate in
the design of
their learning
experience.
The market The Had a keen This philosophy, A postmodern
5.Postmodernism becomes the utilization awareness of which is largely society is
great of media is the employed by defined as one
assimilator in at the core significance of millennials and in which social
postmodern of this ideology in generation X to actors 'Identities
culture. By theory's establishing market and are constantly
emptying the central and sustaining develop, makes changing.
manifestations planning. political and use of media to Because of the
(music, economic reach the largest need for
fashion, etc.) of power. This number of increased
revolt(e.g., approach people. Trends, flexibility to
punk) of their increases the particularly those adapt and adjust
content state's relating to art, in a changing
(original capacity to are particularly world, this
meaning), it market what interesting. theory's identity
 commodifies the country is always
them in a way possesses, as evolving.
that well as its ties
acculturates all with other
sorts of countries
rebellion and
radical critique

3. In 200 words, write an analysis based on the result of the learning

task.
-Based on the result, which focuses on the theories regarding globalization, I learned that
different theories can affect the economy, and these effects would also differ depending on the
state and its people. I also learned and realized that even though some of the theories were old,
some people still practice and believe in those theories, and are modified by technology and the
media. There are different concepts about our economy and how it affects the nation's growth
and its people. The most effective theory would be the one that would work best and people
would agree to practice it.