A Project Report

on

AUTOMATIC DOORBELL
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science and Engineering
by

SHAIK MOHAMMED ISMAIL (19FH1A0557)

V. KRISHNA VAMSI (19FH1A0559)
V. SURENDRA (19FH1A0560)

Under the esteemed guidance of

Dr.B.MAHESH, M.Tech,Ph.D
Associate Professor

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Accredited by NBA & NAAC A+

Dr. K.V. SUBBA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapur, Approved by AICTE)
Kurnool – 518 218
(2022-23)

Department of CSE Dr.KVSRIT Page 1

 Dr. K.V. SUBBA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapur, Approved by AICTE)
Department of Computer Science & Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “AUTOMATIC DOORBELL” is a

bonafide record of work done by SHAIK MOHAMMED ISMAIL (19FH1A0557),
V.KRISHNA VAMSI (19FH1A0559), V. SURENDRA (19FH1A0560) at Dr. K.V
Subba Reddy Institute of Technology, Kurnool, Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapur during
the year 2022-2023 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering.

PROJECT GUIDE HOD

Dr.B.MAHESH Dr.C.Mohammed Gulzar

Assoc. Professor Assoc. Professor

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my privilege and pleasure to express my profound sense of respect, gratitude and

indebtedness to my guide, Dr.B.MAHESH, M.Tech, Ph.D Associate Professor, Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, Dr. K.V. Subba Reddy Institute of Technology, for his
indefatigable inspiration, guidance, cogent discussion and encouragement throughout this
seminar report.

I express my sincere gratitude to Dr.C.Mohammed Gulzar, M.Tech., Ph.D, Associate Professor

& HOD, Department of CSE, Dr. K.V. Subba Reddy Institute of Technology, for his
precious suggestions, motivation and co-operation for the successful completion of this
seminar report.

I extend my sincere thanks to Dr. J.Kanna Kumar, Principal, Dr. K.V. Subba
Reddy Institute of Technology, for his encouragement and constant help.

This Acknowledgement will be incomplete without mentioning my sincere

gratefulness to our honorable Chairman Dr. K.V. Subba Reddy Garu, who has been
observed posing valiance in abundance, forwarding my individuality to acknowledge my
seminar report tendentiously.

Last but not least, I wish to acknowledge my friends and family members for giving
moral strength and helping me to complete this project report.

BY
SHAIK MOHAMMED ISMAIL (19FH1A0557)
V. KRISHNA VAMSI (19FH1A0559)
V. SURENDRA (19FH1A0560)

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 AUTOMATED DOOR BELL SYSTEM

INDEX
CHAPTERS PAGE
NO
Abstract 1

1. Introduction 2
1.1 Overview
1.2 IOT concepts an definitions for the project
1.3 IOT application in security and automation
1.4 Benefits of iot in security
1.5 IOT and automation current scenario and future
forecasts
5
2. Project Overview
2.1 D EFIN ITION S and A U TOM ATIC D OOR
BELL
6
3. System Overview
3.1 HARDWARE TOOLS
4. System Hardware 7
4.1 Arduino Uno
4.2 Sensors
4 .3 Po wer Sup ply
10
5. System Software
5.1 A bout A rdui no ID E/ Raspbi an
6. Programming 12
7. Algorithms 13

8. Results 14
9. Conclusion and future scope 15

10. Bibliography 17

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 Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has greatly impacted the field of home automation, enabling
devices to communicate and interact with each other through the internet. An automatic
doorbell system is a device that is designed to alert a homeowner or occupant of a
building when someone approaches the door. It typically consists of a sensor that is
mounted near the door and a notification system that can alert the homeowner or
occupant through a sound, light, or other signal.

The main advantage of an automatic doorbell system is that it allows the homeowner or
occupant to be alerted to the presence of a visitor without having to constantly monitor
the door. This can be especially useful for individuals who may have mobility issues or
who are otherwise unable to easily get to the door to answer it.

Automatic doorbell systems can be triggered by various types of sensors, such as motion
sensors, infrared sensors, or pressure sensors. They can also be activated by other inputs,
such as a door or window opening, or a button being pressed.

In addition to providing a convenient way to alert homeowners or occupants to the

presence of visitors, automatic doorbell systems can also enhance security by alerting
homeowners or occupants to potential threats or intrusions. They can also be integrated
with other security systems, such as surveillance cameras or alarm systems, to provide an
additional layer of protection.

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 Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Overview

Doorbells are usual signaling devices used to alert the person inside the
building to open the door as someone has arrived. Classic doorbells can be seen in
every house now a days, which uses simple button and when that button is pressed the
bell rings. The doorbell which we are going to make is different from that. We will
make a doorbell which is automatic, i.e. it will detect someone in front of it and then it
will ring. We will be using a very simple circuit to implement this project. This
project can be really beneficial because it’s not always the case that a person can
reach the doorbell, so it would be nice if it rings automatically after detecting the
person. Also, there is a flexibility that you can adjust the distance according to you by
doing some changes in the code you are using to drive the doorbell.

We will be using ultrasonic sensor to detect the person and then give the alert using
a buzzer. As we know that ultrasonic sensors are used for distance measurement
without physical contact for small distances. So it’s the best thing to use ultrasonic
sensor for detecting object.

1.2 IOT concepts an definitions for the project

IoT (Internet of Things): The IoT refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles,
buildings, and other objects that are embedded with sensors, software, and network
connectivity, enabling them to collect and exchange data.
Ultrasonic sensor: An ultrasonic sensor is a device that uses ultrasonic waves to detect
the presence of an object or measure the distance of an object.

Home automation: Home automation refers to the use of technology to automate and
control various aspects of a home, such as lighting, heating, and security.

1.3 IOT application in security and automation

IoT has numerous applications in the field of security and automation. Some examples
include:
1. Smart security systems: IoT enabled security systems can use sensors, cameras, and
other devices to detect and alert homeowners of any potential threats or intrusions.

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 2. Automatic door bell: IoT enabled door bell can be controlled remotely and can be
programmed to unlock and buzzer automatically based on certain conditions, such as
the presence of a person.
3. Smart lighting: IoT enabled lighting systems can be controlled remotely and can be
programmed to turn on and off automatically based on certain conditions, such as the
presence of a person or the time of day.
4. Smart thermostats: IoT enabled thermostats can be controlled remotely and can be
programmed to adjust the temperature of a home based on certain conditions, such as
the presence of a person or the time of day.
5. Smart appliances: IoT enabled appliances, such as refrigerators, washing machines,
and dryers, can be controlled remotely and can be programmed to perform certain
tasks automatically.

1.4 Benefits of iot in security

There are several benefits of using IoT in security systems:

1. Improved security: IoT enabled security systems can use sensors, cameras, and other
devices to detect and alert homeowners of any potential threats or intrusions. This can
help to prevent burglaries, break-ins, and other security breaches.
2. Remote monitoring and control: IoT enabled security systems can be accessed and
controlled remotely through a smartphone or other device, allowing homeowners to
monitor and control their security systems from anywhere.
3. Automation: IoT enabled security systems can be programmed to perform certain
tasks automatically, such as unlocking and locking doors or activating and
deactivating alarms. This can save homeowners time and effort.
4. Increased convenience: IoT enabled security systems can be customized to suit the
needs and preferences of homeowners, providing added convenience and ease of use.
5. Cost savings: IoT enabled security systems can help to reduce energy consumption
and operating costs, resulting in cost savings for homeowners.

Overall, the use of IoT in security systems can provide added security, convenience, and
cost savings to homeowners.

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 1.5 IOT AND AUTOMATION CURRENT SCENARIO AND FUTURE
FORECASTS

The current scenario of IoT and automation is one of rapid growth and expansion.
According to a report by MarketsandMarkets, the global market for IoT and automation
is expected to grow from $222.9 billion in 2019 to $746.8 billion by 2024, at a CAGR of
27.7%.
One of the main drivers of this growth is the increasing adoption of IoT enabled devices
and systems in various industries, such as healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, and
agriculture. In addition, the growing demand for smart cities, smart homes, and
connected devices is also contributing to the growth of the IoT and automation market.
In the future, it is expected that the use of IoT and automation will become even more
prevalent as more and more devices and systems become connected and integrated with
each other. It is also expected that the development of new technologies, such as
artificial intelligence and machine learning, will further enhance the capabilities of IoT
and automation systems.
Overall, the future forecast for IoT and automation is one of continued growth and
expansion, with the potential to significantly impact and transform various industries and
sectors.

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 CHAPTER 2: PROJECT OVERVIEW

The Internet of Things (IoT) has greatly impacted the field of home
automation, enabling devices to communicate and interact with each other through
the internet. An automatic doorbell system is a device that is designed to alert a
homeowner or occupant of a building when someone approaches the door. It
typically consists of a sensor that is mounted near the door and a notification system
that can alert the homeowner or occupant through a sound, light, or other signal.

Also, there is a flexibility that you can adjust the distance according to
you by doing some changes in the code you are using to drive the doorbell.

We will be using ultrasonic sensor to detect the person and then give the alert
using a buzzer. As we know that ultrasonic sensors are used for distance
measurement without physical contact for small distances. So it’s the best thing to
use ultrasonic sensor for detecting object.

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 CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM OVERVIEW

3.1 HARDWARE TOOLS

The following hardware tools were used in the project:

1. Sensors: Sensors, such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and motion sensors,
can be used to collect data and send it to the microcontroller for processing.
2. Wires and connectors: These were used to connect the various components of the
system.
3. Power supply: This was used to provide power to the system.
4. Soldering iron: This was used to make connections between the components of the
system.
5. Screwdriver: This was used to install and secure the components of the system.
6. Leds (light emitting diodes) can also be used in an IoT project. Leds are small, low-
power electronic devices that emit light when current is passed through them. They can
be used to indicate the status of a system or to provide visual feedback to the user
7. Potentiometers: Potentiometers are variable resistors that can be used to adjust the
resistance in a circuit.
8. Enclosures: Enclosures can be used to protect the components of the system and to
make the system more aesthetically pleasing.
9. Labels: Labels can be used to identify the various components of the system and to
make it easier to understand how the system works.
10. Soldering iron and solder: These tools can be used to make connections between
components, such as sensors and microcontrollers, more permanent and reliable.

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 CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM HARDWARE

4.1 ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 microcontroller. It

is commonly used in IoT projects due to its ease of use and versatility.

The Arduino Uno has a number of features that make it well suited for IoT projects:

1. Input/output (I/O) pins: The Arduino Uno has 14 digital I/O pins and 6 analog I/O
pins that can be used to connect sensors, actuators, and other devices to the board.
2. On-board USB interface: The Arduino Uno has an on-board USB interface that can
be used to connect the board to a computer for programming and data transfer.
3. Programming environment: The Arduino Uno comes with a free, open-source
programming environment that can be used to write, upload, and debug code for the
board.
4. Wide range of supported sensors and actuators: The Arduino Uno is compatible
with a wide range of sensors and actuators, making it easy to expand the capabilities
of the system.
5. Compact size: The Arduino Uno is small and lightweight, making it easy to integrate
into a variety of applications.

Overall, the Arduino Uno is a popular and reliable choice for IoT projects due to its
versatility, ease of use, and wide range of supported sensors and actuators.

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 4.2 SENSORS

4.21 HC-SR04

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor is commonly used in IoT projects due to its low cost,
reliability, and ease of use. It consists of a transmitter and a receiver that send and
receive ultrasonic waves, respectively. The sensor measures the time it takes for the
waves to bounce back and calculates the distance of an object based on this time.
The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor has a range of 2 cm to 400 cm, making it suitable for
detecting objects at a variety of distances. It also has a relatively low power
consumption, making it suitable for use in battery-powered systems.
In addition, the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor is compatible with a wide range of
microcontrollers, including the Arduino, making it easy to integrate into a variety of IoT
projects.
Overall, the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor is a reliable and cost-effective choice for
detecting objects at a distance in IoT projects.

4.3 Buzzer

The buzzer used here is a 5V passive buzzer. It is a piezoelectric buzzer. A

piezoelectric buzzer works on piezoelectric principle i.e. whenever a potential
difference is applied across a piezoelectric material, then a pressure variation is
generated. This type of buzzer have two piezo crystals and they are connected with
two conductors. Now, if we apply a potential difference across these crystals then

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 they push one conductor and pull another. This push and pull causes vibrations which
in turn produces sound. This type of buzzers can produce typically a sound of 2kHz to
4kHz. These buzzers can be used for alarms, alerts etc. These buzzers can be easily
connected with microcontrollers like Arduino, Raspberry pi. You can also set the
frequency for the sound you want to produce with the buzzer by using some functions
in the code.

4.4 POWER SUPPLY

The power supply is an essential component of the automated door lock system as it
provides the necessary power to operate the system. There are a number of different
types of power supplies that can be used in an IoT project, including:

4.4.1 EXTERNAL AC ADAPER

A 12V AC adapter can also be

considered as a component in the
circuit for external power supply for
the circuit which enabled the circuit to be switched ‘ON’ in case if the battery power is
very low for use. The adapter can directly act as an AC/DC convertor to provide pure DC
current externally to the circuit.

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 CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM SOFTWARE

5.1 About Arduino IDE

The Arduino IDE is an open-source software, which is used to write and upload
code to the Arduino boards. The IDE application is suitable for different operating
systems such as Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. It supports the programming
languages C and C++. Here, IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment.

The program or code written in the Arduino IDE is often called as sketching. We
need to connect the Genuino and Arduino board with the IDE to upload the sketch
written in the Arduino IDE software. The sketch is saved with the extension '.ino.

 The Comment/ Decomment button is used to put or remove the comment mark (//) at
the beginning of the specified line.
 The Auto Format button is used to format the written code. For example, lining the
open and closed curly brackets in the code.
 The Upload button compiles and runs our code written on the screen. It further
uploads the code to the connected board. Before uploading the sketch, we need to make
sure that the correct board and ports are selected.

The Arduino IDE

will appear as:

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Toolbar Button

The icons displayed on the toolbar are New, Open, Save, Upload, and Verify.

It is shown below:

The terminal program should be connected to the COM port, which will be assigned
when we connect the board to the computer.

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 CHAPTER 6: PROGRAMMING
// defines pins numbers
const int trigPin = 9;
const int echoPin = 10;
const int buzzer = 11;
const int ledPin = 13;
// defines variables
long duration;
int distance;
int safetyDistance;
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication
}
void loop() {
// Clears the trigPin
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
// Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
// Calculating the distance
distance= duration*0.034/2;
safetyDistance = distance;
if (safetyDistance <= 5){
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
}
else{
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
}
// Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor
Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.println(distance);
}

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 CHAPTER 7 : ALGORITHMS AND FLOWCHART

7.1: ALGORITHMS

 STEP 1: START THE PROCESS

 STEP 2: SET UP THE SYSTEM
 STEP 3: CHECK FOR A HUMAN PRESENCE
 STEP 4: IF NOT PRESENT, DO NOTHING
 STEP 5: IF PRESENT THEN SEND SIGNAL BUZZER AND LED
 STEP 6: WAIT FOR 5 SECS TO LET THEM PASS
 STEP 7: REPEAT FROM STEP 3

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 CHAPTER 8: RESULTS

8.1 RESULTS SNAPSHOTS

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 CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

9.1 CONCLUSION

The automated door lock system is a useful and practical application of IoT in the field
of security and automation. It utilizes an ultrasonic sensor and a servo motor to detect the
presence of a person and unlock and lock the door accordingly. The system is controlled
by a microcontroller, which receives input from the ultrasonic sensor and activates the
servo motor based on the distance of the person.
The use of IoT in the automated door lock system provides several benefits, including
improved security, remote monitoring and control, automation, increased convenience,
and cost savings. It also has the potential to be expanded and integrated with other
devices and systems to provide even more functionality and convenience.
Overall, the automated door lock system is a successful example of the application of
IoT in security and automation, and it has the potential to be applied in a variety of other
contexts and applications.
9.2 FUTURE SCOPE

There is potential for the automated door lock system to be expanded and improved in a
number of ways.
Face recognition is a technology that uses artificial intelligence (AI) and machine
learning algorithms to identify and recognize individuals based on their facial features. It
is commonly used in a variety of applications, including security, surveillance, and
identification.
In the context of the automated door lock system, face recognition could be used to
improve the security and convenience of the system. Instead of relying on the distance
detected by the ultrasonic sensor to determine when to unlock the door, the system could
use face recognition to identify authorized users and unlock the door only for them.
To implement face recognition in the automated door lock system, a face recognition
module would need to be added to the system. This module would consist of a camera
and AI software that is trained to recognize and identify specific individuals. When a
person approaches the door, the camera would capture an image of their face and send
it to the AI software for processing. If the software determines that the person is an
authorized user, it would send a signal to the microcontroller to unlock the door.

Some other potential future developments for the project include:

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 1. Integration with other devices and systems: The automated door lock system could be
integrated with other devices and systems, such as security cameras, smart
thermostats, and smart lighting, to provide a more comprehensive and convenient
security and automation solution.
2. Automatic unlocking based on biometric data: The system could be programmed to
unlock the door automatically based on biometric data, such as a fingerprint or facial
recognition, rather than relying on the distance detected by the ultrasonic sensor.
3. Customization and personalization: The system could be customized and personalized
to suit the needs and preferences of individual users, such as allowing certain users to
unlock the door at any time while restricting access for others.
4. Remote access and control: The system could be accessed and controlled remotely
through a smartphone or other device, allowing users to unlock and lock the door
from anywhere.

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 CHAPTER 10: BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. https//:www.researchgate.net
2. https//:www.wikipedia.org
3. https//:www.rapidonline.com
4. https//:www.schematics.com
5. https//:www.batteryuniversity.com
6. https//:www.thingspeak.com
7. https//:www.youtube.com

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