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Problems Encountered By The…|1
CHAPTER 1
The Problem and its Setting
Introduction
The nation's future is seen as being in the hands of its children. Children must be
looked for and shielded from danger and injury in society. But as time passes, individuals
become more likely to commit crimes, usually small ones that are against the law. The
main causes of youngsters committing crimes include lack of parental direction, poverty,
peer pressure, and, regrettably, adult exploitation.
According to United States (2018), carried out in the recent years, it has been seen
that youth is getting involved in crimes. When a young person is involved in a criminal
case, he becomes a juvenile delinquent. He enters the age of criminal responsibility
where he is being considered responsible for a crime. When a child is minor and has not
reached the age of criminal responsibility, they cannot be charged with a juvenile crime.
But when the child is not a minor, he can be certainly charged with a criminal offense.
It's necessary that we recognize that a child does not inherently possess criminal
tendencies. Juvenile crime always has several contributing circumstances that put them in
risky situations. The most frequent youth crimes include misbehavior, burglary, and
criminal mischief. Early intervention is essential and in order to avoid juvenile
criminality, its underlying reasons must first be fully comprehended. A child may commit
crime for a variety of reasons. To effectively combat juvenile criminality, one must first
comprehend the social, political, and environmental factors that have a significant impact
on it.
There are several reasons why young children become delinquent. One of the
reasons some innocent children commit or persuaded into committing such an unlawful
activity is peer pressure.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, several changes are experienced by young
children as they approach puberty. In that reason children felt a sudden desire to be
independent and pursue their own interests. They want approval and acceptance from
their friends and peers. In a desire to join in and gain the approval of their peers, they
submit to peer pressure. Peer pressure has both positive and negative impacts. Most
teenagers believe that peer pressure is a main factor in their engagement in risky
behaviors like, theft, drug or alcohol abuse, teen sex, gang membership, and criminal
activity.
In addition the lack of education is one of the factor that affects the behavior of
children wherein they commit crimes beyond their own understanding. Children who
neglect their education and engage in recreational activities are more likely to be unaware
of significant parts of life. School and home are place where a child is being teach about
life and education and if they disregard the teachings they remain uneducated.
Moreover, children that were neglected by their parents tends to become careless
with their academics, house chores, diet routine and overall physical appearance. When
parents do not pay any attention to their child’s personal and social development of their
teens, the children assume that they have become independent and take up the most
important decisions of their lives on their own. Poor socioeconomic status can also
become a contributing factor to juvenile crime, urging teens for burglary. United States
(2018)
According to the National Crimes Records Bureau Report (2015) in India, Since
2005, the rate of criminality among juveniles in dispute with the law has climbed from
1.7 to 2.5 percent. During 2015 the number of cases filed under the Indian Penal Code
against juveniles in violation of the law increased by 0.8 percent. In 2015, 33,526
instances of juveniles in defiance of the law were filed. In 2005, there were 18,939
instances reported.
As a result, the Philippine National Police (PNP) and Department of Social
Welfare and Development (DSWD) are extremely important in handling cases like this
where minors are directly implicated in the crime.
The executive branch of the government, the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD), is in charge of defending the rights of all Filipinos residing in the
Philippines. Promoting social development that attempts to enhance the environment as a
whole, as well as children's rights. The government organization is often in charge of
addressing situations involving children in conflict with the law (CICL). In all situations,
DSWD staff use case management as a framework and are led by the following case
management procedure: identification of the CICL case problem, data gathering,
diagnostic assessment, treatment plan, monitoring and evaluation, case termination, and
after care service to the child who participated in the treatment program.
On the other hand, the PNP's Women and Children Protection Desk is a division
that investigates each case that the DSWD sends their way and conducts social rescue
operations to save children who are in legal trouble.

Children in Conflict with the Law are defined as anyone under the age of 18 who
interacts with the legal system as a result of being suspected or charged with committing
a crime while still a child (CICL). Most often, minors are exploited as tools for small-
time crimes that adults forced and manipulated them into committing.
According to the Crime Incident and Reporting System of the Philippine National
Police Directorate for Intelligence and Investigative Management (2019), the number of
CICL cases in the Philippines is currently alarming a total of 11,324 crime incidents
involving minors were recorded in 2018, down 21% from the total of 14,409 incidents of
children in conflict with the law in 2017.
Furthermore, in Gapan City the crime rate of juvenile delinquents since January
2022 have reach 8% as total of the whole population. Most of the crime committed by the
youth offender is drugs, theft, motor napping and rape. The City Social and Welfare
Development is suffering from the lack of shelter or facility due to the increasing arrest
of youth offender. As parents becomes uncooperative and tends to leave their child in the
office of CSWD.
In addition, from the previous interview conducted by the researches from the
places where the study was conducted they all have the same problems encountered when
they are handling CICL cases. Vicente (2022), in particular the lack of shelter is the
number one problem for them and they still need to wait for signal before transferring the
child into the center. In this particular problem, the personnel also need to explain the
situation to the parents/guardian of the child and make them understand that their child
will be transfer to other places wherein the centers are. Another is the lack of personnel in
handling CICL cases, as the crimes involving children are increasing so as the paper
works. The personnel suffers from being too stressed and experience health problems
because of increasing cases involving CICL.
Furthermore, in the statement of one personnel from the interview conducted
Vicente (2022) states that the government should allow an additional personnel in
handling CICL cases. In order to work efficiently since the cases involving CICL are
increasing. In that way the case can be process faster and meet the required date of such
reports to avoid the delay of prosecution of the cases due to the slow process of paper
works and reports. Another is that the government must fund the facilities and centers for
each places for the security and safety of the children. In order for the PNP personnel not
to put the child in jail together with other criminals.
It is of utmost importance that the PNP and DSWD agencies who are responsible
to all children be placed in proper care systems or detention facilities to ensure protection
from any forms of violence. The researchers believe that children in conflict with the law
have the right to treatment through rehabilitation to promote a sense of dignity and worth,
for his/her reintegration to the community. The PNP and DSWD personnel take charge to
implement protection, addressing the issues and rehabilitate the CICL. But along with the
functions of two departments they are experiencing a problems in handling CICL cases. It
is for this reason that the researchers pursue this study to be able to determine the
Problems encountered by the Personnel in handling CICL cases in selected Cities and
Municipalities and how they deal with problems encountered. Further, this would help
the PNP and DSWD Personnel to be prepared in dealing with problems encountered that
might happen in the future.

Setting of the Study
Gapan, is a fourth-class component city in the province of Nueva Ecija which
currently has a population of 122,968 citizens, according to the 2020 census. Gapan
achieved cityhood in 2001 and remains is the oldest town in Nueva Ecija. Today, the
pueblo is currently subdivided into 23 barangays comprising the city with a total land
area of 18,568 hectares. Barangay Macabaklay has the biggest land area with 4,506
hectares.
Gapan is nicknamed the “Footwear Capital of the North” because of the
succeeding footwear-making industry within the city. Because of this, Gapan celebrates
the annual Tsinelas Festival every August annually to showcase the creativity of Novo
Ecijanos in their craft and livelihood.
Bayanihan is a barangay in the city of Gapan, in the province of Nueva Ecija. Its
population as determined by the 2020 Census was 5,504. This represented 4.48% of the
total population of Gapan.
San Jose, officially known as the City of San Jose, is a 3rd class component city
in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The city has a land area of 185.99 square
kilometers or 71.81 square miles which constitutes 3.27% of Nueva Ecija's total area. Its
population as determined by the 2020 Census was 150,917. This represented 6.53% of
the total population of Nueva Ecija province, or 1.21% of the overall population of the
Central Luzon region. With its wide plains, agriculture is the main source of livelihood in
the city. It is part of the rice granary of the Philippines. Besides rice, the city also
produces vegetables, fruits, and onions. It is now a leading producer of onions in the
country.
The town got its name after Saint Joseph, the patron saint of the place. San Jose is
notable for its innovation, cultural diversity, affluence, and sunny and mild
Mediterranean climate. Its connection to the booming high tech industry phenomenon
known as Silicon Valley sparked Mayor Tom McEnery to adopt the city the motto of
"Capital of Silicon Valley" in 1988.
Santo Niño 1st is a barangay in the city of San Jose, in the province of Nueva
Ecija. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 7,294. This represented
4.83% of the total population of San Jose.
Talavera, officially the Municipality of Talavera, is a 1st class municipality in the
province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the PSA Census of Housing and
Population for 2020, it has a population of 132,388. Talavera is part of Cabanatuan
conurbation as adjacent urban center in the heart of Nueva Ecija. Talavera is politically
subdivided into 53 barangays. It is dubbed as the "Milk Capital" and "Food basket in
Inland Luzon".
According to the National Competitiveness Council in Cities/Municipalities
Competitiveness Index, during the past years, Talavera maintained their rankings as one
of the most competitive municipalities in the Philippines.
It is bordered by Cabanatuan, Llanera, Muñoz, Aliaga, General Mamerto
Natividad, Santo Domingo and San Jose.

Quezon Street Pag-asa District in the municioality of Talavera, in the province of
Nueva Ecija. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 1,302. This
represented 0.98% of the total population of the Talavera.
Science City of Munoz, is a 4th class component city in the province of Nueva
Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 84, 308 people. It
is known for only the first and only Science City in the Philippines with several research
and development (R&D) institutions on agricultural science and technology.
Santo Domingo is the 3rd class municipality in Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
According to the 2020 census it has a population of 61,092. Santo Domingo is famous for
its scenic agricultural landscape amid its Philippine duck raising industry.
Figure 1. Map of the Setting of the Study

P r o b l e m s E n c o u n t e r e d B y T h e … | 10
Figure 1.1 Map of the Setting of the Study

Figure 1.2 Map of the Setting of the Study

Figure 1.3. Map of the Setting of the Study

Figure 1.4. Map of the Setting of the Study

Conceptual Framework
This study determined the “Problems Encountered by the Personnel in handling
CICL cases in selected Cities and Municipalities in Nueva Ecija”. The PNP and DSWD
agencies who were responsible for handling CICL or child in conflict with law and
experienced different problems during their duty. The PNP Personnel provide aid to
verify or authenticate reports and conduct search and rescue operations of missing
children, whereas the DSWD Personnel is responsible for giving temporary shelter for
the victims, counselling, rehabilitation programs and livelihood assistance.
Despite the serious problems encountered while performing their job, the
personnel were doing their best to overcome these different types of problems
encountered by providing techniques and programs for them.
To further discuss the conceptual framework of the study, figure 2 presented the
paradigm of the study. The inputs consist of the demographic profile of the respondents,
the problems encountered by the respondents and how do the respondent deals with the
problems encountered in handling CICL case. The process of the data gathered from
these variables that came from the distribution of survey questionnaire checklist,
collection of data, tabulation of data, statistical treatment, evaluation of data,
interpretation of data and presentation of results. The output of this study was proposed
action plan.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
• Profile of the
respondents. • Distribution of
Survey
Questionnaire
• Problems • Collection of
encountered by Recommendation to
Data
the local government
the respondents • Statistical
to support/provide
in handling Treatment
solution to address
CICL cases. • Evaluation of
the problems
Data
encountered by the
• Tabulation of
PNP and DSWD
• Measures on Data
personnel in
how the • Analysis of handling CICL
respondents Data cases.
deal with the • Interpretation of
problems Data
encountered in • Presentation of
handling CICL results
cases.
FEEDBACK
Figure 2. Paradigm of the study

Statement of the Problem
The study assessed the Problems encountered by the DSWD personnel in
handling CICL Cases in selected Cities and Municipalities in Nueva Ecija;
Specifically it sought to answer the following sub-problems:
1. How may the socio-demographic profile of the respondents be described in
terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 Civil Status;
1.4 Educational Attainment; and
1.5 Years in service?
2. What are the problems encountered by the respondents in handling CICL
cases?
3. How do the respondent deals with the problems encountered in handling
CICL cases?
4. From the findings of the study, what action plan may be propose to handle the
CICL cases effectively?

Significance of the study
This study entitled “Problems Encountered by the Personnel in handling CICL
cases in selected Cities and Municipalities in Nueva Ecija” is important to the following:
Community – The results of this study would be beneficial to community, once the
problems encountered was identified and provide ways in dealing with CICL cases it
could lessen the chance of the children to violate the law.
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) - The result of the study
serve as additional knowledge to the department and gives out recommendation to the
Personnel to improve their performance in providing shelter and programs for the
betterment of those children who are in conflict with the law despite of encountering a
problems in dealing with CICL cases.
Philippine National Police (PNP) - The result of the study can give them additional
information on how they are going to adapt the new methods in handling the Child in
Conflict with the Law (CICL).
Children in Conflict with the Law - The result of the study will give them insight as to
how the PNP and DSWD will handle them despite of encountering problems and provide
mechanism for them to improve their life in the future.
Criminology Students - The result of this study will serve as reading material to be more
knowledgeable regarding the problems encountered by the PNP and DSWD in handling
CICL cases. This will raise students’ awareness with regards to their role in the
community as future parents to their children.

Parents - The result of this study will make them realize that proper guidance is needed
to the development of children and they should not neglect their child but rather correct
them from their wrongdoings at an early age.
Future Researchers – The result this study will serve as a good reference for those who
would like to study something related to CICL cases.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study determined the Problems Encountered by the Personnel in handling
CICL cases in selected Cities and Municipalities in Nueva Ecija. The study was
conducted in Gapan City, specifically located at Bayanihan, wherein the respondent’s
office is located. While the respondent’s office in San Jose City is located at Brgy. Santo
Nino 1st. In Talavera the office of the respondents is located at Quezon Street Pag-asa
District. Wherein the office of respondent’s in Science City of Munoz is located at Tobias
St. Poblacion West. Lastly the office of respondents in Sto. Domingo is located in Brgy.
Sagoba. The respondents was consisted of two (2) groups wherein there are twenty (20)
PNP Personnel and eight (8) DSWD Personnel
A questionnaire checklist was the main tool in data gathering. The study will be
limited only to the profile of respondents, the problems encountered by the respondents
and how do the respondent deals with the problems encountered in handling CICL case.
The study was conducted for a period of two (2) academic semesters from August
2022 to March 2023.

Definition of Terms
For better understanding of the study, the following terms are defined
operationally.
Children - It refer to a person below eighteen (18) years of age.
Children in conflict with the law- It refers to anyone under 18 years of age who comes
into contact with the justice system as a result of being suspected or accused of
committing an offense.
Conflict – It refers to a disagreement between the behavior of the children that leads to
them to commit an offense.
Department of Social Welfare and Development -It refers to a primary government
agency mandated to develop, implement, and coordinate social protection and poverty
reduction solution for and with the poor, vulnerable, and disadvantaged.
DSWD Personnel – It refer to a person under Department of Social Welfare and
Development who has directly a knowledge and responsibility to the protection of CICL.
Intervention – It refers to action taken to improve a situation of the safety of children by
the DSWD that address issues that caused the children to commit an offense.
Juvenile Crime - It refers to individual under the age of 18 who commit these crimes can
be punished under juvenile law. It includes vandalism and graffiti charges, shoplifting
and other petty theft charges, simple assault, underage drinking violations, etc.
Offense – It refers to any act or omission punishable under special laws or the Revised
Penal Code. As amended.

Women and Children Protection Desk – It refers to a division of PNP that handles
children in conflict with the law.
Investigation Unit – It refers to a division of PNP that investigate and monitor the
progress of cases involving crimes defined under special penal laws.
CICL – It refers to the Children in Conflict with the Law, who is alleged as, accused of,
or adjudged as, having committed an offense under Philippine laws.
WCPD – It refers to the Women and Children’s Protection Desk, a division of the PNP
that checks the validity of every cases forwarded to them and perform social rescue
operations to save children in conflict with the law.
DSWD – It refers to the Department of Social Welfare and Development, the government
agency who is usually in charge to formulate rules and guidelines that should be followed
during the diversion proceedings for CICL who acted with discernment.
LGU – It refers to the Local Government Unit, it was established by political processes
who shared programs, plans, stories and challenges towards addressing the rights of
children in conflict with the law.
CSWDO – It refers to the City Social Welfare Development Office, the office that deals
with problems involving social affairs within a certain city.
MSWDO – It refers to the Municipal Social Welfare Development Office, the office that
deals with problems involving social affairs within a certain municipal.

CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literatures and Studies
This chapter contains all the related literature and studies both foreign and local as
the result of in-depth and thorough research of the researchers. The following are all
related and relevant to the study, most of the review of related literature and studies are
extracted from a certain published materials, unpublished materials and electronics.
Foreign Literature
According to Grench (2021), in New York City, youth detention centers are
experiencing a staffing “crisis within a crisis” as overworked guards try to keep an aging
and increasing listless population under control. As the city’s child welfare department
struggles to maintain a personnel dealing with injuries and exhaustion, youth advocates
and union leaders are asking for more staff and structure in the detention centers. Only
401 of the required 850 so-called Youth Development Specialists were working as of
Monday, according to the Administration for Children’s Services. This is due to the fact
that approximately 250 positions have remained vacant, more than 200 specialists are on
absence due to worker’s compensation or other reasons. Outside of their rooms, social
workers and children desire more and better “programming,” which includes educational
courses, career training, therapeutic work, and physical activities. Meanwhile, union
members are encouraging the city to hire hundreds of workers who were promised for
years. Both agencies believe that providing greater social and intellectual stimulation to
juvenile detainees-which would require more staff-would help reduce violence and foster
a healthier environment. Staff claim that older detainees are physically more difficult to
control and can have a negative influence on younger children, which provides a
problem.
As mentioned by Muyobela and Strydom (2017) it was discovered that social
welfare officers encounter a variety of problems that obstruct service delivery when it
comes to the rehabilitation of young offenders. These issues arose primarily within the
organization, and they were intertwined and impacted one another. In the field of child
justice, a lack of people power has a significant impact on service delivery. There appears
to be a shortage of both social welfare officials and other assistance specialists, making
this a two-fold problem.
Another issue was some social welfare officers; lack of understanding,
particularly in regards to the poor quality of their reports. There also appears to be a lack
of understanding on how to apply social work theory to program design, as the majority
of the participants were only familiar with restorative justice theory. Many of the
participants had never heard of systems theory or the strengths viewpoint, and only a tiny
percentage had ever used the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model of offender rehabilitation in
child justice programs. Muyobela (2017) They’ve also never used any theories other than
those given in the interview. The lack of information was not addressed on a large scale
since the social welfare department did not perform any training or capacity building.
To foster continuing professional growth, ministries should encourage social
welfare officers to attend training sessions. To improve their knowledge of acceptable
views, theories, and models pertinent to the rehabilitation of young offenders, social
welfare officials should attend career development workshops. Lack of social work
understanding could be due to a lack of social work training, limiting service providers;
ability to properly rehabilitate children. To close the gap in the social work profession,
the government must encourage more persons to train as social workers. To ensure that
child justice services are provided by officers with the proper social work knowledge and
abilities, only social workers who are registered with a national professional body should
be authorized to practice.
Furthermore, another concern is that the majority of the participants said they had
never seen the National Child Policy and hence were unaware of its provisions. The
National Child Policy (NCP) is Zambia’s major policy for dealing with child justice
issues. In addition, it appears that the document’s contents do not address issues of child
justice. Social welfare officers must be familiar with the policies that regulate their line of
work, and the government must make the policy available to all stakeholders that provide
child justice services. Social welfare officials were working out of offices that were not
equipped to provide the services required by the Child Welfare Act, jeopardizing privacy
and confidentiality. The social welfare department should make certain that social
welfare officers work in offices that allow them to provide the best possible child justice
service. National Child Policy (2015 – 2021)
One of the most common issues faced by Personnel was anti-social and deviant
behavior among juvenile offenders. Institutions must offer enough security to guarantee
that minor offenders are kept inside the walls of the penitentiary, as access to alcohol and
other intoxicating substances can lead to anti-social behavior and attitude issues. To
guarantee that the diverse needs of offenders are satisfied, substance abuse programs
should be strengthened, and there should be a balance in the provision of education and
behavioral modification programs.

According to Kunarso (2020), every child is a vital foundation, and the future
would never be achieved without children. The quality of a nation’s future is strongly
influenced by how well it treats and protects the children. Children are in a very
vulnerable position, and it is even possible to say that they are on the verge of losing their
capacity to develop as children. The government must establish a National Movement for
Child Protection with the aim of safeguarding, overcoming, and eliminating abandoned
or street children, as well as rehabilitating children who have been victims of violence,
exploitation, neglect, and other forms of abuse. Preparing children for the future involves
providing them with more up-to-date educational information. The benefits of today’s
education would not be felt for another ten, twenty, or thirty years. It is important to
remember when raising and nurturing children that they will grow up in a different
period. The rule of law is prioritized, along with an understanding of social facts related
to the application of standards in positive law. Protection is provided through activities
aimed at preventing further destruction of human dignity, instilling a sense of security,
and safeguarding against abuse and mistreatment.
Juvenile Justice Act 2000 (amended act 2006), the only beneficial legislation for
the children in India provides widely to two categories of children; children who have
committed crimes and children who are in need of care and protection. In order to deal
with children in need of care and protection and children in conflict with law the JJ Act
2000 has authorized the constitution of two competent authorities. The Child Welfare
Committee (CWC) for children in need of care and protection (Section29) and the
Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) for children in conflict with law. (Section 4). CWC is the
sole authority constituted to deal with cases concerning children in need of care and
protection for each district. The Child Welfare Committee (CWC) is the final authority to
dispose of cases pertaining to the care, protection, treatment, development and
rehabilitation of the children as well as to provide for their basic needs and safeguarding
their human rights. The CWC does play an important role in supplying the needs of the
children in conflict with law. The JJB is an authority constituted to deal with matters,
concerning children who have committed crimes for each district or group of districts.
The Act under Section 63 provides that the Police Officers with satisfactory skill
and appropriate training and orientation, be designated as a Juvenile or Child Welfare
Officer, to handle the juvenile in coordination with the local Police. They always keep in
mind that a juvenile in conflict with law or a child in need of care and protection, is
required to be handled gently.
In order to achieve the prime objective of the Juvenile Justice Act of India, the
State Government is required to provide all the support systems to ensure that the
Juvenile Justice Board functions effectively. The State Government is under the
obligation to provide logistic support to ensure all the provisions are enforced in its true
spirit. It is not possible with the sole participation of the Government to enforce the Act
in its true spirit. The functioning of all the stakeholders revolves around the infrastructure
and facilities. Provided by the State Government.
(https://www.childlineindia.org/a/issues/conflict-with-iaw)
Local Literature
Republic Act No. 9344, an act establishing a Comprehensive Juvenile Justice and
Welfare System, created the Juvenile Justice and Welfare under the Department of
Justice.
This Act shall be known as the “Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006.” It
shall cover the different stages involving children at risk and children in conflict with the
law from prevention to rehabilitation and reintegration.
Based on Section 20 of this act states that if the child taken into custody is fifteen
(15) years old or below, theauthority which will have an initial contact with the child has
the duty to immediately release the child to the custody of his/her parents or guardian, or
in the absence thereof, the child’s nearest relative. Said authority shall give notice to the
local social welfare and development officer who will determine the appropriate
programs in consultation with the child and to the person having custody over the child.
If the parents, guardians or nearest relatives cannot be located, or if they refuse to take
custody, the child may be released to any of the following: a duly registered non-
governmental or religious organization; a barangay official or a member of the Barangay
Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC); a local social welfare and development
officer, or when and where appropriate, the DSWD. If the child referred to herein has
been found by the Local Social Welfare and Development Office to be abandoned,
neglected or abused by his parents, or in the event that the parents will not comply with
the prevention program, the proper petition for involuntary commitment shall be filed by
the DSWD or the Local Social Welfare and Development Office pursuant to Presidential
Decree No. 603, otherwise, known as ;The Child and Youth Welfare;.
Section 44 in addition, stated the objective of Rehabilitation and Reintegration. –
The objective of rehabilitation and reintegration of children in conflict with the law is to
provide them with interventions, approaches and strategies that will enable them to
improve their social functioning with the end goal of reintegration to their families and as
productive members of their communities.
Moreover, Section 50 described the upkeep and maintenance of the Child in
Conflict with the Law. Parents or other responsible parties must pay for the care and
maintenance of a child in conflict with the law who is placed in an institution; however, if
they are unable to cover all or some of the costs, the municipality where the violation was
committed must cover one-third (1/3) of the costs, and the province to which the
municipality belongs must cover the remaining costs. Chartered cities are required to
cover two-thirds of these costs, and in the event that a chartered city is unable to do so, a
portion of the internal revenue allotments applicable to the unpaid portion must be
withheld and put toward the settlement of said obligations. However, if the child in
question is not a resident of the municipality or city where the offense was committed,
the court may, in its discretion, order the city/municipality to cover the costs. All
municipal and provincial governments must work to hasten the opening of regional
correctional facilities for youngsters who have broken the law.
Furthermore, Section 53 also discusses the function of youth rehabilitation center.
This rehabilitation center shall provide 24-hour group care, treatment and rehabilitation
services under the guidance of a trained staff where residents are cared for under a
structured therapeutic environment with the end view of reintegrating them in their
families and communities as socially functioning individuals. A quarterly report shall be

submitted by the center to the proper court on the progress of the children in conflict with
the law. Based on the progress of the youth in the center, a final report will be forwarded
to the court for final disposition of the case. The DSWD shall establish youth
rehabilitation centers in each region of the country.
Lastly, Section 56 discusses the after-Care Support Services for Children in
Conflict with the Law. – Children in conflict with the law whose cases have been
dismissed by the proper court because of good behavior as per recommendation of the
DSWD social worker and/or any accredited NGO youth rehabilitation center shall be
provided after-care services by the local social welfare and development officer for a
period of at least six (6) months. The service includes counseling and other community-
based services designed to facilitate social reintegration, prevent re-offending and make
the children productive members of the community.
On the other hand, Administrative Order No.10, in guidelines for Social Worker
in Handling and Treatment of children in conflict with the law (2007). Stated that, in all
CICL cases, the social workers shall make use of the case management as a framework
utilizing the Social Case Study Report (SCSR) as a tool. Thus, he/she shall be guided by
the following:
For identification of the problem, identifying should be the first task that a social
worker should do once she/he starts with the management of the CICL’s case. The social
workers main sources of information are the CICL and their parents or guardians.
In identifying the problem, the social worker must indicate the offense committed,
the circumstances leading to the commitment of the crime and the immediate result of the
crime to the CICL, his/her family and the community.
At the data gathering, the social worker shall gather relevant data which will
him/her understand fully the child’s needs. These data should include the child’s
historical background, his/her strength and weaknesses, values, plans, relationship with
the family and other individuals significant to him/her, ability to cope with problems or
stressful conditions and his/her behavior in the community or in the school.
The social worker must also identify the socio economic condition of the CICL’s
family, their values, relationship between and among family member, and the family
relationship with the community.
It is also necessary that the social worker should take into consideration the
community where the CICL and his/her family belong. Among the information that
he/she gather are the culture of the community which influence the child and his/her
family’s decision making and values in life, availability of basic social services existence
of support structures and the community’s reaction to the offense committed as well as its
readiness to accept the CICL.
For Diagnostic Assessment, based on the data gathered, the social worker shall
define the problem, it’s causes and effects, and why a certain type of intervention is
required, the CICL and his/her family’s motivation and capacity to utilize the help that
will be provided.
About the Treatment Plan, based on the assessment, the social worker shall
formulate a treatment plan in agreement with the CICL and his/her family or guardians,
indicating treatment goals, objectives, activities, strategies, person responsible, time
frame and expected output. The treatment plan may be modified in the course of
implementation when necessary.
In the Implementation of the Treatment Plan, the social worker shall implement
the treatment plan together with the child and his/her family, guardian or relative in
coordination with BCPC (Barangay Council for the Protection of Children) members,
other discipline or the center staff if the CICL is in institution.
For Monitoring and Evaluation, the progress of the CICL shall be monitored by
the social worker using the treatment plan as reference. The social worker shall also
evaluate whether or not the services provided respond to the needs of the child
On the Termination, if the evaluation points out the desired behavior or changes
in the CICL have been achieved and his/her parents have become fully capable of taking
care of the child, the C/MSWDO shall now terminate the relationship.
(Elemia, 2016) In the Philippines, another issue with the law’s application is the
use of shortcuts while dealing with CICL. Depending on the gravity of the offence, a
CICL aged 15 or younger shall be placed in the care of a law enforcement officer, who
will subsequently look for the child’s parent or guardian. The officer is required to
determine if the child’s safety will be jeopardized if he or she returns to their parents. If
the officer believes that the child has been abused or abandoned, the youngster must
participate in a diversion or intervention program. Counseling and education, among

other things, are used to help the child’s psychosocial development. This procedure is not
often followed, not only by barangay officers, but also by police and prosecutors. This
gap could be caused by a lack of information among local authorities, despite the fact that
countless capacity-building activities have already been held, a lack of enthusiasm, or
simply a simple overloading of social and barangay workers.
Foreign Studies
In the study conducted by Sichone, 2019 entitled “Social Workers on Child
Protection, in Conflict with Community Norms and Values: A Case Study of a
Community Based-Organisation in Malawi” The result of the study identified the issues
that social workers face when practicing child protection. Lack of enough resources,
disparities in how families raise children, blame on social workers if they move the child
elsewhere, and differences in properties between culture, tradition, and social work on
parenting children were among the issues identified during data collecting. According to
the findings, social workers must always follow processes and involve community
relation to earning the respect and understanding from the family of CICL.
According to the dissertation conducted by Jones, 2016 entitled “Challenges of
social workers giving mental health services to juveniles who have been incarcerated for
drug use” The study’s findings demonstrate that there aren’t enough social workers
working in the juvenile justice system; instead, it’s mostly cops and correctional officers.
Despite the fact that these professions are required, their skill set or expertise are not in
treatment. Another finding suggests that correctional officers should be better trained.
Correctional officers need more training on how to deal with children who have been
detained for drug use, whether or not they have a mental health problem.
Likewise with the study conducted by Susilowati, 2018 entitled “the knowledge
and skill of Social Workers in handling Children against Law (ABH) in Indonesia”, The
findings revealed that Social Workers’ knowledge and skills in carrying out duties related
to ABH still had certain restrictions, especially in the application of working skills with
ABH. The foregoing are the study’s recommendations: 1) Training and Education
Centers in ABH training for Social Workers must increase knowledge and skills about
social rehabilitation; 2) Children social workers must have regular discussions and
sharing on social care professionalism related to the handling of ABH.
Local Studies
In the study conducted by Padua, et al entitled “An evaluation of the rehabilitation
programs for child in with the law in the municipality of Naujan Oriental Mindoro” the
study revealed that non-serious offenses made by the children in conflict with the law or
CICL allow them to put in a jail when the youth facilities no available space for them
because of lack of space in youth detention place. The study suggested that there should
be an increase to the buy-in regarding the establishment of BPA facilities and diversion
programs. Also the PNP and DSWD should organize a follow up study to examine the
long term impact of different types of interventions and rehabilitation programs of CICL.
Another study conducted by DP Deluna, et al (2020) entitled “Illegal Drug
offenses among Children in Batangas, Philippines: A Narrative Introspections” the
researchers concluded that psychological treatment must provided by CICL while in
rehabilitation, encourage the institutionalization of licensed psychologists or relevant
training and tools for social workers to enhance their intervention and counselling skills
in handling CICL cases. Male and female offending among Children in Conflict with
Law revealed the need for a Gender Responsive Framework in the development of
gender- sensitive programs that allow equal access and opportunities for men and women
to attain successful reintegration to the community.
Furthermore, in the study conducted by Caldito et al (2014) entitled “Efficiency
of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) Personnel in handling Children In Conflict
with the Law” the problems they identified are the uncooperative parents/guardians in
dealing with CICL; insufficiency of financial resource to support the programs of
DSWD; lack of coordination from government agencies in overseeing CICL; failure of
the CICL to comply with the contract undergoing the treatment program; and absence of
rapport, and cooperation from among the community in paying attention with needs of
CICL protection. Based on the findings and conclusions of the study the
recommendations are uncooperative parents/guardians of CICL must be continually
approached by DSWD professionals to encourage them to routinely see their children and
be a part of their child’s behavioral development by conducting dialogues to discuss the
importance of mutual cooperation between the Personnel CICL and family members;
Personnel should maintain good coordination from government agency in overseeing the
children in conflict with the law; and expands the understanding of the community of
how they are important to the development ofchildren in restoring their normal social
functions and be aware to the conditions of CICL.
Additional study conducted by Irene, et al (2013) entitled “Status of Children in
Conflict with the Law in Catbalogan City, Philippines” the findings revealed that most of
the CICL cases came from the outskirts of the city of Catbalogan because they shortage
in basic needs which prompted them to commit crimes. The key informants revealed that
parental neglect, family problems and peer pressure were the factors that drove them to
do so. It is recommended that parents, barangay officials and Lupon members should
properly enlighten the rights of the child. LGU and local agencies such as CSWD should
allocate financial resources, design and implement intervention programs to decrease
commission of crimes by CICL.
In the study conducted by Avila Nicalyn T.., et al (2022) entitled “Problems
Encountered by the PNP and DSWD in handling CICL cases in Cabanatuan City” the
findings revealed that PNP personnel were encountering problems towards public apathy
to the needs and protection of CICL. While among the DSWD Personnel were
encountering problems with regards to the uncooperative parents/guardians in dealing
with CICL.
Relevance of the Reviewed Literatures and Studies to the Present Study
All of the related literature and studies bear some similarities to the present study.
They are similar to the discussion about the problems encountered in handling CICL and
how those problems are handled by the authorities assigned in dealing with CICL.
CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology
This chapter presents the methodology of this study. It includes research design,
respondents of the study, sampling procedure, materials and instruments, data gathering
procedure and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
The research design used by the researchers was a descriptive method of research
by using questionnaire checklists to know the problems encountered by the personnel
who handles CICL cases in selected cities and municipalities in Nueva Ecija.
Descriptive method of research defined as the data fact-finding with adequate
interpretation and the true meaning of the data collected from the point of view of the
objective and assumption of the research, it can be used in multiple ways and for various
reasons. (Aquino)
Descriptive research design makes adequate and accurate interpretation with or
without the aid of statistical methods. And this type of research method is something
more and beyond just the data-gathering. Thus, descriptive method of research was used
in the study considering it is the most appropriate method in conducting the research.
The type of descriptive design method to be used is survey method, wherein it
includes recording the answers of the respondents through surveys or questionnaires.
Surveys were generally used to collect feedback from the respondents. A survey method
is a process, tool, or technique that you can use to gather information in research by
asking questions to a predefined group of people. Survey is useful in providing value of
facts and focusing attention on the most important things to be reported.
Respondents
The respondents of the study were a total of twenty eight (28) personnel from two
(2) different agency of the government. There are twenty (20) PNP personnel in total
spread, over nine (9) WCPDs and eleven (11) Investigation Units. The responses in terms
of WCPD are distributed, with one (1) WCPD in Gapan City and two (2) WCPDs each in
San Jose City, Talavera, Science City of Munoz, and Sto. Domingo. While also being
distributed are the respondents in the investigation units, of which there are two (2) in
San Jose City and three (3) each in Gapan City, Science City of Munoz, and Sto.
Domingo. The total number of DSWD employees is eight (8), and there are two (2)
employees per location among the responders. The researchers chose PNP and DSWD
personnel as a respondents in this study because they are the ones who have enough
knowledge to identify problems encountered by them in handling CICL cases. For that
reason, the researchers believed that the chosen respondents are able to provide the data
needed in the conduct of this study.
Sampling Procedure
Purposive sampling was used in selecting samples, where in the researchers relies
on in the knowledge and experience of the respondents. It is said to be one of the most
convenient and simple sample selection techniques. Researchers believed that upon using
this sampling technique in the conduct of their study, the reliability and unbiased
conclusions were made.

Nikolopoulou, (2022), Purposive sampling refers to a group of non-probability
sampling techniques in which units are selected because they have characteristics that
you need in your sample. In other words, units are selected “on purpose” in purposive
sampling. Also called judgmental sampling, this sampling method relies on the
researcher’s judgment when identifying and selecting the individuals, cases or events that
can provide the best information to achieve the study’s objective (Nikolopoulou, 2022)
Research Instrument
The main instrument that was utilized of the study is the questionnaire checklists
which is formulated with the help of research panelists and thesis adviser. Questionnaire
checklist refers to a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised
for the purposes of survey and statistical study. The instrument was used is a structured or
self-constructed questionnaire developed by the researchers which consist of items that
the selected respondents must answer in a set format.
The instrument is composed of three (3) parts in the checklist wherein it involves
the profile of the respondents, sub-problem number 2 and sub-problem number 3.
Part I. Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents
The instrument was designed to gather information on the socio-demographic
profile of the respondents in terms of: Age, Gender, Civil Status, Educational Attainment
and years in service.
Part II. Problems encountered by the respondents in handling CICL cases

The instrument was composed of five (5) item checklists that identify the
problems encountered by the personnel who handles CICL cases.
Part III. Measures in dealing with the problems encountered in handling CICL cases
The instrument was composed of five (5) items checklist that deals with the
problems encountered in handling CICL cases.
The part II and III of the study in questionnaire checklist be evaluated according
to the likert’s scale consist of 4,3,2,1 with a provided range and verbal interpretation
using Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers asked permission for the approval of this research study through a
series of recommendations and healthy criticisms from the panelist during the title
proposal and research adviser to allow them to float the questionnaire checklist.
The researchers made a draft of the questionnaire checklist to present to their
research adviser for the comments, corrections, and suggestions. Then it was presented to
the panel for its validity, enhancing its improvement to come up with the final revision.
Once the revised questionnaire is finished the researchers presented a letter of request to
the thesis adviser for the approval to gather data and another for the respondents.
Once the letter of request was approved the researchers visited each department to
distribute their questionnaire checklist to (8) DSWD personnel and (20) PNP personnel
and orient them about the questionnaire they were answer and to inform them about the
purpose of the study personally. After answering and accomplishing the questionnaire by
the respondents was immediately collected by the researchers from the respondents.
Before administering the tool, the researchers orient the respondents about the
questionnaire they answered for them to be informed about the purpose of the study. The
researchers personally delivered the questionnaire through visiting the respondents
personally in their designated area. After answering and accomplishing the questionnaire
by the respondents, it was immediately collected by the researchers.
Moreover, after the questionnaire checklist was collected to the targeted
respondents, their responses were undergone to computation and tabulation, then the data
was interpreted. The researchers managed to interpret the data. The following step is the
summarization of findings, in which the researchers will make their own conclusions
based on the result of the findings. And lastly, the researchers gave some
recommendations based on the conclusion of the study.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The researchers summarized and analyzed the responses of the respondents upon
gathering of the questionnaire.
1. For the Socio-demographic Profile of the Respondents, the following
statistical formula was used;
The data on the questionnaire checklist that deals with the socio-demographic
profile of the respondents used the frequency and percentage distribution of responses.
The data gathered were computed, discussed, and analyzed for the significant findings
(Parreno, et al., 2006)

Frequency distribution. This is used by categorized and tabulating the frequency
of each occurrence. Frequency distribution is an organized tabulation/graphical
representation of the number of individuals in each category on the scale of measurement.
In this way, the table summarizes the distribution of values in the sample.
Percentage. This was used to get the proportion of a part of the whole
Formula:
(%) = f x100
Where: (%) = Percentage of frequency
f = Frequency
N = Number of respondents
2. For the problems encountered by the personnel in handling CICL cases, the
following statistical formula was used:
Weighted Mean: The weighted mean is defined as an average computed by
giving different weights to some of the individual values. When all the weights are equal,
then the weighted mean is similar to the arithmetic mean.
Formula:
WM = TWF
Where: TWF = Total Weight Formula

WM = Weighted mean
N = Total Number of Respondents
3. For the measures or remedies on how the respondents deals with the
problems encountered in handling CICL cases, the following statistical formula was
used:
Formula:
WM = TWF
Where: TWF = Total Weight Formula
WM = Weighted mean
N = Total number of respondents
4. Ranking
The researchers used to rank as tool in order to know the highest to the lower
rank. The longest frequency was rank 1, the second was ranked 2, and so on down to the
last number. The ranking was obtained by adding all of the rank given by the respondent
divide by the total number of the respondents.

CHAPTER 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
This chapter provides the presentation of statistical data relative to the problems as
earlier posted. Corresponding analysis and interpretation regarding these data were also
presented in this portion of this study.
Table 1.1 presents the demographic profile of the respondents as to age, gender,
civil status, educational attainment, years in service.
1. Socio - Demographic Profile of the Respondents.
To understand the knowledge and competency of the respondents in this study
their profiles were presented below.
The following table presented the distribution and percentage of the respondents
in terms of age.
Table 1.1
Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Age
PNP Personnel DSWD Personnel
Age F % Rank F % Rank
21-25 years 1 5% 5 - - -
old
26-30 years
old 3 15% 4 - - -
31-35 years
old 5 25% 2.5 - - -
36-40 years 12.5%
old 6 30% 1 1 2
41 years and
above 5 25% 2.5 7 87.5% 1
TOTAL 20 100% 8 100%
As reflected in the table, PNP Personnel aged 36-40 years old ranked first with a
frequency of 6 or 30% percent, second in ranked were the 31-35 and 41 years old and
above with a frequency of both 5 or 25% percent, fourth in ranked were 26-30 years old
with a frequency of 3 or 15% and for the fifth in ranked is 21-25 years old with a
frequency of 1 or 5%. While among the DSWD Personnel first in ranked aged 41 years
old and above with a frequency of 7 or 87.5% percent, second in ranked were the 36-40
years old with a frequency of 1 or 12.5% percent.

As can be derived from the findings, majority of the PNP Personnel respondents are
already in their middle ages considered as age of maturity. This implies that they already
acquired good decision making skills and knowledge in handling the CICL cases. While
the DSWD Personnel shows that they are in late middle age. This implies that they are
professional when it comes in handling CICL cases.
Table 1.2 presented the distribution and percentage of the demographic profile of
the respondents in terms of gender.
Table 1.2
Profile of Respondents as to Gender
Gender F % Rank F % Rank
Male 9 45% 2 3 37.5% 2
Female 11 55% 1 5 62.5% 1
Total 20 100% 8 100%
As shown in the table above, female respondents from the PNP Personnel ranked
first with a frequency of 11 or 52.38%, second in ranked were male with a frequency of
10 or 47.62. Also, female respondents from the DSWD Personnel ranked 1st with a
frequency of 5 or 71.43% and male with a frequency of 2 or 28.57%, ranked second.
This finding is a strong indicator that most employees of PNP Personnel and DSWD
Personnel that handles CICL cases were female, considering the fact that all Personnel in
the Women and Children Protection Desk were female officers and most female were
preferable and suitable in the management of CICL cases.
Table 1.3 presented the distribution and percentage of the demographic profile as to
civil status.
TABLE 1.3
Profile of Respondents as to Civil Status
Civil Status F % Rank F % Rank
Single 6 30% 2 2 25% 2
Married 14 70% 1 5 62.5% 1
Separated - - - - - -
Widow/er - - - 1 12.5% 3
Total 20 100% 8 100%
As shown in the table, Married PNP Personnel respondents were ranked first and
obtained the frequency of 14 or 70% and second in ranked were single respondents with a
frequency count of 6 or 30%. While the DSWD Personnel first in ranked were married
with a frequency of 5 or 62.5%, second in ranked were single with a frequency of 2 or
25% and third in ranked is Widow with a frequency of 1 or 12.5%.
It shows that most of the respondents are married, considering the fact that they are
married and most of them knows how to take good care of the CICL.
Table 1.4 presented the distribution and percentage of the demographic profile of
the respondents in terms of civil status.
Table 1.4
Profile of Respondents as to Highest Educational attainment
Highest F % Rank F % Rank
Educational
Attainment
Doctorate Degree - - - - - -
Doctorate Units - - - - - -
Master’s Graduate 2 10% 2 - - -
Master’s Unit 1 5% 3 - - -
College Graduate 17 85% 1 8 100% 1
Total 20 100% 8 100%
As reflected in the table, PNP Personnel ranked first were the college graduate with
a frequency of 17 or 85% percent, second in ranked were the Master’s Graduate with a
frequency of 2 or 10% and the third in ranked were the Master’s Unit with a frequency of
1 or 5%. While in the DSWD Personnel ranked first were a college graduate with a
frequency of 8 or 100% percent frequency of 1 or 20 percent.
As can be seen in the findings, most of the respondents are college graduates, and it
is a clear manifestation that most of the PNP and DSWD Personnel possessed the
required knowledge in dealing with the performance of duties and functions in handling
of CICL cases.
Table 1.5 illustrated the distribution and percentage of the profile of the respondents
as to years in service.
Table 1.5
Profile of Respondents as to Years in Service
Years in Service F % Rank Frequency % Rank
1-5 Years 3 15% 3 - - -
6-10 Years 6 30% 2 1 12.5% 3
11-15 Years 7 35% 1 5 62.5% 1
16-20 Years 2 10% 4.5 1 12.5% 3
21 Years and above 2 10% 4.5 1 12.5% 3
Total 20 100% 8 100%
As reflected in the table, PNP Personnel ranked first were the 11-15 years with a
frequency of 7 or 35% percent and ranked second were 6-10 years with a frequency of 6
or 30% percent, third in ranked were 1-5 years with a frequency of 3 or 15% and the
fourth in ranked were 16-20 years and 21 years and above both with a frequency of 2 or
10%. While in the DSWD Personnel ranked first were the 11-15 years with a frequency
of 5 or 62.5% percent and ranked second were 6-10, 16-20 and 21 years and above all
with a frequency of 1 or 12.5% percent. The respondents have considerable amount of
experiences to assess the problems encountered, as procured in the finding, the
respondents have spent years of the life in the service, considering that they obtained the
required knowledge and experiences in handling CICL cases.
2. Problems encountered by the respondents in handling CICL cases?
Table 2 presents the frequency, weighted mean, verbal interpretation and ranking
of responses of respondents on the degree of the problems encountered by the
respondents in handling CICL cases.

Table 2
Assessment of the respondents on the Problems Encountered by the respondents in
handling CICL cases.
Suggested statements on Problem PNP Personnel DSWD Personnel
Encountered by the respondents in WM VI R WM VI R

handling CICL cases
2.1. Uncooperative 3.40 SA 2 3.63 SA 1

parents/guardians in dealing with
CICL.
2.2. Inadequate facilities to take 3.45 SA 1 3.38 SA 2.5
care or handle CICL.
2.3. Limited number of personnel in 3.00 A 3 3.38 SA 2.5
2.4. Insufficient training of the 2.80 A 4 3.13 A 4
personnel in handling CICL cases.
2.5. Lack of coordination from 2.55 A 5 2.50 A 5
concerned government agencies in
overseeing CICL.
GWP and OVI 3.04 A 3.20 A
LEGEND
WM = Weighted Mean Scale Verbal Interpretation
VI = Verbal Interpretation 4 – Strongly Agree
R = Ranking 3 – Agree
GW = General Weighted Mean 2 – Disagree
OVD = Over all Verbal Description 1 – Strongly Disagree
Table 2 show the assessment of problems encountered by the respondents in
handling CICL cases. As assessed by PNP Personnel, and as shown in the table above,
the respondents gave their assessment with the overall mean of 3.04, interpreted as
'Agree'. Inadequate facilities to take care or handle CICL with the weighted mean of 3.45,
interpreted as 'Strongly Agree' and ranked as first; Uncooperative parents/guardians in
dealing with CICL cases with a weighted mean of 3.40, interpreted as ‘ Strongly Agree’
as second. Limited number of personnel in handling CICL cases, interpreted as 'Agree'
and ranked as third. Insufficient training of the personnel in handling CICL cases with a
weighted mean of 2.80, interpreted as 'Agree' and ranked as fourth. Lack of coordination
from DSWD government agencies in overseeing CICL with a weighted mean of 2.55,
interpreted as ‘Agree’ and ranked as fifth.
As assessed by DSWD Personnel, shown from the table, the respondents gave
their assessment with the overall mean of 3.20, interpreted as 'Agree. Uncooperative
parents/guardians in dealing with CICL with a weighted mean of 3.63, interpreted as
'Strongly Agree' and ranked as first. Inadequate facilities to take care or handle CICL and
Limited number of personnel in handling CICL cases with the weighted mean of 3.38
interpreted as 'Strongly Agree' and ranked as second; Insufficient training of the
personnel in handling CICL cases with a weighted mean of 3.13, interpreted as 'Agree'
and ranked as fourth Lack of coordination from DSWD government agencies in
overseeing CICL with a weighted mean of 2.50, interpreted as 'Agree' and ranked as fifth.
As shown in the table the PNP Personnel were encountering problems towards
inadequate facilities to take care or handle CICL. Based on the findings to their
assessment, it shows that PNP Personnel were lacking of temporary facility to confine the
CICL. While among the DSWD Personnel were encountering problems with regards to
the uncooperative parents/guardians in dealing with CICL. Based on the findings it shows
that there are parents that don’t cooperate with the DSWD in a way that they hesitate to
let their child undergo rehabilitation.
Result shows that PNP and DSWD Personnel have the same assessment on the
Problems Encountered by the respondents, which were classified as "Agree." This means
they should pay attention and take appropriate action to address any problems that arise
before it get worse.
This finding were supported of the study conducted by Caldito et al (2014)
entitled “Efficiency of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) Personnel in handling
Children In Conflict with the Law” the problems they identified are the uncooperative
parents/guardians in dealing with CICL; insufficiency of financial resource to support the
programs of DSWD; lack of coordination from government agencies in overseeing CICL.
Based on the findings and conclusions of the study the recommendations are
uncooperative parents/guardians of CICL must be continually approached by DSWD
professionals to encourage them to routinely see their children and be a part of their
child's behavioral development by conducting dialogues to discuss the importance of
mutual cooperation between and among the family members, the CICL, the DSWD and
PNP institutions; Personnel should maintain good coordination from government agency
in overseeing the children in conflict with the law.
In the study conducted by Padua (2014), et al entitled “An evaluation of the
rehabilitation programs for child in with the law in the municipality of Naujan Oriental
Mindoro” the study revealed that non-serious offenses made by the children in conflict
with the law or CICL allow them to put in a jail when the youth facilities no available
space for them because of lack of space in youth detention place.
In the study conducted by Idowu and Muhammed (2019) entitled “Challenges of
controlling delinquency and juvenile recidivism in correctional centers in Ondo State,
Nigeria” The study revealed that the management of juvenile detention institutions falls
short of international norms. Personnel must undergo specific training and undergo
seminars.
3. Measures in dealing with the problems encountered in handling CICL cases?
Table 3. Presents the frequency, weighted mean, verbal interpretation and ranking of
responses of respondents on how do the respondents deals with the problems encountered
in handling CICL cases.

TABLE 3
Suggested statement on dealing with the PNP Personnel DSWD

problems encountered by the respondents
Personnel
VM VI R VM VI R
3.1 Conducting dialogues with the parents 3.55 SA 4 3.88 SA 3.5

and or guardians of CICL to discuss the
importance of mutual cooperation
between and among the family members,
the CICL, the DSWD and PNP
institutions.
3.2 DSWD seek other temporary facilities 3.65 SA 1.5 3.75 SA 5
with a better equipment and materials to
give the children a proper disciplinary
training.
3.3 Requesting for the assistance of other 3.50 SA 5 3.88 SA 3.5
party such members of Barangay Officials
3.4 Attending seminars and trainings as 3.65 SA 1.5 3.88 SA 3.5
part of professional growth, and reading
articles on how to handle CICL cases.
3.5 Enhancing coordination of personnel 3.60 SA 3 3.88 SA 3.5
from concerned government agencies in
overseeing the CICL in a way of
providing the essential needs of CICL's.
GWM and OVI 3.59 SA 3.85 SA
Distribution of the responses on how do the respondents deals with the problems
encountered in handling CICL.

LEGEND
WM = Weighted Mean Scale Verbal Interpretation
VI = Verbal Interpretation 4 – Strongly Agree
R = Ranking 3 – Agree
GWM = General Weighted Mean 2 – Disagree
OVD = Over all Verbal Description 1 – Strongly Disagree
As assessed by the PNP Personnel shown in the table above, the respondents gave
their assessment with the overall mean of 3.59, interpreted as 'Strongly Agree". The first
highest in assessment were the " DSWD seek other temporary facilities with a better
equipment and materials to give the children a proper disciplinary training." and
attending seminars and trainings as part of professional growth, and reading articles on
how to handle CICL cases." with a weighted mean of 3.65 interpreted as "Strongly
Agree"; with a weighted mean of 3.75 interpreted as "Strongly Agree". The third ranked
in assessment is the “Enhancing coordination of personnel from concerned government
agencies in overseeing the CICL in a way of providing the essential needs of CICL's.”
with a weighted mean of 3.60 interpreted as “Strongly Agree”; Conducting dialogues
with the parents and or guardians of CICL to discuss the importance of mutual
cooperation between and among the family members, the CICL, the DSWD and PNP
institutions were ranked in fourth with a weighted mean of 3.55 interpreted as “Strongly
Agree” and “Requesting for the assistance of other party such members of Barangay
Officials in handling CICL cases” ranked in lowest with a weighted mean of 3.50
interpreted as “Strongly Agree”
As assessed by DSWD Personnel and shown in the table, the respondents gave
their assessment with the overall mean of 3.85, interpreted as "Strongly Agree". The
highest mean were Conducting dialogues with the parents and or guardians of CICL to
discuss the importance of mutual cooperation between and among the family members,
the CICL, the DSWD and PNP institutions.; Requesting for the assistance of other party
such members of Barangay Officials in handling CICL cases; attending seminars and
trainings as part of professional growth, and reading articles on how to handle CICL
cases and Enhancing coordination of personnel from concerned government agencies in
overseeing the CICL in a way of providing the essential needs of CICL's having a
weighted mean of 3.88, interpreted as “Strongly Agree” and the lowest mean were
“DSWD seek other temporary facilities with a better equipment and materials to give the
children a proper disciplinary training.” having a weighted mean of 3.75, interpreted as
“Strongly Agree”. Results shows that the PNP and DSWD Personnel have the same
assessment on how they deal with the problems encountered in handling the CICL cases.
It is utmost important that the PNP and DSWD Personnel has a good relationship with
the community and other agencies that facilitate the handling of Children in Conflict with
the Law for the restoration of their social functions to the community. Based on the
assessment above both agency have the same assessment towards, Attending seminars
and trainings as part of professional growth, and reading articles on how to handle CICL
having a weighted mean of 3.65 and 3.88 both interpreted as “ Strongly Agree”
The findings are supported with the statement of one of the interviewed
respondents Ma’am Villaverde, “It is really important for the PNP personnel and DSWD
personnel to attend seminars and trainings, in order for us to gain more knowledge and
improved our skills on how we handle CICL cases. How are we going to fulfill our duty
as well as protecting the rights of the children”.

4. What action plan is propose to handle the CICL effectively.
Proposed Action Plan
Findings Proje objective Activity Time Persons Estim Source Expected

ct/s focused frame involved ated of outcome
budge funds
t
Problems with Place To give the Providin Police 500,00 Local
the means of for a children a g the Until Personnel 0 Govern • To avoid
taking good peace! temporary children Necess and pesos ment the child
home that with their ary DSWD Office for being
care of the
can make basic Personnel. deprived
children or them feel needs of
CICL properly that they such as liberty.
due to are safe foods,
inadequate and cared. education • Reducin
facilities to and g the
take care or To prevent spiritual chances
the chance lesson. of escape
handle CICL.
of putting of the
the children child.
inside the
jail with
other
PDL’s.
Problem with Your To make Providin Until Police 1,000,0 Local
child the parents g housing Necess Personnel 00,000 Govern • Will
uncooperative
is our understood project ary and pesos ment make the
parents/guardi child
child! the good for the DSWD Office
ans in dealing learn
intention of CICL’s. Personnel
with CICL, the social Providin from
most parents workers g health their
tend to hide and give assistanc mistakes
their children assurance e for and not
to them every to
and refuses to
that their CICL’s commit
give their another
child is Providin
child to the crime.
safe in the g
social workers custody of education • To
and law social for the establish
enforcement. workers. CICL’s. good
relationshi
p between
parents
and social
worker.
CHAPTER 5
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
This chapter presents summary of findings, and the corresponding conclusion
derived in the conduct of the study. It also provides recommendation that could be
pursued by other researchers.
Summary
This study aimed to find out the Problems Encountered by the Personnel in
handling CICL cases in selected Cities/Municipalities of Nueva Ecija". The descriptive
method of research was employed in this study, employing the questionnaire checklist.
The respondents were twenty (20) PNP Personnel and eight (8) DSWD Personnel. The
study is conducted for a period of two semesters from September, 2022 to March, 2023.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions.
1. How may the profile of the respondents be described in term of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 Civil Status;
1.4 Educational Attainment; and
1.5 Years in service?
2. What are the problems encountered by the respondents in handling CICL case?
3. How do the respondents deals with the problems encountered in handling CICL case?
4. From the finding of the study, what programs or action plan is propose to handle the
CICL effectively?
Summary of Findings
Based on the data gathered, the following were the findings of the study based on
the sequence of specific problems posed under the statement of the problems in chapter 1.
1. Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents
1.1 Age
Majority of the respondents are from the age of 41 years old and above ranked
first with a frequency of 12 or 42.85% and the last ranked are from the age of 21-25 years
old with a frequency of 1 or 3.57%
1.2 Gender
Majority of the respondents are female first ranked with a frequency of 16 or
57.15% and the last ranked are male with a frequency of 12 or 42.85%
1.3 Civil Status
Most of the respondents were married with a frequency of 14 or 50% ranked as
first and the last ranked is widow/er with a frequency of 1 or 3.57%
1.4 Educational Attainment
Majority of the respondents are college graduate first ranked with a frequency of
25 or 89.28 and the last ranked is Master's Unit with a frequency of 1 or 3.57%
1.5 Years in Service

Most of the respondents were 11-15 years in service first ranked with a frequency
of 12 or 42.86% and the last ranked are 1-5 years, 16-20 years, and 21 years and above in
service with a frequency of 3 or 10.71%
2. Problems encountered by the respondents in handling Children in Conflict with
the Law (CICL) cases.
The highest in ranked in PNP personnel is the problem towards “Inadequate
facilities to take care or handle CICL cases with a weighted mean of 3.45 interpreted
as “Strongly Agree” While in the DSWD Personnel the highest in ranked problem
encountered towards “Uncooperative parents/guardians in dealing with CICL” with a
weighted mean of 3.63 interpreted as “Strongly Agree” In overall assessment of the
respondents the lowest in ranked towards “ Lack of coordination from concerned
government agencies in overseeing the CICL” with a weighted mean of 2.55 for PNP
personnel while in the DSWD personnel having a weighted mean of 2.50 both are
interpreted as “Agree”.
3. Dealing with the problems encountered in handling CICL cases.
The overall assessment of the respondents ranked as the highest towards “Attending
seminars and trainings as part of professional growth and reading articles on how to
handle CICL cases.” With a weighted mean of 3.65 for PNP personnel while in DSWD
personnel having a weighted mean of 3.88 both are interpreted as “Strongly Agree.” In
terms of the assessment the lowest in ranked in PNP personnel towards “Requesting for
the assistance of other party such members of Barangay Officials in handling CICL
cases.” with a weighted mean of 3.50 while the lowest in ranked in DSWD personnel
towards “DSWD seek other temporary facilities with a better equipment and materials to
give the give a proper disciplinary training” having a weighted mean of 3.75 both are
interpreted as “Strongly Agree”.
4. What action plan is propose to handle the CICL effectively.
The following proposed plans are based from the highest problems encountered
by the Personnel in handling CICL cases in order to address those problems effectively.
Proposed Action Plan
Findings Proje objective Activity Time Persons Estim Source Expected

ct/s focused frame involved ated of outcome
budge funds
t
Problems with Place To give the Providin Police 500,00 Local
the means of for a children a g the Until Personnel 0 Govern • To avoid
taking good peace! temporary children Necess and pesos ment the child
home that with their ary DSWD Office for being
care of the
can make basic Personnel. deprived
children or them feel needs of
CICL properly that they such as liberty.
due to are safe foods,
inadequate and cared. education • Reducin
facilities to and g the
take care or To prevent spiritual chances
the chance lesson. of escape
handle CICL.
of putting of the
the children child.
inside the
jail with
other
PDL’s.
Problem with Your To make Providin Until Police 1,000,0 Local
child the parents g housing Necess Personnel 00,000 Govern • Will
uncooperative
is our understood project ary and pesos ment make the
parents/guardi child
child! the good for the DSWD Office
ans in dealing learn
intention of CICL’s. Personnel
with CICL, the social Providin from
most parents workers g health their
tend to hide and give assistanc mistakes
their children assurance e for and not
to them every to
and refuses to
that their CICL’s commit
give their another
child is Providin
child to the crime.
safe in the g
social workers custody of education • To
and law social for the establish
enforcement. workers. CICL’s. good
relationshi
p between
parents
and social
worker.
Conclusions
Based on the above findings, the following conclusions are deduced:
1. Majority of the respondents were at their middle age and early adulthood, female,
married, college graduate, and has more than enough years in the service for them to
become familiar with a problems encountered and measures in dealing with the CICL.
2. Majority of the respondents were encountering problems towards inadequate facilities
to take care or handle CICL and problems with regards to the uncooperative
parents/guardians in dealing with CICL.
3. Despite of the problems encountered by the respondents it is a good aspect that all
respondents are cooperating with the measures to deal with the problems they
encountered.
4. The action plan could be an eye-opener for the local government, allowing them to see
and understand the difficulties of the personnel when processing CICL situations and to
provide basic needs health assistance and facilities for the CICL.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions of the study the following
recommendations were specified;
1. PNP and DSWD should conduct seminars to share their knowledge and educate the
public especially for the parents of the children since PNP and DSWD have the
experience and sufficient knowledge in handling CICL cases to be aware that their
children is safe in their hands.
2. DSWD and PNP personnel should conduct a dialogue to carry out between the families
of CICL to discuss the importance of mutual cooperation between them. In order to
enlightened them with the pure intention of the DSWD for their child.
3. The government should consider this study to see and become aware of the problems
encountered. The personnel should have good interaction with the parents, barangay
officials or local government unit to help them overcome those problems encountered.
4. The government should consider this study to see and become aware of the problems
encountered by the personnel in handling CICL cases.
5. The researchers recommended that other researchers should conduct similar studies at
another time and setting to validate the findings and conclusion derived in the conduct of
the present study.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
A.Published Material
Grench, E. (2021, October 20). 'Crisis Within a Crisis' at NYC's Youth Jails;
Staff & Advocates Demand Fixes.
https://news.yahoo.com/crisis-within-crisis-nye-youth- 140100488.html
Kunarso, K. (2020, December 12). Implementation of Street Children Handling
In the Context of the Legal Country.
http://eprints.ubhara.ac.id/678/
Muyobela, T.A. and Strydom M. (2017). The rehabilitation of incarcerated
childoffenders: challenges faced by social welfare officers in
Zambia.
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script-sciarttext&pid=50037-
80542017000400007
Susilowati, E. (2018, September 7). Knowledge and Skills of Social Workers in
Handling Children in Conflict with Law in Indonesia”
https://msocialwork.com/index.php/aswi/article/view/51
Padua (2014) entitled “An evaluation of the rehabilitation for child in with the
law in the municipality of Naujan Oriental https://pdfcoffee.
com/download/thesis-final-daw-pdf-free.html
B. Unpublished Material
Sibisi and Warria (2020) et al entitled “Challenges experienced by probation
officers with children in conflict with the law in the Johannesburg
Metro Region (SouthAfrica)
https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/cysrev/v113y2020ics019074091931353
Idowu and Muhammed (2019) et al entitled “Challenges of controlling
delinquency and juvenile recidivism in correctional centre in Ondo
State, Nigeria” https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345852300
T. Sichone, (2019) et al entitled “Social Workers on Child Protection, in Conflict
with Community Norms and Values: A Case Study of a
Community Based-Organisation in Malawi”
https://www.
diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1358534/FULLTEXT01
Jones, (2016) et al entitled “Challenges of social workers giving mental health
services to juveniles who have been incarcerated for drug
use” https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article= 1326 &context=etd
Susilowati, (2018) et al entitled “the knowledge and skill of Social Workers in
handling Children against Law (ABH) in Indonesia”
https://msocialwork.com/index.php/aswj/article/view/51
DP Deluna and, et al (2020) et al entitled “Illegal Drug offenses among Children
in Batangas, Philippines: A Narrative Introspections”
https://ijels.
com/upload_document/issue_files/25IJELS-111202027-Illegal.pdf
Caldito (2014) et al entitled “Efficiency of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD) Personnel in handling CICL cases” Philippines
Irene, (2013) et al entitled “Status of Children in Conflict with the Law in
Catbalogan City, Philippines”
Avila Nicalyn T.., et al (2022) entitled “Problems Encountered by the PNP and
DSWD in handling CICL cases in Cabanatuan City”

ELECTRONIC SOURCE
https://www.secureteen.com/juvenile-delinquency/why-do-teens-commit-juvenile-
crimes/ https://mederaveonline.com/NCOAJ/children-in-conflict-with-law-in-india.html
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/cnainsider/philippines-problem-children-commiting-
brazen-juvenile-crimes-881021 https://lcp.org.ph/92/cabanatuan-city
https://www.childlineindia.org/a/issues/conflict-with-law
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2006/ra_9344 2006.html
https://www.dswd.gov.ph/issuances/AOs/AO_2007-010.pdf
https://www.bartleby.com/essay/descriptive-method-F3CZS34KRYYS
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
APPENDICES
Appendix
A
APPENDIX
B
APPENDIX
C
QUESTIONNAIRE CHECKLIST
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE PERSONNEL IN HANDLING CICL
CASES IN SELECTED CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES IN NUEVA ECIJA
Direction: Kindly put a check mark (/) in the space provided to the answer of your
choice.
PART 1. Socio-Demographic Profile of Respondents.
1.1 Age
__ 21-25 years old __36-40 years old
__26-30 years old __41 years old and above
__ 31-35 years old
1.2 Gender
__ Male
__ Female
1.3 Civil Status

__ Single __Separated
__ Married __Widow/er
1.4 Educational Attainment

__ Doctorate Graduate __With Master’s Units
__With Doctorate Units __College Graduate
__ Master’s Graduate
1.5 Years in Service:

__1-5 years __16-20 years
__6-10 years __21 years and above
__11-15 years
1.6 Where currently employed

__PNP Personnel __DSWD Personnel
Part II. Problems encountered by the personnel in handling CICL cases.

DIRECTIONS: The following are the statements of problems encountered by the in
handling CICL cases in selected Cities/Municipalities of Nueva Ecija. Feel free to
express your answer by putting a check mark (/) on the appropriate columns provided
opposite each item statement
Verbal Interpretation:
4- Strongly Agree 3-Agree 2-Disagree 1-Strongly Disagree
ITEM 4 3 2 1
2.1. Uncooperative parents/guardians in
dealing with CICL.
2.2. Inadequate facilities to take care or
handle CICL.
2.3. Limited number of personnel handling

CICL cases.
2.4. Insufficient training of the personnel in
2.5. Lack of coordination from concerned
government agencies in overseeing CICL.
Part III. Dealing with the problems encountered in handling CICL cases.
DIRECTIONS: The following are the statements addressing the problems encountered
by the Personnel in handling CICL cases in selected Cities and Municipalities in Nueva
Ecija. Feel free to express your answer by putting a check mark (/) on the appropriate
columns provided opposite each item statement.
Verbal Interpretation:
4- Strongly Agree 3-Agree 2-Disagree 1-Strongly Disagree
ITEM 4 3 2 1
3.1 Conducting dialogues with the parents and or
guardians of CICL to discuss the importance of
mutual cooperation between and among the family
members, the CICL, the DSWD and PNP institutions.
3.2. DSWD seek other temporarily facilities with a

better equipment and materials to give the children a
proper disciplinary training.
3.3 Requesting for the assistance of other party such
members of Baranggay Officials in handling CICL
cases.
3.4. Attending seminars and trainings as part of
professional growth, and reading articles on how to
handle CICL cases
3.5. Enhancing coordination of personnel from
concerned government agencies in overseeing the
CICL in a way of providing the essential needs of
CICL’s.
PERSONAL INFORMATION
NAME : Justin L. Balunes

ADDRESS : Zone 6, Brgy. A. Bonifacio, Llanera
Nueva Ecija,
MOBILE NO. : 0955-384-8202
BIRTH PLACE : San Jose City, General Hospital
CIVIL STATUS : Single
GENDER : Male
AGE : 21
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
HEIGHT : 5’6
WEIGHT : 70 kg
FATHER’S NAME : Faustino L. Balunes
MOTHER’S NAME : Julieta L. Balunes
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
ELEMENTARY : A. Bonifacio Sur Elementary School
HIGH SCHOOL : STI College San Jose
COLLEGE : Phinma Araullo University
SEMINAR AND TRAINING ATTENDED

: Office for Transportation Security and its Mandate (2022)
: Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Awareness and Bomb Threat
Management
NAME : Kristine B. Estone

ADDRESS : Zone 6, Brgy. A. Bonifacio, Llanera Nueva
Ecija
MOBILE NO. : 0955-609-6469
BIRTH PLACE : San Jose City, General Hospital
GENDER : Female
AGE : 21
HEIGHT : 5’2
WEIGHT : 53 kg
FATHER’S NAME : Benedick T. Estone
MOTHER’S NAME : Loriely B. Estone
ELEMENTARY : A. Bonifacio Sur, Elementary School
HIGH SCHOOL : STI College San Jose

Management
NAME : Niña V. Manahan

ADDRESS : Amihan, Barrera, Cabanatuan
City
MOBILE NO. : 0997-916-8969
BIRTH PLACE : Cabanatuan City
GENDER : Female
AGE : 22
HEIGHT : 5’0
WEIGHT : 65 kg
FATHER’S NAME : Rico D. Manahan
MOTHER’S NAME : Laarni C. Vizconde
ELEMENTARY : Valdefuente Elementary School
HIGH SCHOOL : Our Lady of Fatima University

Management
NAME : Wendel M. Santos

ADDRESS : Zone 2, Brgy. Piut,
Carranglan Nueva Ecija
MOBILE NO. : 0977-391-5719
BIRTH PLACE : San Jose City, General
Hospital
GENDER : Male
AGE : 22
RELIGION : INC
HEIGHT : 5’8
WEIGHT : 78 kg
FATHER’S NAME : Antonio J. Santos Jr.
MOTHER’S NAME : Referenda M. Santos
ELEMENTARY : Digdig Elementary School
HIGH SCHOOL : St. Joseph School

Management
NAME : Mayna T. Sevilla

ADDRESS : San Francisco, San Antonio
Nueva Ecija
MOBILE NO. : 0916-401-1818
BIRTH PLACE : San Antonio Nueva Ecija
GENDER : Female
AGE : 22
HEIGHT : 4’11
WEIGHT : 52 kg
FATHER’S NAME : Manolito S. Sevilla
MOTHER’S NAME : Cristina T. Sevilla
ELEMENTARY : San Francisco Elementary School
HIGH SCHOOL : Our Lady of Fatima University

Management
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Problems Encountered By The…|1

The Problem and its Setting

peer pressure, and, regrettably, adult exploitation.

case, he becomes a juvenile delinquent. He enters the age of criminal responsibility

criminal mischief. Early intervention is essential and in order to avoid juvenile

activity is peer pressure.

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, several changes are experienced by young

As a result, the Philippine National Police (PNP) and Department of Social

where minors are directly implicated in the crime.

Philippines. Promoting social development that attempts to enhance the environment as a

whole, as well as children's rights. The government organization is often in charge of

management procedure: identification of the CICL case problem, data gathering,

operations to save children who are in legal trouble.

children in conflict with the law in 2017.

because of increasing cases involving CICL.

Furthermore, in the statement of one personnel from the interview conducted

to put the child in jail together with other criminals.

might happen in the future.

Setting of the Study

Gapan, is a fourth-class component city in the province of Nueva Ecija which

Gapan is nicknamed the “Footwear Capital of the North” because of the

Ecijanos in their craft and livelihood.

total population of Gapan.

"Capital of Silicon Valley" in 1988.

4.83% of the total population of San Jose.

Talavera, officially the Municipality of Talavera, is a 1st class municipality in the

Population for 2020, it has a population of 132,388. Talavera is part of Cabanatuan

According to the National Competitiveness Council in Cities/Municipalities

of the most competitive municipalities in the Philippines.

It is bordered by Cabanatuan, Llanera, Muñoz, Aliaga, General Mamerto

Natividad, Santo Domingo and San Jose.

Quezon Street Pag-asa District in the municioality of Talavera, in the province of

represented 0.98% of the total population of the Talavera.

and development (R&D) institutions on agricultural science and technology.

Santo Domingo is the 3rd class municipality in Nueva Ecija, Philippines.

Figure 1. Map of the Setting of the Study

Figure 1.1 Map of the Setting of the Study

Figure 1.2 Map of the Setting of the Study

Figure 1.3. Map of the Setting of the Study

Figure 1.4. Map of the Setting of the Study

This study determined the “Problems Encountered by the Personnel in handling

the victims, counselling, rehabilitation programs and livelihood assistance.

encountered by providing techniques and programs for them.

collection of data, tabulation of data, statistical treatment, evaluation of data,

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Figure 2. Paradigm of the study

Statement of the Problem

The study assessed the Problems encountered by the DSWD personnel in

handling CICL Cases in selected Cities and Municipalities in Nueva Ecija;

Specifically it sought to answer the following sub-problems:

1. How may the socio-demographic profile of the respondents be described in

1.3 Civil Status;

1.4 Educational Attainment; and

1.5 Years in service?

2. What are the problems encountered by the respondents in handling CICL

3. How do the respondent deals with the problems encountered in handling

CICL cases effectively?

Significance of the study

This study entitled “Problems Encountered by the Personnel in handling CICL

could lessen the chance of the children to violate the law.

problems in dealing with CICL cases.

Conflict with the Law (CICL).