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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILDENVIRONMENT

Lab 1A, Archimedes Principal

SURNAME : mmola
INITIALS : JT
STUDENT NO :222047851.
COURSE : Mechanical
Engineering.
MODULE : Thermodynamics 2A.
DUE DATE : 14 April 2023

Contents
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Declaration................................................................................................................................ 3
Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction............................................................................................................................... 5
Aim.......................................................................................................................................... 5
Assumptions.............................................................................................................................. 5
Apparatus.................................................................................................................................. 5
Procedure.................................................................................................................................. 6
General Procedure 1: Increasing Pressure...................................................................................6
General Procedure 2: Decreasing Pressure.................................................................................7
Observations.............................................................................................................................. 7
Analysis of the Results................................................................................................................ 9
Discussion............................................................................................................................... 10
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................. 13
Reference List.......................................................................................................................... 14

Appendix.................................................................................................................................15

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Declaration.
I declare that this assignment is my unique work. I carefully acknowledged and referenced any secondary
information I used, whether from print or electronic sources, in agreement with the Mechanical
Department's requirements. This is the first time I have submitted this work for credit. I am aware that
plagiarism is not allowed, and I have read and understood the department's plagiarism and referencing
regulations, as outlined in the Learner guide.
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Acknowledgements.
I would like to express my gratitude to for doing the virtual lab experiment on our behalf and
collecting a set of data. He made it possible for this lab report to be completed.

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Introduction.
Aim.
The goal was to test Archimedes' principle using a brass bucket and cylinder with a lever balance and
displacement vessel by weighing the machined bucket and cylinder in air, then immersing the cylinder in
water to estimate the up-thrust and measuring the volume with a displacement vessel.

Assumptions.
• The gravitational mass of water displaced by the Cylinder is equal to the up thrust.
• Gravitational acceleration=9.81 m/s2.
• Fb=pvg, where Fb is the buoyant force, p is the density, v is the volume, and g is the gravity
acceleration.
• Fb=mg, where m denotes mass.

Apparatus.
machined bucket and cylinder
Lever balance.
Displacement vessel.

Procedure.

General Procedure
• Suspend the bucket and cylinder on the lever balance by a tiny thread from the hook on the
underside of the pan.
• Note the mass of the bucket and cylinder with the balance set to the 0-250gm range.
• Fill the displacement vessel with water and let it drain to the level of the side spout.
• Before proceeding, place an empty plastic container under the spout after the level has settled.
Immerse the cylinder completely in the displacement vessel and record the mass once more.
• Allow the displaced water to settle in the container before removing the beaker and retaining
the water.
• Remove the cylinder from the displacement vessel and record only the mass of the bucket.
• Fill the bucket completely with water and weigh it.
• Calculate the volume of water in the container.
• Take note of the cylinder's mass only in air.
• Immerse the cylinder in water as described above.
• Calculate the volume of water in the container.
• Use the collected water volumes to compare the masses for your required computations.
•

Results
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Configuration Mass

Bucket and cylinder in air M1=175g

Bucket with cylinder immersed in water M2=168g

Bucket only in air M3 =96g

Bucket filled with water in air M4=105g

Mass difference (g) Up thrust(N) VOLUME (*10^-6m^3)

M2-M1=7g 0.06867 7
M4-M3=9 0.08829 9

Analysis of results

The Archimedes Principle asserts that when a body of an object is completely or partially submerged in
a fluid, it experiences an upward force (up thrust) equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.

The result in the experiment are corresponding with the Archimedes principal because The weight of
the displaced fluid equals the up thrust.

Theoretical Assumptions:

•The buoyant force is greater than the displaced fluid value.

•The mass of the submerged object equals the volume of water displaced by the object.

•The experiment was conducted solely under the effect of buoyant force.

•When you apply anything to one of the weights that balances two weights, the weights no longer
match, but the side with weights added falls lower.

Condition of Equipment.

Liver balance was in a good condition, because when the cylinder and bucket were

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submerged in water, the equipment took correct measurements when bucket and cylinder

were inserted in water.

Assumption

 Suspend the bucket and cylinder on the lever balance by a tiny thread from the hook on the
underside of the pan.
 Note the mass of the bucket and cylinder with the balance set to the 0-250gm range.
 Fill the displacement vessel with water and let it drain to the level of the side spout.
 Before proceeding, place an empty plastic container under the spout after the level has settled.
Immerse the cylinder completely in the displacement vessel and record the mass once more.
 Allow the displaced water to settle in the container before removing the beaker and retaining
the water.
 Remove the cylinder from the displacement vessel and record only the mass of the bucket.
 Fill the bucket completely with water and weigh it.
 Calculate the volume of water in the container.
 Take note of the cylinder's mass only in air.
 Immerse the cylinder in water as described above.
 Calculate the volume of water in the container.
 Use the collected water volumes to compare the masses for your required computations.

Conclusion.
The goal was met because the theory aligned with the results.

The following are the main experimental findings:

 Up thrust equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.

 The volume of the displaced fluid equals the volume of the item (bucket and cylinder).

This experiment taught me that the volume of displaced water equals the volume of the object, and the
up thrust equals the weight of an object but in the opposite direction.

Reference List.
1. Davenport, D.A., 1979. Boyle's law. Journal of Chemical Education, 56(5), p.322.
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2. Lewis, D.L., 1997. A simple Boyle's law experiment. Journal of chemical

education, 74(2), p.209.
3. West, J.B., 1999. The original presentation of Boyle’s law. Journal of applied
physiology, 87(4), pp.1543-1545.
4. Bonnar, W.B., 1956. Boyle's Law and gravitational instability. Monthly Notices of
the Royal Astronomical Society, 116(3), pp.351-359.
5. Khurmi, R.S. & Gupta, J.K. (2003). A TEXTBOOK OF THERMAL
ENGINEERING.
New Delhi: S. CHAND & COMPANY LTD

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Appendices.

Calculations.
Local Air pressure = 743mmHg= 743 x133.3 Pa = 0.99042bar

for increasing pressure. At Gauge pressure = 1 bar.

Absolute pressure = Gauge pressure + Local air pressure
Absolute pressure = 1+0.99042
Absolute pressure = 1.99042 bar
Volume, V =
V =0.00000037 m3

V=0.00037 l
Inverse volume= = 2702.70270
Constant ,k = Absolute pressure x Volume
K= 0.00074

For decreasing pressure. At Gauge pressure = -0.05 bar.

Absolute pressure = Gauge pressure + Local air pressure
Absolute pressure= -0.05 + 0.99042
Absolute pressure = 0.94042 bar
Volume, V=
V= 0.00000094 m3

V= 0.00094 l
Inverse volume = = 1063.82979
Constant, k = Absolute pressure x Volume
K= 0.94042 x 0.00094
K= 0.00088