CA2- Non Institutional Correction

1. Approaches of ph. Correction system

 Institutional- based treatment program (Institutional correction)
- Refers to the method of correcting offenders without going having to go
to prisons
 Community bases treatment program( Non- Institutional correction)
- Any or all activities involving in the community in efforts to rehabilitate
and reform offenders.
- refer to that method of correcting sentenced offenders without having
to go to prison.
2. Similarity: These programs aimed towards the improvement of offender's
attitude and philosophy of life.
Differences:
 are you’re either placed on parole or given probation
 that the individual is placed in a prison or jail, which means they are
housed in a secure correctional facility.
 Confinement of person suspected of a crime or awaiting trials (ca1)
 Not related to institutional care. Treat criminal offenders within the
community as an alternatives to confinement. Activities that aimed
to make the offender a law abiding citizen (ca2)
3. Advantage:
 The benefits of community-based correctional sanctions are “to achieve
public safety through reduced recidivism” (“community-based sanctions 1)
and managing the offenders through the community.
 Community based is also less expensive than incarceration
 CA2 . Can still continue to support family. Rehabilitation will be more
effective as the convict will not be influenced by hardened criminals.
Rehabilitation can be monitore since overcrowded na sa prisons.
DISADVATANGE:
1. CA2. Offender might take advantage of his situation. Offender can commit
another crime.

CRIM5-
1. Juvenile- is any person who is not adult
2. Juvenile delinquency- participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under
a statutory age limit
3. Differences
 Delinquent Acts v. Crimes: Juveniles are not classified as “criminals,” or
considered to have committed “crimes,” but rather, “delinquent acts.”
 Complaint v. Petition: A complaint is filed in an adult criminal case, but a
petition is filed in a juvenile offender case.
 Adjudication v. Conviction: An offender who is tried as an adult for a
crime, and whom a judge or jury determines to be guilty, is convicted of
that crime. A juvenile, however, is “adjudicated delinquent.”
  Disposition v. Sentence: A convicted adults receives a sentence as
punishment, whereas a juvenile receives a “disposition,” or outcome of
their hearing.
4. Stages
 Intention to commit
 Preparation to commit
 Attempt to commit
 Accomplishment

5. Pathway
(a) an early authority conflict pathway, consisting in sequence of stubborn
behavior, defiance, and authority avoidance;
(b) a covert pathway, consisting of minor covert behaviors, property damage, and
moderate to serious forms of delinquency; and
(c) an overt pathway, consisting of aggression, fighting, and violence. The
overlap among the three disruptive pathways is examined.

 An Authority Conflict Pathway prior to the age of 12, that starts with
stubborn behavior, and has defiance/disobedience as a second stage, and
authority avoidance (i.e., truancy, running away from home, and staying
out late at night) as a third stage;
 A Covert Pathway starts prior to age 15 which begins with minor covert
acts (shoplifting and frequent lying), has property damage as a second
stage (i.e., vandalism and fire-setting), and moderate delinquency as a
third step (i.e., fraud, pick-pocketing), and has serious delinquency as a
fourth step (i.e., auto theft and burglary).
 An Overt Pathway that starts with minor aggression (bullying, annoying
others), has physical fighting as a second stage (physical fighting and
gang fighting), and severe violence as a third step (rape, attack, strong-
arm).
6. Types of Delinquency According to Howard Becker
1. Individual- which only one individual is involved in committing a delinquent act
2. Group supported delinquency- are commited in companionship with others
and the cause is located not in the personality of the individual or in the
delinquent family but in the culture of the individuals home
3. Organized delinquency- committed by developing formally organized groups
4. Situational delinquency
7. According to trojanowicz
1. Accidental
2. Unsocialized
3. Professional
4. Gang organized