Math 113 – Integral Calculus | 2nd Sem AY 2020-2021 1

INDEFINITE INTEGRALS Example:

ANTI-DIFFERENTIATION d d
(x ¿¿ 2+1)¿ and (x ¿¿ 2+2)¿
dx dx
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS = 2x = 2x
- given a function find its derivative
d 2
INTEGRAL CALCULUS Therefore, ( x + C ) =2 x
dx
- given the derivative of a function find the function
Integrating:
The required function is called an INTEGRAL of the given derivative, and
process of finding it is called INTEGRATION. The given function is the 2 x 1+1
INTEGRAND. ∫ 2 x dx= 1+1
Example: Evaluate the following integral 2
2x
= +C
∫ ( x 3−4 x ) dx Integrand 2

= x 2+ C
= ∫ x 3 dx−4∫ x dx Integration

x4 4 x2
= − +C THE POWER FORMULA
4 2
n−1
x4 2
Deriving: d (u¿ ¿ n)=nu du ¿
= −2 x +C Integral
4 n+1−1
For Anti-differentiation: d (u¿ ¿ n+1)=( n+1 ) u du ¿
THE INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
d (u¿ ¿ n+1)=(n+1)un du ¿
f (x) = ∫ f ( x ) dx n
d (u¿¿ n+1) (n+1)u du
where the symbol ∫ is called the INTEGRAL SIGN.
Dividing by n+1 (but n≠-1): = ¿
n+1 n+1
THEOREM 12: Two functions having the same derivative differ only by a constant.
d( u¿¿ n+1)
un du= ¿
n+ 1
Integration:

ENGR. DIANNE C. OLIVER

 Math 113 – Integral Calculus | 2nd Sem AY 2020-2021 2

n +1 Example 5
u
∫ u du=
n
n+1
+C ; n ≠ -1
∫ (3 x+3)4 dx

Example 6

dx
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF INDEFINITE INTEGRALS ∫ ( x +5)2
∫ du=u+C where C = arbitrary constant Example 7

∫ ( du+dv +…+ ds )=∫ du+∫ dv +…+∫ ds dx

∫ (2 x−7)4
∫ Cdu=C∫ du where C = arbitrary constant
Example 8

∫ x (2−x)2 dx
Exercises: Integrate the following and check by differentiation:
Example 9
Example 1
2
y dy
∫ x dx3
∫ (1+ y 3 )2
Example 2
Example 10

∫ (6 x ¿¿ 2−4 x+1)dx ¿ 4 4
∫ x x+a
3
dx
Example 3

∫ (3−2 y ¿¿−2) d y ¿
Example 4

( 1
∫ √ t− √t )dt
ENGR. DIANNE C. OLIVER