Chapter 3

Sampling and
Sampling
Distribution
Lesson 1.
Understanding
Sampling Distribution
of Sample Means
 Lesson Objectives

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Illustrate random sampling.

2. distinguish between a parameter and statistics.

3. Identify sampling distribution of sample means.

Identify the statistical terms in the
following crossword puzzle
Recall:

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

Blood Type Frequency (f)
 Recall:
Compute the Mean of the following samples:

1. 2, 4, 5, 7, 9

2. 25, 33, 65, 72, 41, 18

3. 100, 250, 300, 500

Recall:
Lesson Introduction
Researchers use sampling if taking a
census of the entire population is impractical.
Data from the sample are used to calculate
statistics, which are estimates of the
corresponding population parameters.
For instance, a sample might be drawn
from the population, its mean is calculated, and
this value is used as a statistic or an estimate
for the population mean.
Lesson Introduction

Descriptive measures computed from a

population are called parameters while
descriptive measures computed from a
sample are called statistics. We say that
the sample mean is an estimate of the
population mean μ.
 Discussion Points
Sampling Distribution of Sample
Means

❑The number of samples of size n

that can be drawn from a
population of size N is given by NCn.
 Discussion Points
Sampling Distribution of Sample
Means
❑Sampling distribution of sample
means is a frequency distribution
using the means computed from all
possible random samples of a specific
size taken from a population
❑The probability distribution of the
sample means is also called the
sampling distribution of the sample
means.
Discussion Points
Steps in Constructing the Sampling Distribution
of the Means
1. Determine the number of possible samples
that can be drawn from the population using
the formula: NCn
where N = population size; n = sample size
2. List all the possible samples and compute the
mean of each sample.
3. Construct a frequency distribution of the
sample means obtained in Step 2.
 Example
A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10,
and 5.

a. List all possible samples of size 3 from this

population.
b. Compute the mean of each sample.
c. Prepare a sampling distribution of the sample
means.
Solution
The possible samples of size 3 from 2, 4, 9, 10, and 5 are…
Samples
 Solution
The mean of each sample are as follows:
Samples Sample Mean
2,4,9
2, 4, 10
2, 4, 5
2, 9, 10
2, 9, 5
2, 10, 5
4, 9, 10
4, 9, 5
4, 10, 5
9, 10, 5
 Solution
The mean of each sample are as follows:
Samples Sample Mean
2,4,9 5
2, 4, 10 5.33
2, 4, 5 3.67
2, 9, 10 7
2, 9, 5 5.33
2, 10, 5 5.67
4, 9, 10 7.67
4, 9, 5 6
4, 10, 5 6.33
9, 10, 5 8
Solution
The sampling distribution of the sample means
 Exercise
A group of students got the following scores in
a test: 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21. Consider
samples of size 4 that can be drawn from this
population.

1. List all the possible samples and the

corresponding mean.
2. Construct the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
Exercise Samples
A group of students got the
following scores in a test: 6, 9,
12, 15, 18, and 21. Consider
samples of size 4 that can be
drawn from this population.
a. List all the possible
samples and the
corresponding mean.
Exercise
A group of students got the following scores in a test: 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and
21. Consider samples of size 4 that can be drawn from this population.
b. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample means.
Samples Means Samples Means

6, 9, 12, 15 10.5 6, 12, 18, 21 14.25

6, 9, 12, 18 11.25 6, 15, 18, 21 15
6, 9, 12, 21 12 9, 12, 15,18 13.5
6, 9, 15, 18 12 9, 12, 15,21 14.25
6, 9, 15, 21 12.75 9, 12, 18,21 15
6, 9, 18, 21 13.5 9, 15, 18, 21 15.75
6, 12, 15,18 12.75 12, 15, 18, 21 16.5
6,12, 15,21 13.5
Samples Mean Samples Means
s
Means Frequency Probability
6, 9, 12, 15 10.5 6, 12, 18, 21 14.25

6, 9, 12, 18 11.25 6, 15, 18, 21 15

6, 9, 12, 21 12 9, 12, 15,18 13.5

6, 9, 15, 18 12 9, 12, 15,21 14.25

6, 9, 15, 21 12.75 9, 12, 18,21 15

6, 9, 18, 21 13.5 9, 15, 18, 21 15.75

6, 12, 15,18 12.75 12, 15, 18, 21 16.5

6,12, 15,21 13.5

Exercise
A finite population consists of 4 elements.
10, 12, 18, 40

a. How many samples of size n = 2 can be drawn

from this population?
b. List all the possible samples and the
corresponding means.
c. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample
means.
 Summary
• The number of samples of size n that can be drawn from a
population of size N is given by NCn.

• A sampling distribution of sample means is a frequency

distribution using the means computed from all possible
random samples of a specific size taken from a
population.

• The probability distribution of the sample means is also

called the sampling distribution of the sample means.
 Summary
Steps in Constructing the Sampling Distribution of the Means
1. Determine the number of possible samples that can be drawn from
the population using the formula: NCn
where N = size of the population n = size of the sample

2. List all the possible samples and compute the mean of each sample.

3. Construct a frequency distribution of the sample means obtained in

Step 2.