Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HOUSING
HOUSING
net/publication/340515883
HOUSING
CITATIONS READS
0 644
3 authors, including:
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Private Security Approaches and Residential Neighbourhood Safety in Lagos, Nigeria View project
All content following this page was uploaded by Femi Adekunle Balogun on 08 April 2020.
Charles O. OLATUBARA
Department of Urban and Regional Planning
University of Ibadan, Ibadan
coolatubara@yahoo.com
2348053851855
Gersh E. Henshaw
Department of Estate Management
College of technology, Calabar
gershgersh@yahoo.com
And
Femi A. BALOGUN
Department of Urban and Regional Planning
University of Ibadan, Ibadan
balogunfemi@ymail.com
2348052090896
Abstract
This paper reviewed the scholarly publications of Professor ‘Tunde Agbola in housing with a
view to realizing his contributions to knowledge in the area of housing development and
management in Nigeria. Concept of housing was used as anchor for the paper while deduction
was made from the synopsis of his publications in the area of; housing development process,
housing delivery services, housing management as a business, and ethics and professional skills
in housing. It was revealed that over the period of 18 years that housing was introduced as a
programme in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Professor
‘Tunde Agbola has made a giant stride in the world of housing profession by building capacity of
intended housing managers through training, teaching and research.
1.0 Introduction
According to European Network for Housing Research (1990), half of the world’s population
lives in urban areas. Yet the growth of urbanization in the developing world has not been
matched by a commensurate growth in the supply of decent housing. Gilbert (2000) opined that
millions of urban families in the developing countries face a severe housing problem. They live
1
in homes that lack adequate sanitation, have an irregular electricity supply and are built of flimsy
materials. However, the form that the housing problem takes varies greatly between and within
countries homelessness is significant in some places, elsewhere the main problem is one of
overcrowding or the unavailability of infrastructure and services.
Odongo (1979) expressed that housing shortage is the major component of the urban
housing problem in the developing countries. This is corroborated with the short-comings of
policy, lack of political will, limitations of housing finance, poor land management in urban
areas, lack of security of tenure, and lack of infrastructure and services as some of the issues that
confront citizens and policy-makers in developing countries, and provide a strong theme for
research, analysis and action.
Realization of the speculated objectives of housing in Nigeria gave birth to the
introduction of Housing as a programme in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning in
2001 through the leading effort of Professor Tunde Agbola with a view to building capacity of
the intending housing managers through training and research in order to address housing
debacle in Nigeria and developing countries at large. The resources of various disciplines are
being put together on the possible ways of integrating the conflicting demands on urban land in
Nigeria for housing through joint research of scholars, intellectuals and practitioners of housing
project in the housing market with a view to achieving live-able cities in the future urban areas in
Nigeria for sustainable urban growth and housing development.
It is on account of this, that this paper presents a review of the scholarly contributions of
Professor Tunde Agbola in ‘housing’ profession since its inception as a programme in
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, with a view to realizing the
potential contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the area of housing development and
management in Nigeria. However, the outline of the paper consists of the following: introduction
of housing as a programme, context of housing i.e. meaning, objectives and principles of
housing, concept of housing as an anchor for the paper, housing development process, housing
delivery services, management of housing as a business, ethic and professional skills in housing.
1. Agbola, Tunde, Egunjobi, Layi and Olatubara, C.O., (ed), 2nd Edition, 2016, Housing
Development and Management: A Book of Readings, Department of urban and Regional
Planning, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
2. Agbola, Tunde 1989. “An Introduction to the Type, of Housing Units in Nigeria”, in
Agbola, Tunde (ed) Real Estate Investment in Nigeria Linnet Paul Publication, London,
pp.8-12.
3. Agbola, Tunde and Onibokun, Poju. 1990. “Urban Housing Problems: Implications for
the Construction Industry in Nigeria” in Onibokun (ed) Urban Housing in Nigeria,
NISER, pp.361-391.
5
4. Agbola, Tunde. 1994. “Formal and Informal Housing in The Ibadan City Region”, in
Filani and Akintola (ed) Ibadan Region, New Edition.
5. Agbola, Tunde and E.O. Agbola, 2007, “Housing Sector Development and Employment
Generation”, Proceedings of the 2006 Annual Conference of the Nigerian Economic
Society, Ibadan, pp.291-308.
The synopsis of Professor Tunde Agbola’s scholarly contributions revealed that housing
development process ranging from creating a development strategy (information gathering),
finding a site, land matters (acquisition, classification and conversion of the land with the project
to be developed), planning stages (developing a request for proposal, licenses and approval),
selecting a developer, housing production, selecting property manager, occupancy and services.
Information on what to know, how to start, when to start and where to start is very important in
housing development process. Finding the exact and appropriate site that suit the proposed
housing development is the appropriate site that answered the question, of what, how, when and
where to start the proposed housing development. The third stage is land matters (which include:
acquisition, classification and conversion. Land acquisition phase- the developer looks for land
that fit the criteria of the project (land prospecting), diligently check for illegal or natural
impediments, then negotiation follows, that is to possess the land or enter into a joint venture
with the land owner (transfer or title), joint venture signing. Land classification phase is all about
going to the Bureau of Physical Planning and Development Control at the Local Government to
find out if the classification of the land (approved land zoning) is in conformity to the proposed
housing development, and if the not developer proceed to seek for conversion approved by the
Ministry of Physical Planning and Development Control at the State Government. Fourth
Planning stage – developer comes up with sub-development plans i.e. geological studies,
topographic survey and development plan, roads and other infrastructure (i.e. electrical, drainage,
water system, other civil works), building plan programme of development, working study, bid
of materials, cost estimate and financial projections. Licenses and permits form the fifth stage in
housing development. Filling of licenses and document. Once this is done the application for
development permit has to be filled with the Bureau of Physical Planning and Development
Control at the local government level. These licenses and permits shall include plays approval
process, licenses to build and sell or lease the housing property. The sixth stage is selecting a
6
developer that will implement the proposed housing plan to details. The seventy stage include
the identifying and commissioning of a licensed property manager that will see to the
management of the housing property in terms of allotting occupancy type, and maintenance
services.
2. Agbola, Tunde and Adegoke, S.A. 2007, “Economics of Housing”, in Agbola, Tunde,
Egunjobi, Layi and Olatubara, C.O., Housing Development and Management: A Book of
Readings, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Ibadan,
pp.107-149.
3. Agbola, Tunde and Olatubara, C.O. 2007, “Private Sector Driven Housing Delivery in
Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects” in Nubi, T.O., Omirin, M.M. and Afolayan, A.S.
(ed), Private Sector Driven Housing Delivery in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and
Prospects, Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos, pp.3.25.
4. Agbola, Tunde, 2009, “The Challenges of Housing Sector Reform in Nigeria (1999-
2007)”, in Kadiri, W.A. (ed), Our cities, Our Future: Dialogue on Urban Planning
Challenges and Management, Fabiyi Press, Lagos, pp.101-124.
5. Agbola, S.B. 2010, “The Housing Sector in Retrospect and the Prospect of Housing
Sufficiency in the Next 50 years” in Akande, S.O. and Kumuyi, A.J., Nigeria at 50:
Accomplishments, Challenges and Prospects, Nigeria Institute of Social and Economic
Research (NISER), pp.535-564.
6. Agbola, Tunde, 1990: “Affordability and Cost Recovery in Shelter Projects: The Case of
Nigeria”, Third World Planning Review, Vol.12, No. 1, Feb. pp.59-74.
7
7. Agbola, Tunde, 1991. “The Mobilization of Finance for Rural Housing Development in
Nigeria”, Journal of International Development, vol.3, No.5, pp. 515-529.
The synopsis of Professor Tunde Agbola scholarly contributions revealed the thematic
areas of significant roles performed by individuals, government, non-governments and finance
institutions in housing delivery services in Nigeria. The significant roles of principal actors
identified in housing delivery services include: individual – this consists of individual housing
developers who engages in project viability studies, designing and provision of funds for the
implementation of the housing project with basic amenities without the intervention of the
government. Individual housing developers engage the services of independent building
contractors in the construction of buildings and infrastructure. They are solely responsible for
determining the margin of profit and marketing of the completed housing. Government – this
consists of both federal and state governments. The federal housing agencies comprised of The
Federal Ministry of Environment Housing and Urban Development (FMEHUD), the Federal
Housing Authority (FHA) and the Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN). The state housing
agencies comprised of Housing and Property Development Corporations and Primary Mortgage
Institutions (PMIs). Government plays a significant role in housing delivery services either
through public – private partnership or sole government. The process involves that government
(Federal or State) provide the land and policy framework, complete housing delivery scheme
with provision of infrastructure and social services with or without commercial private housing
developers and some housing finance institutions as partners. In this case, government
determines profit margin and marketing of the completed housing units with or without private
housing developers. Non-government organizations – these consist of private sector
organizations, which include: commercial private housing developers, building contractors and
membership of the Real Estate Developers Association of Nigeria (REDAN), Private Primary
Mortgage Institutions (PMD) and commercial banks. Private housing developers like the
individual/housing developers play a significant role in housing delivery services by getting
involved in the project viability studies, the design and provision of funds for the implementation
of the housing project with basic amenities with or without government intervention. Private
housing developers engage the services of independent building contractors for the construction
of buildings and basic infrastructure. In this case, private housing developers determine the price
8
margin and marketing of the completed housing units. Finance Institution – this consists of
Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN), state government Primary Mortgage Institutions
(PMIs), and Private Mortgage Institutions (PMIs) through commercial banks. These finance
institution’s play a significant role in providing both private and individual housing developers
access to housing finances that enable them to acquire land and build completed housing units.
1. Agbola, Tunde 1989. “Understanding The Nigerian Housing or Real Estate Market”, in
Agbola, Tunde (ed) Op Cit., 13-17.
2. Agbola, Tunde, 2007, “Housing as a Profession”, in Agbola, Tunde, Egunjobi Layi and
Olatubara, C.O., Housing Development and Management: A Book of Readings,
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, pp.1-12.
3. Agbola, Tunde, 1990, “The Housing Delivery System and Evaluation of the Housing
Situation in Abuja and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT)” Workshop on Abuja – The
Past, Present and Future, 4-7 Sept., Sheraton, Abuja.
4. Agbola, Tunde, 1989 (ed) Real Estate Investment in Nigeria, Linnet Paul Publications,
London.
5. Agbola, Tunde, 2005, “Real Estate Cycles and Housing Marketing Dynamics” Lead
Paper Presented at the Formal Inauguration of the Housing Development and
Management Forum, 1-2 November, 2005 at the Conference Center, University of
Ibadan.
9
be successful in managing different kinds of people and real estate together. These qualities
include: good communication skills, time management principle, and detail-oriented skill.
The scholarly contributions of Professor Agbola in housing also revealed an outlay of
step by step guide on starting a property management business in Nigeria as follow:
Setting Up Your Business- This as to do with going to Corporate Affairs Commission
(C.A.C.) to register your property management company as limited liability in order to make it
legal. Secure good office phone numbers, email addresses, business cards and so on. Get a good
office location that is accessible to all and equip it with office equipment to start up with. More
interestingly, you can do most of these simply and inexpensively, until your business takes off
enough for you to afford more costly services.
Finding Clients – This can only be achieved through networking with different kinds of
people at every point in time with a good brief of what your company can offer them and do
better than others in the area of property management. This can also be possible by placing
adverts with catchy captions on the interact about your property management business and what
your company is up to in the world of property business management. Property managers can
also join local real investors and landlords. Non-traditional places and events can also be
exploited for networking opportunities with local hard money lenders who are stuck with rental
properties.
Filing the Rental Units – This has to do with who occupies what which can be more
challenging. There is affordable different platform chart that can be used as tenant pool i.e.
weekly newspaper, local daily, internet page, bill board etc. It is the responsibility of property
manager to consider how your target tenants looks for and find apartments for rent, and then
focus on that medium. Also, property managers must comply with the rules and regulations that
govern the business buy setting up different kinds of form that give enough information about
your intended clients such as application form, commitment form, background information form,
specific lease agreement form which includes all required addendum and disclosures.
Property Management – This talk more about the proactive and reactive attribute of
property managers when dealing with tenants because most of the issues that emanate between
property managers and tenants can be dealt with immediately at the point before it get out of
hand and lead to lawsuits, damaged rental properties and payment defaults. Therefore, good
property management companies strive to minimize risk (namely the risk of litigation and
10
damage to rental units) and maximize clients’ profits (by slashing variance rates and
maintenance/repair costs). Offering different attractable incentives to the tenants under your
management can be used to achieve client’s profits maximization.
1. Agbola, Tunde 2002, “Housing As a Profession”, Paper Presented at the One Day
Seminar of the Association of Housing and Development Students of the University of
Ibadan, 22 August, Cocoa Dome, Ibadan.
2. Agbola, Tunde, 2009, “Real Estate Cycles and Real Estate Profession: Riding Through
the Storm”, Keynote Paper at the Annual Dinner of the NIESV, Oyo State Chapter, Jogor
Center, Ibadan, 23 July.
3. Agbola, Tunde, Egunjobi, Layi and Olatubara, C.O., (ed) 2nd Edition, 2016, Housing
Development and Management: A Book of Reading, Department of Urban and Regional
Planning, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
11
ensure that ones’ professional judgement is not compromised; build trust in oneself, your
employer/business and your profession; honour your duty of care to your clients and customers,
your colleagues, your organization and the community in which you work and never take
advantage of your position for personal gain; follow through on your commitments; and being
impartial in your treatment of others.
Take Responsibility – This is attained by ensuring that one has all the relevant
information before taking action; take the time to understand the context of the situation and the
needs of those involved; act within the scope of your competence and your role; reflect on the
outcome of your decisions and learn from them to improve your skills in the future; act in the
best interest of others; and ensure you consider the impact of your decisions broadly.
Maintaining Professional Competence – This can be attained by keeping ones’ skills
and knowledge up to date so that one works effectively, strive to achieve the highest personal
standards; honestly assess ones development needs and be committed to personal development;
take responsibility for ones’ developments and don’t wait to be directed by others; support others
in their development and be an advocate for the practice as well as lessons from ones’ mistakes.
Make a difference – He summitted that trusting in ones’ professional judgement and not
being afraid to act; asking questions when ones’ feels something is not right; fostering
independence and empowering others to take control of their lives; challenging negative
stereotypes; contributing positively to those ones’ is responsible to particularly, the colleagues,
ones’ organization and the community; being an advocate of the profession, and being prepared
to be innovative and encourage change.
Conclusion
This paper has been able to consider the state of housing development and management
and the factors that craved the need for the introduction of housing as a programme in the
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, given background
information on the meaning, objectives and principles of housing as a concept. More so, synopsis
of Agbola’s scholarly contributions to housing development process, housing delivery services,
management of housing as a business, ethic and professional skills in housing have been
carefully and logically narrated. However, going through some of the scholarly publications of
Professor ‘Tunde Agbola in the world of housing profession, it can be concluded that he has
12
made an outstanding contributions to housing development and management through his
advocacy that housing should be seen as an essential commodity which is fundamental to human
right and it should be made affordable to all in the sense that housing costs should not be so high
as being equated to food, education and access to healthcare.
13
References
Agbola, T. (1998). The Housing of Nigerians: A Review of Policy Development and
Implementation in Financing Housing Services Delivery and Its Challenges in Nigeria,
Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, Vol.7, No.4, 2016.
Chartered Institute of Housing (2015). Code of Ethics retrieved online from www.cih.org on 8
April, 2019.
Ehlers and Steel (1965). Municipal and Rural Sanitation. Sixth edition in Basic Principles of
Healthy Housing, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, retrieved online
online8thFebruray, 2019 from http://www.center for disease control and
prevention/environmental health.
European Network for Housing Research (1990). Housing in Developing Countries, retrieved
online on 1 January, 2019 from www.enhrhousingindvelopingcountries.com
Frampton, K. (1973). The Evolution of Housing Concepts. The Museum of Modern Art, New
York.
Gilbert, A. (2000). Housing in Third World Cities: The Critical Issues, Geographical Association
Journal, Vol.85, No.2, p.1, retrieved online 1 January, 2019, from
https./www.jstor.org/stable/405773408.
Housing Element (2013). Housing Goals, Objectives, Policies and Programs, Department of
City Planning, Los Angeles, pp.6-12.
Nightingale, F. (2009). Basic Principles of Healthy Housing, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, retrieved online, 8 February 2019 from http://www.centerfor
diseasecontrolandprevention/onvhealth.
Odongo, J. (1979). Housing deficit in cities of the Third World: fact or fiction in Housing in The
Third World Cities and Sustainable Urban Developments, Developing Country Studies,
Vol.4, No.8, p.112.
Ruonavaara, H. (2017). Theory of Housing, From Housing, About Housing. Housing, Theory
and Society 35(2): 178-192. Taylor & Francis Online
14
Ranasinghe, W.C. and Hanakumara, G.P.T. (2018). Spatial Modelling of the householders’
perception and assessment of the potentiality to improve the urban green coverage in
residential areas: A case study from Issadeen Town Matava, Sri Lanka, Ruhuna Journal of
Science, Vol. 9(1); http.//rjs.ruh.ac.lk/index.php/rjs/article/view/174
15