Capitol University

Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

REFLECTION #2
There are many factors affecting the validity of a test. Kindly enumerate five (5) and elucidate it.

The test measures are influenced by a number of variables, including age, sex, ability level, educational
background, and cultural background. As a result, the test manuals ought to include mention of the
validation group's character.

Another crucial factor to take into account while analyzing the validity coefficient is the type of criterion
that was employed. For instance, results from a scientific aptitude test are probably more reliable
indicators of success in an environmental studies course.

The validity coefficient increases, other things being equal, with the degree of similarity between the
performance assessed by the test and the performance indicated in the criterion.

In my own point of view the five primary elements influencing a test's reliability. They include:
1. The Test's Own Factors
2. Working Material and Teaching Method
3. Administration and Scoring Factors
4. Influences on Students' Reaction
5. The group's nature and the standard,

For test’s own, each test has a set of items, and a close examination of the test items will reveal whether
the test appears to evaluate the subject matter material and the mental abilities the teacher desires to
assess. Working materials teaching style meaning the functioning content of test items in achievement
testing cannot be identified solely by looking at the test's shape and substance. Before include a particular
problem in the test, the teacher must thoroughly explain how to solve it.

Complex learning outcomes tests appear to be reliable if the test items serve their intended purpose. Such
tests are no longer reliable tools for assessing the more sophisticated mental processes, which has an
impact on their validity if the students have prior knowledge of how to solve the problem on the test.

On the other hand, administration scoring factor, the validity of the interpretations drawn from the results
may also be impacted by how the exam was administered and scored. For instance, in exams created by
teachers, elements such as insufficient time allotted for completion, unfair assistance given to specific
students, cheating while taking the test, and the erroneous scoring of essay replies may reduce the
validity.
Similar problems with following instructions and time limitations, giving pupils unapproved help, and
scoring mistakes would likely to reduce the validity of standardized examinations. Adverse physical and
psychological conditions during the testing period could impair the validity of any exam, whether it is one
that the teacher created or one that is standardized.

The fourth factor is the student’s reaction, there are some individual elements that affect how students
respond to exam situations and render test interpretation inaccurate. Students that are emotionally
disturbed, lack motivation, and test anxiety may cause them to behave abnormally, which could
ultimately compromise the validity of the results. The test outcomes are also impacted by the response
set. The students' test-taking behavior has an impact on their grade. A test's validity may be compromised
if it is utilized repeatedly.

Lastly, the group’s nature, You have already been informed that validity is always particular to a certain
group. In order to measure reasoning abilities in a sluggish group and a combination of simple
information recall and computation skills in a more advanced group, we might, for instance, use an
arithmetic test based on story problems.

There are certain factors like age, sex, ability level, educational background and cultural background
which influence the test measures. Therefore, the nature of the validation group should find a mention in
the test paper.

In general, there are many variables that can affect test validity; the more variables we take into account,
the more trustworthy and credible the results become. The required and setup vary depending on the
location. As the test's designer and producer, we must take its comprehensiveness into account.