Pronunciati,on folder ·

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Vowels (1)

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Diphthongs

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English has short and long vowel sounds. The
A diphthong is a vowel sound in which the tongue
changes position to make the sound of two vowels.

symbol indicates a long vowel sound. 1 Listen and repeat the diphthong sounds in the
chart.
1 Listen and repeat the vowel sounds in the
chart. 2 Match the underlined sounds in the words with the
diphthongs.
2 Long or short? Put the words in the correct column.
brf!ocelet casual choice clQthes earrings
bf!ock boots bought fit high-heeled high-heeled outrageous pfilr
leather look money sandf!ols shQpping
ski_rt smart st!!ff \ /eg/ hg/ /ug/ hi/ /a1/ /e1/ /gu/ /au/

Now listen and check.

3 Listen to the words. Underline the word in each

group that does not contain a diphthong.
a model designer salesperson
Now listen and check.
b wear put take
3 Listen to the phrases. Match each underlined c girlfriend boyfriend wife
sound with the correct phonetic symbol. d older brighter thinner
a eat it, honey hi Iii Ii:/ e desirable awful weird
b woollen suit /u/ /u:/ 4 Look at the underlined letters in the words. Circle the
c th~ girl /g/ 13:/ number of ways each letter is pronounced.
d awful sQcks lo/ h:/ a We dQn't wQrk Qn MQndays, SQrry. 3 4 5
e flntique market /re/ /a:/ b The sweater you're wearing
4 ' Listen and repeat the sentences. Be careful is great, but it isn't very clean, dear. 3 4 5
with the long vowel sounds. c ThQse shoes are Qnly fQr shQrt
a Are you r ady to dr ss wQmen - they're SQ high! 3 4 5
b I lo e le s s and b s ts. · Now listen and check.
tlque. There's o hing for
S Match the underlined letters in the words with
p. the sounds.

S Work in pairs. Write sentences with the phrasal verbs wQke WQman wQmen wQn wQrds
and practise saying them. wound

\ hi lul 13:/ I Al /du/ /u:/

Now listen and check.

PRONUNCIATION FOLDER
Consonants ( 1) Consonants (2): Isl
1 : Listen to five sentences. Count the number of
p f /s/ sounds you hear in each sentence.
a
t k b
e tf c
d .......................
s f e
: Listen again and write the sentences.
2
m IJ a
.
1 r w J b
c
d
When you say 'unvoiced' consonants, you can feel e ··················································································································-····
your breath coming out of your mouth.
Now practise saying the sentences.
When you say 'voiced' consonants, you can feel
your throat vibrate. Remember: Don't add a syllable before words that
begin Isl + consonant.
1 · Listen to the pairs of consonant sounds. Can EXAMPLES school, Spain, start.
you hear the difference between the voiced and
unvoiced sounds? 3 With a partner, say the sentences with the number of
a /p/ lb / e /8/ lo/ syllables in brackets.
b /f/ /v/ f /tJ/ /d3/ a Can I see your special spoon? (7)
c It / Id/ g /s/ /z/ b We saw a small snake last spring. (7)
d /kl lg/ h !JI /3/ c She should buy some slippers for Steve. (8)
Now listen again and repeat the sounds. Notice what d There are so many stars in the sky. (9)
your throat does. e The man in the suit wasn't scared when she
started to shoot. (14)
2 Listen to five sentences. Circle the word you
hear. · Now listen and check. Repeat the sentences.

a pan I ban The consonant sounds !JI, /3/ and /z/ are similar
b try I dry to /s/, and they are often confused by Spanish-
c fan I van speaking exam candidates.
d bus I buzz
e backs I bags 4 Match the underlined letters in the words with the
sounds.
Now listen again and repeat the sentences.

3 Write your own sentences using one word from each

\ ~ip fillip vi~ion kip
pair in exercise 2 .
\ /z/ /3/ /s/ !JI
4 Work with a partner. Read your sentences. Your
partner must guess which words you chose. ' Now listen and check. Repeat the words.

5 Work with a partner. Write a sentence with as many

of these words as possible. Practise saying your
sentence.

cruise ships fishing places hotel reception

PRONUNCIATION FOLDER
Word stress Sentence stress
Remember: Most two-syllable nouns and adjectives 1 Look at the sentence. Which words are 'grammar
are stressed on the first syllable. But there are words' and which are 'information words'?
exceptions! Underline the stressed syllable of new
words to help you.
I We really speak English like this. I
· Now listen to the sentence. Which words does
1 Put the words in the correct column, according to the speaker stress?
their stress pattern.
2 Listen to two sentences. Which speaker is
abroad famous attend happy modern easier to understand, A or B? Why?
music selfish arrive suppose become
~ - ----- --- ---
3 Work with a partner. Read the sentences and decide
•• oO which words will be stressed.
a Do you know what I mean?
b Where did you buy your trainers?
Now listen and check. Practise saying the c Would you like to be famous one day?
words. d Rivers are polluted by factories.
e The large cat looked like a cheetah.
Remember: Some two-syllable words change
f When we got there, we went to the reception to
meaning when the stress changes.
check in.
2 Listen to the sentences. Underline the stressed · Now listen and check.
syllable of the highlighted words. Are they verbs (V)
4 With a partner, take turns to say the sentences in
or nouns (N)?
exercise 3.
a My cousin gave me a present . ........... .
b What time will they present the prize? ........... . Remember: Using sentence stress can make your
c The company's main export is clothing ............. speech sound more lively and interesting.
d We export mainly to Europe ............ .
e I object to what you're saying. It's wrong ............ . 5 Read the short conversation. Which words will be
f Please place any metal objects on the tray............ . stressed?
3 With a partner, practise saying the sentences in A: Did you have a good holiday?
exercise 2. B: No, it was awful.
A: Oh,no!Whathappened?
4 Underline the stressed syllable in these multi-syllable B: The hotel was so noisy. We didn't sleep at all.
words. A: Pooryou!
a celebrity b commercial c deduction B: And then I got food poisoning and had to stay
d discussion e holiday f imaginary in all week.
g information h photograph i pollution A: That sounds terrible.
speculation B: How about you? How was your holiday?
A: It was great. We stayed at home.
Now listen and check. What do you notice
about the words that end -ion? With a partner, take B: That sounds absolutely perfect! I'm going to do
turns saying the words. that next year.
Now listen and check. Practise the
Dictionaries use the symbol /'/ to show which
conversation with a partner.
syllable in a word is stressed.
hotel - /h~m'tel/ hostel - / 'host;}l/

PRONUNCIATION FOLDER
Vowels (2): /~/ Vowels (3): /Al and /3:/
The most frequent sound in English is fo/. The sound I Al is short. It's the sound in up I Ap/.

1 : Listen to the words and underline the 1 Read the phonetic script and write the words.
/-;;ii sound. a If An/ ...................... .
author behaviour comfortable b / 'bASJZ/ ...................... .
photograph player C /'SAnif .......................
d /An 'hel8i/ ...................... .
2 Look again at the words in exercise 1. Which letter(s) Now listen and check. Practise saying the
correspond to the fa/ sound in each word? words.

3 Which word in each group doesn't contain the 2 Listen to four pairs of words. Circle the word
/-;;ii sound? you hear in each pair.
a sweater trousers skirt a cut I cat
b soccer mountaineering stadium b but I bat
c pilot neighb our nurse c much I match
d babies toddlers children d money I many
e dangerous amazing justified
3 Say the sentences.
· Now listen and check. Practise saying the a Sam's fast but his running isn't fast enough.
words. b Jack's cat hunted a rat and had it for lunch.
c The match is fun, but I have to run.
The /g/ sound is hardly ever used in stressed
syllables. Now listen and check. Say the sentences as
fast as you can!
4 Complete the questions with unstressed words and
phrases. Use the phonetic script to help you. The sound 13:/ is long. It's the sound in bird fb3: d/.
a Do you ....................... /' evg/ go ....................... /tg/
4 Circle the correct phonetic script for each word.
concerts in stadiums?
b How ....................... /d1d3g/ feel ....................... /og/ first a walk 1 /w3:k/ 2 /w'J:k/
day? b walled 1 /w'J:ld/ 2 /w3:ld/
c How many children ....................... /goegr/ in your c bad 1 /bred/ 2 /b3:d/
d fast 1 /fo:st/ 2 /fa:st/
family?
d What ....................... /g/ your favourite sports Now write the words for the phonetic script you
....................... /gn/ why? didn't circle.

• Now listen and check. Practise saying the 5 Write answers to the questions. Then circle the 13:/
sentences. sound in the questions.

5 With a partner, take turns to ask and answer the a How many birds can you name in English?
questions in exercise 4. b What's the furthest you've ever travelled from
home?
c What's the worst thing you've ever eaten?
6 With a partner, take it in turns to ask and answer the
questions in exercise 5.

PRONUNCIATION FOLDER
Consonants (3): lb/, /v/ and /(J/ Consonants (4): It/ and /di;
lb/ and /v/ can be difficult to pronounce. final consonants
Remember: lb/ is the sound in bad. !vi is the sound
in van. /ti and /d/ can be difficult to pronounce.
Remember: It/ is the sound in ten. It's unvoiced.
Listen and repeat the words with the /v/ Id/ is the sound in did. It's voiced.
sound.
1 Listen to five phrases. Count the number of /t/
available interview previous survive and /d/ sounds you hear.
travelling visual r-
a b c d I e
2 Listen to five pairs of sentences. Circle the It/
+
sentence that you hear in each pair, 1 or 2. Id/
a 1 I've been busy.
2 I'd been busy. 2 Listen again and write the phrases.
b 1 We've bought a van. Then practise saying the phrases. Make sure you use
2 We bought a van. the correct number of /t/ and / d/ sounds.
c 1 They've never travelled abroad.
2 They'd never travelled abroad. Sometimes it can be difficult to hear the final
d 1 Have Beth and Ian seen this? consonant sound in a word.
2 Had Beth and Ian seen this?
e 1 They've been thinking about it. 3 : Listen and circle the word in each group that
2 They'd been thinking about it. you hear.

3 Work with a partner. Say a sentence from each pair in

a bag back batch
exercise 2 for your partner to guess. b pig pick pitch
c game gain gained
Remember: The sound lo/ is voiced. It's the sound d thin think thing
in this. e shopping shop in

4 Say the phrases.

a the title of the last book When a word or phrase has several consonants
b the star of the film together, we often don't pronounce one of the
c the darkest day of the year consonants. But we always pronounce the letter s.
d the singer of the song
e the capital of the biggest country S · ' Listen to the sentences. Cross out the sound in
the underlined groups of consonants that you do not
s · Listen and repeat the questions.
hear.
6 Work with a partner. Take turns to ask and answer the a Parents raise boys and girls very differently.
questions in exercise 5. b His parents divorced when he was 12.
c I loved trying on second-hand clothes.
Now listen and check. Repeat the sentences.

PRONUNCIATION FOLDER
Connected speech Intonation
When a word that ends in a consonant is before a Intonation can show the emotion behind the words.
word that ends in a vowel, the two words connect. It's important to recognise and use intonation for
effective communication.
1 Listen and repeat the phrases. Notice how the
words connect. 1 Listen to the conversation four times. Number
earth\ _,a tmosphere laV<\__,a n d'--'a sh Speaker B's emotions in the order you hear them.
volcanic'--'e ruption more'--'e arthquakes A: I've passed my exam.
2 Listen to the sentences. Mark the words that
B: Congratulations!
connect.
a The film's ending in a minute.
b I love autumnal evenings.
c An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
d Have you got an aspirin at all?
e We saw a programme about earthquakes.
Now practise saying the sentences.

3 Write the words in the correct order to make

sentences. Mark the words that connect.
a an I awful I idea. I That's
b for I Is I it I lunch I salad I or sandwiches?
c enough I or orange juice. I ice cream I There I 2 Work with a partner. Take turns saying the words
isn't with different intonation. Your partner must guess
d A I ahead. I car I dark I loomed I of I out I the the emotion.

Now listen and check. Repeat the sentences. Sorry. Hello. What?
When your intonation varies, you sound polite and
When the final sound of a word is the same as the
interested.
first sound of the next word, you only hear one.
EXAMPLE bus stop is pronounced /'bAstnp/.
3 · · Listen to three pairs of sentences. Circle the
speaker in each pair who sounds more polite.
4 Read the phonetic script and write the two-word
phrases. a Speaker 1 Speaker 2
b Speaker 1 Speaker 2
a /~ml 'dng/ ........................................
c Speaker 1 Speaker 2
b /tfi :'s'J:s/ ........................................
c / 'hgute'lobi/ ....................................... . Now listen again. Repeat the sentences that sound
d /'3:d3gn 'tri:tmgnt/ ....................................... . more polite.

· · Now listen and check. Repeat the phrases. 4 Complete the conversation.

5 Work with a partner. Write your own two-word A: Could you tell me the time, please?
phrases. Practise saying them. B: (1) ....................................... .
A: Thank you!
A: Do you happen to have a pen I could borrow?
B: (2) ....................................... .
A: OK, never mind. Thanks.
Work with a partner. Practise saying the conversation
politely.

PRONUNCIATION FOLDER