Inrush current of the transformer is the maximum instantaneous current

which is drawn by the primary of the transformer when the secondary

side of transformer is open circuit. The maximum value which is attained
by the flux is over twice the normal flux when the inrush current in
present. The nature of this inrush current is transient and only exists for
few milliseconds. As compared to the normal rated current of transformer,
this inrush current is 10 times higher. That’s why the inrush currents are
rich in harmonics, particularly the second harmonic. Thus, to block or to
increase the restraint during the inrush current conditions, the second-
harmonic content in the differential currents has been used traditionally
in transformer. The magnitude of inrush current is high but it does not
create any permanent fault in transformer. It is because inrush current
exists for small period of time. Inrush current in power transformer
creates problem as it interferes with the circuit operations.

Effects due to high inrush current include unwanted interruptions in fuse

and breaker, arcing and failure of components of primary circuit like
switches. High magnetizing inrush current in transformer results in over-
sizing of fuses or breakers. They also inject noise and distortion.