Computer system Architecture (‫)ﻓﻦ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ‬

Definition of computer System:

A computer system is basically a machine that simplifies complicated tasks. It should maximize
performance and reduce costs as well as power consumption.

‫ﮐﻤﭙﯿﻮﭨﺮ ﺳﺴﭩﻢ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدی ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ اﯾﮏ ﻣﺸﯿﻦ ﮨﮯ ﺟﻮ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪہ ﮐﺎﻣﻮں ﮐﻮ آﺳﺎن ﺑﻨﺎﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ۔ اﺳﮯ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﮔﯽ ﮐﻮ زﯾﺎدہ ﺳﮯ زﯾﺎدہ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ‬
‫ﭼﺎﮨﯿﮯ اور اﺧﺮاﺟﺎت ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺑﺠﻠﯽ ﮐﯽ ﮐﮭﭙﺖ ﮐﻮ ﺑﮭﯽ ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮨﯿﮯ۔‬

Components of computer System:

1) Input unit

2) Output unit

3) Storage unit

4) Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

5) Control unit, etc.

(Diagram) Flow of data between different units

 Explanation of diagram:

*Input data moves from input unit to ALU.

*Computed data moves from ALU to output unit.

*Data continuously moves from storage unit to ALU and back ALU to storage unit.

*Control unit controls all other units and all data of units.

Explanation of computer unit’s

1)Input unit:

Input unit provides data to computer from outside. It collects data from input devices and
convert it into machine readable language and then loads it in computer.

For example: mouse keyboard are input units .

‫ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدی ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ ﯾﮧ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ ﻣﺎﺣﻮل ﮐﻮ ﮐﻤﭙﯿﻮﭨﺮ ﺳﮯ ﺟﻮڑﺗﺎ‬،‫ان ﭘﭧ ﯾﻮﻧﭧ ﮐﻤﭙﯿﻮﭨﺮ ﺳﺴﭩﻢ ﮐﻮ ﺑﺎﮨﺮ ﺳﮯ ڈﯾﭩﺎ ﻓﺮاﮨﻢ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ۔ ﻟﮩﺬا‬
‫ اﺳﮯ ﻣﺸﯿﻨﯽ زﺑﺎن ﻣﯿﮟ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ اور ﭘﮭﺮ اﺳﮯ ﮐﻤﭙﯿﻮﭨﺮ ﺳﺴﭩﻢ ﻣﯿﮟ ﻟﻮڈ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ۔‬،‫ﮨﮯ۔ ﯾﮧ ان ﭘﭧ ڈﯾﻮاﺋﺴﺰ ﺳﮯ ڈﯾﭩﺎ ﻟﯿﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ‬
‫ ﻣﺎؤس وﻏﯿﺮہ ﺳﺐ ﺳﮯ زﯾﺎدہ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮨﻮﻧﮯ واﻟﮯ ان ﭘﭧ ڈﯾﻮاﺋﺴﺰ ﮨﯿﮟ۔‬،‫ﮐﯽ ﺑﻮرڈ‬

2) output unit:

Output unit provides processed results of computer to user. Mostly, output data is in the form of
audio or video. For example, monitor, printer, speaker, headphone are output units.

‫آؤٹ ﭘﭧ ﯾﻮﻧﭧ ﮐﻤﭙﯿﻮﭨﺮ ﮐﮯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﮯ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺻﺎرﻓﯿﻦ ﮐﻮ ﻓﺮاﮨﻢ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﯾﮧ ﮐﻤﭙﯿﻮﭨﺮ ﮐﻮ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ ﻣﺎﺣﻮل ﺳﮯ ﺟﻮڑﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ۔‬
‫ ﮨﯿﮉ ﻓﻮن‬،‫ اﺳﭙﯿﮑﺮ‬،‫ ﭘﺮﻧﭩﺮز‬،‫زﯾﺎدہ ﺗﺮ آؤٹ ﭘﭧ ڈﯾﭩﺎ آڈﯾﻮ ﯾﺎ وﯾﮉﯾﻮ ﮐﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯿﮟ ﮨﻮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ۔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آؤٹ ﭘﭧ ڈﯾﻮاﺋﺴﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﯿﭩﺮ‬
‫وﻏﯿﺮہ ﮨﯿﮟ۔‬

3) Storage unit:

Storage unit is used to store data in computer and it is divided into two parts_Primary storage
and secondary storage.

*Primary storage is main memory and CPU can read it directly. For example RAM and ROM of
computer is primary storage memory.

*Secondary storage is not directly readable by CPU. Therefore, CPU transfers data from
secondary memory to primary memory and then reads it easily. For example, USB , audio video
Cassetts , CD, DVD are secondary storage memory.

‫اﺳﭩﻮرﯾﺞ ﯾﻮﻧﭧ ﻣﯿﮟ ﮐﻤﭙﯿﻮﭨﺮ ﮐﮯ ﺑﮩﺖ ﺳﮯ اﺟﺰاء ﮨﻮﺗﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ ﺟﻮ ڈﯾﭩﺎ ﮐﻮ ذﺧﯿﺮہ ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯿﮯ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮨﻮﺗﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ۔ ﯾﮧ رواﯾﺘﯽ‬
‫ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ ﭘﺮاﺋﻤﺮی اﺳﭩﻮرﯾﺞ اور ﺳﯿﮑﻨﮉری اﺳﭩﻮرﯾﺞ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﮨﮯ۔ ﭘﺮاﺋﻤﺮی اﺳﭩﻮرﯾﺞ ﮐﻮ ﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﻤﻮری ﮐﮯ ﻧﺎم ﺳﮯ ﺑﮭﯽ ﺟﺎﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ اور ﯾﮧ ﻣﯿﻤﻮری ﮨﮯ ﺟﻮ ﺳﯽ ﭘﯽ ﯾﻮ ﮐﮯ ذرﯾﻌﮯ ﺑﺮاہ راﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ رﺳﺎﺋﯽ ﮨﮯ۔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮی ﯾﺎ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ اﺳﭩﻮرﯾﺞ ﺳﯽ ﭘﯽ ﯾﻮ ﮐﮯ‬
‫ذرﯾﻌﮧ ﺑﺮاہ راﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ رﺳﺎﺋﯽ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﮨﮯ۔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮی اﺳﭩﻮرﯾﺞ ﺳﮯ ڈﯾﭩﺎ ﮐﻮ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدی اﺳﭩﻮرﯾﺞ ﻣﯿﮟ ﻻﻧﮯ ﮐﯽ ﺿﺮورت ﮨﮯ اس ﺳﮯ ﭘﮩﻠﮯ‬
‫ﮐﮧ‬CPU ‫اﺳﮯ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﮐﺮ ﺳﮑﮯ۔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮی اﺳﭩﻮرﯾﺞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻃﻮر ﭘﺮ ڈﯾﭩﺎ ﮐﯽ اﯾﮏ ﺑﮍی ﻣﻘﺪار ﭘﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﮨﮯ۔‬
‫)‪4) Arithmetic logic unit (ALU‬‬

‫‪Arithmetic logic unit can perform all calculations and operations (addition, subtraction,‬‬
‫‪multiplication, division, etc ) in computer.‬‬

‫‪To perform calculations, control unit transfers data from storage unit to ALU. Central‬‬
‫‪processing unit (CPU) is the combination of ALU and control unit.‬‬

‫‪،‬ﮐﻤﭙﯿﻮﭨﺮ ﺳﺴﭩﻢ ﺳﮯ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﮐﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﯾﻮﻧﭧ ﮐﮯ ذرﯾﻌﮧ اﻧﺠﺎم دﯾﮯ ﺟﺎﺗﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ۔ ﯾﮧ اﺿﺎﻓﮧ‪ ،‬ﮔﮭﭩﺎؤ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮب‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ وﻏﯿﺮہ ﺟﯿﺴﮯ ﮐﺎم اﻧﺠﺎم دے ﺳﮑﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ۔ ﮐﻨﭩﺮول ﯾﻮﻧﭧ ڈﯾﭩﺎ ﮐﻮ اﺳﭩﻮرﯾﺞ ﯾﻮﻧﭧ ﺳﮯ رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﯾﻮﻧﭧ ﻣﯿﮟ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬
‫ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺟﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﮐﯽ ﺿﺮورت ﮨﻮﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ۔ رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﯾﻮﻧﭧ اور ﮐﻨﭩﺮول ﯾﻮﻧﭧ ﻣﻞ ﮐﺮ ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﭘﺮوﺳﯿﺴﻨﮓ ﯾﻮﻧﭧ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺗﮯ ﮨﯿﮟ۔‬

‫‪5)Control unit:‬‬

‫‪Control unit controls all other units of computer System and is called central nervous‬‬
‫‪system of computer. It transfers data from storage unit to CPU. It also controls memory‬‬
‫‪of computer, ALU, input devices, output devices, etc.‬‬

‫ﯾﮧ ﯾﻮﻧﭧ ﮐﻤﭙﯿﻮﭨﺮ ﺳﺴﭩﻢ ﮐﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﻤﺎم اﮐﺎﺋﯿﻮں ﮐﻮ ﮐﻨﭩﺮول ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ اور اﺳﯽ ﻟﯿﮯ اﺳﮯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰی اﻋﺼﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﻈﺎم ﮐﮯ ﻧﺎم‬
‫ﺳﮯ ﺟﺎﻧﺎ ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ۔ ﯾﮧ ﺿﺮورت ﮐﮯ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﭘﻮرے ﮐﻤﭙﯿﻮﭨﺮ ﻣﯿﮟ ڈﯾﭩﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﺮﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺑﺸﻤﻮل اﺳﭩﻮرﯾﺞ ﯾﻮﻧﭧ ﺳﮯ‬
‫ﺳﯿﻨﭩﺮل ﭘﺮوﺳﯿﺴﻨﮓ ﯾﻮﻧﭧ ﺗﮏ اور اس ﮐﮯ ﺑﺮﻋﮑﺲ۔ ﮐﻨﭩﺮول ﯾﻮﻧﭧ ﯾﮧ ﺑﮭﯽ ﺑﺘﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﻣﯿﻤﻮری‪ ،‬ان ﭘﭧ آؤٹ ﭘﭧ‬
‫ڈﯾﻮاﺋﺴﺰ‪ ،‬رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﮐﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﯾﻮﻧﭧ وﻏﯿﺮہ ﮐﻮ ﮐﯿﺴﺎ ﺑﺮﺗﺎؤ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮨﯿﮯ۔‬