MIDTERM LABSTER ANSWER KEYS

E11
In Labster Simulation on Equilibrium, what compound is dinitrogen tetraoxide is in
equilibrium with at room temperature? NITROGEN DIOXIDE
In Labster Simulation on Equilibrium, when the syringe is put in the liquid nitrogen
tank, which compound has a decreased concentration? NO2
In the Labster Simulation on Equilibrium, what was in the syringe? N2O4 & NO2
When volume is reduced in an equilibrium reaction of gases, which side is favored in
a chemical reaction equation? THE SIDE WITH LOWER NUMBER OF MOLES
In the Labster Simulation on Equilibrium, when reaction forms products, which is
greater? Kc
In exothermic equilibrium reactions, what happens if heat is added? THE
EQUILIBRIUM WILL SHIFT TO THE REACTANT SIDE
What is the symbol of a reversible chemical reaction? DOUBLE ARROWS
What does catalysts do? THEY LOWER THE ACTIVATION ENERGY OF A
CHEMICAL REACTION
In getting the reaction quotient, the concentration of products and reactants are
taken when? AT ANY POINT IN TIME
In what reactions are reactants (A+B) are constantly converted into products (C+D)
and vice-versa? REVERSIBLE REACTIONS
In Haber process, where does the nitrogen come from? ATMOSPHERE
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium in producing ammonia, what was used as a
catalyst? STEEL WOOL
In the Labster Simulation on Equilibrium, what was the use of the liquid nitrogen
tank? TO INCREASE THE PRESSURE OF THE MIXTURE
What are substrates? REACTANTS
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium in producing ammonia, what is the best way
to increase yield of ammonia? INCREASE THE PRESSURE AND KEEP THE
TEMPERATURE AS LOW AS POSSIBLE
What happens in an equilibrium reaction if the pressure is decreased? THE
EQUILIBRIUM WILL SHIFT TO INCREASE THE PRESSURE
In a chemical reaction with a catalyst, what exists between the substrate and
product? A TRANSITION STATE
How is the equilibrium constant calculated? BY DIVIDING THE CONCETRATION
OF PRODUCTS BY THE CONCETRATION OF REACTANTS WHEREIN THE
CONCETRATION OF EACH SPECIES IS RAISED TO THE POWER OF THAT
SPECIES’ COEEFICIENT IN THE BALANCED CHEMICAL REQUATION
Which has the highest energy level? TRANSITION STATE
Which statement about a chemical equilibrium is correct? FORWARD AND
REVERSE REACTIONS HAPPEN AT EQUAL RATES
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, if the equilibrium constant is lesser than
one, then the mixture contains mostly what? REACTANTS
In an endothermic equilibrium reaction, where is the heat put in the chemical reaction
equation? REACTANT SIDE
What measures the composition of a reaction at equilibrium? EQUILIBRIUM
CONSTANT
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, which is the reactant? N2O4
In the equilibrium Labster simulation, what PPE’s did you use? LABCOAT, GLOVE,
AND SAFETY GOGGLES
When are the reaction quotient and the equilibrium constant equal? DURING
EQUILIBRIUM
Which has ta lower energy level during a reaction with a catalyst? SUBSTRATE
In equilibrium, what best describes the forward and backward reactions? THEY ARE
EQUAL
How does a catalyst influence a chemical equilibrium? IT SPEEDS UP THE RATE
OF THE BACK REACTIONS
In the Labster Simulation on Equilibrium in producing ammonia, what was the color
of the indicator to prove the presence of ammonia? PINK
What is the product of Haber process? AMMONIA
What happens to the concentration of reactants and products during equilibrium?
THEY ARE STABLE
In the Labster Simulation on Equilibrium in producing ammonia, what should you do
with the pressure in the combustion tube to produce more ammonia? INCREASE
What best describes a transition state during a chemical reaction? IT HAS A
HIGHER ENERGY LEVEL THAN BOTH THE SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT
What type of reaction is the Haber process? EXOTHERMIC
Is hydrogen gas flammable? YES
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, which is the product? NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Under what condition is Haber process done? HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH
PRESSURE
What describes the state of a reversible reaction? EQUILIBRIUM
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, which reaction was favored when pressure
was increased? FORWARD REACTION
Which of the following reaction is NOT reversible? FRYING AN EGG
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, whose concentration increased when
pressure is increased by plunging the syringe? BOTH
In endothermic equilibrium reactions, what happens if heat is added? EQUILIBRIUM
WILL SHIFT TO THE REACTANT SIDE
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, what was the color of nitrogen dioxide?
BROWN
What happens to a chemical reaction in equilibrium if we increase the concentration
of reactants? THE EQUILIBRIUM WILL SHIFT TO THE PRODUCT SIDE
During equilibrium, what is the relationship between Q and Kc? THEY ARE EQUAL
What happens in an equilibrium reaction if the pressure is increased? THE
EQUILIBRIUM WILL SHIFT TO THE SIDE WHERE THE NUMBER OF MOLES IS
LOWER
In thermodynamics, what do you call a system when there is a thermodynamic
equilibrium and reactions occur at such rates that the composition of the mixture
does not change with time? CLOSED SYSTEM
What is the Haber process? USED TO PRODUCE FERTILIZER BY FIXING
ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN
What happens in an equilibrium reaction if the pressure is increased? THE
EQUILIBRIUM WILL MOVE IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE PRESSURE AGAIN
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, which is greater when reaction forms
reactants? Q
What state that if an equilibrium is distributed by changing the conditions, the
equilibrium moves to the left or right (reactant or product side) to counteract this
change. LE CHATELIER’S PRINCIPLE
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, if the equilibrium is greater than one, then
the mixture contains mostly the what? PRODUCTS
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, which has greater concentration during
equilibrium? N2O4
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, what was the color of the nitrogen atom?
BLUE
What happens in an equilibrium reaction if the pressure is decreased? THE
EQUILIBRIUM WILL SHIFT TO THE SIDE, WHERE THE NUMBER OF MOLES IS
HIGHER
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, what is the use of ammonia? FERTILIZER
What happens if we increase the concentration of molecules on one side of the
reaction equation? THE EQUILIBRIUM WILL SHIFT TO THE OPPOSITE SIDE
How do you describe a reaction from a substrate to a product during a reaction with
catalyst? FROM ONE ENERGY STATE TO ANOTHER
In the Haber process chemical equilibrium reaction, in which direction will the
equilibrium be shifted by heating the reaction chamber? TO THE LEFT
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, what was the color of N2O4?
TRANSPARENT
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, what was Paz afraid about? FAMINE
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, when you put the syringe in a beaker with
boiling water, what increased? THE PRODUCT
In the Labster simulation on equilibrium, what was the color of the gases inside the
syringe when put in the liquid nitrogen tank? COLORLESS
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium, what was the color of hydrogen atom? RED
In equilibrium, are the concentrations of each product and each reactant always
equal? YES
In the Labster simulation on Equilibrium in producing ammonia, what was the source
of heat? BUNSEN BURNER

E12
During the titration simulation, what was the standard solution used? SODIUM
HYDROXIDE
During titration, what holds the burette? CLAMP
What is the best apparatus you should use in measuring the volume of an unknown
solution to be put in a conical flask? VOLUMETRIC FLASK
What should you do to the conical flask when the end-point is near?
CONTINUOUSLY SWIRL
In the acid-alkali titration, the pH changes quickly from 3 to 10 with equivalence point
at pH 7. If we used bromothymol blue as an indicator, when will we reach the end-
point? WHEN THE SOLUTIONS TURN FROM YELLOW TO BLUE
What should be done to reduce the risk when working with concentrated acids and
bases? NEUTRALIZE IT
What do you add to the conical flask during titration aside from the unknown
solution? INDICATOR
Where is the zero scale of the burette located? ON TOP
What do you call the difference between the first and final reading during titration?
TITER
By performing titration, we will able to determine the titre. The titre is the total volume
of solution added to reach the end-point of the titration. If the final burette reading is
28.45 mL and the initial burette reading is 5.60 mL, what is the titre? 22.85Ml
During the titration simulation, is the ratio in moles of calcium oxide and sulfuric acid
is one is to one? YES
What is the reaction to describe neutralization reaction of sulfuric acid and sodium
hydroxide? H2S04 + 2NaOH  Na2SO4 + 2H2O
What happens to the pH if you dilute a concentrated acid? THE PH INCREASES
During the titration simulation, what was used as indicator to analyze the lake water
sample? THYMOL BLUE
Which was a concave meniscus? WATER
What will you do with the concentration of acid in moles per liter and the volume of
solution in liters to be able to calculate the moles of acid? MULTIPLY THEM
What is burette reading from the following image? 5.10
During the titration simulation, what type of transportation had an accident? TRAIN
What is normally an acid-based indicator made of? DYE
What is a technique to measure the concentration of an acid or alkali in a sample, by
comparing it to the concentration of an alkali or acid in a standard solution?
TITRATION
What is lime treatment? ADDITION OF LIMESTONE
What is normally performed before accurate titration? ROUGH TITRATION
What is the shape of meniscus? U SHAPE
When the end-point is near, how should you add the standard solution to the conical
flask during titration? DROPWISE
What do you call the volume of two or more titres that have a difference of less than
0.10 ml between each other? CONCORDANT TITRE
The completion of acid-base titration is represented by end-point and equivalence
point. What is end-point? POINT WHERE THE INDICATOR CHANGES COLOR
What do you use in cleaning and rinsing the burette and pipette before using them in
titration? THE SOLUTION THEY WILL CONTAIN
If the initial burette reading is 30.5ml and the final reading is 20.5ml, what is the titre?
NONE OF THE ABOVE
During the titration simulation, in what body of water was the strong acid spilled?
LAKE
What is the volume of two or more titres that are similar in quantity (less than a
0.10ml difference between each other? CONCORDANT TITRE
In what apparatus during titration is the standard solution filled? BURETTE
Check all the desired properties of a good indicator during titration:
 FOR ACCURACY, THE PKIN OF AN INDICATOR MUST BE CLOSE TO THE
PH AT THE EQUIVALENCE POINT OF THE REACTION.
 THE COLOR CHANGE MUST BE EASILY DETECTED
 THE INDICATOR WORKS BY REACTING WITH ONE (OR BOTH) OF THE
SOLUTIONS USED IN THE TITRATION, WHICH IS WHY THE VOLUME OF
INDICATOR USED SHOULD BE SMALL
 THE COLOR CHANGE MUST BE RAPID
A standard solution is a solution of accurately known concentration. What is a
standard solution for titrating sulfuric acid in acid-alkali titration? ALKALI SUCH AS
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
During the titration simulation, what was used to neutralized the acid in the lake?
LIME TREATMENT
What should we do to reduce the risk when working with high concentrated acid and
base? DILUTE THE ACID
Where should you put your eyes when reading the level of liquid in a burette? THE
SAME LEVEL AS THE MENISCUS
During titration simulation, at least how many times must titration be done to get a
better result? 2
Why do we use a volumetric flask? TO OBTAIN ACCURATE AND PRECISE
VOLUME
What is the main function of burette? DISPENSE SOLUTION IN AN ACCURATE
VOLUME
When there is complete neutralization, what is now the pH of the solution? 7
In dealing with water solutions, what part of meniscus is matched with the calibration
mark? BOTTOM
What is an acid-alkali titration? AN ANALYTICAL METHOD
Where do you put a solution of unknown concentration and indicator during titration?
BURETTE
During the titration simulation, how do you calculate the mass of calcium oxide
needed to neutralize the sulfuric acid that was spilled? MULTIPLY MOLES OF
SULFURIC ACID AND MOLAR MASS OF CALCIUM OXIDE
During the titration simulation, aside from water what is the other product of the
neutralization of acid spilled in the lake? SULFURIC ACID
During the titration simulation, what should be done in case there is a strong acid
contamination? CONCENTRATE IT
What is an acid-base indicator with a chemical formula C28H30O4 and has two
color stages in an aqueous solution? THYMOLPHTHALEIN
Which has a convex meniscus? MERCURY
During the titration simulation, what was spilled that threatened the environment?
STRONG ACID
Is the end-point always the equivalence point? NO
During the titration simulation, who was in charge of solving the solution? THE
CHIEF OF THE INCIDENT RESPONSE TEAM
During the simulation, what was the color of chloride ions? YELLOW
During the titration simulation, what was used to mix the solution inside the conical
flask during titration? MAGNETIC STIRRER
How many decimeter cube are there in one liter? 1
Check all the proper PPEs needed to handle strong acids and alkalis:
 CLOSED SHOES
 LAB COAT
 GLOVES
 GOGGLES
During the titration simulation, what happened to the train? DERAILED
During the titration simulation, what are left when there is complete neutralization?
WATER AND SALT
During the titration simulation, what acid was spilled? SULFURIC ACID
What is burette reading from the following image? 19.15
What determines the pH at which the indicator changes color (end-point)? THE
LOGARITHMIC ACID DISSOCIATION CONSTANT
When you dilute a solution, what do you do? ADD WATER
During the titration simulation, what was the color of sodium ions? PUPRLE
E13
Check all the natural sources of carbohydrates.
 Vegetables
 Fruits
 Grains
Which is not true about enzymes? ENZYMES ARE EXCLUSIVELY INVOLVED IN
DIGESTION
Do omnivores eat food of plant origin? YES
What do you use to access relevant theory during simulation? LABPAD
There was a paper that was presented regarding the effects of carbohydrate on
muscle glycogen content. To what performance was this applied – MARATHON
Packed food found in grocery stores, have nutrition facts printed in one side. What
do the percentages mean at the right side? Percentage of…. RECOMMENDED
DAILY INTAKE, PER SERVING
Can digestive enzymes process the inside of food particles? YES
What was the source of starch for the carbohydrate loading experiment? POTATO
Why is the glycemic index sometimes misleading? IT’S RELATIVE TO THE
AMOUNT OF CARBOHYDRATE
What reaction do two monosaccharides undergo to form disaccharides?
DEHYDRATION
Which has more branches in its structure? GLYCOGEN
What type of chains are present in cellulose? UNBRANCHED CHAINS
In the blood sugar lab, you learned how to digest what organic chemical?
CARBOHYDRATES
What is the mass that is formed by the teeth and the saliva? BOLUS
What acid is produced by the stomach that degrades food and kill microorganism?
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
What is the unit of used to describe the molecular weight of polysaccharides which is
also equal to g/mol? DALTONS
What is the digestive enzyme that is secreted in the mouth through the saliva?
AMYLASE
Where is most of the sugar absorbed? SMALL INTESTINE
What is stored form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates? GLYCOGEN
When you eat food with digestible carbohydrates, what happens to your blood sugar
over time after it increases and reach its peak? IT INCREASES
What is the chemical formula of fructose? C6H12O6
What represents the total rise in a person’s blood sugar level after consumption of a
specific food? GLYCEMIC INDEX
What enzyme is produced by the cells in the tongue? LIPASE
What is the main fuel of a human body? GLUCOSE
What do carbohydrates, as one of the main types of nutrients, consist of? CARBON,
OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN
When you are chewing food, what happens? YOU INCREASE THE SURFACE
AREA OF FOOD
What is the difference between glucose and fructose? ARRANGEMENT OF
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Which sugar forms a six-member ring? GLUCOSE
How do you describe the pH of the stomach? ACIDIC
Amylase cuts starch polysaccharides into what? DISACCHARIDES AND
MONOSACCHARIDES
What is the stored form of sugars in plants? STARCH
Is the chemical formula of glucose and fructose the same? YES
What is the bond between monosaccharides called? GLYCOSIDIC BOND
What is the most abundant biopolymer on earth? CELLULOSE
What is the meaning of “sacchar” in the word saccharides? SWEET
What is the most common monosaccharide? GLUCOSE
What is the suffix of most monosaccharides? OSE

Match the definitions of the hormones produced by the pancreas

 It increases glucose transport to muscle and liver cells - INSULIN
 It raises blood sugar levels - GLUCOSE
 If it has impaired function, then it leads to diabetes mellitus - INSULIN
 It is usually produced after a meal is consumed - INSULIN
 It stimulates liver to convert glucose to glycogen - GLUCAGON
 It is produced when blood glucose level is low - GLUCAGON
 It stimulates breakdown of glycogen to glucose - GLUCAGON

What has the highest glycemic index? RICE

What type of sugar is glucose? HEXOSE
What is the function of insulin? DOWN-REGULATE CONCENTRATION OF SUGAR
IN THE BLOOD
What does the red spheres of the glucose molecule represent? – OXYGEN ATOMS
Match:
 A sugar that has an aldehyde group - ALDOSE
 The structure is RC (=O)R - KETOSE
 An example is glyceraldehyde - ALDOSE
 An example if dihydroxyacetone - KETOSE
 The structure is R-CHO - ALDOSE
 A sugar that has a ketone group - KETOSE
What activity was being prepared for by a friend? MARATHON
Excess sugar is stored as what in our body? GLYCOGEN
Can human digestive enzymes break down cellulose? NO

Match:
 It carries out important roles such as the digestion of fats and the detoxification of
the blood - LIVER
 It reabsorbs water from the undigested food material and processes waste material
- LARGE INTESTINE
 The organ where the digestion of protein, fats and carbohydrates is completed -
SMALL INTESTINE
 A small organ that aids the liver by storing bile and concentrating bile salts -
GALLBLADDER
 The major site for protein digestion - STOMACH
When swallowing, what closes so that the food will go to the stomach and not to the
lungs? EPIGLOTTIS
What is the difference between glucose and fructose molecules? ARRANGEMENT
OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
What compound is used during cellular respiration as source of energy to help make
ATP and is synthesized by plants using carbon dioxide and water? GLUCOSE
The digestive system transforms food into what? NUTRIENTS

Check the monomers that are joined together to form sucrose:

 GLUCOSE AND FRUCTOSE
Which organ follows the esophagus? STOMACH
Which of the following is not a carbohydrate? AMINO ACID
Up to round how many times from its resting size can the stomach expand when
filled with food? 20
Does amylase work in the stomach? NO
Does dietary fiber affect the blood sugar level? NO
Diabetic persons are not able to produce what hormone? INSULIN
What is the chemical formula of glucose and fructose? C6H12O6
What is the highest glycemic index possible? 100
How do you describe the peristalsis or movement of esophagus muscles?
UNIDIRECTIONAL
Check all the animals that can break down cellulose in their system:
 TERMITES/RUMINANTS
When glucose is transported through the intestinal cells, it is directly released into
what? BLOODSTREAM
Which is not soluble fiber? CHITIN
When your taste bud detects sugars what is sent to your brain? EAT MORE
Which is not an advantage of dietary fiber? IT PROMOTES INCREASE OF BLOOD
SUGAR
In the Carbohydrate simulation, what PPEs were worn before entering the lab? LAB
COAT AND GLOVES
What is also called as table sugar? SUCROSE

Match the pathways the pharynx opens to:

 Passageway to the lungs - TRACHEA
 Passageway to the stomach - ESOPHAGUS
What is called the insoluble part of carbohydrate food? FIBER
When you read literature or facts in the internet, what should you check? THE
RESOURCE IS RELIABLE
When you eat rice, the starch in it is broken down by amylase enzymes and the
resulting glucose monomers are transported where? INTO THE BLOOD STREAM

E14
In spectrophotometry, where do you put the solution for testing? CUVETTE
What enzyme is used in the second process of nitrification to produce nitrite?
HYDROXYLAMINE OXIDOREDUCTASE
In denitrification process, what is produced? NITROGEN GAS
In the eutrophication experiment theory, what was the method used in measuring
dissolved oxygen? SPECTROPHOTOMETER
What oxidizes nitrite to nitrate? NITROBACTER
What is the chemical formula of nitrate? NO3
What do alive algae produce? CARBON DIOXIDE GAS
What calibrates the spectrophotometer that sets the absorption of the solvent to
zero? BLANK SOLUTION
What is the chemical formula of nitrite? NO2
Harmful algal blooms are the consequence of nutrient surpluses when bodies of
water before enriched in nutrients, this stimulates the growth of aquatic
photosynthetic life typically resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen levels.
What is this process called? EUTROPHICATION
In the eutrophication experiment, what was found to be the industry that discharged
major amounts of nitrogen? COTTON FIELD
The human contribution of reactive nitrogen to the environment exceeds natural
fixation, which man-made resource produces the most reactive nitrogen?
FERTILIZERS
In the ammonification process, what is produced? NH3
What gas is used in the decomposition of dead algae? CARBON DIOXIDE GAS
In the eutrophication experiment, what equipment was used to determine the
concentration of dissolved nitrogen in water? SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Eutrophication may trigger this. RED TIDES
What do you call the process by which ammonia is oxidized to nitrite then nitrate?
NITRIFICATION
Match the dissolved oxygen range and the characteristic of life it can support in
water:
 Very good for most steam fish – 7-11
 Good for many aquatic animals – 4-7
 Not enough to support life – 0-2
 Only a few fish and aquatic insects can survive – 2-4
What contributes most of the reactive nitrogen to the environment? FERTILIZER
Nitrogen in abundant as what gas which makes up 78% of Earth’s atmosphere? N2
What do you call the process of anaerobic ammonia oxidation? ANAMMOX
What does spectrophotometer measure? INTENSITY OF ABSORBED LIGHT AND
INTENSITY OF LIGHT PASSING THROUGH A SOLUTION
What do you call the non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment?
ABIOTIC
Decomposing microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi break down nitrogenous
waste, and organic matter found in animal waste and dead plants/animals, and
convert it to what? AMMONIA
What are called living things that are able to produce complex organic compounds
with the energy obtained from photosynthesis? AUTOTROPHS
If there is hypoxia, what is depleted? OXYGEN GAS
What process enables humans to convert non-reactive nitrogen gas to ammonia?
HABER-BOSCH PROCESS
Nitrogen fixation an occur abiotically by what? LIGHTNING
To be useful for living beings, ammonia must be further converted Nitrification is the
process by which ammonia is oxidized to nitrite and then what? NITRATE
What was used to take a controlled volume of a liquid from one container to another?
PIPETTE
In the Eutrophication simulation, what were killed? FISHES
In the eutrophication experiment, what is the toxic algal specie found in the fish?
PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA
It is important to understand the nitrogen cycle after all; nitrogen is the building block
of what? DNA
What enzyme is used in the first step of nitrification process to produce
hydroxylamine? AMMONIA MONOOXYGENASE
What are the condition when the dissolved oxygen level is below 2 ppm called?
HYPOXIA
In the Eutrophication simulation, in what box was the water sample placed? ICE
BOX
Algal blooms can cause massive fish kills by releasing toxins and triggering oxygen
loss. Which of these events may lead to oxygen loss? DECOMPOSITION
What oxidizes ammonia to nitrite? NITROSOMONAS
Although there is plenty of nitrogen in the atmosphere, organisms cannot break the
strong triple bond of the N2 molecule. Therefore, the gas must be converted into
another form, (NH3), that plants and animals can utilize.The process of converting
N2 into biologically available nitrogen form (NH3) is called what? NITROGEN
FIXATION
Harmful algal blooms can cause serious problems, such as massive fish kills. What
might cause a harmful algal bloom? A NUTRIENT SURPLUS
Humans produce reactive nitrogen through activities such as what? BURNING
FOSSIL FUEL
Which trophic level does microalgae belong in? PRIMARY PRODUCER
In the eutrophication experiment theory, which resulting color indicates higher
dissolved oxygen content in using colorimetric method? DARK BLUE
What is the standard method of measuring nitrogen levels in water? CADMIUM
REDUCTION METHOD
What do you do with the pipette tips after using them in transferring sample to the
cuvette? DISPOSE THEM AT THE TRASH BIN
Which type of organism was found in the water sample during the eutrophication
experiment? MICROALGAE
In the eutrophication experiment, what caused the fish lesions? TOXIN
Where is nitrogen fixed more? LAND
In the eutrophication experiment, what type of microscope was used? LIGHT
MICROSCOPE
In the Eutrophication simulation, what dissolved gas in water has a low concentration
which is one of the causes of massive aquatic animal death? OXYGEN
Which type of organism was found in the water sample during the eutrophication
experiment- MICROALGAE
In the eutrophication experiment, what caused the fish lesions? TOXIN
Where is nitrogen fixed more? LAND
In the eutrophication experiment, what type of microscope was used? LIGHT
MICROSCOPE
In the Eutrophication simulation, what dissolved gas in water has a low concentration
which is one of the causes of massive aquatic animal death? OXYGEN
In the eutrophication experiment, what was used to analyze the present biological
matter in water sample? MICROSCOPY
What is a molecule that codes for genetic instructions used in the development of all
known living organisms? DNA
If you are working with corrosive chemicals, what do you need to do? WEAR A LAB
COAT AND GLOVES
In the eutrophication experiment, what was used to analyze the present biological
matter in water sample? MICROSCOPY
What is a molecule that codes for genetic instructions used in the development of all
known living organisms? DNA
If you are working with corrosive chemicals, what do you need to do? WEAR A LAB
COAT AND GLOVES

E15
1. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what were the variables that you
manipulated? TEMPERATURE, pH, STIRRER, AND AIRFLOW
2. How many carbons are there in acetaldehyde? ONE
3. What is the other term for bioreactor? FERMENTOR
4. In the fermentation simulated experiment, when does diauxic shift happen?
WHEN GLUCOSE IS DEPLETED
5. What do you call the process of the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?
GLYCOSIS
6. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what was used to prevent frothy layer
on top of the medium as the yeast grows? ANTI-FOAM
7. In the fermentation simulated experiment, why are yeasts dying? NUTRIENTS
ARE BEING USED UP
8. In the fermentation simulated experiment, in what condition can you produce
ethanol cheaper? ANAEROBIC
9. What do you call the conversion of acetaldehyde to ethanol? REDUCTION
10. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what was the source of yeast?
INOCULUM
11. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what yeast was used?
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
12. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what was the first substrate?
GLUCOSE
13. Can yeast metabolize ethanol when no sugar is already available? NO
14. In the fermentation simulated experiment, normally what is used to sterilize the
bioreactor? STEAM
15. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what was the second substrate?
ETHANOL
16. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what was used to sterilize the
fermenter injector? ETHANOL
17. Can ethanol be used as biofuel? YES
18. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what was used to produce ethanol?
FERMENTOR
19. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what was the unit used in determining
concentration of ethanol? g/L
20. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what was the by-product of the
fermentation of sugar? ETHANOL
21. In the fermentation simulated experiment, how does yeast multiply or increase?
BY REPRODUCTION
22. In the fermentation simulated experiment, in what process is the depletion of
glucose faster? AEROBIC
23. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what process involves the use of
stirrer? AGITATION
24. In the fermentation simulated experiment, is it faster for glucose to be depleted in
aerobic process? YES
25. In the fermentation simulated experiment, during anaerobic process, what gas
was used? NITROGEN
26. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what was used to contain the base
and acid? FLASK
27. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what is done to the fermentor to avoid
contamination? STERILIZE
28. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what increases as fermentation
proceeds? OXYGEN
29. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what technique was used to ensure
that only yeast is the microorganism growing? ASEPTIC
30. In alcohol fermentation, what gas is produced? CARBON DIOXIDE
31. In the fermentation simulated experiment, where is normally the location of the
effluent? BOTTOM
32. In the fermentation simulated experiment, in what condition does yeast grow
slower? ANAEROBIC
33. In the fermentation simulated experiment, is the ethanol yield higher in anaerobic
process? YES
34. In the fermentation simulated experiment, in what phase is the yeast growth the
fastest? FERMENTATION
35. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what are unwanted microorganisms
called? CONTAMINANTS
36. Can yeast produce ethanol through aerobic respiration? NO
37. Acid and base was used to balance what in the fermentation simulated
experiment? pH
38. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what process produces higher yield of
ethanol? ANAEROBIC
39. In the fermentation simulated experiment, how do you describe the first pH
used? ACIDIC
40. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what was the color of glucose in the
growth-curve? BLUE
41. What is NOT a product nor a by-product of fermentation? BREAD
42. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what decreases as fermentation
proceeds? GLUCOSE
43. In the fermentation simulated experiment, in what condition can you produce
ethanol faster? AEROBIC
44. What were used to balance the pH during fermentation process? ACID AND
BASE
45. In the fermentation simulated experiment, in what phase does decrease of yeast
occur? SECOND PHASE
46. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what PPEs were used? LAB COAT
AND GLOVES
47. In the fermentation simulated experiment, what type of pressure should be
maintained inside the bioreactor to keep it sterilized? NEUTRAL
48. What does the enzyme ethanol dehydrogenase convert? ETHANOL TO
ACETALDEHYDE
E16
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what dilution formula was
used? C1V1=C2V2
What is a mixing coil? A THIN TUBE, IN WHICH THE CARRIER-FLUID AND THE
SAMPLES ARE TRANSPORTED TO THE MEASUREMENT
What does the X axis show in the FIA diagram? THE TIME THAT IT TAKES
FROM THE SAMPLE INJECTION UNTIL DETECTION
How can we measure the actual sample concentration? BY COMPARING THE
SAMPLE’S AU TO THE STANDARD’S AU
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, the peak heights of the FIA can
be increased by doing the following EXCEPT what? DECREASING THE FLOW
RATE
What is the half-life of caffeine in our body? 3-5 HOURS
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, concentrations were
measured in what type of products? BEVERAGES
When you lower the Labpad, what do you click to know what are in the Labster
Laboratory room? EXPLORE
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what compound whose
levels were measured in different products? CAFFEINE
What best describes caffeine? IT IS AN ALKALOID
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, in what workbench was the FIA
placed? 1
What structure is present in caffeine? AROMATIC
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, how many caffeine standards
were prepared by the lab assistant? 10
What is the color of pure caffeine? WHITE
Aside from carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, what other element is found in caffeine?
NITROGEN
What is the purpose of optical fiber cable? IT TRANSMITS LIGHT FROM THE
LIGHT SOURCE AD INTO THE FLOW CELL, WHERE THE SAMPLE IS
SCREENED
What is the purpose of the carrier liquid in the FIA? IT TRANSPORTS THE
SAMPLES TO THE DETECTOR FOR ANALYSIS
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, the following products were
analyzed EXCEPT what? WINE
Caffeine is found in the following EXCEPT what? LIQUOR
Where is the Copenhagen located where it was said that FIA was conceived?
DENMARK
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what formula was used to
calculate the concentration of unknown sample? LINEAR REGRESSION
It contains series of absorbance measurements at known concentrations of a
substance to be analyzed? STANDARD CURVE
What does the peristaltic pump do? It can: CREATE A SPECIAL FLOW THAT
RAISES THE SMALL CHAMBERS IN THE CARRIER LIQUID
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, Moles is equal to what?
MOLAR X LITERS
Which of the following is not an advantage of FIA? IT CAN DETECT THE
STRUCTURE OF THE MOLECULE
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what is the heart of the FIA?
CARRIER LIQUID
At the LabPad, what time does it show every time you start a lab? 8 AM
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what dilution should be made in
order to get the concentration? BETWEEN THE STANDARD RANGE
Where is the caffeine metabolized? LIVER
What best describes Flow Injection Analysis machine? AN AUTOMATED METHOD
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what workbench were the
sample placed? 3
Is caffeine soluble in lipid? YES
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what was the flow rate that the
pump produced in the FIA? 2mL/min
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what measures the
concentration of certain chemicals? DETECTOR
What is the functional group of caffeine? ALKENE, AMIDE AND AMINE
What does caffeine do to the excitability threshold of muscle? IT LOWERS
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what was the first sample to be
analyzed or prepared? COFFEE
At the LabPad, what tab can you use to track your progress? MISSION
At the LabPad, which tab stores the images of items needed during the simulation?
MEDIA
What is the function of the peristaltic pump? TO CREATE A DISCONTINUOUS
FLOW AND MIXES THE SAMPLE WITH THE CARRIER
What is the purpose of the light source in a spectrophotometer? A
SPECTROPHOTOMETER CONTAINS A LIGHT SOURCE TO EMIT LIGHT
PASSING THROUGH A GIVEN SOLUTION
How do we ensure that our unknown sample lies between the standard range? WE
CREATE 2-3 DILUTIONS OF OUR SAMPLE
Caffeine is antagonist to what? ADENOSINE RECEPTORS
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what detector was used in the
FIA? SPECTROPHOTOMETER
What best describes an FIA machine? USED TO MEASURE SMALL QUANTITIES
OF SAMPLES
What does the Y axis show in the FIA diagram? THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT
ABSORBED BY THE SAMPLE
Is caffeine a stimulant or downer? STIMULANT
What does the pump in the FIA create in the carrier liquid? SMALL CHAMBER
Which has the highest molecular mass? CAFFEINE
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, does lower data peaks in
the FIA mean that the caffeine concentration is higher? NO
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, molar concentration is equal to
what? MOLES/LITER
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, in what country did you
journey back in time at the start? DENMARK
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what is the most important
characteristics of the FIA diagram? PEAK HEIGHT RETURN TIME
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what was found to be
the optimum parameters for the FIA experiment? LONG COIL LENGTH AND
LOW FLOW RATE
What intracellular element does caffeine mobilize? CALCIUM
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, to what is the sample exposed
at the spectrophotometer flow cell? LIGHT
What is the molecular mass of caffeine? 194.19 g/mol
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what type of pump was used in
the FIA? PERISTALTIC
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, Mass is equal to what? MOLES
x MOLAR MASS
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what does it mean? AMOUNT
OF LIGHT THAT PASSES THROUGH THE SAMPLE
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, how is light transmitted in the
FIA? THROUGH OPTICAL FIBER CABLE
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, AU is equal to what? lo/lt
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, which is more expensive?
HPLC
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what was the color of the tube
where the sample to be examined was placed? RED
What happens in the detector (in this case is a spectrometer)? THE DETECTOR
MEASURES THE LIGHT THAT IS NOT ABSORBED BY THE SAMPLE AND THE
AMOUNT THAT WAS ABSORBED IS CALCULATED FROM THIS
Some of the samples do not have an AU value during the simulation experiment, and
instead, it is written as N/A. What does it mean? THE ABSORBANCE VALUE IS
OUTSIDE THE DETECTABLE RANGE
Moles equals what? MASS OVER MOLAR MASS
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what best describes the mixing
coil in the FIA? THIN TUBE
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what determines the
frequency with which samples may be injected using the FIA diagram? RETURN
TIME
What should we do before measuring a solid sample, such as chocolate chip?
GRIND THE SAMPLE AND MAKE IT SOLUBLE
After being mixed with the carrier, the sample will travel through what before
being detected by the spectrophotometer? MIXING COIL
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what flow does the peristaltic
pump produce? DISCONTINUOUS FLOW
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what is the conversion of the
volume of 1 cup? 237 mLlg
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, after a sample is
extracted, where is it rejected? FLOWING CARRIER STREAM
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what does peaks
represent in the spectrophotometer? ABSORBANCE
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what determines the amount of
substance in the sample? LIGHT THAT IS NOT ABSROBED
What should we do first, before we start measuring the samples? START THE
PUMP AND WAIT UNTIL THE FLOW IS CONSTANT
Which chemical group does caffeine belong to? ALKALOID
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what does AU mean?
ABSORPTION UNIT
What condition is associated with high consumption of caffeine? CAFFEINISM
What best describes Flow Injection Analysis machines? IT CAN BE USED FOR
CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF PRODUCTS
What is the chemical formula for caffeine? C8H10N4O2
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what happens if the flow rate is
increased? DECREASE RETENTION TIME OF SAMPLE
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what light determines the
concentration of substance in a sample? OVER PRECIPITATING LIGHT
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what type of flow was used?
CONSTANT FLOW
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, which samples has the highest
caffeine concentration? ESPRESSO
How does the sample load at the FIA? IT HAPPENS AUTOMATICALLY VIA AN
AUTOSAMPLER THAT CAN EJECT A PRECISE AMOUNT OF A SAMPLE AND
INJECT IT INTO THE CARRIER FLUID
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, in what decade was FIA
machine first made? 1970s
Caffeine is the most widely used what? That means it acts primarily upon the central
nervous system, resulting in temporary change in consciousness, behavior and
mood. PSYCHOACTIVE STIMULANT
What does caffeine stimulate to be secreted? ADRENALINE
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, the concentration of
caffeine was expressed in what concentration? milliMolar
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what can automatically extract
a precise amount of a sample? AUTOSAMPLER
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what tube was not used? BLUE
TUBE
Can caffeine rapidly cross the blood-brain barrier? YES
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, match the variables in the linear
regression equation:
 m – GRADIENT
 y – AU
 x – SAMPLE CONCENTRATION
 c – y-INTERCEPT
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what best describes the
standards? UNKNOWN CONCENTRATION
There is no disposal waste after taking measurements from the FIA system.
How much waste is there? SMALL QUANTITIES OF WASTE
When is caffeine metabolism impaired? HAVING CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE
High caffeine consumption causes the following EXCEPT what? DIABETES
In the Flow Injection Analysis simulation experiment, what is the amount of caffeine
in the sample proportional to? AMOUNT OF LIGHT ABSORBED

E17
1. In the Labster experiment, if an object is out of view, what will be your guide to
know which way to turn in order to find the object? ARROW
2. In the Bromine test, what is the proof of positive test? DISAPPEARANCE OF
COLOR
3. Where do you access relevant theory about the Labster experiment or additional
instructions on what to do next? LABPAD
4. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, what organic compound was
checked to be present in the pill? SALICYLIC ACID
5. Is the hydroxyl bonded to aromatic carbon in alcohols? YES
6. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, what should be present in the
fume hood in order to prevent hazardous fumes to exit the hood? GLASS
7. In the ceric ammonium nitrate test, which one gives a darker red to darker brown
color change? PHENOLS
8. In the Labster experiment, is Dr. One a female or male? FEMALE
9. What do you call the functional group that has a hydroxyl group bonded to an
aromatic ring? BENZENE
10. Is hexane soluble in ceric ammonium acetate aqueous solution? YES
11. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, what was the sickness?
TOOTHACHE
12. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, in what fume hood was the
sodium bicarbonate test done? 3
13. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, what was the color of bromine
used? ORANGE
14. What is salicylic acid also called? 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
15. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, in your first use of fume hood 1,
which was the negative control? PENTANE
16. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, in fume hood 1, what was used
to efficiently mix the solution? MICRO VORTEX
17. Which were used as negative controls in fume hood 2 in the Labster simulation
on Functional Groups? WATER, HEXANE
18. What is the other name for sodium bicarbonate? SODIUM HYDROGEN
CARBONATE
19. Will salicylic acid give a positive result to the ceric ammonium nitrate test? YES
20. What do you click to lower the LabPad? ANYWHERE
21. What are the three distinct functional groups found in salicylic acid? Check all
correct answers:
 AROMATIC
 HYDROXYL
 CARBOXYL
22. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, does the pill given to the sick
person contain salicylic acid? YES
23. Which has lower density? HEXANE
24. What functional group does bromine react to? ALKANE
25. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, what PPEs were used? LAB
COAT, GLOVES AND GOGGLES
26. In alcohols, the hydroxyl group is bound to what? SATURATED CARBON
27. In the ceric ammonium test, which one gives a red color change? ALCOHOLS
28. Match the hazard symbols:
 HEALTH HAZARD - (YUNG MAY TAO)
 TOXIC - (YUNG MAY SKULL)
 HARMFUL - (EXCLAMATION POINT)
 EXPLOSIVE - (YUNG BASAG)

29. Match the hazard symbols:

 OXIDIZING - (YUNG BILOG NA MAY FIRE)
 COMPRESSED GAS - (YUNG BOTE)
 CORROSIVE - (DALAWANG TUBE)
 FLAMMABLE - (YUNG FIRE ONLY)
30. What is present in formaldehyde? DOUBLE BONDED OXYGEN
31. Which functional group has COOH? CARBOXYLIC ACID
32. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, what was the first test done?
BROMINE TEST
33. Can you still continue doing the Labster simulated experiments if your computer
or laptop suddenly has no audio or speaker damage while experimenting virtually?
YES
34. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, what were the persons cooking
after feeling better in drinking medicine? BARBECUE
35. In the positive test using sodium bicarbonate, what is liberated? CARBON
DIOXIDE
36. Which functional organic group is determined in the bromine test?
UNSATURATED
37. What do you call the layers that are formed when two immiscible compounds are
brought together? PHASES
38. What does bromine react to? DOUBLE BOND
39. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, who was sick? SIMON
40. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, in what holo table did you see
the 3D structure of salicylic acid? 2 - 1
41. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, what was clicked in the place of
the person who was sick in order to return to the lab- TV
42. Which carbon-containing compounds are not considered organic compounds?
Check all correct answers:
 CARBON OXIDES
 CARBONATES
43. Is bromine quite toxic? YES
44. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, who were the two great chemists
that were mentioned? ROBERT, MARIE
45. In the Labster experiment, what do you do to view the tooltip of an object?
CLICK IT
46. Check all the hazard descriptions of pictograms of ceric ammonium acetate
based on the lab manual of Functional
Groups Labster virtual experiment:
 OXIDIZING
 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
 HARMFUL
 CORROSIVE
47. What functional group is a big part of crude oil? ALKANE
48. Which were used as positive controls in fume hood 2 in the Labster simulation on
Functional Groups? ETHANOL, PHENOL, ACETIC ACID
49. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, what was the size of the tubes
used in containing the samples? 15mL
50. Which is the simplest organic compound? METHANE
51. Ceric ammonium nitrate test examines the presence of which compounds?
Check all correct answers:
 PHENOLS
 ALCOHOLS
52. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, how many tubes of samples
were placed in fume hood 3? 6
53. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, in what direction is the air drawn
out in the fume hood? UP
54. Acetylsalicylic acid is also called? ASPIRIN
55. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, in what table did you learn more
about functional groups? HOLO-TABLE-2
56. In the Labster experiment, which objects require interaction? HIGHLIGHTED
57. What best describes phenol? WEAK ACID
58. What is the function of Dr. One in the Labster experiment? LAB ASSISTANT
59. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, in your first use of fume hood 1,
which was the positive control? HEX-1-ENE
60. What is the positive result of the sodium bicarbonate test? EFFERVESCENCE
61. What type of reaction happens during a positive bromine test? ADDITION
62. What is the simplest aromatic compound? BENZENE
63. Match the functional group tests
 Bromine test- UNSATURATED
 Sodium - ACIDS
 Ceric - ALCOHOL
64. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, what was the common name of
the pill given to the sick person? ASPIRIN
65. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, what compound had a salicylic
acid? A
66. In the Labster simulation on Functional Groups, in Fume hood 1, where was the
tube with bromine placed in the rack? CENTER
67. In what solution does phenol dissolve? SODIUM BICARBONATE
68. In the virtual lab, where is the lab coat normally placed? CABINET

E18
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what batch of sample was assigned to Dr.
One? 2
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what traps and neutralize the gases that
can destroy the environment during digestion? SCRUBBER SYSTEM
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what is expected? GAIN A BIT OF
ANALYTE IN THE SAMPLE
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was used to weight the sample?
ANALYTICAL BALANCE
Why is the mixture made basic after the digestion? TO CONVERT THE AMMONIUM
IONS TO AMMONIA, WHICH IS VOLATILE AND CAN BE DISTILLED FROM THE
MIXTURE
What are the building blocks of protein? AMINO ACIDS
Is sulfuric acid highly corrosive? YES
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, where did you go first? MEETING ROOM
What is a control in analytical chemistry? A SAMPLE WHERE THE ORIGINAL
AMOUNT OF ANALYTE IS KNOWN
What is the color of a pure melamine powder? WHITE
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what were in the Kjeldahl tube during
digestion process? ANTI-FOAM AGENT, MILK SAMPLE, CONCENTRATED
SULFURIC ACID, KJELDAHL TABLET
Which is one of the components of Kjeldahl tablet? COPPER SULFATE
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, in what fume hood was the digestion
done? 2
What describes the analytical balance? THE WEIGHED MATERIAL IS ENCLOSED
What is recovery in a chemical analysis as LC-MS/MS? IT IS THE AMOUNT OF
ANALYTE THAT IS MEASURED COMPARED TO HOW MUCH WAS PRESENT
AT START
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, water is added to the acid solution. It
makes the solution hot so what was used to cool the solution? ICE BATH
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, the anti-foaming agent is in what form?
TABLET
Are standards with known or unknown concentrations? KNOWN
During the acid digestion of amino acids, what gases are produced? CARBON
DIOXIDE AND SULFUR DIOXIDE
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, how is the distillate evaporated in the
distilling unit? BLOWING STEAM INTO THE SOLUTION
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what is the use of the boric acid solution?
ACID TRAP
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, in what fume hood was the distillation
done? 3
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what causes the stirrer used, to spin?
MAGNET
What step is next to acid digestion in Kjeldahl method? NEXT STEP IS
DISTILLATION
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was the color of the solution after
putting Kjeldahl tablets? BLACK
Kjeldahl method is used to estimate what substance in food? PROTEIN
Is tetrahydroxyborate considered a buffer? YES
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, normally how many hours does the
digestion done? 1-2 HOURS
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, where was the acid proof gloves located?
WORKBENCH 1
How do we know that food fraud has been conducted for sample 2? WE DETECTED
MELAMINE ABOVE THE ESTABLISHED LIMIT IN THE SAMPLE WITH A
SELECTIVE METHOD
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was used to transfer sample to the
analytical balance? SPATULA
Fragmentation in mass spectrometry is used for what? INCREASING BOTH
SENSITIVITY AND SELECTIVITY
What method was used to estimate protein content in food? KJELDAHL METHOD
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was used to dilute the mixture after
digestion? WATER
Which are examples of blanks used in analytical chemistry? SOLVENT BLANK
AND MATRIX BLANK
In analytical chemistry, what do you call the ability of a method to correctly determine
the analyte without interference from other compounds? SELECTIVITY
What are the two separate techniques that are combined in LC-MS/MS analytical
technique? MASS SPECTROMETRY AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Before the distillation starts in Kjeldahl method, the unit automatically makes the
solution alkaline with NaOH to convert what? AMMONIUM IONS TO AMMONIA,
WHICH IS VOLATILE
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what compound was distilled? AMMONIA
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was the color of the boron atom in at
the VR Headset? PINK
Normally, what is done to avoid too much heat of solution? ADD ACID TO WATER
Which is more volatile? AMMONIA
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, the boric acid was converted to what ion
after reacting with the distillate? TETRAHYDROXYBORATE
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what container was used for the acid
trap? CONICAL FLASK
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was used to know how Kjeldahl
Method work? VR HEADSET
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment virtual reality on how the test work, you
started first with what compound? MILK SAMPLE
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, based on the melamine scandal in China,
what organ is normally damaged by melamine? KIDNEY
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what does RSD give? ESTIMATE OF
THE PRECISION OF THE METHOD
What diagram shows the amount of analyte detected over time? CHROMATOGRAM
Is ammonia volatile? YES
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was the color of normal gloves?
BLUE
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was the approximate temperature of
digestion to break down the proteins in the sample? 370 deg C
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what base was added? SODIUM
HYDROXIDE
In mass spectrometry, which part selects ions based on the mass-to-charge-ratio?
QUADRUPOLES
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, to what compounds are the amino acids
converted when reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid? Check all correct answers.
WATER, AMMONIUM IONS, CARBON DIOXIDE
Labster uses what type of voice? VOICE OVER
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was the next step after distillation?
TITRATION
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what samples were tested? MILK
POWDER SACHETS
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what should be done to the Kjeldahl
digestion tube after the digestion? COOL IT
Aside from retention time, which is another important feature that is proportional to
the concentration of the compound in the sample during liquid chromatography
technique? PEAK AREA
Ammonium is changed to what when a strong base is added to an acidic solution of
ammonium ions? AMMONIA
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was the use of copper sulfate?
CATALYST
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what does RSD mean? RELATIVE
STANDARD DEVIATION
In the mass spectrometer, what happens first? COMPONENTS ARE IONIZED
In using the analytical balance, what happens if you press t or <tare after putting the
weighing paper=? THE READING BECOMES 0
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what acidic solution trapped the distillate?
BORIC ACID
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, using the VR headset, what was the last
color of the solution to indicate endpoint of titration of the tetrahydroxyborate? LIGHT
PINK
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, if carbohydrates react with sulfuric acid,
what is the best description? CARBOHYDRATES BECOME DARK
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what agency did Sam represent? FOOD
AUTHORITY
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, during titration where was the titrant HCl
solution placed? BURETTE
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, which is a more selective method in
determining melamine? LC-MS/MS
Is melamine a strong or weak base? WEAK
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what should be the position of the glass
sash in the fume hood to ensure that hazardous fumes will exit the hood and not to
Dr. One? LOW
Does melamine produce ammonium ions during digestion? YES
In liquid chromatography technique, what should be the characteristics of the
material packed in the LC column? SAMPLE COMPONENT SHOULD HAVE THE
DIFFERENT AFFINITY TO IT
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, where was the sample sachet put first
after getting from Sam? WORK BENCH 1
Retention time is an important feature when assessing what in determining
melamine? COMPOUND DETERMINATION
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was the indication that the titration is
completed? COLOR CHANGE TO PINK
Why is it that you weighed out the milk powder sample very precisely on an
analytical balance? IT IS A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, SO WE NEED THIS FOR
A PRECISE DETERMINATION OF THE PROTEIN CONTENT
Why could the Kjeldahl method not detect the melamine adulteration of sample 2?
THE NITROGEN IN MELAMINE IS BROKEN DOWN INTO AMMONIUM IONS
DURING THE ACID DIGESTION
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, in what type of solution was the distillate
trapped? ACIDIC SOLUTION
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what sample has melamine? 2
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was placed in the acid trap aside
from the acid? INDICATOR
Is NaOH a strong or weak base? STRONG
Peak area is an important feature when determining what? CONCENTRATION OF
THE COMPOUND OF INTEREST
What form is the nitrogen in the food sample converted to in the acid digestion step?
AMMONIUM IONS
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what does sulfate salt do to the boiling
point of mixture? INCREASE
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, where was the sample placed in the fume
hood after weighing? KJELDAHL DIGESTION TUBE
In chemistry, what is the determination of the absolute amount or content of a
substance in matter? QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
In the Kjeldahl Method Virtual experiment, what was used to react with
tetrahydroxyborate to from boric acid? HCl

E19
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, what material was put on t (na
block ng tile kasi may katawag lmao) to filter impurities of coffee? FILTER PAPER
Why do we vent the separation funnel? TO RELEASE A BUILD UP OF PRESSURE
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, what part of the separatory funnel
is used to vent gases that may form? STOP COCK
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, what solvent was used to remove
impurities of coffee? WATER
What lab apparatus was used to extract caffeine using liquid-liquid extraction?
SEPARATORY FUNNEL
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, what was used to hold the
separatory funnel? CLAMP
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, which is heavier?
DICHOLOROMETHANE
Which has higher concentration of caffeine? TEA LEAVES
Where is the caffeine more soluble? WATER
In which phase will you find caffeine after the phase separation? IT IS IN BOTH
PHASES
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, what was extracted? CAFFEINE
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, what was used to manipulate the
stop cock? SLIDER
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, after coffee, what substance was
caffeine extracted from? TEA
Which beverage has more caffeine? COFFEE
Are the dichloromethane and water miscible to each other? NO
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, what was used in heating the
solvent? VENTILATED HEAT PLATE
Where is caffeine more soluble? DICHOLOROMETHANE
Why do we shake the separating funnel? TO MAKE THE SURFACE BETWEEN
THE TWO LIQUIDS AS LARGE AS POSSIBLE
When you pour liquid into the separatory funnel, what should be the position of the
stop cock? CLOSED
In extracting caffeine from coffee, what is the first process? LIQUID/LIQUID
EXTRACTION
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, how many phases were used for
extraction? MULTIPLE
Is it better to leave some of the heavier phase in the separatory funnel? YES
What is the boiling point of dichloromethane? 39.6 DEG C
Which is polar? WATER
Which is nonpolar? DICHLOROMETHANE
When shaking the separatory funnel, which one should be on the upper part?
STOPCOCK
In Labster, what was the separatory funnel made of? GLASS
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, what conical flask was used?
ERLENMEYER FLASK
What do you use in pouring liquid into a separatory funnel to prevent spillage?
NORMAL FUNNEL
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, what was the substance used in
experimenting first on how to use the separatory funnel? SODA
When can you bring food or drink inside a real laboratory? IT IS TO BE USED IN
THE EXPERIMENT
How can you extract more substance using separatory funnel? REPEAT THE
STEPS SEVERAL TIMES
In shaking the separatory funnel, which part should be lower? STOPPER
Where do you put the stopper at the separatory funnel? ON TOP
What was the extraction solvent used to extract caffeine from the coffee?
DICHLOROMETHANE
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, what product was use to extract
caffeine first? COFFEE
Where should the separatory funnel be put when pouring something into it? STAND
What do you do if you contaminate the heavier phase with the lighter phase during
liquid-liquid extraction? THROW ALL THE USED LIQUIDS AND GET ANOTHER
NEW SAMPLE
What is manipulated in venting separatory funnel? STOPCOCK
At the LabPad, where is the score located? UPPER LEFT
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, where was the Buchner funnel
placed to filter impurities of coffee? CONICAL FLASK
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, what PPEs were used? (check all
correct answers)
 LABCOAT
 GOGGLES
 GLOVES
What happens if you shake too hard a separatory funnel with two liquids in it?
EMULSIONS WILL FORM
Is caffeine water soluble? YES
Where is caffeine more soluble? ORGANIC PHASE
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, which is heavier? ORGANIC
PHASE
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, where was the extracted caffeine
placed after boiling out the extraction fluid? WEIGHING DISH
In the Liquid-Liquid Extraction virtual experiment, what apparatus was used to filter
impurities? BUCHNER FUNNEL
What is the position of the stopcock of separatory funnel when it is closed?
PERPENDICULAR TO THE FLOW OF LIQUID OUT
What do you need to be extra careful with when shaking the separatory funnel with
only soda in there? BOTH ENDS ARE CLOSED
What best describes a flat soda? THE CARBON DIOXIDE IS BUBBLED OUT
Why can the caffeine transfer from the aqueous phase to the organic phase?
CAFFEINE HAS A HGHER RELATIVE SOLUBILITY IN DICHLOROMETHANE
THAN WATER
What is the position of the separatory funnel’s stopcock when it is open? PARALLEL
TO THE FLOW OF LIQUID OUT
E20
1. In eukaryotic organisms, where does photosynthesis take place? Chloroplast
2. What is the color of Phycoerythrobilin? Red
3. Which has the highest wavelength in the light spectrum? Visible
4. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the first blank used in using
the spectrophotometer? Hexane
5. Can you separate solids in suspension using a centrifuge? Yes
6. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, from what matter was pigments
extracted from? Algae
7. During photosynthesis what is the reducing agent in the conversion of sunlight into
chemical energy? NADPH
8. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the symbol of the button
that opens the cover of the centrifuge? Two arrows pointing away from each
other
9. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the volumetric size of the
tube used? 15mL
10. What is stored at the acidic thylakoid lumen? Proton
11. In photosynthesis, light energy is converted to what energy? Chemical energy
12. Which has the lowest wavelength in the light spectrum? UV
13. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the profession of the
person in charge of the project? Engineer
14. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, when the chloroplasts were shocked
freeze what was used? Liquid nitrogen
15. Where are the pigments located? Thylakoid
16. What best describes a photosystem? A protein complex
17. What are the two main processes or reactions involved in photosynthesis?
 Light reaction
 Calvin cycle
18. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the limiting factor for the
project? Amount of sunlight
19. What energy do photoautotrophs use? Sun’s energy
20. What color of light does chlorophyll reflect? Green
21. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the color of the hat of the
person in charge of the project? Yellow
22. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, the tubes were wrapped in what
material to prevent photosynthesis? Aluminum
23. What variable of materials makes them get separated in a centrifuge? Density
24. In a spectrophotometer, where do you put the samples? Cuvette
25. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what is the result of the release of a
large amount of greenhouse gas by the power plant?
 Rapid melting of surrounding glacier
 Rise in sea level
26. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the first to be picked up
from the sample? Choloroplast suspension
27. In the LabPad, if you click the speaker symbol, what variables will show you that
you can check or uncheck? Music, sound effect, voice
28. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, the chloroplasts are suspended in
what material? Isolation buffer
29. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the profession of Dr. One?
Biologis
30. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, did the sample contain pigment that
absorb green light? Yes
31. What do chloroplasts contain? Pigment
32. Which solvent is hydrophobic? Hexane
33. In the virtual pigment extraction, did the dark algae absorb green light? Yes
34. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, was the person in charge of the
project in long or short sleeves polo shirt? Long sleeve
35. Using two tubes with the same weigh, how do you put them in a centrifuge?
Opposite each other
36. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the symbol of the button
that closed the centrifuge? Two arrows pointing at each other
37. What best describes photosystems? Protein complexes
38. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the analogy of the time it
will take you to run a centrifuge which means it will take longer time? Counting
sheep
39. Where can you find chlorophyll? Plants
40. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what greenhouse gas is produced
by the power plant in large amount? Carbon dioxide
41. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the gender of the person
in charge of the project? Female
42. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what color describes the maximum
electron density of conjugated systems? Red
43. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what is needed from the power plant
for the project? Carbon dioxide gas
44. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, should a centrifuge always be
balanced? Yes
45. In what part of the algae are water molecules split? thylakoid
46. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, in what workbench is the
spectrophotometer located? 2
47. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, has Dr. One able to identify the
pigment by herself? No
48. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what is used to calibrate the
spectrophotometer to make the absorption of the solvent itself to zero? blank
49. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what farm was studied? fish farm
50. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was use as the analogy in
exploring inside algae cells? scuba diver
51. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, photosynthesis what technology was
photosynthesis compared with? solar panel
52. Carotenoids are sensitive to the following EXCEPT what? salts
53. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was used to transfer sample to
the tube at the rack? pipette
54. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was removed using pipette
after centrifugation? Supernatant liquid
55. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what type of algae was analyzed?
dark algae
56. To elute all the pigments contained in the chloroplasts, what do you have to
consider, when choosing from different solvents during the virtual experiment on
pigments? Use both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic solvent
57. Which has mostly color blue in the light spectrum? UV
58. What best describes conjugated systems? Alternating double bonds
59. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the symbol of the button
that starts the spinning of the centrifuge? One arrow pointing to the right
60. In the LabPad where is the speaker symbol located? Upper right corner
61. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was proposed to be the source
of biofuel? algae
62. What light wavelength does chlorophyll not absorb? 550
63. In the pigment virtual experiment, what was the best way to separate
chloroplasts from the buffer? Use a centrifuge to separate the chloroplasts
64. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what will be the contribution of the
farm to the proposed project? Nutrients
65. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the symbol on the
biohazard waste? BIOHAZARD SYMBOL
66. Which has mostly color red in the light spectrum? Infrared
67. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was the proposed cover of the
project? green house
68. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what does it mean if pigments are
colored black? It absorbs the whole spectrum of light
69. Match the remnants of the ingestion of chloroplasts by early eukaryotic cells
Plasma membrane of the photosynthetic cell - inner membrane
Vacuole of the eukaryote - outer membrane
70. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what PPE was used in handling
liquid nitrogen? Cryo gloves
71. What wavelength of sunlight is visible to our eyes? 650
72. When you lower the LabPad, can you still listen to Dr. One? Yes
73. In the pigment virtual experiment, what is the best statement? the chloroplasts
contain a hydrophilic pigment that absorbs green light
74. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, where did the algae cells move at
the tube after the centrifugation? At the bottom
75. What wavelength of light do carotenoids absorb? 500
76. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what fuel was the power plant
using? coal
77. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what is the result of the release of
waste by the farm?
 Algal blooms
 Ecosystem destruction
 Dead zones in the sea
78. During photosynthesis what do light waves do to electrons? excite them
79. What does a spectrophotometer measure? Absorbance spectra
80. What type of electors do conjugated systems have? Lone pairs
81. What do pigment molecules have in common in the virtual pigment experiment?
Extended conjugated systems
82. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, how many tubes were used in the
ice bucket? 4
83. Where are the pigment molecules located? In a protein complex that keeps
them in place
84. What best describes chlorophylls? hydrophobic
85. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, what was being proposed to be put
up the person in charge of the project? large pool
86. Where are thylakoids located in the cell? stroma
87. What part of the chloroplast looks like a stack? stroma
88. In the pigment extraction virtual experiment, waste products from the farm and
the power plant will be used as what for the project? resource
89. How many double bonds do phycoerythrobilin have? 7
90. If you put only one tube in the centrifuge, what is wrong with it? the centrifuge is
not balanced
91. What was used by the analytical lab to identify the pigments?
spectrophotometer