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Paper 38
Paper 38
Paper 38
Abstract—In the elevator drives, there is a wastage of a huge operating cycle. But to implement back to back converter for
amount of energy in a breaking resistor which need to be the energy to be fed back to the grid is very expensive, due to
controlled. The extra energy being generated by different ways requirement of a fully controlled converter. So, the second
required to be stored for some duration to be used later for the option that is to store energy in an accumulator is preferable.
efficient operation of an elevator. Aim of this paper is to present Accumulator can be either batteries or supercapacitor. Due to
how the supercapacitor can be used for enhancing elevator having more life and efficiency supercapacitor has been
efficiency by saving the energy. The dc-dc converter has been selected to use as an energy storage device [9].
used to interface the voltage level of different sources. The
regenerated energy which is normally wasted during braking is
stored temporarily into supercapacitor energy storage device and In classical solution of an elevator, batteries were used.
reutilized it when the more energy is requested by an elevator But supercapacitor prefers over batteries because of having its
motor. For elucidation of the operation of an overall system, the own physical property of not to lose the energy stored in it.
simulation results have been discussed. (Abstract) Supercapacitor is also used to control a large amount of power
by having its internal resistance to be less. The supercapacitor
Keywords— Elevator motor drive, energy storage, control can be dealt in difficult situations as compared with other
system, braking energy, supercapacitor (key words) energy storage devices as it is capable for more charging and
discharging cycles to be operated in a more range of
temperature [2]-[3].
I. Introduction
SUPERCAPACITOR shows one of the newest In [5], the supercapacitor storage system is designed for
innovations for storing the energy in the form of electrical the efficiency to be higher than 90%. So the grid absorption
energy and for smoothing the power. From the last few power can be reduced and energy efficient elevator is attained.
decades the application of supercapacitor has been increasing In an elevator, the production and consumption of an electric
widely. Reduction of energy consumption has becoming a energy is always depends upon the lifting up and down
major task in this fast growing world. For this purpose the movement of the cabin. When the elevator goes upward
device must be energy efficient. To improve the energy having full load or goes downward having empty load, the
efficiency of an elevator, there must be a storage device for maximum energy can be consumed. On the other hand, when
storing regenerated power which is generated at the time of it goes to downward having full load or goes upward having
lifting-up with light load and lifting- down with heavy load. empty load the maximum amount of energy produces.
As supercapacitor has a large energy density and power Whatever the energy produced here will get stored in a
density, it can store a huge amount of regenerative energy breaking resistor. After some time this energy is collected in
during braking. This energy is fed back to the elevator motor an energy storage supercapacitor [6]. During motoring
when more amount of power is requested. By using this new operation, when the elevator motor wants more amount of
technique the efficiency of an elevator drive can be improved energy, supercapacitor gives it and discharges. At this moment
[4]. dc-dc converter works in boost mode and transfers
supercapacitor energy into dc-link. The energy accumulated in
dc link is transferred to the elevator motor. Due to this the
Kinetic energy should be recovered for reducing the
power which should come from grid will get decreased and
energy consumption during an elevator operation having many
hence energy will be saved. By saving this energy
floors with a heavy traffic. The energy during braking can be
enhancement in an elevator efficiency has become possible.
obtained by operating the drive of an elevator as a motor or as
a generator. The recovered energy which is obtained when In this project PID controller has been used and the
machine operates as a generator can be fed back to the grid via reduction of energy consumption and smooth charging of
a power electronics converter or stored in an accumulator for supercapacitor along with its state of charge has been
utilization purpose when machine operates as motor in next discussed.
978-1-5090-5434-3©2017 IEEE
3rd International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics (AEEICB17)
series for attaining a higher voltage in the application where
high power is required. The manufacturer, Maxwell offers a
II. Energy saving in an elevator selling of supercapacitor module having a package of many
supercapacitors in series which gives a rated voltage with a
A. System Design large feasibility. Fig.3 shows the equivalent circuit of a
For reducing energy consumption batteries can also be supercapacitor with RC serial model. Resr is the resistance
used in fig.1 but a new solution for elevator having which is connected in series. The leakage resistance Rp which
supercapacitor as an accumulator is the best because it has is connected in parallel can be eliminated if the operation is
advantages of less maintenance and more reliability and ease for a short duration. Actually, for a supercapacitor having
of operation [8]. It does not need to be replaced like batteries capacitance more than 500F, the leakage current is below
because it has a safe operation. Fig.2 comprises the elevator 10mA whereas its rated current is above a hundred amperes. It
machine drive, dc-dc converter, rectifier, inverter and should be charged before reaching at breakdown voltage.
supercapacitor storage bank. The energy which is remained
after complete charging of supercapacitor bank is dissipated in
the resistor. The energy recovery system has been used to
determine the voltage coming from ac-grid and current from
supercapacitor bank. Dc-dc converter is used for interfacing
the high voltage level of dc-link voltage with the low voltage
level of supercapacitor bank. Elevator control desk gives
control to the system and determines the elevator operation.
B. Supercapacitor-bank
A supercapacitor can also be known as electric double
layer capacitors and it is different from normal capacitor due
to its higher capacitance. Super capacitors are found in a place
where the storage device is able to smooth the power. It
consists of two electrodes and distance between these two is
so closed that they are only able to operate at voltage below
3V. Thus, more units of supercapacitor should be connected in
978-1-5090-5434-3©2017 IEEE
3rd International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics (AEEICB17)
978-1-5090-5434-3©2017 IEEE
3rd International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics (AEEICB17)
with power factor correction”, in Proc. Intern. Conf. ECCE 2013, pp.
721-727.
[5] S. Luri, I. Etxeberria-Otadui, A. Rujas, E. Bilbao, and A. Gonzalez,
“Design of a supercapacitor based storage system for improved elevator
applications”, in Proc. Energy Conversion Congress and
Exposition,2010, pp. 4534-4539.
[6] N. Jabbour, C. Mademlis, and I. Kioskeridis, “Improved performance in a
supercapacitor-based energy storage control system with bidirectional
DC-DC converter for elevator motor drives”, in Proc. IET Conf. PEMD,
2014, pp. 1-6
[7] E. Bilbao, P. Barrade, I. Etxeberria-Otadui, A. Rifer, S. Luri, and I. Gil,
“Optimal energy management strategy of an improved elevator with
energy storage capacity based on dynamic programming”, IEEE Trans.
Ind. Appl., vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 1233-1243, March/Apr. 2014.
[8] Z. Li and Y. Ruan, “A novel energy saving control system for elevator
based on supercapacitor bank using fuzzy logic”, in Proc. Intern. Conf.
ICEM, 2008, pp. 2717-2722.
[9] A. Mesemanolis, C. Mademlis, and I. Kioskeridis, “Neuro-fuzzy energy
management system in elevator drive applications for maximum braking
energy regenerative capability”, in Proc. IET Conf. PEMD, 2014, pp. 1-
6.
Fig.10. State of charge of the supercapacitor
[10] J. Nipkow, M. Schalcher, ‘Energy consumption and efficiency potentials
of lifts’, Report of research project No. 101106/2005 (Publication
250057), Swiss Agency for Energy Efficiency (S.A.F.E.).
V. Conclusion
In this paper, the main focus is on improving elevator
efficiency by reducing its consumption. The simulation results
of motor and supercapacitor have been discussed for the
model made in MATLAB. It is found that when the charging
time for the supercapacitor from 0.7V-1.2V has been given, its
current goes to negative whereas its voltage and SOC goes-up.
If there is no path for discharging energy, curve remains
constant after this interval. So, by using supercapacitor in an
elevator, energy can be saved more by increasing the voltage
as it varies directly with the energy.
References
[1] A. Rufer and P. Barrade, “A supercapacitor-based energy storage
systemfor elevators with soft commutated interface”, IEEE Trans. Ind.
Appl., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 1151-1159, Sep./Oct. 2002.
[2] P. J. Grbovic, P. Delarue, P.L. Moigne, and P. Bartholomeus, “A
bidirectional three-level DC-DC converter for the ultracapacitor
applications”,IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 3415-3430,
Oct. 2010.
[3] S. Kim and P. H. Chou, “Size and topology optimization for
supercapacitor-based sub-watt energy harvesters”, IEEE Trans. Power
Electron.,vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 2068-2080, April 2013
[4] M. P. Shreelakshmi and V. Agarwal, “An energy efficient and
environment friendly elevator system using ultracapacitor and fuel cell
978-1-5090-5434-3©2017 IEEE