TAKE HOME EXAMINATION

<SEMESTER / TAHUN >

JAN/2020

<KOD KURSUS>

XBOS 3103

<TAJUK KURSUS>

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY 1

NO. MATRIKULASI : 941124106283001

NO. KAD PENGNEALAN : 941124106283

PROGRAM : Bachelor Of Occupational

Safety and Health
Management with Honours

NO. TELEFON : 0102355470

E-MEL : deeneshdx@gmail.com

PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN : OUM Shah Alam

Part A

2.

(a)

i. Fire hazard
 The effect of fire on people is due to exposure to thermal radiation.
 The severity of burns depends in heat intensity and exposure time.
ii. Explosion hazard
 Explosions are characterised by a shock or pressure wave and also cause
damage to buildings, equipment and breaking of windows.
 It effects of over pressure can directly result in fatality but only in close
vicinity.
iii. Health hazard
 The welding smoke contains fumes and gases including several chemical and
it can affect just about any part of the body, including lungs, heart, kidneys
and central nervous system.
iv. Electrical shock
 During welding process, creates a risk of electric shock, which happens when
a welder touches two metal objects that have a voltage difference between
them.

(b)

 MIG - Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

 TIG - Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)

 Stick - Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

 Gas Tungsten-Arc Welding.

 Plasma Arc Welding.
(c)

Provide proper training

 The management should provide proper welding training to the welders.

 Would be training for position their head and body to keep their body part
away from the hazard.

Location and type of workplace

 Provide the workplace with proper safety and also ventilation system so
exposure is controlled and there is no depletion of oxygen in the working
atmosphere. So that, the risk will reduce.
 Also, the work place in proper lighting to do work. So that, can reduce the risk
in workplace.

Rotation of working shift

 Management should rotate the welder’s working shift. However, the welders
well trained they need some rest and so welders must work in rotate shift.

Emergency alarm

 In case any small accident, when press the emergency alarm button, the first
aid team will response on the time before occur a big issue.
3.

(a)

Illumination is an observable property and effect of light.

(b)

Construction site

 Localised lighting
 LEDs are the best option for construction sites.
 They are incredibly high-performing in terms of lumen output to energy
consumption.
 They also operate at much lower temperatures than comparative fluorescents
or metal halide options which may lead to burns at the worst or increased heat
in the workplace at best.
 LEDs are a rapidly developing lighting technology and one of the most
energy-efficient lamps available.
 Compared to incandescent lamps, they can use around 75% less energy and
can last 25 times longer although they can be more expensive.
 They are generally highly regarded for their comparable or better-quality light
output compared to other lighting types.

Architecture Firm

 Local lighting
 Architectural lighting design focuses on three fundamental aspects of the
illumination of buildings or spaces.
 This is the aesthetic appeal of a building, an aspect particularly important in
the illumination of retail environments.
 In the ergonomic aspect the measure of how much of a function the lighting
plays.
 It is energy efficiency, ensuring that light is not wasted by over illumination
which occurs either by illuminating vacant spaces unnecessarily or by
providing lighter than needed for the aesthetics or the task. Cultural factors
also need to be considered.
(c)

 Human factors;
 Area to be lit;
 Tasks to be done; and
 Equipment and furniture used in tasks

General lighting establishments are intended to give uniform illumination over the entire
work environment. Both quality and quantity of light are significant. Light sources ought to
be very much found, illuminating the working environment just as passageways and halls. A
working environment should have an agreeable and uniform illumination.
Part B

Question 1

Ergonomics Hazard – Sitting and lifting in an incorrect manner will most likely prompts
unexpected wounds or injuries at the lower back, neck and eyes.

Control measure: we can put the seats and work area where is adequate lighting. Keep a
decent sitting position and ensure the back isn't twist. When lifting things off the floor, be
sure to lift things with your back straight and your legs bent.

Electrical Hazard – Always focus on the wire plug attachment expiry date and don't go past
the date. Supplant the cords and cables if the is any harm.

Control measure: Try not to twist the wires if there is to a considerable lot of them and put
them in right request. Detach the power when fixing the apparatuses.

Fire Hazard – Inappropriate capacity of thing can prompt fire. And also the electrical
equipment carry the risk of electrical shock as well as sparks which if come into contact with
flammable material can start a fire.

Control measure: We should be in every case clear where there is exit and crisis exit is and
the executives should offer preparing to all staff on what type fire extinguisher we can toward
the start of the fire and cause they to comprehend they ought to empty themselves if the fire
of control.
Question 2

a) Industrial Counterbalance Forklifts

 Industrial counterbalance forklifts are the most common trucks used in indoor
warehouses and stores, although they can be used outdoors, on stable, even
surfaces. They offer straightforward operation and have dual forks at the front
of the truck that lift and transport the loads.

Uses: outdoor, construction site

b) Rough Terrain Forklifts

 For outdoor construction and with difficult terrain, a rough terrain forklift is
ideal. It has inflatable tyres with thicker threads, allowing stability on uneven
ground, as well as a more powerful engine so it can reach higher speeds, and
better manoeuvrability, making them must more robust and durable.

 This means that they are perfect for transporting heavy loads across rugged
terrain, with some models handling up to 3 tonnes per load. The carefully
calibrated counterbalance at the back of the truck prevents overbalancing, with
it being easily operated in mud, ice or even snow.

Uses: outdoor, construction site, ice road, mud road

c) Industrial Side Loader Forklifts

 There are two main types of side loader forklifts, the enclosed cab that is most
commonly used outdoors, and a stand-up version that is more suited to indoor
tasks. There’s also a multi-way version, where the wheels all rotate by 90°,
allowing ease of transportation in any direction. As a result, they are especially
useful for lifting and transporting tubing, pipes and sheet materials safely and
efficiently. Side loaders are also very prominent in the timber industry due to
their ability to carry long heavy loads in narrow aisled areas.

Uses: indoor & industry

d) Telescopic Handler Forklifts
 Telescopic handler forklifts are ideal for use in agriculture and all kinds of
industry that require high lifting. They offer a whole range of features that
make them much more useful in a range of situations, so much so that they are
often thought of as small cranes, rather than forklift trucks.

 Telescopic handlers have the additional advantage of a single telescopic boom

that allows the truck to become a much more powerful and flexible piece of
machinery. There are a number of practical attachments available, including a
lift table, bucket, pallet fork and muck grabber.

Uses: outdoor & construction site

e) Operated Pallet Trucks

 operated lift trucks and pallet trucks are most commonly used in warehouses
and storage facilities for the easy transportation of pallets. All pedestrian
operated trucks have forked that slide beneath the pallet and use a hydraulic
jack to lift the load from the ground for easy manoeuvrability.

 There’s a wide variety of styles and designs available, some capable of
moving loads of 5000lbs, but the main difference is between the lift and pallet
trucks.

 The pallet truck is simply for moving loads from one place to another at
ground level, but it has limited reach, while the lift truck is more complex and
is capable of transporting and lifting a palletised load onto a higher level or for
stacking loads on top of each other.

Uses: outdoor, industry & construction site

 Hazard Control measure

 Crossing railroad tracks, which

Elimination
can unbalance a forklift
 Operating and braking on slippery  Change the layout of the work area to

floors eliminate the need for

pedestrians to be in areas where forklifts
 Operating on dirt and gravel
operate
 Poor lighting
 Unstable loads Substitution
 Loads of hazardous materials
 Replace forklifts with powered pallet
 Carrying a heavy load with the trucks or walkie
forks too high Stackers
 Working around loading docks
Isolation
 Carrying loads that block the
forward vision  Create separate designated areas for
 Stacking and unstacking on racks pedestrians and for vehicles e.g. ‘no go’
 Speeding, so that the forklift can’t zones for pedestrians

stop in time to avoid the  Create a physical barrier using sturdy

pedestrian barricades
 Being unaware of pedestrians in Engineering controls
the area
 Install proximity alarms, speed limiters,
 Carrying passengers on the
reversing sensors or
forklift
reversing cameras to forklifts
Administrative controls

 Undertake pre- operational forklift checks

 Implement and enforce speed limits
 Use warning signs e.g. ‘Pedestrians
Prohibited – Forklift Operating Area’
 Clearly mark pedestrian walkways
 Certified operators with the relevant state
or territory

Personal Protective Equipment

 High visibility or reflective clothing

 Wear safety glasses or goggles to protect
your eyes from dust and debris
 Fit forklifts with seatbelts