Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

School of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering

Engineering Materials II

Assignment 3

Group members
Dawit wonduante………..ugr/3751/13
Mailaf tewodros…………..ugr/6268/13
Elias jemal……………………ugr/7443/13
Zerubabel tadiyos………..ugr/7066/13

Submission date: February 10, 2023

Submitted to: Mr. Henok zewdu

1)
(a) The longitudinal tensile strength is

(b) The longitudinal elastic modulus is

2)
(a) to calculate the Ff /Fm ratio

(b) Now, the actual loads carried by both phases are

But, since Ff = 44.7Fm we may write

(c) To compute the stress on each of the phases, it is first necessary to know the cross-sectional areas of
both fiber and matrix. These are determined assuming that areas (of fiber and matrix phases) are equal to the
product of phase volume fraction and composite cross-sectional area—that is

(d) both matrix and fiber phases leads to the following:

3)

(a) From the tabulated data, we are asked to compute

, the number-average molecular weight.

(b) From the tabulated data, we are asked to compute

, the weight-average molecular weight
C) to compute the degree of polymerization

m = 2(AC) + 4(AF)
= (2)(12.01 g/mol) + (4)(19.00 g/mol) = 100.02 g/mol

4)

(a) Compute the densities of totally crystalline and totally amorphous polypropylene.
(b) Determine the density of a specimen having 74.6% crystallinity.

= 0.917 g/cm3

5)

to specify possible crystal structures for an AX type of ceramic material given its density
(2.10 g/cm3), that the unit cell has cubic symmetry with edge length of 0.57 nm, and the atomic weights of the A and
X elements (28.5 and 30.0 g/mol, respectively)

= 4.00 formula units/unit cell

Of the three possible crystal structures, only sodium chloride and zinc blende have four formula units per unit cell,
and therefore, are possibilities.

6)

(a) Under these conditions, name one crystalline defect that you would expect to form in order to maintain
charge neutrality.

For a Cu2+O2− compound in which a small fraction of the copper ions exist as Cu+, for each Cu+
formed there is one less positive charge introduced (or one more negative charge). In order to maintain charge
neutrality, we must either add an additional positive charge or subtract a negative charge. This may be
accomplished be either creating Cu2+ interstitials or O2− vacancies.
(b) How many Cu+ ions are required for the creation of each defect?

There will be two Cu+ ions required for each of these defects.

(c) How would you express the chemical formula for this nonstoichiometric material?

The chemical formula for this nonstoichiometric material is or , where x is some

small fraction.

7)

For every Al3+ ion that substitutes for Mg2+ in MgO, a single positive charge is added. Thus, in order to
maintain charge neutrality, either a positive charge must be removed or a negative charge must be added.
Negative charges are added by creating O2− interstitials, which are not likely to form.
Positive charges may be removed by forming Mg2+ vacancies, and one magnesium vacancy would be
formed for every two Al3+ ions added.

8)

(a) Compute the flexural strength if the load at fracture is 350 N

(b) Compute Δy at a load of 310 N