DAMAS

thatblocks flow
structures the of a river, stream, or other
waterway.

OF
PURPOSE ADAM

·WATER SUPPLY
AND
STORAGE
·

FLOOD CONTROL
NAVIGATION
·

·IRRIGATION
·

ELECTRICAL GENERATION RECREATION

TYPES OF
DAMS

EMBANKMENT DAM formed of

out loose rock, earth or a combination these
of

materials
PAKISTAN'S
*
TARBELA DAM (LargestEarthfill Dam)

GRAVITY DAM use only the force of

gravity to resist water pressure

made of concrete stone

masonry.
OREGON'S
*
WILLOW CREEK DAM

ARCH DAM concrete structures upstream into reservior,

·
or
masonry that curve a

stretching from one wall of river to the other.

a
canyon
CHINA'S (HighestArch Dam, 305m)
*

JINPING-I DAM.

BUTTRESS DAM consists of a wall, or face, supported by several buttresses on the

downstream side

*FRANCE'S ROSELEND DAM

FORCES ACTING ON GRAVITY DAM

UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM

inInt
GRAVITY FORCES N, W2 W3

Iy
N3

HYDROSTATIC FORCES F, F2
F1 X F2

- UPLIFT U
FORCE
RN
X Rx any upward pressure applied to a
N a
structure thathas the potential raise
to
HEEL TOE
itrelative its
to surroundings.
~ Ry

OVERTURNING MOMENT COM) resultant moment that

may cause the rotation or

overturning of the dam, in the TOE.

RIGHTING MOMENT (RM) the

about
moment toe counteracts
that the

overturning moment.

SOLVING FOR THE BASE REACTIONS DAM

THE
OF

SFX 8 =

SFy 0
=

Fi Fz RX
Ry + U W, W2 W3
=
= + +
+

Rx F, Fz Ry W, W2 +W3 -r
= = +
-
DISTANCE
OFRy FROM TOE

& MTOE 0
=

Weal
*
A
OE
OM +
Ry (x) RN
=

HEE 1 &
RM-OM
Ra
x =

Ry

Pe x
*

SOIL (FOUNDATION PRESSURE

SOLE FOR ECCENTRATION (e) The distance of Ry from the centerline of the base

B/2 B/2
"
#
X xi
CI

Yet
I
0M
⑧

HEEL
A
&OE

Ra
** *
*
!
B/3
Y
B/3
xk
B/3

When
el within the middle third:
"
e
i ,
6 /6,
CI

"
0M
-
⑧ ·
HEELa x x TO E
X a -

R(1 4)
x

i
=

&M RM
q
=
-
SOIL
PRESSURE
DIAGRAM qT

Pe x
*
q max (t)

q min(-)
29. ·
Im
KY
B

When e > (outside the middle third): !

B/3
Y
B/3
xk
B/3

ge 2
=

q
+
"
e!
, 6! /6,
CI
i
-
0M
I
HEEL*

i
4
x a
OE

I I
RM
ge
e
=
Y

FACTORS SAFETY
OF X a/3
=

/ /
a

ES against sliding, ESs ESs=MRY 1.8

RM
FSo: - 1.0
IS againstoverturning OM
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1 CE BOARD

A DAM IS TRIANGULAR IN CROSS-SECTION UPSTREAM

WITHTHE FACE VERTICAL. WATER IS

FLUSHED WITH THE TOPTHE

DAM IS 8m HICH AND Gm WIDE THE
AT BASE AND MEIGHS 2.4 TONS

PER CUBIC METER. COEFFICIENT

THE FRICTION
OF BETWEEN THE BASE AND FOUNDATION
THE IS

0.8. DETERMINE
THE(a) MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM UNIT PRESSURE
ON FOUNDATION
THE AND

(b) FACTORS OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING AND AGAINST SLIDING.

1m

Pconcrete =
2400 kg/m3
0.8
=

us
Om ⑧m

DAM
n 8m
=

F -- b =Gm
1F
-

TOE
Gm a,
Im HEEL

-W
...W Ry
=

M 5 Vol Ry
(a) LOCATION FROM TOE
=

240029.81(5 x8x6)(1m)
=

LN 3(6) 4m
=
=

1F
I(8) 2m
=
=

Ndam =

565.06 KNY

F WnA
=
9.81(a)(8x1)
=

F 313.92
kN
=

E. MTOE 0
=

(4m) 2260.24
=

RM M 565.06
=
=

313.92(8m)
=

OM F = =
831.12 kNm
kNm

RMOM
W Ry;
=

x =
2260.24-834.12
=

2.52m
=

565.06

e 3 x
(1 4)
= -

center =

q
=
-

/ /
B/2
e 3
= -
2.52 ne
q max (t)
e 0.48m HEEL a TOE
=

a &

9 min
q min(-)
9 max

Ie ex
I
g
=
-

56586(1 610;48) =

I
Ry
I 0.48 <B.: 1
CASE
6m = -139.38kPa
gmax
48.97 kPa
=

9min
-

(b) FSo RN =
2260.24
=

2.70
= >
1, SAFE
OM 837.12

0.8(565.00)
FS,
uRY 1.44) 1, SAFE
= =
=

312.92
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2

CONCRETE
A DAM RETAINING WATER IS SHOWN. THE
IF SPECIFIC MEICHT IS
CONCRETE
OF 23.5 kN/m3,
FIND FACTOR
THE SAFETYAGAINST
OF SLIDING & OVERTURNING THE
AND PRESSURE
INTENSITYON THE

BASE. THERE
ASSUME IS A HYDROSTATIC UPLIFT THAT VARIES UNIFORMLY FROM FULL HYDROSTATIC

HEAD AT THE
HEEL TO MINIMUM AT TOE,AND
THE COEFFICIENT
THE OF FRICTION BETWEEN DAM

AND FOUNDATION SOIL IS 0.45.

4m
k x1
4mx
/
/
3m
/ 3m
/
R
R

12m W4 W1
12m
14M
3m 14M W2 I
~(5
Ik Y - 3m ,a
-
A - Ik Y 2n
-

5m Fl X -
A -
3m 3m 5m
*
A B 3m W3 3m
- < F2
B
/ /
*
A
HEEL TOE -
/ /
P >
am
*
TM ⑧M REL i TOE

I - 50w x -
15M
-15m
5
95w
/RM Un
14
XOM centroid
Uz

FORCES MAGNITUDE LOCATION from tOe MOMENT KN.M

we Wi 23.5 (4x15) (1) 1410 kN

=

8 +
10m
=

14100kNM RM

v N2 23.5(2 8x12)(1) x
1128kN
=

-(8) 143m =

6016 kNm RM

IN3 5VOl 23.5(15x3) (1) 1059.5 kN

=

15/2
We 1.5m
=
7931.5 kNM RM

N4 9.81(11 x3)(1) 323.73 kN 2

=

~ 15 13.5m 4340.36 kNM RM

- =

~ IN5 9.81(5(2)()(1) 13.08kN

=
Y3(z) 4/9m =

5.81 kNm RM
X Fl
WA 9.81(7)(14x1) 961.38kN
=

%(14) 14/3 =

m 4486.44kNm OM
v Fz 9.81(2.5)(5x1) 122.63kN =

13 (5) 5/3m =

204.38 KNM RN
55w

U. 15(5x9.81)(1) 735.75kN 15/2 1.5m

=

X
=

5518.13 kNM OM
V 95w
X Uz (15)(9x9.81)(1) 662.78 kN
=

43 (15) = 10m 6627.8 kNm OM

SRM 32628.05
=

kNm

SOM=16626.37 KNM
12 A I=
RM 32628.05
b
2
...
a
=

FSo = =

1.96> 1, SAFE
OM
=

8 16626.37

Ry 3N -5U
=

2534.38kN
=

FSS URy 0.45(2534.38)

=
=
1.34)
=
1, SAFE
Rx F,
= -

Fz
=

838.75 Rx 838.75

RM,OM
x
=
32628.85
=
-
16626.34 6.31m
=

2534.38

ne

e B
= -
x =5 - 6.31 1.19m
=
<
Bi 2.5
=
HEEL R

9 min
R & &
TOE

9 max
1
CASE
1.19 <2.5

9 max=
q
=
-
(1 4) =

2534.38(1 6) =
-249.38 kPa

g
-
=

gmin =
-88.53 kPa