1 CENTRE OF MASS

CHAMPIONS LECTURE SERIES

P–023
Time: 2 Hrs

Lecture Planning & Flow

No. Lecture Contents Homework of this lecture
I For JEE Main/CET Aspirants
Solve Abhyaas - IV (Level-I) with
detailed analysis a nd solut ions
(Don't just write the answer) on plane
II white sheet of paper and submit.

For JEE Advanced Aspirants

Solve Abhyaas - IV (Level - I & Level-II)
with Detailed analysis and solutions
(Don't just write the answer) on plane
white sheet of paper and submit.
III Introduction of collision, types of collision (Head - on
and oblique), Focus of Head - on, Nature of collision
(elastic and inelastic), coefficient of restitution,
derivations related to two point masses, problem
solving, impulse, impulsive forces

IV

HCV
Exercises

Has the student completed the homework of the previous lecture ? STAMP

Roll No.

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 2

PERFECTLY ELASTIC OBLIQUE COLLISION v1

m1
By law of conservation of momentum
u1 
Along x-axis, m1 u 1  m 2 u 2  m1 v1 cos   m 2 v 2 cos  .....(i) m1 m2 u2

Along y-axis, 0  m 1 v 1 sin   m 2 v 2 sin  .....(ii)
Before Collision m2
By law of conservation of kinetic energy
v2
1 1 1 1
m1 u12  m 2 u 22  m1 v12  m 2 v 22 .......(iii) After Collision
2 2 2 2

In case of oblique collision it becomes difficult to solve problem when some experimental data are provided
as in these situations more unknown variables are involved than equations formed.
Special condition : If m 1  m 2 and u 2  0 substituting these values in equation (i), (ii) and (iii) we get
u1  v1 cos   v 2 cos  .....(iv)
0  v 1 sin   v 2 sin  .....(v)
2 2 2
and u v v
1 1 2
.....(vi)
Squaring (iv) and (v) and adding we get
u12  v12  v 22  2v1 u 2 cos(  ) .....(vii)
Using (vi) and (vii) we get cos(   )  0
 /2
i.e. after perfectly elastic oblique collision of two bodies of equal masses (if the second body is at rest),
the scattering angle    would be 90o .
Illustration-29 A ball moving with velocity of 9m / s collides with another similar stationary ball. After thee
collision both the balls move in directions making an angle of 30o with the initial direction. After thee
collision their speed will be
(a) 2.6m / s (b) 5.2m / s (c) 0.52m / s (d) 52m / s
v
Solution : (b) Initial horizontal momentum of the system = m 9
m
Final horizontal momentum of the system = 2mv cos 30o
9 m/s
30º
According to law of conservation of momentum, m m
30º
At rest
m 9 = 2mv cos 30o  v = 5.2 m/s m
Before Collision
v
After Collision
Illustration-30 A ball of mass 1kg , moving with a velocity of 0.4m / s collides with another stationary ball. After
er
the collision, the first ball moves with a velocity of 0.3m / s in a direction making an angle of 90o
with its initial direction. The momentum of second ball after collision will be (in k g - m / s )
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.7

Solution : (c) Let second ball moves with momentum P making an angle  from the horizontal (as shown in the
figure).
By the conservation of horizontal momentum 0.3 m/s

1  0.4  P cos  ......(i) 1 kg

By the conservation of vertical momentum
0.3 = P sin  ......(ii) 0.4 m/s
From (i) and (ii) we get P = 0.5 kg-m/s 1 kg

At rest
Before Collision
P
After Collision

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 3 CENTRE OF MASS
Illustration-31 Keeping the principle of conservation of momentum in mind which of the following collision diagram is
not correct

M1 M2

 
(a)  (b) 
M1 M2 M1 M2

M2 M1
M1 M1

90º 90º
(c) M M2
 (d)
1 M1 M2 M2
M2
Solution : (d) In this condition the final resultant momentum makes some angle with x-axis. Which is not possible
because initial momentum is along the x-axis and according to law of conservation of momentum initial
and final momentum should be equal in magnitude and direction both.
Illustration-32 Three particles A, B and C of equal mass are moving with the same velocity v along the medians
of an equilateral triangle. These particle collide at the centre G of triangle. After collision A
becomes stationary, B retraces its path with velocity v then the magnitude and direction of
velocity of C will be
(a) v and opposite to B C
(b) v and in the direction of A
v
(c) v and in the direction of C
G
(d) v and in the direction of B v
v
A B
Solution : (d) From the figure (I) it is clear that before collision initial momentum of the system = 0
After the collision, A becomes stationary, B retraces its path with velocity v. Let C moves with velocity
V making an angle  from the horizontal. As the initial momentum of the system is zero, therefore
horizontal a nd ver tical momentum after the col lision should also be equal to zero.
mv mv v
B 120º A
C
120º 120º

A
C 30º
B
v
mv
figure - I figure - II
From figure (II) Horizontal momentum v cos   v cos 30o  0 .…..(i)
Vertical momentum v sin   v sin 30 o  0 …..(ii)
By solving (i) and (ii) we get   30o and V = vi.e. the C will move with velocity v in the direction
of B.

Illustration-33 A ball B1 of mass M moving northwards with velocity v collides elastically with another ball B 2 of
same mass but moving eastwards with the same velocity v. Which of the following statements will
be true
(a) B1 comes to rest but B 2 moves with velocityy 2v

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 4
(b) B1 moves with velocity 2v but B 2 comes to rest
est
(c) Both move with velocity v / 2 in north east direction
(d) B1 moves eastwards and B2 moves north wards
ds
Solution : (d) Horizontal momentum and vertical momentum both should remain conserve before and after collision.
This is possible only for the (d) option.

Illustration-34 A particle of mass m moving eastward with a speed v collides with another particle of the same
mass moving northward with the same speed v . The two particles coalesce on collision. The new
w
particle of mass 2m will move in the north-easterly direction with a velocity
(a) v / 2 (b) 2v (c) v / 2 (d) v
Solution : (c) Initially both the par ticle s are moving per pendicular to each other w ith momentum mv.
So the net initial momentum  (mv)2  (mv)2  2 mv .
After the inelastic collision both the particles (system) moves with velocity V, so linear momentum
= 2mv

By the law of conservation of momentum 2 mv  2 mV v

m
m
 V  v/ 2.  v
m

v
m
COLLISION BETWEEN BULLET AND VERTICALLY SUSPENDED BLOCK

A bullet of mass m is fired horizontally with velocity u in block of mass M suspended by vertical
thread. After the collision bullet gets embedded in block. Let the combined system raised upto height
h and the string makes an angle  with the vertical.
(1) Velocity of system
Let v be the velocity of the system (block + bullet) just after the collision.
 L
Momentumbullet + Momentumblock = Momentumbullet and block system L–h
mu + 0 = (m + M)v m
m u h
mu m
 v  ……(i)
(m  M )

(2) Velocity of bullet : Due to energy which remains in the bullet block system, just after the collision,
the system (bullet + block) rises upto height h.
1
By the conservation of mechanical energy (m  M )v 2  ( m  M ) gh  v  2 gh  v  2 gh
2
mu
Now substituting this value in the equation (i) we get 2gh 
m M

 (m  M ) 2 gh 
 u 
 m 
(3) Loss in kinetic energy : We know the formula for loss of kinetic energy in perfectly inelastic
collision

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 5 CENTRE OF MASS

1 m1m2
K  (u1  u2 )2
2 m1  m2

1 mM 2
 K  u [As u1 = u, u2 = 0, m1 = m and m2 = M]
2 m M
(4) Angle of string from the vertical
2
 (m  M ) 2 gh  u2  m 
From the expression of velocity of bullet u    we can get h   
 m  2g  m  M 

2
Lh h u2  m 
From the figure cos    1  1    or
L L 2 gL  m  M 

2
 1  mu  
  cos 1 1    
 2 gL  m  M  
Illustration-35 A bullet of mass m moving with velocity v strikes a block of mass M at rest and gets embeded into it.
The kinetic energy of the composite block will be

1 m 1 M
(a) mv 2  (b) mv 2 
2 (m  M ) 2 (m  M )

1 (M  m ) 1 m
(c) mv 2  (d) Mv 2 
2 M 2 (m  M )
Solution : (a) By conservation of momentum,
Momentum of the bullet (mv) = momentum of the composite block (m + M)V

mv
 Velocity of composite block V 
m M
2
1 2 1  mv  1 m 2v 2 1  m 
 Kinetic energy ( m  M )V  (m  M )     mv 2  
2 2 m M  2 m M 2 m M 

Illustration-36 A mass of 10 gm , moving horizontally with a velocity of 100cm / sec , strikes the bob of a pendulum and
nd
strikes to it. The mass of the bob is also (see fig.) The maximum height to which the system can be
raised is ()
(a) Zero
(b) 5 cm
(c) 2.5 cm
1m/s
(d) 1 .25 cm 10 gm
10 gm
Solution : (d) By the conservation of momentum,
1
Momentum of the bullet = Momentum of system 10 × 1 = (10 + 10)× 1 v v  m /s
2

v 2 (1 / 2)2
Now maximum height reached by system H max   m=1.25cm.
2g 2  10

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 6
Illustration-37 A bullet of mass m moving with a velocity v strikes a suspended wooden block of mass M as shown
in the figure and sticks to it. If the block rises to a height h the initial velocity of the bullet is
m M
(a) 2 gh (b) 2gh
m
(m+M)
M m m
(c) 2 gh (d) 2 gh
M M m h
m v
Solution : (a) By the conservation of momentum mv = (m + M)V M

and if the system goes upto height h then V  2 gh

m M
 mv  ( m  M ) 2 gh  v  2 gh .
m
Illustration-38 A bag P (mass M) hangs by a long thread and a bullet (mass m) comes horizontally with velocity v and
gets caught in the bag. Then for the combined (bag + bullet) system the
mvM mV 2
(a) Momentum is (b) Kinetic energy
M m 2

mv (M  m ) m2V 2
(c) Momentum is (d) Kinetic energy is
M 2(M  m )

mv
Solution : (d) Velocity of combined system V 
m M

mv
Momentum for combined system  ( m  M )V  ( m  M )
m M
Kinetic energy for combined system
2
1 1  mv  1 m 2v 2 m2 v 2
 ( m  M )V 2  ( m  M )    ( m  M )  ..
2 2 m M  2 (m  M )2 2(m  M )

Illustration-39 A wooden block of mass M is suspended by a cord and is at rest. A bullet of mass m, moving with a
velocity v pierces through the block and comes out with a velocity v / 2 in the same direction. If theree
is no loss in kinetic energy, then upto what height the block will rise
(a) m2v2/2 M2 g (b) m2v2/M2g (c) m2v2/4Mg (d) m2v2/2Mg

v
Solution : (b) By the conservation of momentum Initial momentum = Final momentum mv + M × 0 = m M×V
2
m V 2 ( mv / 2M )2 m 2v 2
 V   If block rises upto height h then h   
2M 2g 2g 8M 2 g
Illustration-40 A particle of mass m strikes elastically with a disc of radius R, with a v
m
velocity v as shown in the figure. If the mass of the disc is equal to that of R/2 R
 m
m
the particle and the surface of the contact is smooth, find the velocity of
the disc just after the collision.
Solution. We see that impact takes place along the normal. Therefore the particle and the disc change their
momentum along that line. however, no external force acts on the system along the normal line.
hence we can conserve the linear momentum of the system (disc + particle) along the normal.
Since the masses of the disc and particle are equal, so the exchange of momentum takes place

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 7 CENTRE OF MASS

along the normal. That means. the particle completely delivers the part (component) of its
momentum (m v cos ) along the normal x

R v sin
 
 
 velocity of the disc = v 1 = (v cos ) j where cos  =  2   1
R 2 v cos m

y
 v
 v1  j.
2
Illustration-41 A plastic ball falls from a height of 4.9 metre and rebounds several times from the floor. What is
the coefficient of restitution during the impact with the floor if 1.3 seconds pass from the first
impact to the second one ?
Solution. The total time t = tAB + 2 tBC A

2h 2h '
 t= 2 C
g g
h
2h 2e 2 h '
 t= 2 h’
g g

2h
 t=  (1  2e) B
g

2  4.9
 1.3 = (1  2e)
9.8
  = 0. 15.

VARIABLE MASS SYSTEMS

The II law of motion states that, the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the force
applied. This gives us the basic form of II law : F = ma , but this is true only if the mass in constant.
d
F is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum. F = (mv)
dt
dv
If mass is constant, me get F = m or F = ma
dt
where F is the net external force on the system, and a is the acceleration of the system.
Now what if mass is a variable ?

In variable mass system, II law must be seen as an instantaneous relation F (t) = m (t) a (t) m (t) is the
instantaneous mass of the system.

F stands for all the forces acting on that system at that instant. In particular it must include the force
exerted by mass entering or leaving the system.
d
Note : Mathematically you can write F = (mv)
dt
m dv v dm
F=  {Now in this equation what is v ? Is it the velocity of the system ? or the velocity of thee
dt dt
extra mass entering or leaving ?

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 8
Equation of motion for a variable mass system. S, m 8m
Consider a system with variable mass. At time t, the mass of the system is m. during a small time t, a
small mass m enters or leaves the system, so that at time t + t, the mass becomes m + m, we apply II
law of motion at this time t. The net force responsible for the acceleration of CM of system S includes, in
addition to all the other external forces, the force exerted on S by the additional mass m, since the mass
fm is external to the system S.
dv
m  Fm ext .  Fm, m .............. (i) S,m m
dt
where Fmext is the net external force on S, and Fm.m is the force on S by m.
Now by Newton’s third law
Fm m = - Fmm ..............(ii)

Now if the velocity of m at time t is va, and that at time t + t is vb, then the rate of change of momentum
of m is
 dp  | m|(v b  v a )  dp  dm
   lim    (v b  v a )
 dt  m  0
t  dt  m dt
 dp  ext.
Now    Fm  Fm ,m ................... (3)
dt
  m
use (3) and (2), and put in (1), we get
m dv dm
 Fmext  Fextm  vb  va 
dt dt
generally  Fextm  force on the small mass is nagligible
m dv dm
  Fmext  (v b  v a )
dt dt

(1) Consider an example of falling raindrop. The mists droplets floating around in the air can be considered to
have zero velocity. When a mist droplet sticks to the raindrop, its velocity changes instanenously to that of
the raindrop. Thus for the mist droplet vb = v and va = 0. The equation can be written as
dv dm m dv v dm d
m  Fmext  v or F =  or  (mv)
dt dt dt dt dt
(2) In case of rocket motion, the fuel particles move with the rocket, so v a = v. After combustion they are
m dv dm
ejected with certain velocity ; hence va = v’. Thus the equation of motion becomes  Fext  (v ' v)
dt dt
v’-v is the relative velocity of exhaust relative to the rocket, And in rocket Fext = 0, therefore
dv dm
m  (v ' v)
dt dt

Illustration-42 A chain of mass M and length l is held vertical, such that its lower end just touches the floor. It is
released from rest. Find the force exerted by the chain on the table when upper end is about to hit
the floor.

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 9 CENTRE OF MASS

Solution. We have to find out the force exerted by the chain on the table in the figure 3. Now all the chain has
already fallen, only the last part (say dx) is left to fall.
 Force exerted by chain = Fexerted by chain on table + Fexerted by the falling part.

Initial At any instant Final

fig. - 1 fig. - 2 fig. - 3
N
The part lying on the table is at rest
(The last ‘dm’ mass is still in air)
 (M - dm) g = N
(M-dm)g
N is the force exerted by table on chain,
 by Newton’s III law, force exerted by chain on table is also N
Fexeted by chain lying on table = (M - dm) g
The last part dm, falls on the table and comes to rest.
Suppose while falling it has a velocity ‘v’, and thus momentum dm v, and after falling its velocity
becomes zero, and thus final momentum is zero.
This last part falls in time dt. Change is momentum = 0 - (dm) v dm,V

Who changed the momentum of last part ?

0  (dm)v
Table top Fon mass dm by table top = {Rate of change of momentum}
dt
(dm)v
 Fon table by mass dm  (Newton’s III law)
dt
And this mass also applied force due to its weight (dm) g.
(dm)v
 Total force on table by chain = (M - dm)g +  (dm)g
dt
M  v M 2
Ftable by chain = Mg +  dx  = Mg + v
L  dt L
Now, since its a free fall, we can easily find the velocity of top part just before falling
1
dm gl = dm v 2
2
v2 = 2gl l
M
 Ftable by chain = Mg + 2gL  3Mg
L

Illustration - 43 A pile of loose link chain mass per unit length  lies on a rough surface with coefficient of kinetic
friction k.One end of chain is being pulled horizontally along the surface by a constant force P.
dx
Determine the accelera tion of chain in terms of x and
dt

Solution : Extra mass dm is getting added in the moving system in time dt.
Change in momentum of dm = dmv - dm (0) = dm v

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 10

dm v P
Rate of change of momentum of dm =  Fdm
dt x
The moving part applies the force on dm.

 The force by dm (variable mass) on the moving part will be - Fdm (Newton III law) f = k N = k ( g)
II Law for the moving part P x Fdm Fdm dm
P - f - Fdm = ma f
dm v
P - k ( xg)   x a
dt
dx
P - k xg -  v   xa [ dm = dx]
dt
P k  xg v 2
a
x
P v2
 a=  k g 
x x

Illustration-44 A rope of length L lies in a straight line on a frictionless table, except for a very small piece at one end
which hangs down through a hole in the table. This piece is released, and the rope slides down
through the hole. What is the speed of the rope as a function of the length x, hanging down the
table?

Solution. If you consider it in two parts (i) the falling length (ii) the sliding length, both are a variable mass
system. Mass is increasing for the 2nd part and decreasing for the 1st part. For the mass dm, there
are two forces acting on it, one by the handing part and other by the sliding part.Both there force s
change the momentum of this dm
  
dmv
Fh  F s 
dt
So basically we can’t say that force applied by the hanging part on dm, is equal to the rate of change
of momentum of dm.
dmv
 we can’t use this equation, F – = ma, here. How do we solve it now?
dt
We consider the rope as a whole (all parts are moving, so why unnecessary make it complicated)
Gravitational force on the hanging part, changes the momentum of the entire string. (take  as the
mass per unit length of the string)
d
xg = (Lv)
dt
L–x
dv
xg  L Table
dt
x
dv xg

dt L
xg
or a =
L
vdv xg

dx L

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 11 CENTRE OF MASS

g
 vdv   L xdx
v2 g x2

2 L 2
g
v x
L

We can also find the v, by using the energy method

Increase in PE = Increase in KE (because there is no energy loss)
1 2 L–x
KEtotal = mv
2
x/2
1
= LV2
2
x
PE = xg   [the CM lies in middle]
2
1 x
 L  v 2  x g  
2 2

g 2 g
v2 = x or v  x
L L

Illustration-45 A rope of length L lies in a heap on a table, except for a very small piece at one end which hangs
down through a hole in the table. This piece is released, and the rope unravels and slides down
through the hole. What is the speed of the rope as a function of the length x handing from the table?
(Assume that the rope is greased, so that it has no friction with itself.)
Solution. This is a variable mass problem. At any instant of time t, suppose the length hanging is x. At time
(t + dt), the length becomes (x + dx). At that time v is the velocity. The mass dm (dx) which get added
to the syetem has initial velocity zero and final v. Change in momentum of dm = dm v – dm (0) = dmv.
 dm  v
or rate of change of momentum of dm = = Force on dm.
dt
Only the hanging part applies the force on dm.
 dm will apply a force – Fdm on the hanging part Table
x
xg – Fdm = xa
dmv
or xg – = xa
dt
dx
or xg – v  xa
dt Fdm

dv x
or xg – v 2  x
dt
2
 dx   d2 x  xg
xg –    x  2 
 dt   dt 
g is the only parameter in the equation.
Now if you see dimensionaly answer should come in the form x(t) = kgt2 (k is a constant)

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 12

m
g , t  s, x  m
s2
We have to find the value of k, so we put x(t) = kgt2 in our equation
2
 dx   d2 x   dx
xg –    x  2   dt  2kgt
 dt   dt   2
kgt2g – (2kgt)2 = kgt2(2kg)  d x  2kg
 dt 2
kg2 t 2 – 4k 2 g2 t 2  2k 2 g2 t 2
k – 4k2 = 2k2
1
6k2 = k  k 
6
1 2
 x(t) = gt
6
dx  1 2
v=
dt  x= 6 gt

d 1 2  1g 2
v=  gt   =  t
dt  6   23
(its like falling freely under gravity of g/3)
1 
vt = gt 
3
or in terms of x,
1
1
2   6x  2 
1  6x   t     2
vx = g   v= gx
3  g  
  g   3

If you use Energy Method

1 x
 x  v2   x  g  
2 2
x 2 x2 g
v  v xg
2 2
2
This is incorrect as we can see that we got v  xg
3
This is because the energy is not constant in this case. This inevitable loss occurs during the abrupt motions
that suddenly brings the atoms from zero to non-zero speed when they join the moving part of the rope.
Therefore we cannot use conservation of energy.
When the whole length falls ( x = L), the loss in energy.
E2–E1 = Final – Initial
 L  1 2g PE = 0
Final = – Mg    M L
2 2 3 L/2
Initial = 0
MgL MgL
E2 – E1 = –
3 2
MgL MgL
E1 – E2 (Loss) = { energy is wasted as heat
6 6

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 13 CENTRE OF MASS

Illustration-46 A chain of length l is placed on a smooth spherical surface of radius R with one of its ends fixed at the top of the
sphere. What will be the acceleration of each element of the chain when its upper end is released?
Take l < R/2.

R
N N
N
N
Solution. First thing which you can see it that the magnitude of acceleration of each
part of the chain should be same, because we assume the chain to be
inextensible. Now, we can see that Normal at each point acts radially. dN
Now, if you consider an element, dm, at some angle , the normal force dN will
be radially. Also the mass dm, will be accelerating only tangentially,  d

 Along the normal, forces are zero

Now, forces along normal should be zero
 dN = dmg cos
dNy = dN cos = dmg cos2 dN
T1
dNx = dN sin = dmg cos sin (T1 and T2 are tension) by the
T2
 masses on left and right, and they
dmg
d
are acting tangentially)
Now you can find the total normal force along x, and y axis
Nx =  dN x and Ny =  dN y
And then use the II law on the chain

Nx = Max
By this you will get a x and a y ,
 2 2
 aCM = a x  a y
Mg – Ny = May

BUT!! This will give you the acceleration of Centre of Mass of the chain. What you have to find is the
acceleration of each element.

So? You just said acceleration of each element will be same. So isn’t the acceleration of CM, will be same to
the element? No. CM

Note that the CM of the chain won’t be at the centre of the chain!! [you can do
the calculation to verify this]

So you have got the acceleration of CM, but you were asked to find out the acceleration of each element.
What do we do now?

Each element of the system only has a tangential acceleration. If you see it as a whole system, only gravity can
apply a tangential force (Normal force will be perpendicular, and the tangential tension force will be internal
force, and they will eventually cancel each other because of III law).
dFt = dm gsin

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 14

M M
dFt = Rd gsin [ dm =  Rd ] N
l L dFt
l dmgsin
R
MRg  d 
Ft =  sin  dmg
0 l d
max = l  max = l/
dFt = dma T

MRg l/R
l  Ft =  dma T
Ft =  – cos 0 
l a T is same for all dm (we are talking of only the magnitudes)
R
max 
MRg  Ft =a T  dm
Ft = 1 – cos l / R 
l  F =aM
 t t
Now, we can write Ft
Ft = a t M
MgR

l
 
1 – cos l R  a t M

gR
a=
l

1 – cos l R 
Please note that, our equation Ft = mat Seems like II law of motion, but it is not. We are just comparing the
magnitudes.

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 15 CENTRE OF MASS

ABHYAAS - IV
LEVEL - I

Q-1 An alpha particle collides with a stationary nucleus and continues moving at an angle of 60° with
respect to the original direction of motion. The nucleus recoils at an angle of 30° with respect to this
direction. Mass number of the nucleus is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

Q-2 A sphere has a perfectly elastic oblique collision with another identical sphere which is initially at rest.
The angle between their velocities after the collision is
(A) 30º (B) 45º (C) 60º (D) 90º

Q-3 A ball collides elastically with another ball of the same mass. The collision is oblique and initially one of
the body was at rest. After the collision, the two balls move with same speeds. What will be the angle
between the initial and final velocities of the colliding ball
(A) 30º (B) 45º (C) 60º (D) 90º

Q-4 A billiard ball moving at a speed 2m / s strikes an identical ball initially at rest, at a glancing blow..
After the collision one ball is found to be moving at a speed of 1m / s at 60o with the original line of
motion. The velocity of the other ball shall be
(A) (3)1/ 2 m / s at 30o to the original direction (B) 1m / s at 60o to the original direction
1/ 2
(C) (3) m / s at 60o to the original direction (D) 1m / s at 30o to the original direction

Q-5 A particle of mass m collides perfectly elastically with another particle of mass M  2m . If the
incident particle deflected by 90o . The heavy mass will make an angle with the initial direction of m
equal to
(A) 15º (B) 30º (C) 45º (D) 60º
 
Q-6 Two particles having position vectors r1  (3iˆ  5ˆj) metres r2  (5iˆ  3ˆj) metres es are moving with
 
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
velocities v 1  (4i  3 j) m/s and v 2  ( i  7 j)m/s . If they collide after 2 seconds, the value of ‘’ is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 1
 
Q-7 Two particles of masses m1 and m2 in projectile motion have velocities v1 and v 2 respectively at
 
time t = 0. They collide at time t0. Their velocities become v ' and v ' at time 2t0 while still moving
   
1 2
in air. The value of |(m v '  m v' )  (m v  m v )| is
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
1
(A) Zero (B) [m1  m 2 ]gt 0 (C) 2(m1  m 2 )gt 0 (D) (m1  m 2 )gt 0
2

Q-8 A moving neutron is deflected by an angle of 45o after colliding with a stationary proton (assuming the
masses of both particles equal). Then it again collides with another stationary proton and so on. In this
way the particle is deflected through an angle 45o in each collision. When its energy becomes 10–6 times
the initial energy, the approximate number of collision must have been
(A) 20 (B) 40 (C) 80 (D) 100

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 16
Q-9 A running man has half the kinetic energy that a boy of half his mass has. The man speeds up
by 1.0 meter/sec and then has the same kinetic energy as the boy. What were the original speeds
of man and boy ?
(A) 2.4 m/sec, 4.8m/sec (B) 4.8m/sec, 2.4m/sec
(C) 4.2 m/sec, 8.4m/sec (D) 8.4m/sec, 4.2m/sec

Q-10 A block of mass 2kg slipped up a slant plane requires 300J of work. If height of slant is 10m the
work done against friction is -
(A) 100J (B) 200J (C) 300J (D) zero

Q-11 A chain of mass m and length l is placed on a table with one-sixth of it hanging freely from the
table edge. The amount of work. done to pull the chain on the table is
(A) mgl/4 (B) mgl/6 (C) mgl/72 (D) mgl/36

Q-12 The force required to row a boat over the sea is proportional to the speed of the boat. It is found
that it takes 24 h.p. to row a certain boat at a speed of 8km/hr, the horse power required when
speed is doubled -
(A) 12 h.p. (B) 6 h.p. (C) 48 h.p. (D) 96h.p.

Q-13 A 50 kg girl is swinging on a swing from rest. Then the power delivered when moving with a
velocity of 2m/sec upwards in a direction making an angle 60º with the vertical is
(A) 980W (B) 490W (C) 490 3 W (D) 245W

Q-14 A man cycles up a hill rising 1 metre vertically for every 50 metres along the slope. Find the power
of the man, if he cycles up at the rate of 3.6 km/hr. The weight of the cycle and man is equal to
120kg. Neglect force of friction.
(A) 32.25 watt (B) 23.52 watt (C) 25.32 watt (D) 52.32 watt

Q-15 From a waterfall, water is pouring down at the rate of 100kg per second on the blades of turbine.
If the height of the fall is 100m, the power delivered to the turbine is approximately equal to
(A) 100 kW (B) 10kW (C) 1 kW (D) 100W

Q-16 Under the action of a force a 2kg mass moves such that its position x as a function of time is given by
x = t3/3 where x is in metres and t in seconds. The work done by the force in first two seconds is
(A) 1600 joules (B) 160joules (C) 16joules (D) 1.6 joules

Q-17 A locomotive of mass m starts moving so that its velocity varies according to the law
v = k s where k is constant and s is the distance covered. Find the total work performed by all
the forces which are acting on the locomotive during the first t seconds after the beginning of
motion.
1 1 2 42 1 1
(A) W = mk4 t2 . (B) W = m k t (C) W = mk4t4 (D) W = mk4t4
8 4 4 8

Q-18 A 242 × 104kg freight car moving along a horizontal rail road spur track at 7.2 km/hour strikes
a bumper whose coil springs experiences a maximum compression of 30 cm in stopping the car.
The elastic potential energy of the springs at the instant when they are compressed 15 cm is
(A) 12.1 × 104 joules (B) 121 × 104 joules
(C) 1.21 × 104 joules (D) 1.21 × 106 joules

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 17 CENTRE OF MASS
Q-19 A spring is held compressed. Its stored energy is 2.4 joule. Its ends are in contact with masses of
1gm and 48gm placed on a smooth horizontal surface. When the spring is released, the mass of
48gm will acquire a velocity of-
2.40 24  49 10 10 4
(A) m/s (B) m/s (C) m/s (D) m/s
149 48 7 7

Q-20 A block of mass m slips down an inclined plane as shown in the figure. When it reaches the bottom
it presses the spring by a length (spring length <<h and spring constant = K)-
m

s
h
K


(A) (2mgh/K)1/2 (B) (mgh/K)1/2 (C) (2gh/mK)1/2 (D) (gh/mK)1/2


Q-21 A particle moves in the x - y plane under the action of a force F such that the value of its linear
momentum P at any time t is
Px = 2 cos t, Py = 2 sin t
 
the angle '' between F and P at any given time t will be -
(A) 90º (B) 0° (C) 180º (D) 30º

Q-22 A spring is compressed between two toy-carts of masses m 1 and m2 , When the toy-carts are
released the spring exerts on each toy-cart equal and opposite force for the same time t. If the
coefficient of friction '' between the ground and the toy-carts are equal, then the displacement of
the two toy carts
2 2
S m S1 m S1  m2  S m 
(A) 1 =+ 2 (B) =+ 1 (C) =+  (D) 1 =+  1 
S2 m1 S2 m2 S2  m1  S2  m2 
Q-23 Sand drops fall vertically at the rate of 2kg/sec on to a conveyor belt moving horizontally with the
velocity of 0.2 m/sec. Then the extra force needed to keep the belt moving is
(A) 0.4 Newton (B) 0.08 Newton (C) 0.04 Newton (D) 0.2 Newton

Q-24 An engine pumps a liquid of density 'd' continuously through a pipe of area of cross section A.
If the speed with which the liquid passes through a pipe is v. then the rate at which the Kinetic
energy is being imparted to the liquid is
(A) Adv3 /2 (B) (1/2)Adv (C) Adv2 /2 (D) Adv2

Q-25 A boy is standing at the centre of a boat which is free to move on water. If the masses of the boy
and the boat are m1 and m2 respectively and the boy moves a distance of 1 m forward then the
movement of the boat is ...... metres

m1 m2 m1 m2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
m1  m 2 m1  m 2 m2 m1

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 18
Q-26 A bullet of mass m moving with velocity v 1 strikes a suspended wooden block of mass M as shown
in the figure and sticks to it. If the block rises to a height y, the initial velocity of the bullet is -
mM
(A) v1 = 2gy
m
(B) v1= 2gy
Mm
(C) v1 = 2gy
M
m
(D) v1 = 2gy
mM

Q-27 A bullet of mass m strikes a pendulum bob of mass M with velocity u. It passes through and
emerges out with a velocity u/2 from bob. The length of the pendulum is l. What should be the
minimum value of u if the pendulum bob will swing through a complete circle?
2M M 2M 1 M 1
(A) × 5g (B) 5g (C) × (D) ×
m 2m m 5g 2m 5g

Q-28 An open water tight railway wagon of mass 5 × 10 3 kg coasts at an initial velocity of
1.2 m/sec. without friction on a railway track. Rain falls vertically downwards into the wagon.
What change then occurred in the kinetic energy of the wagon, when it has collected 10 3kg of
water ?
(A) 1200J (B) 300J (C) 600J (D) 900J

Q-29 A ball moving on a horizontal frictionless plane hits an identical ball at rest with a velocity of 50cm/
sec. If the collision is elastic, calculate the speed imparted to the target ball if the speed of the
striking ball after the collision is 30cm/sec.
(A) 20 cm/sec (B) 30 cm/sec (C) 40 cm/sec (D) 50 cm/sec

Q-30 A ball is dropped from a height h on the ground. If the coefficient of restitution is e, the height to
which the ball goes up after it rebounds for the nth time is.

e 2n h
(A) he2n (B) h e n (C) (D)
h e2n
Q-31 A ball after falling a distance of 5 metre from rest hits elastically the floor of a lift and rebounds.
At the time of impact the lift was moving up with a velocity of 1m/sec. The velocity with which
the ball rebounds just after impact is
(g = 10m/sec2 )
(A) 10 m/sec. (B) 11m/sec. (C) 12 m/sec (D) 13 m/sec.

Q-32 Two equal lumps of putty are suspended side by side from two long strings so that they are just
touching. One is drawn aside so that its centre of gravity rises a vertical distance h. It is released
and then collides inelastically with the other one. The vertical distance risen by the centre of gravity
of the combination is -
(A) h. (B) 3h/4 (C) h/2 (D) h/4

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 19 CENTRE OF MASS

Q-33 A particle of mass m collides perfectly elastically with another particle of mass M = 2m. If the
incident particle is deflected by 90º. The heavy mass will make an angle with the initial direction
of m equal to -
(A) 15º (B) 30º (C) 45º (D) 60º

Q-34 A ball collides elastically with another ball of the same mass. The collision is oblique and initially
one of the ball was at rest. After the collision, the two balls move with same speeds. What will be
the angle between the velocity of the balls after the collision?
(A) 30º (B) 45º (C) 60º (D) 90º

Q-35 A billiard ball moving at a speed 2m/s strikes an identical ball initially at rest, at a glancing blow.
After the collision one ball is found to be moving at a speed of 1m/s at 60º with the original line
of motion. The velocity of the other ball shall be -
(A) (3)1/2m/s at 30º to the original direction.
(B) 1m/s at 60º to the original direction.
(C) (3)1/2m/s at 60º to the original direction.
(D) 1 m/s at 30º to the original direction.

Q-36 An explosion blows a rock into three paths. Two pieces go off at right angles. to each other. 1.00kg
piece with a velocity 12m/sec and the other 2.00 kg piece with a velocity 8m/sec. If the third piece
flies off with a velocity 40m/sec. Then the mass of the third piece is -
(A) 0.2kg (B) 0.3 kg (C) 0.4 kg (D) 0.5 kg m

Q-37 A proton of mass 1.67 × 10–27 kg undergoes a head on collision with an -particle initially at rest.
After the collision, the -particle moves with a speed of 8 × 105 m/sec. Calculate the velocity of
the proton before and after the collision. Given mass of -particle = 6.68 x 10–27kg
(A) 2 × 103m/sec, –1.2 × 103 m/sec (B) 2 × 104m/sec, –1.2 × 104 m/sec
(C) 2 × 105m/sec, –1.2 × 105 m/sec (D) 2 × 106m/sec, –1.2 × 106 m/sec

Q-38 A stationary body of mass m gets exploded in 3 parts having mass in the ratio of 1 : 3 : 3. Its two
fractions having equal mass moving at right angle to each other with velocity of 15 m/sec. Then
the velocity of the third body is -
(A) 45 b2g m/sec (B) 5m/sec (C) 5 b32g m/sec (D) none of these

Q-39 Three particles each of mass m are located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC. They start
moving with equal speeds  each along the medians of the triangle and collide at its centroid G.
If after collision, A comes to rest and B retraces its path along GB, then C
(A) also comes to rest (B) moves with a speed  along CG
(C) moves with a speed  along BG (D) moves with a speed along AG

Q-40 A cannon ball is fired with a velocity 200m/sec at an angle of 60º with the horizontal. At the highest
point of its flight. It explodes into 3 equal fragments, one going vertically upwards with a velocity
100m/sec, the second one falling vertically downwards with a velocity 100 m/sec. The third fragment
will be moving with a velocity
(A) 100 m/sec in the horizontal direction (B) 300m/sec in the horizontal direction
(C) 300 m/sec in a direction making an angle of 60º with the horizontal
(D) 200 m/sec in a direction making an angle of 60º with the horizontal

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 20
Q-41 A shell lying in a smooth horizontal tube suddenly explodes and breaks of masses m 1 and m2. If
x is the distance of separation in the tube of the masses after time t seconds. Then energy released
by explosion is -

2m1 m 2 . x 2 m1 m 2 t 2 m1 m 2 x 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
(m1  m 2 )t 2 2x 2 (m1  m 2 ) 2(m1  m 2 )t 2

Q-42 A small ball of mass m =1 gm is placed at the bottom of a spherical glass of radius R = 1m. It
is displaced by height, h = 1 cm long the glass surface and released. What is the total distance
described by it before coming to rest at the bottom ( = 0.1 between the wall and the glass)
(A) 16 cm (B) 7 cm (C) 10 cm (D) 8 cm

Q-43 For the system shown in the fig., initially the spring is compressed by a distance ‘a’ from its natural
length and when released, it moves to a distance ‘b’ from its equillibrium position. The decrease
in amplitude for half cycle (-a to +b) is :
mg 2mg
(A) (B)
K K

g K
(C) (D)
K mg
Q-44 An object of mass m slides down a hill of height h and of arbitrary shape and stops at the bottom
because of friction. The coefficient of friction may be different for different segments of the path.
Work required to return the object to its position along the same path by a tangential force is
(A) mgh (B) 2 mgh
(C) – mgh (D) it can not be calculated
Q-45 A 5 kg block is lifted vertically through a height of 5 metre by a force of 60N. Determine (i) the work
done by applied force in lifting the block, (ii) the potential energy of the block at 5m, (iii) the kinetic
energy of the block at 5 m (iv) the velocity of the block at 5 m-
(A) 300 J, 245 J, 55J, 4.69 m/s (B) 200 J, 245 J, 50J, 4.69 m/s
(C) 150 J, 150 J, 50J, 4.69 m/s (D) 300 J, 245 J, 100J, 10.69 m/s
Q-46 A light rod of length l is pivoted at the upper end. Two masses (each m), are attached to the rod,
one at the middle and the other at the free end. What horizontal velocity must be imparted to the
lower end mass, so that the rod may just take up the horizontal position ?
(A) 6g /5
(B) g /5
(C) 12 g / 5
(D) 2g /5

Q-47 A machine, which is 72 percent efficient, uses 36 joules of energy in lifting up 1kg mass through
a certain distance. The mass is the allowed to fall through that distance. The velocity at the end
of its fall is
(A) 6.6 ms–1 (B) 7.2 ms–1 (C) 8.1 ms–1 (D) 9.2 ms–1

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 21 CENTRE OF MASS

Q-48 A body of mass m moving with velocity V makes a head-on collision with another body of mass
2m which is initially at rest. The ratio of kinetic energies of colliding body before and after collision
will be-
(A) 9 : 1 (B) 1 : 1 (C) 4 : 1 (D) 2 : 1

Q-49 A lead ball of mass 2 kg moving with a velocity of 1.5 ms -1 hits against a ball of mass 3 kg at
rest. If the second ball moves with a velocity of 1 ms -1 after the impact in the original direction
of motion of the first ball, the loss of K.E. due to impact is-
(A) 0.033 J (B) 0.75 J (C) 1.5 J (D) 2.25 J

Q-50 A billiard ball moving at a speed of 6.6 ms–1 strikes an identical stationary ball a glancing blow.
After the collision, one ball is found to be moving at a speed of 3.3, ms –1 in a direction making
an angle of 60º with the original line of motion. The velocity of the other ball is
(A) 4.4 ms–1 (B) 6.6 ms–1 (C) 3.3 ms–1 (D) 5.7 ms–1

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 22

ABHYAAS - IV
LEVEL - II
Q-1 A stream of dust particles is coming out horizontally from a pipe at a constant rate of  kg/s with uniform
velocity u. The stream strikes a trolley of mass M kept on a horizontal frictionless plane, which retains it
(coefficient of restitution of the collision being zero.). Initially the trolley is at rest and if at t = 0 the stream of dust
strikes the trolley, find the velocity and acceleration of the trolley at time t.

Q-2 A ball with mass M/2 filled with gas (whose mass is M/2) is kept on a frictionless table. A bullet of mass

m = M/4 and velocity v0 i penetrates the ball, and rests inside at t = 0. Assume that the amount of gas

emitted during the collision can be neglected. The compressed gas is emitted at a constant velocity v0/2

y
 dM  M/2+M/2
relative to the ball and at an even rate   k
 dt  gas x
v0
M/4 R
(k is a positive constant).

(a) What is the velocity of the ball after the collision with the bullet ?

(b) Find the velocity of the ball v(t) as a function of time.

Assume that the emission of gas starts at t = 0. What is the final velocity of the ball ?

Q-3 A wedge of mass M = 9 kg is situated on a smooth horizontal plane. At t = 0 a shell of mass 4 kg is

projected with velocity 103 ms1 from the point A situated at ground near foot of the wedge, at an angle

60 0 with horizontal (figure). At t = 1.5 sec the shell collide inelastically with the inclined surface of the

wedge and slides up along the plane. Find the velocity of the wedge just after collision.
B

u
M
60º
30º
A C
Q-4 A ball moving with a speed of 9 m/s strikes an identical stationary ball such that after the collision the

direction of each ball makes angle of 30 with the original line of motion. Find the speeds of the two balls

after the collision. Is kinetic energy conserved in this collision process?

Q-5 A ball of mass m hits a wedge vertically with speed v0, which is placed, on a smooth horizontal surface. Find
the maximum compression in the spring, if the collision is perfectly elastic and no friction any where.
m
v0

M .
45º

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 23 CENTRE OF MASS

Q-6 A small particle traveling with a velocity v collides elastically with a spherical v
m
body of equal mass and of radius R initially kept at rest. The center of this d R
m
spherical body is located a distance d(=R/2)away from the direction of

motion of the particle. Find the final velocities of particle and body.

Q-7 A wedge of mass M and inclination  is lying on a frictionless horizontal surface. A ball of mass m moving
horizontally with velocity u strikes the wedge as shown in the figure. It coefficient of restitution is e. determine
the velocity of the wedge after the collision. m
u

M


Q-8 A particle of mass m moving with a velocity (3 i  2j )m/s collides with a stationary body of mass M and

m 1
finally moves with a velocity (- 2i  j ) m/s, if  find
nd
M 13

(a) the velocity of the mass M (b) the impulse received by each

(c) the coefficient of restitution.

Q-9 A freight car is moving on smooth horizontal track without any external force. Rain is falling at the rate of

u m/s at an angle  with the horizontal. Rain drop are collected in the car at the rate of  kg/s. If initial

mass and velocity of the car are m0 and v 0 respectively, find the time after which it becomes stationary.

u

v0

Q-10 A mass of 2.9 kg is suspended from a string of length 50 cm and is at rest. Another body of mass 100 gm,
which is moving horizontally with a velocity of 150 m/s strikes and sticks to it.

(i) What is the tension in the string when it makes an angle of 60 with the vertical?

(ii) Will it complete a vertical circle?

Q-11 A bullet of mass M is fired with a velocity 50 m/s at an angle ‘’ with the horizontal. At the highest point of
its trajectory, it collides head on with a bob of mass 3M suspended by a massless rod of length 10/3 m and
gets embedded in the bob. After the collision the rod move s through an angle of 120 0 . Find,

(a) the angle ‘’

(b) The vertical and horizontal coordinates of the initial position of the bob with respect to the point of firing
of the bullet. [g = 10 m/s2 ]

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 24
Q-12 An inextensible string is passing over a light frictionless pulley. On end of string is connected to a block of

mass 4m which is resting on a horizontal surface. To another end a plate of mass m is attached and is

hanging in the air. A particle of mass m strikes from above with vertical velocity v0 and sticks to the plate.

Calculate maximum height attained by block of mass 4m.

m
v0
m

4m

Q-13 A wedge of mass m and triangle cross-section (AB = BC = CA = 2R) is moving with a constant velocity -vi
towards a sphere of radius R fixed on a smooth horizontal table as shown in figure. The wedge makes an
elastic collision with the fixed sphere and returns along the same path without any rotation. Neglect all
friction and suppose that the wedge remains in contact with the sphere for a very short time. t, during
which the sphere exerts a constant force F on the wedge. z A
y R
(a) Find the force F and also the normal force N exerted v
by the table on the wedge during the time t.
x
(b) Let h denote the perpendicular distance between the B C

center of mass of the wedge and the line of force F.

Find the magnitude of the torque due to the normal force N about the centre of the wedge, during the
internal t.
Q-14 Consider a very thin, uniform chain of length L and mass M, which falls onto a table from an initial state
in which the bottom edge of the chain is at height d above the table. Calculate the force applied on the
table
(a) as a function of time, L

(b) when the whole chain has fallen onto the table.
(c) Calculate for the previous case if d = L. d

Q-15 A block with large mass M slides with speed V0 on a frictionless table towards a wall. It collides elastically
with a ball with small mass m, which is initially at rest at a distance L from the wall. The ball slides towards
the wall, bounces elastically, and then proceeds to bounce back and forth
between the block and the wall. How close does the block come to the wall ?
v0
m
M
L

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 25 CENTRE OF MASS

Q-16 A mass M collides elastically with a stationary mass m, If M < m, then it is possible for M to bounce directly
backwards. however, if M > m, then there is a maximum angle of deflection of M. Find this angle.

Q-17 A tank-car of mass M is at rest on a road. At t = 0, a force F starts acting on the tank-car and also the
rain fall starts, in vertical direction, as shown in figure. The rain is falling with a velocity  r with respect
to earth and the rate of collection of water in the tank is r kg/s. Find the velocity of the tank-car as a
function of time t.

Q-18 A cart loaded with sand moves along a horizontal floor due to a constant force F coinciding in
direction with the cart's velocity vector. In the process sand spills through a hole in the bottom
with a constant rate kg s . Find the acceleration and velocity of the cart at the moment t, if at the
initial moment t = 0 the cart with loaded sand had the mass m0 and its velocity was equal to zero.
Friction is to be neglected.

Q-19 A plate of mass M is moved with constant velocity  against dust particles moving with velocity u in
opposite direction as shown. The density of the dust is  and plate area is A. Find the force F required
to keep the plate moving uniformly. (  in kg /m3)


F
u
Pl ate dus t parti c l e
(M)

Q-20 A mass m1 is connected by a weightless cable passing over a frictionless pulley to a container of
water, whose mass is m0 at t= 0. If the container ejects water in downward direction at a constant
rate b kg/s. With a velocity  0 relative to the container, determine the acceleration of m1 as a function
of time.

m1

Q-21 A rocket with initial mass M is launched by emitting, gas with velocity vo (relative to the rocket body)
downwards. The mass of the gas emitted per second is k. (k is constant and obeys k 0  Mg ).
Find time when rocket start to lift.

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 26
Q-22 A double stage rocket has an initial mass Mi. Gas is exhausted from the rocket at a constant rate of
dm/dt and with an exhaust velocity u relative to the rocket. When the mass of the rocket reaches the
value  , the first stage of mass m of which fuel is exhausted is disengaged from the rocket and then the
rocket continues to the second stage at the same rate and exhaust velocity as in the first stage, until it
reaches a Mass Mf.
(a) Calculate the rocket velocity at the end of the first stage, given that it is started at rest.
(b) Calculate the rocket velocity at the end of the second stage.
(c) What is the final velocity of a one stage rocket of the same initial Mi mass and the same amount of
fuel ? Is it greater or less than final velocity of the double stage rocket ?

Q-23 A particle of mass M is initially at rest starts moving under the action of a constant force Fiˆ . It encounters
the resistance of a stream of fine dust moving with velocity  0 î, which deposits matter on it at a constant
rate  , show that its mass will be m when it has travelled a distance -

Q-24 A balloon having mass 'm' is filled with gas and is held in hands of a boy. Then suddenly it get released
and gas starts coming out of it with a constant rate. The velocities of the ejected gases is also
constant 2m/s with respect to the balloon. Find out the velocity of the balloon when the mass of gas
is reduced to half.

Q-25 (vi) A railroad car of length L and mass m0 when empty is moving freely on a horizontal track while
being loaded with sand from a stationary chute at a rate dm/dt = q. Knowing that the car was approaching
the chute a speed  0 , determine

(a) The mass of the car and its load after the car has cleared the chute.
(b) The speed of the car at that time.

Q-26 Let there be a tank-car filled with water, shown in figure. The initial mass of the car with water is M.
At t= 0, hole is made in the left wall of the car and water start spilling out from the car, with a
constant velocity u with respect to the car. The rate of ejection of water is r kg/s. Find the velocity of
the car as a function of time.

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 27 CENTRE OF MASS

ANSWERS
LEVEL - I
Q-1 (B) Q-2 (D) Q-3 (B) Q-4 (A) Q-5 (B) Q-6 (C) Q-7 (C)

Q-8 (A) Q-1 (A) Q-10 (A) Q-11 (C) Q-12 (D) Q-13 (B) Q-14 (B)

Q-15 (A) Q-16 (C) Q-17 (A) Q-18 (B, D) Q-19 (C) Q-20 (A) Q-21 (A)

Q-22 (C) Q-23 (A) Q-24 (A) Q-25 (A) Q-26 (A) Q-27 (A) Q-28 (C)

Q-29 (C) Q-30 (A) Q-31 (C) Q-32 (D) Q-33 (B) Q-34 (D) Q-35 (A)

Q-36 (D) Q-37 (D) Q-38 (A) Q-39 (C) Q-40 (B) Q-41 (C) Q-42 (C)

Q-43 (B) Q-44 (B) Q-45 (A) Q-46 (C) Q-47 (B) Q-48 (A) Q-49 (B)

Q-50 (D)

LEVEL - II

vt Mu
Q-1 v , a  M  t 2
M  t  
v0    1 1  m  M  
Q-2 (a) i (b) v  t   v 0   n    i , vfinal = 0.455 v0
5  5 2  m  M – kt  

3
Q-3 ms –1
2
9
Q-4 m/s for each ball, No
3

M mv 0
Q-5
K mM

Q-6 vparticle = v/2 (along common tangent)

3
vspherical body = v (along common normal)
2
mu sin 2  1  e 
Q-7
M  m sin 2 
.5  j 11
Q-8 (a) i (b) impulse on ball = m –5i – j , impulse on wedge = m 5i  j
    (c)
13 13 7
m0 v0
Q-9
u cos 

Q-10 (i)  142N (ii) No

Q-11 (a )37º (b) (120m, 45m)

v 02
Q-12
12g

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS
 IIT JEE / PHYSICS 28

 2mv  4mv
Q-13 (a) F i – 2mv k , N   2mv i  Mg  k (b) h
t
  3 t
3 t  3 t 

M 2  1   2d 
Q-14 (a) F(t) 
L 
 2gd  gt   g  t 2gd  gt 2  
 2 
(b) Mg  3 
 L 
 (c) 5Mg

m
Q-15 L
M

m Frt
Q-16  sin  Q-17 
M Mr  r 2 t

F
Q-18 a Q-19 F  A    u 
2
m0  t

Q-20 [
 m1  m0  bt  g  b 0 ]
m1  m0  bt

M   Mi M   m Mi
Q-21 [  0 ] Q-22 [ a  1  u In ]  b   2  u In i  c   f  u In ,  2  f ]
k g   M f Mf  m

F   0   m 
Q-23 2  m  M  1  In  Q-24 [2 In  2  m s]
   M 

 qL   qL 
   
 m0  0  m0  0
Q-25 [ a  m 0e 
 b  0 e 
]

“I do not fix problems. I fix my thinking.

Then problems fix themselves.”

CHAMPIONS ACADEMY
www.championsacademy.in
CHAMPIONS