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WHAT IS LITERATURE?

WHY IS IT PLEASURABLE?

Why is it
important?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RCFLobfqcw&list=WL&index=37
LITERATURE AS A PROCESS

the the The


writer text reader
The Writer’s Universe
The supernatural
world

society

The natural world


COURSE OBJECTIVES

 Increase your knowledge of English by exposure


to some great texts with the difficult vocabulary
explained in footnotes.
 Learn the nomenclature for analysing literature.
 Learn how to analyse literature from different
perspectives.
 Learn the basics of formal analysis.
 Gain a historical perspective to Anglo culture.
 Hopefully, learn to love literature and the
analysis of texts.
HOW THIS WORKS

Essential

Supplementary
QUESTIONS FOR EVERY WORK FROM ANY PERIOD

 How are these people similar to or different from us?


 What makes for a good leader?
 What is the community’s relationship with nature?
 What is civilization?
 Who belongs to the community/in-group?
 What is women’s role in society?
 Who are the Others and how are they a threat?
 How are classes portrayed?
 Are there any boundary-blurrers?
 Who is invisible?
 What is the point of life?
 What are the community’s fundamental values?
 What is the role of the poet?
 What does it mean to be human?
IS THIS POETRY?

The crash in the banqueting-hall came to the Danes,


the men of the guard that remained in the buildings,
with the taste of death. The deepening rage
of the claimants to Heorot caused it to resound.
[767-770]
THE A-S ALLITERATIVE LINE

 Each line is divided in two, with a pause


(caesura) in the middle.
 The first half-line (hemistich /’hemistik/) is
called the on-verse.
 The second half-line is called the off-verse.

 There are two stressed syllables in each


hemistich.
THE RULES OF A-S ALLITERATION
The A-S alliterative pattern can be:
a x // a x
x a // a x
a a // a x

 but not: a a // a a

= where: a = alliterates; x = does not alliterate


KENNINGAR

a. battle-adders f. battle-sweat
b. sky-candle g. the branch’s foe
c. whale-road h. head-jewels
d. shield-play or metal-storm
e. war-onion or battle-light

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