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  • Грязнов М.П. - Первый Пазырыкский курган - 1950

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    Laurynas Kurila
    69 views114 pages
    The document summarizes the transition of nomadic steppe tribes in Central Asia to a lifestyle of nomadic pastoralism in the 7th century BCE. Key developments included: 1) Some tribes abandoned sedentary agriculture and adopted nomadic herding of livestock, migrating seasonally with their herds. 2) This allowed rapid expansion of herds and military advantages of mobility. 3) Neighboring sedentary tribes were forced to also adopt nomadism or face raids, starting one of the largest transitions in the region's history. 4) The shift brought profound social and economic changes, reducing or abandoning farming for pastoralism and requiring adaptation to constant migration.

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    The document summarizes the transition of nomadic steppe tribes in Central Asia to a lifestyle of nomadic pastoralism in the 7th century BCE. Key developments included: 1) Some tribes abandoned sedentary agriculture and adopted nomadic herding of livestock, migrating seasonally with their herds. 2) This allowed rapid expansion of herds and military advantages of mobility. 3) Neighboring sedentary tribes were forced to also adopt nomadism or face raids, starting one of the largest transitions in the region's history. 4) The shift brought profound social and economic changes, reducing or abandoning farming for pastoralism and requiring adaptation to constant migration.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    69 views114 pages

    Грязнов М.П. - Первый Пазырыкский курган - 1950

    Uploaded by

    Laurynas Kurila
    The document summarizes the transition of nomadic steppe tribes in Central Asia to a lifestyle of nomadic pastoralism in the 7th century BCE. Key developments included: 1) Some tribes abandoned sedentary agriculture and adopted nomadic herding of livestock, migrating seasonally with their herds. 2) This allowed rapid expansion of herds and military advantages of mobility. 3) Neighboring sedentary tribes were forced to also adopt nomadism or face raids, starting one of the largest transitions in the region's history. 4) The shift brought profound social and economic changes, reducing or abandoning farming for pastoralism and requiring adaptation to constant migration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    rroM c Hr,rMHSHaKoMCTBe
    rpagHgHrl
    TeÀbHoM paccMorpeHHH, I,Icropu.recxu c^o}i{EBlxuecq rly^brypHble
    oCO6ennocrn o6nraeuoft I'IMI'I CTpaHbI Il Ha^I{qEe
    oT4e^bHbrx rpynn KoqeBHuKoB,
    - Bce eTo co3,4a^o HecKo^bKo pa3^[qHbIX
    coceÀefi c r.rHofi,oTÀHrrHOfi Ky^bTypofi,
    floatovry lr:y-
    BapaaHToB pa3Bnrr.ts Ky^b.fypbr Kor{eBbrxtr no^yKor{eBbrx[^eMeH.
    rlarb ucropHrc paHHrlx KoqeBHr,rKoBno naMtrHIlranI oguofi naxofi-ro rpynnbl

    6
    Bce oêTa^b-
    fl^eMeH, pacnpocTpaHnB no^yqeHl{bre TaKI,rMIIyTeM Ha6^roÂeHHt Ha
    yqHTbIBat npHHag,Àexi-
    Hbre n^eMeHa, t 14 rro [aMsTHlrKaM BCeX pafioHoB, He
    HocTbI,IxKpagHbIMrpy[naMKoqeBblxn^eMeH'HeBoSMoN(Ho'TaKKaKBnepBoM
    c^yqaeeTonpI,IBeA'eTKnpeBpaTHoMy'aBoBTopoMKcxeMaTnqecKoMy[Pe.4cTaB-
    B
    ^eHHro o npogecce HcTôpr4qecKoro pasBHTIlq paHHax KOqeBHI'IKOB' .4eftcTBa'
    BpeMff MbI elge .4a^eKll
    Te^bHocTtr c^o?r{HoM r.r MHOrOO6paSHOM.B Hac'roxrgee
    qTo6bt npeg,craBHTb ce6e no^Hylo KapTIrHy HcTopnn Ky^brypbl paHHl',lx
    or Toro,
    na-
    KOqeBHHKOBBO BCeM ee MHofoo6paSr'rn. Mbr noqrH coBeprueHHo He 3HaeM
    MTTHHKOBC TeppI,ITOpHIt TaKLIX O$111gpHblx I{ Ba?KHbIXB HCTOpI{qeCKoM OTHOIUe-

    Hvrvr pafioHoB, KaK [enrparrrHufi KaeaxcraH [r MoHro^n.s. HauII{ cBe.4eHHt


    o naMrrHnKax MHOrnx Àpyrfix paËoHoB coBeprlleHHo Her4ocraTorrHbl,oTpbIBOtIHbI.
    Hau6orree no^Ho r1syqeHa ^I{rrlb l4cropgt KoqeBblx n^eMeg cK6ipo-capMar'
    Ko'
    cKoro BpeMeHn B ceBepHoM llphqepHoMopbe, MHoroqfic^eHHbre cBe.4'eHEflo
    Topbrx HMeIOTC9B COo6tgeHLIÂxrpeqeçKËx LI pHMCKHXaBTOpOB' apxeO^Ol[qeCKI'Ie
    Ky-
    naM.ffruHKLI KorOPbIx I{CC^e.q,oBaHbIB 6o^buIoM tlnc^e no .{nenpy' {Ouy'
    6ann u HnxneË Boare. Ognano HcTopHff npnqepHoMopcKlx nÀeMeH He ffB^teTctl

    THTTHIIHbIMnpllMepoM À,^t Bcex KOr{eBbIxn^eMeu. Harrnqne B,qo^b ceBepHoro no-


    pa6oB^a'
    6epexra gepnoro Mopr aHrr{qHbrx Ko^oHHfi c nx BbrcoKo pasBHrofi
    ge^rrqeçKgË Ky^bTypgfi CogAaBa^o ogo6ble yc^oBgff A^t pa3BlrTgq KOrIeBbIxn^e-
    MeH. nyreM o2r{r.rB^e'HbrxroproBbrx cHoIneHHfi B cpe.y cKHQcKIlx H capMarcKl'tx
    qepe3 HI'IX H
    n^eMeg ruHpoKKM rroToKOM npOHHKa^H r{3 agTltqgblx Ko^oHHfi, a
    H3 MeTpono^Eft, npeg,MeTbr pocKolrrH, TKaHU, BI,IHOr.r Àpyrne LI3Ae^Ht' a TaK?lte
    a HeKoTopbre Ky^bTypHbre npK06pereHnff, npneMÀeMble B yc^oBl'ltx KoqeBoro
    6arta napnapgKllx n^eMeg. 3To sHaqI,ITe^bHo MeHfl^o BHSIIIHI'IËo6aux Ky^bTypbl
    qeru y Apy'
    npHqepHoMopcKnx Kor{eBHr4KOBr.r cnoco6crBoBa^o 6oÀee cu^bHoMy,
    îI'IX n^eMeH' COgHaÀbHO-aKOHOMnqeCKoMy paccÀoeHI'IIO'
    He gnaa uclopnn aHrr.rqHbrx KoÀoHr4ft eeeepuoro flpauepnouopb.s rr Hx

    Merpono^nft --r- ÀpeBHefi fpegr.rH u Puua, He^b3Â npaBgnbgo npegcraBgTb Ce6e


    MHou{e ocHoBHble Bonpocbr IIcTopLIn cKIrQo'CapMaTCKItx n^eMeg IIpnUepHo-
    Mopb8. floarouy ucc^e.4,oBaHHeapxeo^orHqecKr{x naMTTHHKOBH r{cTopt'tll Ky^b-
    Typbr llpoH3Bo,4,H^OCb BCe BpeMt llapa^Àe^bH0
    cKH(po.capMarcKr.rx fl^eMeH
    qTo oCHoB-
    agTutqgblx Ko^oHHfi. Ho ato rile npIIBe^o K ToMy'
    C Hcc^e.q,oBaqvrfrMy1
    Hoe BHHMaHI{g Hcc^ei4oBaTe^efi. npg nsyqeglrg cKHQo'capMaTcKI'Ix n^eMeH 6bl^o
    HanpaB^eHO Ha BbIffCHeHUeCBfl3eË lrx Ky^bTypbr n 6gTopvrn c aHTI'It{HblMlIKoÂo'
    - BO3HI'IKHOBeHIIe'C^O?KeHne
    H:aÂvryrt a BOnpoCbI I{x Co6CTBeHHOfi IlCTgplIH
    -
    H pasBHTr{e Ky^bTypbl KoITeBHHKOBKaK BHyrpeHHr,rfi caKoHoMepHblfi npoEecc
    ocTaBa^I{cb Ma^o ocBeIgeHHbIMH. To,truno coBeTcKafl apxeo^orat nocTaBll^a sTH
    Bonpocbr Bo Bcefi l,tx no^HoTe I,I HaMeTIT^a [epBble [paBH^bHbIe peIIJeHI{fl rto

    MHOIIIM I{3 HHX.


    cKI{Qo-capMaTcKl'Ix
    f,an paaperuegr,rs prg,a ocHoBHbtx BonpocoB no IrCTopI{n
    n^eMeg llpnvepuortlopbt He
    Heo6xo.q,I,IMo ro^bxo 14 He cro^bro sgaHlrre Ky^bTypbl
    I-{ HCTOPUNAHTI{TIHbIXKOAOHI,Ifi' CKOAbKO HsYIIEHHC NAMflTHI,IKOBTCX TPYflfl PAH"

    t
    t{I,rx KoqeBHLIKoB,Koropbre B MeHbrrlefr uepe ncnbrrbrBa.\H eosÀeficreqe gpeBHr{x
    glrBlt^Hsaglrfi n pasnnnarrucr 6oaee cauodurso. Hcc.regonaHue [aMqrHI,IKoB
    He rO^bKO g^fl OCBe-
    laK CKaSarb, rAy6nHUrtX pafiOHOB,HeO6XOARVO
    KOTIeBHzKOB,
    rueHfl.rl Bcefi npo6ÀeMbr o paunr.rx KoqeBHuKax B ue.\o\r. Ho lr À-{r perueHr.r.ffprrg,a
    rracrHbrx BonpocoB no Hcropr.rH cKE(po-capMarcKHx n-\eveH flpuvepHonnopr,n
    H r4pyrfix oKpalrHHbrx rpynn paHHHx KoqeBHHKoB.
    B eronr ornorrreHxu Hau6o^btrrufi xHTepec npeJcraB.\rer HsyqeHr.re naMtr-
    HHKoB AaraËcr<oro xpaa. HccaegoBauubre sg,ecb na\rrrHrrKr{ no3BoÂ.rllor npoc^e-
    À,r,rrbocHoBHbresranbl pasB?rrl{r Ky^brypbr paHHHx l(oqeBHHKoBc VII e. Ao H. e.
    no I e. H. a. flpu aroM ycraHaB^rrBaercr, qro H a.rraiicKrre nÀeMeHa He ï{H,\H
    saMKHyro, eHe csseefi c HapoÀaMH apyrofi Ky^brl'pbr, Ho Ja^eKo or HHx Haxo-
    l,flryuecfl genrpbr apeBHHx gt4Bn^H3agr.rfi He vorrn oKa3arb Ha Irx Ky^brypy
    'raKoro cfiÀbHoro B^Hflriv!f,, KaKoe, HanpnMep, oKa3brBa.\a fpegna e Cxnçrln.

    KarHx-rru6o ceqseft paHHHx KorreBHHKoBAarasc xv.rorypofi ApeBHHX rpeKoB


    nora noo6rge He yÀa^ocb orMerilTb. C Ve. Ào H. 3. na A,rrafi flpognxa]or He'
    Koropbre e^eMeHrbr Ky^brypbr axeMeHaÀcKofi fleporn. a co II B. A,o H. e. -
    KHtaâ, Ho onrr He cMor^n cyrgecrBeuuorlt o6pa:ov n3:rreHuTbe o6tgeu Bno^He
    cauo6ursrtfi npogecc Ky^brypHoro pasBHrur a.rraiicxr.rx KoqeBrIx n^eMeH.
    erge H.TeM, qTo sgeco 6orarble nofpe6eHr.rr n^eMeHHori
    Pafion Arrraq r.rHTepeceH
    sHarn 6aarogapa oco6ensocr.au Hx HaMorH.\bHb,lx coopyxeHnË oKa3a^Hcb
    saMepBIuIIMH Ir noaroMy i4aror ncK^ror{HTe^bno gerHurË H paanoo6pagHrrfi !'{ate-
    pna^, nogBoaaroqzfi c ue6rrBaaoË a apxeo,,rorlr'{ecrioËnpaKTLIKeno^Horofi Boc-
    craHoBLITb KaprHHy 2nrranrl paHHHx KoqeBHuKoB. flarrqrHrlKs paHnnx KoqeRrru'
    xos Aataa rq,alor orBer Ha MHorI{e Bonpocbr, coBeprrjeHHo He ocBergeîrHbrenaMffl'-
    HEKàMH A,pyrltx ^yqrue EsyqeHHbrx pafiouoa. Àa.rrHefiuree ncc^eÀoBaHne HX
    nosBoÀHT SHaqËTe^bHO pacuuplrTb HaIrrH npe;cTaB.\eHHr o Ky^bType paHHHX
    KoqenHHKoB noo6rge.
    Xotr co6r,rpaHfle apxeo^oruqecKnx Ko^^eKgHË Ha A^Tae HaqaÂocb noi]Trl
    .4Ba C nOÀOBLIHOfiBeKa TOMy Ha3a4, r{ nepBbre à{e HaxoAKH nosHaKOMI{^H HaC
    c 3aMeqareÀbnbrMn naMtrnnKaMn npogBeraauefi :.1,ecn 3a ÂBe c ^HruHHM Tbl-
    ctqn ^er g,o Hac paonnroË ceoeo6paaHofi ry.rtryplr parrunx KoqetsHHKoB,rro
    cr.rcreMarEqecKoe uccÂe.q,oBaHueKpat, .q,aBrxeeo6naugnrfi naytruo-noanogeHuurir
    apxeo^ornqecKnfi MarepHa^, tB^qeTca sacrryrofi ^Hurb coBeTcxofi HaynH.
    flepnue apxeo^ornqecKae Haxog,KflHa A^rae ornocqrcr K Haqa^y XVIII s,
    flocae 17 13 r. pyccKr{e .4Bnuy^lrcb ns To[4cra u 9ayccroro ocrpora (r. Koaur-
    nanr) e crenb H s 17 17 r. oB^a.q,e^fiero.4,o p. Hprurua Ha sanage n Aaraficxr,rx
    rop Ha rcre. flp" sToM npoÀBr,t?rfeHnn oHH HarKHyÀËcb r.q,e-To, noBr.rAr.rMoMy,
    sAaeficxofi crena y noÀ,Holr(bffAaraficxux rop (s 20 glnx flyrr.iorr.Toucxa),
    Ha 6orarbre Kyprarrbr, B Koropbrx Haur^H 6oarruoe Ko^r{qecrBo pa3ÀEr{Hbrx go^o-
    TbIx yKpauenHfr, Vpaarcxufi 3aBo.4.rux f,euaÂoB no,ryt{n^ qacTb sTHx nergefi
    H no.4uec ux p 17 16 r. flerpy flepnouy, cpasy à(e ogerrr.rBueMyHx KaK Myser'r-
    Hyro pegKoc'l'b ?r gaBueMy HaKas o cKynne no4o6uux nergefi &^r ero KyHcr-

    I
    KaMepbr. B caegyrcrgeM roi4y ca6upcnnfi ry6epnarop, nn. M. II. farapnn, npn-
    crra,r flerpy erge À,Benaprun nogo6uux nergeË. Tar cocrasil^acb nepBafl s Poc-
    cI,Iu apxeo^ofr,rqecKat Ko^^eKgHr, HbrHe roprq,ocro Spuntaï{a, u3BecTHafl uo,4
    HaBBaHHeMCa6apcroft Ko^^eKgIrE flerpa flepnoro, npe.q,craB^slolgas co6ofi oAHo
    [î3 caMbrx ÀyrrII]Hx co6pannfi no HcKyccrBy paHHI{x KoqeBHHKoBCu6npw,3
    Cnycrx cro ^er nocÀe4oBaÀo Apyroe suaqrrre^bHoe nono^Heulle MygeeB
    naMrrHuKaMH pauHnx KoqeBHuKoB Aa'ras, flpocaergennblfi g,etre^b A,,ttaficroro
    nopHoro oKpyra, Ko^^eKguonep-^Io6nre^r fl. K. CDpo.,toe, B Haqa^e XIX e.
    co6çaa 6oaoruoe Ko^HqecrBo paanoo6pasubrx gpeBHocrefi, uponcxoÀ,flIgttx upe-
    uMyrgecrBeHHo r,r3 xilrgHïqecKHx pacKonoK B ropHosaBo4cnnx pafioHax 3anaA-
    Horo H ceBepo-sana4Horo Aaras. 3geco 6uau 6poneoBbre, r4epeBtHHbreH Kocr.fl.
    Hbre qacrn c6pyËHux npnHag,^exuocTefi, npegMerbr yKparuenr4q, opyrKne, opy-
    t{epea nocpe.4,crBo f. 14. CnaccKoro noqru Bce arc)
    !\yrt pr gpyrue npe,4Merbr.
    co6panue nocrynil^o B Myseu Mocnerr u llerep6ypra. t{acro Belgefr, se6oau.

    urat no Ko^rrqecrBy, no, noxaayfi,Àyquat no nog6opy xyÀo?KecrBeHHollcno,\-


    I ocraarurre n l4cropaqecKoM
    HeHHbrx eeqefi, xpaHurcfl renepb e Spl.rnraxe,
    My3ee B Mocxee, B cocraBe co6panufi M. n. floro4uHa u A. C. Vnapoea, n,,'''.,'
    prrre nplro6pe^H Hx y cnaccroro.
    B 60-x roÀax npolu^oro cro^erHfl B pa3Hbrx pafioHax Arrrar npoH3Be^
    odurupuole pacKonKn B. B. Pagaoe. 3Haqnte^bnaq uacrr go6orrbrx flM Ma'l'e-
    pr4a^oB I,Is-sa HeygoB^erBopnreanHofi ÀoKyMeHTagnI,I pacKonon coBepIIreHHo
    o6ecgeHeua, Ho gan6oaee .q,^t HayKlI coxpanelrbl. OIt
    r.rnTepecnbre ero Haxorq,Kr.r
    pacKona^ gBa 6o^bilJr.rx KaMeHHbIx KypraHa, no.4, Hacblnbrc KoTopbrx ger4ar 6rtaa
    3aMepsluefi n noroMy B Morn^ax coxpaHr,rÀHcb MHOrne raKr{e BeIgH, or Koropblx
    B o6rrqnolx yc^oBrrrx He ocraercff u c^ega. 3ro 6rrar 6orarue Morl{^bl npeA-
    craBuTe^efi naeMeHHofi sHarlI KoqeBHHKoB oKo^o Haqa^a H. s. B oguofi I{3 Hfix,
    na p. Fepeaa (loro-aana,q,Horfi Arrrafi), san6oaee HHTepecHo MHoï{ecrBo Aepe-
    BsHHbrx n 6epecrrHnrx yKpaIxeHHîa rsr c6pyn 16 eepxonux rouefi, norpe6ennblx
    c yMeprxnM. florpe6eune qe^oBeKa e atofi MoFH^e 6orao no.rTn Harrucîo orpa6-
    ^eHo. B gpyroN.r Kyprane, 6aus c. KaraHga (geurpaarnufi Aarafi) raKï(e
    orpa6aeuuoM, coxpaHnÀHcb geÀbre MexoBbre ogelilAbr I,r pas^Hrrubre 4epeBtnuble
    xy.4olKecTBeHHbren3{q,e^un. fiononaHo noÂpo6Hbre Ha6^rog,eHPrt np]| pacKonKax
    Fepearrcnoro n Karaug,llucKoro KypraHoB r,r [peKpacHa.fl Ko^^engr,rq Haû,4eHnbrx
    B HHX r'rcK^roqr.rre^bHo xopouo coxpaHuBrut{xct r{3/le^ufi ns gepena, 6epecTr)Ir
    Mexa rT rxanefi r4a^H BogMoàtHocrb BnepBbre npegcraBr{Tb r{aprnuy ?KfisHH part-
    ;
    I r H x K o r r e B H u x o eA a t a r .
    HanoHeg,s 1911 r. A. B. A4pnaroe pacrona^cepr.rK, Kypranonsânag-
    rroro Aataa (MafienrHpcKarcrenb v nol, CorrosequunrEearou), g,aBlxr.lx
    Ma-
    paSB?rTr{t Ky^bTypbr parlH[x
    Tepl,ra^ 4^t xapaKTepHcTnKH Ha,Jar\bHoù cTa/..l'1tur
    KoqeBHr,lKoRAa'rat. Û
    Ecaz n flepeqfic^eHHolry 4odasHrb HecKo^bKo c^yrrafiHblx He3r{aqHTe^bHbtJt
    pacKr]noK 't rraxoÀoK, c4e^aHr]brx pasHbrMr{ J\ugaMH B Teqetrrre flponr^oro Id B ]ra-

    #
    qa^e HbIHeIuHeto cTo^eTlrlr, HeKoTopbre cBeA,eHH.flo pe3y^bTaTax xrtrgHr4r{ecKnx
    pacKo[oK <<6yrpoetguroe>>, coo6rgenurte yt{eubIMH flyreurecrBeHHr.IKaMI,r
    f. @. Muaaepola (1733-1744 rr.), CD. 14. CrpaaeH6eprorvr(1730 r) u
    fL G. Ilaaaacou ( 1770 r.) a, Haxoneg, npao6pereHnyro l. CD. MraaaepoM He-
    6o,,rmryrc cepurc orÀe^bHbrx eergefi,- 3ro 6yÀer sce, qro Aa^a .q,opeBo^rog?rou-
    Hafl rrayKarro osHaKoM^enaloc naMsrHriKaMHpaHHHXKoqeBHHKoB Ha A^Tae.
    Lllupoxo pasBepny^Hcb apxeo^orr4qecKneBcc^eÀoBanr.rsua Aarae ^?rrub
    B coBercKoeBpeM.fl,Sxcue4ugun ^euuufpagcKr.rx, MocKoBcKux r Mecrnbrxrrayq-
    Hbrx yqpelrgeHnfi t,ts roi4a B roÀ ûpoIrgeou4^r4pacKonrn MHoroqrc^euHbrxna-
    MffTHIIKoBpagHblx ânox B ropnbrx, crenHbrx H ^ecHbrx paiionax Aataficnoro
    Kpa.fl, B ToM quc^e u 6o,,rrruoro KoÀqqecrBa naMtrHHKoB BpeMeHHpaHHHX KotIeB-
    HHKOB.
    Hsyveuue rroc^eAHnx nogBo^lrÀo He ro.\bKo no.\yr]HTb o6rlee npeÀcraB-
    ÀeHHe o Ky^brype paHHHx KoqeBHHKoBAaras, Ho n pa3Àe^rrrb rlx naMgrHrrr(ii
    I{a rplr xpoHo^orprqecKue rpynnbi H [pocÀeÀHTb, TaKH]r o6pasov, nocreneHnoe
    pasBI4TIaeKy^bTypbr cooTBeTcTBeHHOTpeM nOC.\eJOBaTe^bHbrM gTanaM - rr,rafi-
    eMlrpcroMy ( V I I - V I B B . g o H . e . ) , n a s b r p b r K c K o r r v( \ , ' - l l l BB. Ao n. a.) n
    mu6nucxorrry (ll e. ao H. e. - I e. H. a.) -y KoqeBbrx rpynr Hace^euLr.flB ro-
    pax H [pe4ropHbrx creflrx H coorBercreeHuo 6o.rouepeqeucKoMy, 6uËcnoruy n
    6epeaoncxouy y oce4rrofi qacrn Hace.\euufl B paËoHe cocuoBbrx 6opoe no 6eperau
    pex 06r.r u Euu.
    Haqarrscr arr.r Hcc^eg,oeaHna
    padoravrr a-rrarïcxoi-rarcneÀagar.rfocygap-
    crBeuuoro Myse.a erHorpaeuu (6oreu:. 3ruorpaçuvecrufi or4e,t focygapcreeu-
    aoro Pyccxoro Myeex) B cocraBe C. l'1. Pv:eHKo- opranr.rsaropaH pyKoBo-
    &ure^fl aKcnea,ngsH,
    A. H. fayxoaa, aBropa rr JpyrHx corpygr{HKoe.3a ro4rrr
    c 1924 no 1929 eKcne.4rru'snpo'3Be.\a pacKonKr HecKo^bK'rxKyp.a'Hbrx Mo-
    |H^bHHKOB naSbIpbIKCKOnOn Urn6nHcKoro STanoB H ucc^er4oBa^a oceÀÀbre noce-
    l.e*vs. BpeMeHHpaHHHX KoqeB.HrrKoB
    no 6eperau O6u r.r 5su. Han6oanuuË us.
    Tepec trpeÂ,craB^ÂrorpacKonKr.r 6orrru:oro KaveHHoro Kypraua e LLIa6e
    (M. n. lpxsnoe, 1927), rro KoropoMy Ha3BaH noc,re4Hzfi orarr B pasBurrr{
    Ky^brypbr paHHr'tx KoqeBHuKoB Arrrax, H raKoro xe KypraHa e flaerrprKe
    (M. n. fpasHon, 1929\, HaBBaHHeKoroporo npncBoeuo BropoMy arany. llo4
    Hacbrnbro o6oux nypraHoB orKpbrror 6orattre norpe6enu.rr n^eMeHHbrx eoxAefi,
    Haxor4,rrBulvec.rrB 3aMepsrxeM rpyHTe H nOTOr.ty npeKpacHo coxpaH[rBruHecfl vl
    gaBrrJve o6narrsrrË MarepHa^, BcecropoHHe ocBergarorgHfi xy,rnrypy paHHr.rx
    KoqeBHHKoB A.,rrag. 7
    B 1934-1937 *. o6ruupu'e pacKonKH KypraHoB naâbrpbrKcKo.o rr rrr'-
    6r'rHcroro araroB B pa3Hbrx nyHKrax ropHofo A,r'ra.fl npor.rsBe^r7 C, B. KHceaes
    n À. A. Esrrcxosa. floqr:n Bce ern KypraHbr oKasa^r.rcb norpe6eunrrvrn po4onofi
    tsHarl'r r.r Àa^r{ 6oauurofi r,r paenoo6pasHrrrii Marepaa^. Oco6enuo urrrepeceH
    KypraH e Kapanorre, B KoropoM coxpauu^ocb He rrorpeBolrer{FrbrMrpa6r.n.e,raulr
    6oraroe 2KeHcKoenorpe6eune,

    10
    B ceeepHnrxnpeÂropbtx A,ltar li B paËone Bepxnefi O6s viuoro naus'i"-
    HHKoBpacnor'al. z 1929-1934 ronax C. M' Cepreen. 3to 6urrn Kypral{bl c no-
    rpe6eunxuu ocuoBabrx c^oeB xoqesofi n oce4,rofi rpynn Hace^eult 14 og,Ho
    ropo4tuge. e
    P^g aHrepecublx naMtrHçrKoBLIcc^eÀ,oBaH A. n. Mapr<oetrnr (1915 n
    1937 rr.), A. T. Kyauegoeoi'r(1935 r.), C. C. t{epuunoBblM(1937 s 1948 rn')
    a ÀpyrHMn,
    Hanoneg, eKcneâ,uglrnSprnruraxa w klncrnryra ucropulr ruatepllaaruoft
    Ky^brypbr Axag,ervrprnHayn CCCp, npe.4rplrgllMaeMble 6oruruefi qacrl'lo
    coBMecrgo, gcc^e.4oBa^I{ KypraHbI uafiauupcnoro orana e Ycrl-Kyrorvre
    ( f . n . C o c H o e c K L I f i1, 9 3 6 . . ) t t ' r , u u 6 u H c r o r o - e . f l n o n y p e( M ' f I . l - p a e -
    so1, 1939),11 noce,teHltfl s MorIr^bHI'IKI'IB ypoqglge E,tnxuue Err6anrr s-l
    p. O6n, nprrHa4^exalg[e rpeM noc-i\e.4,oBa?e^bHblM aranaM palBurilfl Ky^brypbl
    qcegaofi qacrlt HaceÀenaa (fpa:Hos, 1946-1947 rc.) H npog,o^x{a^Ëpacnonx{l
    KypraHoBe flaanpnxe (C. 14. Py4enno, 1947-1948 n.).
    KaMeHHbIx
    Ha A,rtae naM.sTH[tKoB
    KorrnqeCteoucc^e4oBaHHblx elge HeÀocTAToqHo
    A^t
    t'oro, UIO6U C I{x noMOIUb}OItO?KHo 6u;ro pagpe111gTbBCe BCTaIOIgHe nepeÀ
    acc^eÀ,oBare^eMBonpocbr no HcropHH paHHHX KoqeBHHKoBAataa, Ho oHo y?fie
    Hacro^bxo BeÀHKo,.Iro o6uaq KaPTHHapa3Bl'rrut Ky^brypbl noc^eÀ'Hnx B ocuolJ-
    HbrX cBoux qepTax uoXet 6ttto npe4çraB^eHa, npnqeM HeKoTopble Bgnpoçbl
    uoryr 6nnr ocBetgeubl c He6rteaaofi s apxeoaorn.Iecxofi flpaKTuKe noaHorofi
    6,rarogapa IdcK^toql{re^bHo HHrepecHbIM HaxoA,KaM B KypraHax flasrrpnrna.
    Cpegn 6o.,rnuroro Ko^I4qeCTBa neeectnrll HaM renepb naM.aTHI'IKoBpanHnx Ko'
    qeBHnKoB Ha A^Tae, Aa H He To^bKo na Arrtae, Kyplagbl e flaerrporxe SaHI{-
    MaIOT COBSpIrreHHO oCO$Oe MeCTo no CBOeMy HCTOpHqeCKOMySHaqeHI'IIO'H pac-
    nolrKrr nepBoro I,r3 HLx s 1929 r. qBHÀItcb co6bITHeM B apxeo^ornu Cn6:apu,
    Heo6rtqafiHa.fi coxpaHnocrb norpe6eHI,It Bo Àbgy BnepBble flo3Bo^It^a HaM
    KaK HI,IqTo;t{HoMa^O OCTaeTCgB 3eM^e B O$bIr{HbrXyc^o"
    pea^bgo npe.q,CTaBLITb,
    BLrtX oT norpe$eggblx B Hefi npegMeToB, KaK Hr4qTOïtHo MaÀo 3Ha^n MbI' Hanpfi'
    Mep, o BepxoBoM KoHe lt qso6paanTe^bnoM HcKyccrBe paHuux KoqeBHI{KoB,noKa
    pacno^arâ^H ^HIIIb HeMHOTHMH yge^eB[II{MH OT paspytueHEf KocrsKaMH ^o[lâ'
    Àefi, yg,Ë^aMr.r, npsxiKaMn H yKparxeHr.rffMH c6pyfiurrx peMHefi. ornp6rr,re
    n flasrrprrrcxona Kyprage gecffTb rpynoB ^ollla.4,efi c ux flo^HocTblo Co-
    xpauuBmaMtrc.n y6opank noKaBa^H H3yMHTeÀbHoe$orarcrBo h pasgoo6paane

    QopM xy.4o?KecTBeHHOfoTBOpqecTBa y ocTaBHBIIrefo ax n^eMeHIt, noSBO^H^I',I'


    nopoË &o Me^b.IafiIuHX nqgpo$HocTeË, ocBeT?ITb pa3^I,ItIHbIe BOnpoCbI' ce.frgaq'
    Hbte c ùcnoÀbsoBaHlleM BepxoBoro KoHt I{ ero 3Har{eHHeMB 2I{H3HHpâHHHX KO-
    qeBHrlroB, ocBerûrb MHotITe Bonpocbl 06 OcO$eHHocTtx Ky^bTypbI paHH[Ix
    koqeBHgKoB,Kasa^ocb 6r,t, ugraK He cBqgaHgbre c KoHeM u erg Cdpyefi. BCe ato
    c,ra^o BosMolr{HbrM6aaro4apn npenpacnofi coxpaHHocrn r$J.etvir H3 HecrofiKltx
    MaTepna^oB, oT KoTopblx o$btqgo B 3eM^e He ocTaeTci u c^er4,a.Haxognn flacu-
    pbrKcKoro KypraHa AoCTaBtl^U HaM HoBbIe HCToTIHI{Ka.4j\t nOsHaHHrI Aa^eKorÛ

    lt

    t: ,
    npoluÀoro, KaKI{MH Mbr Ào CItx nop He pacnolaraÀn. oHn 3HaqHTe^bHo paciln-
    pH^u HaIIrll npeÀcTaB^eHl{'f, o Ky^bType paHHIrx KoqeBHnKoB, ocBeTHB HeKolo'
    pbre Bonpocbl Hx !nLr3HH, OCTaBaBrllI'teC,IpaHee A^ff Hac reMHbrMlt, HeyÀaan^
    TeÀbHo nogTOMy, rfro, HecMorpr Ha orcyrcrBr.re nog,po6Hofi ny6ÀHKagr4r.rpacKo-
    non [lagbrpbrKcxoro Kypraga, ero Marepna^br r,rc[o^bsoBaHbl yrfie B gectrKax
    pa6or apxeo^oroB no pasHbrM BonpocaM Hs Hcropr{lr 6aaarux rlo BpeMeHH g,peR-
    HHx n^eMeH' qTo oHH lul'tpoKo npHBÀeKaroTc.aB ucc^eAoBaHHtx LrcKyccTBoBeg,oB,
    arHorpa(poB, ^HHrBIrcroB, reorpa(poB, Mepg^oroBeÀ,oB, HIIno^oroB, Berepr.rHapoR
    n gpyrnx. K coxaaeuulo, nog,roroB^eHHoe MHoro K H3ÀaH?rrc no^Hoe onncaHfie
    MaTepHa^oB flaaorprrncxoro KypraHa co cBo.4,HbrMo6aopovr Bcex Apyfr,rx naM.flT-
    HnKOB paHHrrx KoqeBHI'IKOBna A.lrae, neqaraBueeca e 1941 r., He Mof^o no-
    flB.hrrbcg.B cBer H3-3a pa3paeEeruefics eofiHrr. Xora ara pa6ora n ucno^b3yercfl
    yà(e apxeo^oraMl{ no pyKonIlcHbIM eKseMn^tpaM' Ho oHa gocryfiHa IIoKa orPa-
    HHqeHHOMy Kpyry apxeo^oroB, flosroruy B 3a,4arry Hacrorrgefo orrepKa Bxo4trr
    rre ro^bKo o6lgee osHaKoM^eHr.re luupoKofi uayvnofi o6rgecrneHuocrr.r c oAHnM
    vI3 UHTepeCHefiIIlux naMrrHHKoB Ky^brypbr r.r ïcKyccrBa gpeBHHx nÀeMeu
    Arrtaa, HO n no Bo3MolnHocru noÀpo6Hoe ocBergeHne Bcex ocHoBHbrx eno Male-
    pna^oB' Ko'l'opoe, xort H He 3aMeHr.rr co6ofi sageprKaBurypct BbIxoÂoM B cBel
    IIo/\HyIO nyd^nKagnrc naMflTHr.rKa, Ho r4acr cnegua^r.rcrav crorree no^Hbre cBeAe-
    HH'ffo naMfTHI'lKe' qeM Te' KoTopbte HMe^flcb B Bbllrle.4luHxÀo ctlx nop KpaTKIrx
    coo6tgenuRx o HeM.'t
    <X.X.X.XX.X.XqXg:ereXrXrkLrXr%%)

    I
    pÀcKoIIKIt Kypr^aHA I{ HAXOnq,KIt
    B HEM
    '
    PacxonKlr Kypraua s LLIr.r6e, pacno^olxegHoroB coaueuuoË,xopolûo npo-
    rperaeuoË Ào^HHe,noKasaÀH,qro Mep3io'ra He pacnpocrpaHterc.s3a npeÀ,eÀbr
    xaneHnofi HacbrnHKypraHa r.r qro caMo oopasonaaueee o6yc.nos^eHoprofi na.
    cbrnbto. craao rcHo, r{To B rx'porax A,rras Mo2nHoBcrper'Tb Hairrq'e Mep3-
    Ào't'br H, c^eÀoBare^bHo,npeKpacHo coxpaHnBrrreectnorpe6eHne no.4, KarKÀbrM
    6o-,rruunaKaMeHHbrM KypragoM. f,aa garrruefiruax nccrregonauuË6o,,rrnrax ryp-
    raHos 6nra r.ra6paH4pyrofi nygKr - Kypranbr e [aarlprlne. flpn pacKonKax
    u [I-lr.r6e6oarrune rpyÀ,Hocra npeÀcraBr,r^Epa6orur B MepB^oM rrruuncro-rge6-
    HacroM rpyHTe, n ffaaupuxe lKe, rro r.rMeBuHMcscBe.4,eHHflM, rpyHr 6rra [€crtâ-
    r.ir',i.tu MolnHo 6ulao oxfiÀarn 6orree 6rraronplrsrHbre yc^oBl4fl odpaeoeauun
    MepS^oTbI' TaK KaK na3blpblKcKl'teKypraHbl Haxo.4,tTct Ha BbIcoTe B no^Topa
    paaa 6orrrrrefi, ueu ruu6raucxue,B MecrHocrH c 6oaee cypoBbrM BbrcoKoropHbrM
    K^I{MaroM.3ro z noc^ynlu^o noBo.4,oM À^r ûepeHeceHanpa6or r,rgIIIn6e s FIa-
    3brpbrK.Bur6op oxasaÀcq yÀ,aqHbrM.
    flaeuprrx ue6o,tnruascyxan aox6nna À,peBHeroÀeÀHHKoBoro npouc-
    tiolKÀeHHfl, ycrbeM cBor.rMorKpbrBarcrgaflcfl.ts.4,o^r,rHyp. .fln'vaarau (Bocroq-
    nrrfi Aarafi, e 80 xu x [O[OB or Te,regxoro o:.). 34ecr, Ha Bbrcore 1600 u
    Ha y. M.' Haxo4l{^ocb lr.grb 60rrrrugx KaMeHHbIxKypraHoB, pacno^o}KeHHbtx
    rlenovxofi no ÀaHrrr,rc [O na C. Pacxonas caurrfi 6oaruofi t,t3 HHx. 3aurrMôts-
    urufi geurpaÀbHoe noÀorr{egr{eB genoqKe. Hacunn cro npeÀ,craBasaa co6ofi
    orpoMHylo Kyqy KaMlIs' oTHocaTeÀbHoHeBblcoKyrcc noÀorI'IMHcKÀoHaMLI, ÀI4a-
    MerpoM y 47 v, surcorofi 2.2 m. Ha coopylreHr.re ee ynorpe6rreHo oKo^o
    1800 ry6. M KaMHr. Taxos coBpeMenHbrfi snl, KypraHa. fleproHauaabuo xe
    os 6ara nHbrM.Kax'noxaca^H pacronKlr, BoKpyr Morr.r^br6urr sorr\orren r4g Kpyn-
    nnrx xaruueË 6aprep srrcorofi HecKo,lbKo 6oaee 40 cu. OropoxeuHoe raKHM
    o6paronrrnpocrpaHcrgo B Br.rÀeKpyra À,r{aMerpoMe 34 u 6nrao aaea^eHo sareM

    l3

    .:æ-=:-;â
    Tab
    nAC[!r
    'éS-t"

    Psc. 1 . f l l a s H p a 3 p e 3K v p r a a a .

    KaMHeM, flo,ryur.rrrca KaMeHHbIfi xo^M Bbrcorofi oKo^o 4 v c orBecHbrMn crerr-


    KaMH IIO Kpa.ffM. cO epelr,IeneMKaMeHb pa3Ba.^Lt^câ, rracbrrrb cTa^a Hr,r?Ite,rllHpe,
    c no^orliMH cK^oHaMa-np?to6pe^a coBpeMeHHbrfiBvI (puc. 1 u ra6,,r. 1, 1).
    Morn,ta HaxoÀ,H^acbnoqrra roqHo B geHTpe Kyprana. 3to 6nr,ta 6o,rrnrax
    KBa.4paTHar rMa, pasMepaww 7.2X7.2 *. y noBepxHocrH noqBbr H HecKo^bKo
    MeHbrue Ha rq,He,r^y6HHofi e 4 M co c^olr(HbrM À,epeBtHHbrM coopy?(eHHel\r Ha
    .4He. B IorKHofi noÀoBITHerMbr Ha roHKoM cÀoe Me^Kr{x KaMHei-inoMerga^c cpy6
    H3 À,eB.ffTUBeHgOB TO^CTbrXn^ax, C 6peseHuarorM noTo^KoM. BHyrpri cpy6a
    HacrÀaH IIo^ Iz3 TaKHX zKe ro^crbrx nÀax. Sror cpy6 uanpur ApyrHM cpy6oNt,
    66rrrrur.rx pa3MepoB, c 6peBeHqarbrMtr creHaMv B oÀ,irHHaggarb BeHgoe, c 6pe-
    BeHqaTbrM?r{e noTo^KoM n npeÂcTaer\sa co6ofi saKpbrToe noMergeHHe6ea oxoH
    Lt .4,Bepefi,c 4eofiHrtuu creHaMH H noroÀKoM. flportlexyrKH MeË{.q,ycreHaMlr BHy-
    rpeuuero n Hapylr{Horo cpy6oe 6or,lu :auoaHeHbr Me^KHMHKailtHrMH. O6a cpy6a

    t4
    cÂe^aHbl Becblla 1'rgaTe^bHo fl3 r^aAKo oTecaulr{brx ll r1ÂoI'no np[flralrlrblx l,pyl'
    K Àpyry nÀax H 6peeeu, Ho Bce creHbl 6bI^It pasHblx pa3Mepots, ll cpy6 nMe^
    qe'rblpeyro^Lrnnxa, Cpy6 npocropHufi, uo
    Qoprtry I{enpaBI{Àbnoro, KocoyroÀbHofo
    truaxnfi. BuyrpeHuaa IrÀolga,q,bcro 16 KB. M, Bblcora - 1.4 tr.
    flororrox cpy6a noxpblT cBepxy roHKll:it c:roenI cte6.,refi nypuancKoro qat
    (xycrapnun Hs celaeficrga posogBeruutx), sareu B lrecKo^bno crroes 6or\ruHlvrtl
    Àr.rcraMu 6epecrrt, ontrb c^oeM cr:e6,trefi KypuÀbcKoro ..l'a* v, HaKoHeg, B He'
    cKo^bxo prÀ,oB ÀHcrBeHHI{qHofi xopofi. flepnoHaua,,rbuo oro ltroroc,tofisoe no-
    Kpbrrl{e 6urro toaIguHofi oKo^o tloiyMerpa, co BpeMeHeM }I{e ono cnpeccoBa^ocb
    !f flpeBparn^ocb crrofi ro"trlgnnofi s 7-10
    B nrorsrtfi cÀa.
    IIo 6onartr cpy6a, B.q,o^bero À,^HHHbIx (romHofi u cenepuofi) cropoH, crosÀo
    rro rpn roÀcrbrx croa6a c xerro6oo6paaublMu etrpy6xaua Ha BepxHI'Ix KoHgax'
    a tra HHx yÀoll{enbl TpI{ TaKI,Ie ?I{e ro^crble 6arrnu. floaepx etnx 6a^oK Morn^a
    6trvra Ba^oâtega 6peeuawlu. Ea.tru, noKotlgnect Ha crol6ax, gorrxnrl 6rtrru
    npeÀ,oxpaurItr cpy6 or ÀaB^eHI{a ,rexaIgefi HaA HHM ToÀIgI4 6peeeu, aeMÀH
    r.r KaMH.s (ra6.r'.. II, /).
    Ceeepnaa qacrb Morl{^nuofi suu ocraBa^acb He saHstofi cpy6orra. 3.4,ecn
    6u.la norpe6enur nonn. OHr,r 6u,ru y^o)KeHbI nptMo Ha .4Ho tMbI, noKpblToe
    ^llrub ToHKLTMc^oeM Me^KI{x rausefi. Cnepxy oHIr noKpbITbI To^cTbIM cÀoeM
    lrepeMelralorgnxct n^acros cte6,\eft Kypu^bcKoro vaa, 6epectbl H ÀûcrBeHHHq-
    uofi nopor.
    Brrnre cpy6a n Àouag,efi MorI4^bHa .nua 6urra saÀoï{eHa no BceË cBoefi
    IueCTHMeTpOeuIltU6peeuaMn, 3ano^HgBIIIIlMll .fMy' SOBH-
    n^orgaë,r4 .4,^L1HHbIMH,
    À,r.tMoMy,,q,ocaMoro Bepxa, Ha a{ro ynorpe6^eHo cBbIIue 300 6peeen (ra6,'r. I, 2).
    ceepxy Morr,r^a 6rr.,ra :acotnaHa BblHyroït ve gw1 npll ee pblTbe 3eM^eË, o6pa-
    soeaeurefi He6oauruofi xo^M, H y2fie 3areM HaÀ, Mor1l^ofi coopyxena KaMeHHat
    Hacbrrrb. flo4 raxecrblo geM^I{ H KaMHt sano^Hegne MorLIÀbI co BpeMeHeM
    yn^oTg6^ocb, I4 geM^t, HacblnaHgaâ Ha.q, uorurrofi, onyc1gÀacb B Morl'r^bgyto
    flMy Ha r^y6uHy ao 0.7-1A M.
    Morgrra ycrpoeHa rax ray6ono, TaK npoqHo H KperrKo yKpbITa' BepoSTHo'
    .4^t ToIO, qro6rr npegoxpaHl4Tb ee oT pacxflIgeHa.s LI ocKBepHeHLIfl3^OyMbIIII^9H-
    HuKaMH. Ho norpe6eHHble B MorH^e c yMeplullM geHHocrlr 6uarE, eugIEuo,
    TaK Be^rIKH, rrro HI4 lpyÀHocrn pa6ot no npopblTl&o u npopy6annrc xo.4a
    B Morlr^y, HH ollacHocru aToro npe4nprr.flrlrff He ocraHoBu^H HcKarerrefi 6orarcrs.
    Bcnope ï{e noc^e coopy}nenllfl, 6btrr Moixer B Tor tfie roÀ,, MorI'I^a 6bl^a
    orpa6^eHa.
    Xopouro sHaKoMbIe c ycrpoËctaoM MorIr^bI IT c pacno^olKeHueM norpe6en'
    lubrx B HeË npeg,Meron, rpa6ure^n BbIpbI^I.t IIo cpeg,I'IHeKypraHa ruupoxzË noao-
    /Ieg, Ko^o.4geM ,Ke upopy6zrru B sano^HÂIolglrx Morn^y 6peauax BeprHKa^bH5Ifi
    xo.q,,paaMepavrer2.6X1.2 u, noutu roqHo Ha.4 cpe4I'ruoË cpy6a..f,octnrHye no-
    ro^Ka cpy6a, oHH rpopy6w^w s HetuHe6oabluoe Kpyr^oe orBepcrne (ra6rr. III, /),
    ÀocraroqHoe ^1arubA^fl roro, q16Sp11rpoÀe3rb B Hero (40X60 crtr).flponanuyu,

    t5
    3 ti't

    P u c. 2. flnan r,roru:ru Ha yPoBIreuororKa'

    raKHM o6pa3oM, ts norpe6a^buyL rar,aepy, rpa6r.rre^LrnoÀHocrbro ee ollycrorxH^H,


    u€
    tsbrTarlllàBoTTyÀa Bce Bergg HaBepx, qTo$br Ha ctseTy M1;?KHO6rtao, uuuero
    nponycTl,IB, cllqrb c HI4X MeÀKI',Ie3OÀOTbIeH O^OB'UHble yKpatueHl',lt'
    t{To B ceBepHofi qa-
    3axoHqss pacxHrgeHHc norpe6a^bHofi r<arvreprru 3Haf,,
    CTII MOIIrÀbt norpe$eHbl KOHH C 6O^bUlHM KO^IIqCCTBOM l-IOKpbITbIX3O^oTOM H
    yna'
    o^oBoM yKpaureHHfi, rpa6Hre^u craÀrâ py6nrb ceBepHyro creHy cpy6a. vlrt
    .^ocb npopy6ntr uupoxnfi xo.q, B creHe BHyrpeHHero cpy6a' Bbl6pocrlrb KaMHH
    H3 npoMeà{yrKa Me?KÀ,ycreHaMfi cpy6oB rr Harpy6r4"lb nepBoe 6peeno Hapyx{-
    Horo cpy6a (ra6a. lll,2). Ha sroNa saKoHquÀacb paspyrrHreÀbHat pa6ora rpa'
    6nreaefi. BIaaHuo, I{M KTo'To noMeua^, It oHI'I yIu^II' ocraBHts HellorpeBo]KeHHoil
    3Ty qacTb MorI,IÀbI.

    t6
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    0 JÈ1

    P u c. 3, flran uoru,rn Ha ypoBrio ilo.'ta,


    lJuQPaMtr yrarafibr ri,,y<Pa xuHc"r.

    Hexoroprre Ha6Àro,qeHn8 noSBo^sror ycranoBr.rrb BpeMs rorq,a, KorÀa 6brio


    coBeprleHo norpe6eHlle Ir Kor.4a oHo pasrpa6^eHo, qTo ÀaeT Bo3MornHocrb o6b-
    acHI,rTb g,a^bHefiruyrc cyga6y Mou{^bl.
    B norpe6arrbuofi KaMepe HafiÂeHbr He6o^b[rse Ko^bga, cBrlrbre sB 60^0r'
    HOrO pacîeHr4g nyurlrgbr, a cpe.4,r{KopbeBoro floKpblTrrs KoHcKoro saxopoHeHHs
    nyqoK raKoû TpaBbr. Eoranar B. A. flerpor onpege^ll^ rro cocrorHl,Iro Ko^o-
    cKoB, qro e o6oax c^yqa.fix rpaBa ara copBaHa oceHbro, oKo^o ceHTt6px. Co-
    cTo{Hr4e BoÀocrHoro noKpoBa rpynoB ,rouragefi, no onpe.q,e^eHnrc npo(p. B. O
    13 Haroneg,
    Bzrra, yKagblBaer raK2re Ha ro, qro KoHI,I 1litwt ylutat ocenbro.
    HaÀHqHe Ha KOnbITaX ^Oura4eft Ko^bga C O6e4UeHnOrMpOrOBbrM CÀOeM cBHÀ,e-
    reÀbcrByer, IIo 3aK^roqeHHro npoQ. A. [O. Tapaceenua, o ueperKnroM I,IMLI

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    P u c, 4. Pasoce MofnÀbl rro .ltngsll C-IO. t-

    nepr4og,e HeÀocraroqHoro nItTaHEfl 3a nflTb MecflgeB g,o cMepTLL Tan xan ua


    Aarae nepuoÀoM 6ecxopl.rugrr o6ulqno 6rtsaer anpeÀb, KorJLa cHer Haql{Haer
    Ta.flrb r,r o6paayerca ro^o^e4uga, KoHI'r .4o^!Kubt
    to norpe6eHr-lble B flasupune
    6rrau 6rnr y6urw oKo^o ceur.fl6pa, Tarc rpeMfl pasurIMH cnoco6aun ycranaB^ri'
    Baercs BpeM.s ro.q,a, Korr,a coBepuleubr 6rran noxopoHbl B flaaotpotttcxoM KypreHe'
    B ceura6pe r fla:uprrre ex{eÀ,HetsHo6rIsarcr cH^bHbIe yrpeHnue saMo-
    posKlr. floeronay ts Te HecKo^rxo 4Hefi, KorÀa Mors^a 6urra orxpotroË npË rlo.q,-
    roroBKe ee A^rI coBeplueHlr.rt e Hefi norpe6eHua Ir rrpu yctpofictae c^ox{Horo
    BnyrpuMorl{^bHoro coopy}I{eHllg, Bce HaxoÀHBIUeecse Hefi caMep3^o, TaK KaK
    uopo:Hufi uoqnoË Bos.4yx, nax 6o,tee taxeaurfi, ceo6o4Ho ryÀ,a sareKaÀ, a Ko'
    cbre ^yql' Hn3Koro oceHHero coÀHga He Mof^H npoHLtKHyrb r rrry6oxyrc aruy
    H ororperb ee. Morg,,ra 6u,ta sapura 3aMep3lrlefi, xots H He B cuatHofi creneull,
    TaK KaK OKpy2KarcIgat MOrI{^bHOe coopy?fieHEe 3eM^fl He ycne^a npoMepsHyTb.
    fpa6nre,rr.r ocraBli^H Morfi^y otnprtrofi. floc",re Hx yxoÀa Kpyrble creuKlt
    npopbrroro HMr't Ko^oÀIJa craÀH o6saauearrca. B norpe6a^bnylo KaMepy qePe3
    orBepcrne ts noro^Ke cra^H cblrtarbct KaMHH H 3eM^fl, o6paaonarutPle KoHyco-
    o6paaHyro Kyr{y, Beprunnofi ceoefi ynuparctgyrccs B orBepcrue Ha noto.,txe, Cna.
    qa^a cbrna^Hcb To^bKo 3eM^t LI KaMHI{, Ho qepe3 [IeKoTopoe BpeMfl TyÀa cra^
    nonag,arb n cuer. Ero npocrrofiKlr s nepxHefi tracru Kyrrn cnpeccoBa^Hcb sarellt
    H npeBparn^rrcb B n^orurrfi ae4. EIge no:xe B KaMepy [pounKÀa ro4a u 6o,tn'
    rxoM Ko^HqecrBe, Ho nocreneHno. Pactercaqcu uo [o^y KaMepbI, oua saMepaaÀâ
    .t
    n cKoBbrBa^a B MoHo^uTHyrc ^e.q,sHyro Maccy Bce, tlTo Haxo,4l{^ocb a xarttepe. 31.'
    t
    18
    I

    P s e. 5. Paspos MornÀblno 'ranns 3-B

    Ten^ofi
    TeM 6brÀ c^yqafi, Korg,a B MorH^y saTeKÀO Cpasy 6o^bllloe Ko^HqecTBO
    Ha .4He KaMepbI roÀcrblfi c^ofi
    Bo.4,br,Koropas He cPasy 3aMep3Àa. Àexasrllltft
    BMeCTe
    ÀbÀa Bcn^br^ Tong,a rraBepx, nogHflBrrrHcb na 5 crra HaA, no^oM, BCnÀbI^
    c BMepsulnMH B Hero pas6pocaHHbrMr,r Ha no.,ry o6py6xauu 6peaeH' tgenKaMI'I'
    KaMHrMr,r H ocTaB^eHHbrMlr rpa6r'rTe^flMn HSKOTOpbIM!1npeÀ,MeTaMIt' BMeCTe
    c orpoMgofi .q,epeBtgHofi KoÀogofi. B .4aaruefilreu rpadl4reÀbcxrafi xo4 saea'
    Jtr4itcfl, Ha noBepxHocTI,I KypIaHa ocTaÀacb ]\lllub IIIUpOKat n^ocKaq BnaÀ'fiHa

    4l{aMerpoM oKo^o 20 M, r^y6l'IHofi s 40 cn .


    BoccraHoelrB, TaKgM o6pagoM, flocÀegoBaTe^bHocTb3ano^HeHEff rpa6HTe^b'
    cKoroxo.q,a,MolrHoc.q,e^aTb3aKÀtoqeHl'IeKoToM'BKaKOeBpeM'flroÀ'acoBep-
    1IJeHo pasrpa6ÀeHHe Morr.r^br. flocrre yxoAa rpa6HTe^eË HeKoTopoe BpeMs He
    6urro g,ox4efi, noToM Har{a^Hcb cHero[a.q,br tr ro^bKo noc^e erofo B MOrII^y
    cTa^a npoHI4KaTb B 6O.lruou Ko^ur{ecTBe Bog,a, BepoflTHo, oT TaflHUtt cHera,
    a BareM rr À,oxëeBafl. OrcrcÀa c^eÀ,yer, qro pasrpa$^eHl,Ie npol4sBe4ego no3ÀHefi
    ocenblo Ir^H BItMoË. floc,te rpa6aTe^eii Morl{^a npocrofl^a orKpblrofi 3HaqH-

    Te^bHyro qacTb 3!:MbI I{^II BCIO sarMly tr Ha eToT pa3 cH^bHo npoMepsÀa It He

    OTTaHBaÀaÀO MoMeHTa pacKonoK. Tanurvt o6pa3oM, pasrpA6^egl'Ie MorIt^bI cno-

    cO6CTBOBa^o 6UCrpOlly ee 3aMepBaHwr} vr, c^eÀ,oBaTe^bHo, Xopoilefi coxpaH-

    HocTn HaXoÀI,IBIuI{xct B Hefi npeAMeToB. Coxpanenne H .4a^bgeËIlJee HaKon^e-


    Hne MepgÀoTbl BoKpyr nolpe$eHafl cTa^o BosMott{HbIM 6rraro4apx Ha^I4qHIo
    HaA Morg^ofi KaMeHHofi HacbInI4. flo4 rpy4ofi pblx^o Ha6pocagHoro
    6oruruoft
    KaMHq pesKo HsMeHH^ct TeM1repaTypgblfi pemlrM 3eM^I't. 3lrrtaofi Mopo3HbIË
    '19
    2*
    BO3.4,yX CBO6OÀ,HOnpOHnKa^ Me?KÀy KaMHflMII r' saMOparKr'IBa^ . no.4, HI{MI{
    BeM^ro. Àetortt Co^Hge He MorÀo npOrierr
    ï(e Hacblnb, TaK KaK Macca
    cBo6o.q,Ho Àe?natg[x KaMHefi n^oxofi npoBo.q,HllK Te[^a' a Ten^blfi ^eTHI'Ifi
    Bggg,yx He Mor olycTLITbCt BHLI3 go nopaM HaCbInH, TaK KaK OHI4 6Uan
    3a[o^HeHbI 6orree rgme^blM xoÀoÀ,HbIM Bo3,4,yxoM. FIoA KaMeHHofi Hacblnblo'
    np4 AOCTaToqHbIx ee pasMepax, 3eM^s HeMHHyeMo .4o^2KHa $rtrra 3aMep3'
    Llepea KaKoe-To KoÀIrrIe'
    HyTb H coxpagsrb HITBKyI9 TeMnepaTypy BeKaMH. I

    CTBo ÀeT ilog Hacblnblo flaaotpuxcroro KypIaHa c^ofi Mep3^oTbI go^ï{eH t-


    6urr 4oCrurgy1b .4Ha MOrIi^bI H r^y6nre, He3aBHCHMooT TOIO' B TeII^oe IlÀI{
    BpeMs r'or4,aCOOpyà{eHa MOrI4^a H CoBepuego ee orpa6^eHl{e' Ho lq,o
    XOÀOrq,Hoe
    6r,t ,4na MoIII^bI' B Hefi Haqa^HCb 6bI npogeCCbl
    TorO KaK C^Ofi MepsÀOTbI r4,oCTI,rf
    pas^o?KeHlt.E. OceHHe-cuMHee BpeMt noxopoH LI paSrpa6^eHuff cnoco6cTBoBa^o,
    1aKHM O6paaOu, 6rrCrpouy saMep3aHg1o MorH^bI H, C,1êÀ,OBâTS^bHO' Xopo1gefi
    COxpaHHocrI,I norpedegua.ll Pacronnn l-laartpotttcroro KypraHa flporeKaÀfl
    -t\.
    B Heo6brrrgbrx rq^r apxeo^ora yc^oBr.rsx. Pa6ora B Meps^oM rpylrre' B 3anoJ\-
    . HflrotgeM Morr,rÀy rrEcToM ÀbÀ,e, B Macce npeKpacHo coxpaHl{BIIIUXC.tI 6peeea,
    Tpe6OBa^a ocO$bIX npI{eMOB. He ,rOnara, HO21114 K11CTb,a TOnOp' Be4po H Tert'
    Àafl BoÀa 6rr,tn ocnosHbIMLI opy.q,E.flMKpa6oTbl.
    flpr pa36opRe KaMeHHofi Hacbrnr{ KypraHa B Hefi 6or:rn o6HapytreHbl
    cTapblx Te^eHreTcKItx norpe6eHI,IË, pacKoflaHHbIx sKcueÀ,Hgnefi Pyc'
    r.
    ocTATKII
    c6oro MyBefl erge B 1924 r,, H or{eHb Hesnaqure^bHble ocrarKll HeKoropblx cÀy-
    trafiHo nonaBruux croÀ,a yà{e noc^e coopy}r{eggs MorI{^bI npeÀ,MeroB. hnrepecHa
    ^I{rub HaxOÀKa 1II^flnKg Me,4HorOrBo3,q,fl, o KOTOpOft6yget CnaaaHO HH}Ke'
    B nepxHux ropH3oHTax 3ano^H.srorgefi Morr.r^bHyro sMy seM^H HaxoÀ,oK He
    6rrrro. HaqnHafl c rIy6r4HbI oKoÀo 50 cpr. oT ypoBHfl [oqBbl' 3eM^t 6ula sauepe-
    ueË, n 3,4,ecbcTa^Il nona4arbct or4e^bgble npe,4Merbl. 3ro 6oras gepeBflHqble
    opyg;wfl. u^a npucnoco6^eHnfi, ynorpe6^esubre npn coopy?KeHHI,IMOrIz^bI
    qacrg
    n 6poueuuore gareM Ha Mecre pa6or Bc^eÂ,crBLIe no^oMKLt r4tll no MHHOBaHI'IH
    B HHx Ha4o6gocr1r. 3g,ecr 6rras - o6^oMoK ÀepeBsgHoft ^onarbr (ta6rr. lV,3'),
    qeTblpe c^oMaHHbIx Ko^a, o6^oMoK Ko^oTyI[KH .q,Àfl Sa6vtr,a:atrflKo^beB H 06^0-
    MoK qacTv ap6u. flogo6soro xe po,4,anpegMe1bl Haxo4k^Llcb [oBepx 3âIIoÀHflIo-
    rgr{x MorriÀy 6peeeH ?r cpe&fi 6peeeu Bepxgero ps,q,a. OHn 6ntrrn yrroxegbl' KaK
    tlacru ap6bl,
    H 6peBpa, no HanpaB^eHHIo 3 * B. 3À,ecr 6rtan gua .flpMa' À,Be
    K^HH, TpII Ko^a, A,Be 11a^K'LC saOcTpeHHbIMKOHgoM, o6py6n1r rueCTOBr'r Xepaefi
    H Apyrge. Bce arn npeÀ,MeTbr,a TaKïte H 6peBsa, 6rr,rg cKosaHbr Àb.4,oMI.I no^-
    HocTbro coxpaul4^n cBofi ilepBogaqaÀbHblft ea4. f,peeecrlHa coxpaul'IÀa cBofi gBer'
    Kpenocrb I{ cMo^r4crbrË Banax. Ha cÀerra Àu[Ib ttoreMneBluefi rroBepxHocrlt
    npeg,MeToB orqeT^HBo Btt,q,HbIBce Me^bqafiI[He Àera^H c^e.4,oB o6pa6otttz upe4-
    Mera [r ero yflorpe6^ennq B pa6oTe. Tanxe lir4eaÀbgo coxpaHla^ocb gepeBo
    HK?KeB CaMOft MOfI{^e.
    L .4,epeBgHHblel{3.4,e^H.fl,HaX0Â,IIBIIJHeCA
    florpe6aaruaq KaMepa oKasaÀacb go caMoro Bepxa sano^Heggofi ÀbgoM, Ho
    ^e.4, 6brÀ He n^orubrû, Korrnqecrso Bor4bl, npoHI,IKIrIefi B KaMepy, 6rtao wteqrute

    20
    rl-

    oôreua cpy6a, H nepBoHaqa^bno B KaMepe ocraBa^ocb HeKoropoe cnodo.quoe


    BosgyruHoe npocrpaHcrBo. Àeg nocreneuHo ucnapt^cff n BHoBb ocarr.q,a^ct,
    o6pasyr Kpncra^^br Ha noro^Ke r.r crenKax cpy6a. Co epeueneM norITLI Bcs
    Macca ^rr.4,aHecKo^bKo pa3 nepexognri.a v3 TBepÀ,oro cocrorHr.rf, s napoo6pasuoe
    u o6paruo, B pesy^brare qero ÀeÀ cra^ gepHlrcrbrM H^H nopHcrblM, H o6'rrervt
    ero yBe^HquÀcr, TaKHM o6paaonr, .qo pasMepoB KaMepbr. TanoË sepuncrufi aeg
    ^erKo nog,AaBa^c.s ^o[aTe, n qepes HecKo^bKo rracoB nocÀe cHtTHg noTo^Kt
    ocHoBHat Macca ero 6nraa y.4aaeHa Hs KaMepbr. Ocra.noco ^nlrrb ne6orrruroe
    Ko^ntrecrBo ^bga flo crenaM u Ha no^y. Sror ^eA ocropoxHo eu6lrpaacx
    c noMolgbro HolKa, a rracrbro caM pacTa.fi^.
    B norpe6arrnnofi xanaepe, KaK y?fie ynoMl{HaÀocr, rpa6nre.rru ocraBlt^n oqeHb
    neMnoro eegefi. fJpexge Bcero oHI4 npnnflÀHcb, noBu{q,HMoMy,ea rpo6, crotB-
    runfi agoan roxuofi creHbr cpy6a. 3ro 6rraa orpoMnar Ko^oga, nugorrdaennax
    rirs crBoÀa Benoeofi ^HcrBeHHrigrr (ra6,t. V,2).l.la gpyroro raKoro 2I{e crBo^a
    6rraa cgeaaua KpbrruKa .qÀÂ Hee. Korro4a, .q,^aHoro s 3.7 M, u.rnpnuofi oxo,ro
    80 crvr u sorcorofi oxorro 70 cu, 6rrrra rlgare^buo o6pa6crrana rto Bcefi noBepx-
    Hocrr,r. Ha aarpyraeHHbrx ee KoHgax c.4,e^auo rro nape npoylrrnu,
    Bt4EuMo, l,,.tr
    npogeBaHlrt apKaHoB npn ee TpancnopTlrpoBKe rr npn cilycKe e naoruay. .{,aa
    t. saKpen^eHfit KpbrrllKlr Ha KoHgax ee H B coorBeTcrByrolgHx Mecrax Ko^ogbl BbI-
    gorr6aeno no nape otnepcrNfi, B Koropbre BcraB^t^r{cb, 'BepotrHo, Meg,HbIe
    6oarar, noxurgenubre rpa6urerraun. Bca BHeruHg.r noBepxuocrb Ko^oA,bI H
    KpbrruKn 6rrrra or,,reeHa ygKHMLt no^ocnaMr,r ronnofi Kolxugbr Mo^o.4,blx 6epeaor,
    HMeBrrrHx B cBoe BpeMff xpacnnuË ]ileÀTo-Kopr{vnenufi geet, 6opra Ko^ogbl
    6ol.tu yrparueHbr, KpoMe rofo, HaK^eeHHbrMlI Ha HI,Ix uao6paxeuuffMl,I neryxoB'
    BbrpesaHHbrMHu3 Kozrlr{ ?r floKpbrrbrMr.r ^ncroBbrM o^oBoM (ra6a. v, 3). Ha
    TopgoBbrx croponax Ko^oÂbr 6orrro no lq,Ba raKax ueo6paxeHI,tt, Ha npo.4o^b-
    HbIx - no À,ec.arb. O4naxo coxpanu^rrcr aeo6paxenna ro^bKo na ron*rofr
    t4 TopgoBbrx cropoHax KoÀog,br, o6pargeuurrx K crerraM cpy6a, a ocra^buble,
    BLIg,r.tMO,
    noxnlgeHbr rpaoureaavv pa/.v noKpbrBaBrl]ero I,Ix o^oBa,
    fpa6nrerrn oro,q,pa,lta KpbrrIJKy or Ko^oÀbr, noBpeg,aB ee Ha o.4rroM KoHge
    HecKo^bKHMfi yplapawu îonopa. florpe6eunrtfi r roaoge (aan norpe6ennrte?)
    c 6orrrurHnr Ko^Hr{ecrBoM geHHbIx yKpa'
    6nr.l, ouenu4Ho, o.4,er e 6oratrle o,q,ell{.4,br
    ueuufi, r-r, uto6bt ygo6uee 6urro cugro gTu geHHocru, ero BbITaIgLt^H Hg MorH^bI
    HaBepx ge^nKoM BMecre c oge?KgaMli, I4 noroMy or Hero He coxpaHH^ocb B Mo-
    rnÀe HIâKaK[x ocrarKoB. Tanxe pI Bce Apyrne [pe.4Merbl, HaxoÂHBllTrrec.fl
    B KoÀorle, noxnlgenbr rpa6uteax*ru. B rorro.qe o6napyxeno ^uullr HecKo^bKo
    Me^KLIx o6puenon or HacreuHoro aoËaoxa, o KoropoM cKa2lry g,aÀblrre, HecKo^bKo
    o6prruxoe noso^orbr n rpr{ Ma^eHbKtIx, BbrpegauHbrx ug toacroË xoxz u nô-
    Kpbrrbrx soÀoroM, cKy^brrrypnbrx uao6paxenufl ro^oBbl ropuoro Kos^a
    (ta6rr. lV, 5, 6). Onycrolrue Ko^og,y, rpa6zterrn 6pocn,tn Ha Hee KpbIIIIKy
    o6patuo, B nepeBepHyroM BHa,e, .Ito6rt oHa He Melua^a ux &ei4crBr4flM B KaMepe
    (ra6,r.Il, 2).

    21

    irl
    F
    Or n nbIIIIHoro B cBoe BpeMt y6paHcraa norpe6aalnofr nainepot
    ôoratoro
    ùcra^ocb or{egb geMgoro. Ha no^y coxpaul4^Llcb KycKH Bofi^oKa, KoropblMt'I
    reMHoKopnqHe-
    _(
    6otirn caserueHbl crenbl. 3to 6u,ta ruspoKa no^oca ro^croro
    Boro Bofi^oKa c ysopHofi xafirtaofi HaBepxy, cIlIHroË I{3 ToHKoro' KaK QeTP'
    pasHogBerHoro BofiÀoKa (ta6rr. V, /). Ha 6eaon'r (poHe noMelgeHbt rrePe.q,yrc-
    rgaecs Kpacgbre vt cv,.r.ue Hso6palKennt ro^oBbl TI'Irpa B npoQlt^b' a rto KpatM
    KafiMbI opHaMeHT Hs qepe.4ylolgnxct rpynn 6e^blx, Kpacgblx' c1IHHx H xeÀTblx
    Tpeyro^bHlrtKos. Bofi^ox 6u.rr npr$ur K c1ege r4epeBtHHbIMlI E MeAHbIMU rBos-
    qacto nx
    F,fl.MH.[epeBsHHble rBo3AH - 9ro npocrble, saocrpeHHble ^yqI'IHKE.
    octa^acb B cTene, qacTb 6blÀa BbIpBaHa rpa6vTe^qMl,r BMecTe c Bofi^oKoM I,t Ha-
    xoÀa^açb Ha ng^y. rBo3A,Ii npe,4cTaB^tÀW co1oil' MaccHBHbIe cTepxrHII
    Megnrre
    A^HHofi oKo^o 10 cM., c tuupoKot'I Kpyr^oË u^tl1Kofi. Me,q,u npe.q,craB^ff^a geg-
    HOCTb .4,^r fpa$HTeÀefi, 14 oqvr He ocraBllÀIt 6es eHu[4aHyA HH Ol4,HOrOrBg3gt'
    Llacrr rBos.4efi 1lM ygaÀocb Bbrg,epgyTb geÀLIKoM, rI B cTege B gT11xMecTax ocTa-
    -ii,
    ^HCb ^Illub oTBepCTLIt, oKpytreHHble Me.q,HOË3e^eHblg, Ho HeKqTopbte rBogAH
    .q,epïçaÀr.lcbTaK KpenKo, qTo rpa6I'ITeÀH cMor^n To^bKo oT^oMHTb HX BepxHrorc
    qacTb co ru^tnKofi, cTeplnHl4 21çe ocTaÀI{cb B cTege. Bce arg ge^ble rBo3llll
    u lrr^tnKu oT ocraBllrnxcff B creHe rpa6I'ITe^H 3a6pa^E c co6oË, Ho c^yqafiHo
    oÀHy ru^rnKy rroTeptÀI,I Ha6epxy. Mu Haul^n ee B caMoM Haqa^e pacKonor ,
    B KaMeHHofi HacbInH. OHa toqHo no,q,o1g^a B Hs^oMe K oÀHoMy H3 BbIHyTblx
    HaMr.r r.r3 cleHbr crePàrHefi (ta6,t. lv, 4).
    Kporrre ocfaTnoB HacTeuHoro Bofi^oKa, Ha no^y coxpaug^ocb elge HecKo^bKc)
    'fpr Ko^bga, cuHTbIe H3 rogKoro gBeTgoro aofi-
    npe4MeroB, VIs uux l,tHrepecgbl
    ^oKa, TptI TaKr4x r{e Ko^bga, cBHTbIx H3 TpaBbl, E KO?fiaHbIey3e^KH' KO Oga
    rlMeroT BrlÀ Ka^aquKoB gnaMerpoM oKoÀo 15 crtl. Kar renepr BbItcHI'I^ocb IIpH
    pac6onKax BToPoro KyPraHa, 9HI'I c^yÈrg^n noa,craBKaMI'I A^t Heycrofiql'IBblx
    cocyr4oB co ctpepaqecKl4M g,HoM, floasocrurc coxpagsBlugficn yseaon npeÀcraB-
    ^t^ Co6ofi ^ocKyTOK Kolltn C aaBepHyTbIM B HerO nyqKOM Bo^OC, BOsMO?I{Ho
    qe^oBeqecKllx, SaBtSaHHbIfi TOHKI,TMpeMeLUKOM.Hagga'{egne gpyrl'rx npe.4,MeToB
    HetcHo. 3to 6uar.r 3 yzxux peMeluKa, o6pbIBKH Ko?t{H I't lllepcrtHoro IuHyPa'
    Me^KHe KyCOqKI4 ^IICIOBOrO 3O^OTa, O6^OMKI'i .4,epeBtHHblx naÀor{eK' c.t e4yet
    oTMeTLrTb erge ^e?KaBIIIve B aHaToMI{qecKoM noptÀKe xBocToBble nogBouKn 6a-
    paHa. 3To, oqeBEÀHo, ocrarKll no^ox(eHHoro B MorH^y Kyp.q,IoKa 6apana.
    Eoaee unrepecHble Belga o6uapyï{e'bl B Kyr{e 3eM^I{ n KaMH'fi, HaBa^rrrB-
    rxlrxc.fl B rpa6llre^bcKnfi xog,. flocrre yxo4a rpa6HTe^eË Ha HacbIrIE KypraHa
    ocTaÀHcb 6porueuHlte HMH [o^oMaHHbIe npeÂMerbr, c KoTopblx oHH cogpa^Ll
    geHubre yrpaureHlls r,r9 3o^o1a E O^OBa. HenOrOpOIe I{3 ATI'IX npe.4,MeTOBCBa^ll-
    ^Hcb o6parHo B MotHÀy BMecre c KaMH'MH H 3eM^efi. B nyue 3eM^It no4 rpa-
    6srearcnurvr xo4,oM oKa:a^acb gepeB.flHna.aHolKKa cro^HKa c peÀbeQHbIMH yKpa-
    yKpaIxeHLItM, BbITOqeHHbIMHa CTaHKe(ta6rr. lv,7).
    rrreHHffMH,nO.4,Pa2r{a}OrgAMI{
    Onpyraue pe6pa HoIKKH oK^eeHbI, KaK n KoÀo4a, Kolt{ugefi uoao4otx 6epeaox,
    a ocrpbre, noBHAlIMoMy, 6rtan IroKpbITbI 3o^oroM, Koropoe cHtro fpa6ETe^flM[],

    22
    Tau xe 6rraa À,rrus'ar rÀaÀKo BbrcrporaHHafi
    na^or{Ka, 4auHolï e 102 cu., w ë,e-
    peBrHHar noi4yrxKa (ra6,t. IV, B).
    3aMe'areao'a HaxogKa Bgecb ?r(e pyKotrKlrr 6poneonoro Ke^bra
    (ra6a' lv, l, 2). orua câ,e^a'a Hs cyKa e^n c
    np'^erarorgefi K HeMy qacrbro
    crBo^a' Ha nrranoo6paS'o gatecanHrrË
    Ko'eg Koroporo Haca2r{r.rBa^cq6ponao-
    sorfi Kearr co nryaxofi nprMoyro^b'oro
    cerre'Hs. 3ro 6rr,r pa60vn îr uucrpy-
    MeHr 6es xanax-rrz6o yxpaureHr.rfi. Tana,
    r4e pyKoar*y a,ep?Ka^a pyxa pa6or:ae_
    .'ero' noBepxHocrb ee Salo^EpoBa^acb,
    ^ocH'Tc.fl. Tonop e pa6ore c^oMaic, _
    nepeÀoMr'I^acb pyKO.rITKaB TOM Mecle,
    rge Ha uee 6ura HacaïteH Ke^br, r4 B TOr'
    HA''PABAEHHH,B KOTOPOMI,IHCTPYMEHT
    IICIIbITbIBAA 'AA6O T,,,EC
    ÀABAEHI{CNPH
    pa6ore (a nanpae,,re*'n cBaE.*
    HanepeÀ, KaK aro BrÀ,Ho no xapaKrepy paspbrBa
    BOÀOKOHgpeBecl{Hbr, a He B 60xoso^{
    HanpaB^e'Hr{, qro HMe^o 6rr rrrecro npn
    uauepeuHofi [o^oMKe pyKosrK'
    E,.fl cHfl'rvfr c nee 6ponsoBoro neanra). Tan
    KaK oror ronop 6rr",r npocrbrM pa60vnru
    aHcrpyMeHToM, c^oMa' B flpogecce pa-
    60trr, a ero pyKorrKa oporueua Ha
    Kparc pacKorïa rpa6nteaefi, o.rKy4a o'a Bno-
    cÀer4crBlll. cBa^Itiacb B MorlÀy' ero
    c^eÀyer cqararb npr.r'a.4^eà{argair,r rpa6n-
    Te^.flM,a ue norpe6eunoMy B Morn^e
    H He crpolrre^rM KypraHa.
    Haroueg, erge .ÀHHM cBa^aBrrrrMc.a e
    rpa6rtearcrofi xo. npe.qMerou 6rrao
    fopÀbrurK. 60anruoro .^HHTHOTO
    KyBrrrHHa, ynaBruee Ha noro^oK cpy6a ua gHe
    rpa6are'rrcxoro Ko^o,4ga. BoeÀaox'o, qro r.r eror npocrofi
    rauua'ufr cocy4
    c raagxofi aorgenofi noBepxHocrbro
    Mor HMerb ua ce6e xarne-uuoygb yKpaue-
    Hl4fl vt' ge'Hbrx Marepua^oB H noeroMy
    6rra ncsaeqeH rpa6nrearM' HaBepx.
    Kax un Ma^or{Hc^e'Hbr r{ Hr{ (pparMe'TapHbr
    yge^eBrrrae or rpa'r.rreaefr
    [pe4Merbl as norpe6aat,uofi KaMepbr,
    o'r! Bce z*e flo3Bo^rror HaM COCTaBHTb
    ce6e aexoropoe npeÀ,cra'^eHrie o 6orarc*e
    rî nbrrrr'oc* nor.pe6enua. flpoctop-
    Hat RaMepa' n^orgaÀbro e 16 xe. M,
    6brÀa, oqeBlrÀH., 60rato y6paua r.r Hano^HeHa
    pas^HtIHbIMIt nperqMeraMw' yKpa[reH'brMr.r
    3o^o?oM, o^oBoM n npyrfl^n ge'Hbrlr'
    Marepna^aMU. 3Àecn 6rra croaax,
    M'oro nocy.4br (ne naeuee ruecrr.I crcyÀ,oe),
    c xyuaHbtMl{ n npoÀyKTaMl't' KaKoe-'i'o
    coopy?KeHne r,rs roHKHx na^oqeK Bbrco-
    ro'o 60'lnrue Merpa n' orreBH.4,HO'
    MHO.' Apyrax paonoo6parHbrx npeÀ,Mero'.
    B noauofi HenpprKocHoBeH'ocrn u npeKpacHofi
    coxpauuocrrr gorr'Àa go Hac
    ceBepHat qacrb M'ru^br, r'Ae norpe6eurrr
    6rraa xona. Bce, vro 34ecb HaXOÀtr_
    aoco, 6t'rÀo cKoBaHO rr^orHbrM ^baoM,
    H MHoro rpyÆa H TepnêHa' na40 6rrao
    ynorpeduro Ha ro, qro6rr ocro60gurn
    oro ÀbÀ,a H H3B^eqb u3 MorrrÀbr ^efi(aB-
    Irrp'e raM TecHo oÀIlH Ha
    .4pyroM' nepen^erarolgfiecff gpyr c gpyroM MHoroqac-
    ÀeHHbIe c^olt{Hble npeAMerbr, cocro.flrgHe
    raxÀrrË H3 MHorrrx org,e^bHbrx qacreË.
    flarnaâga* gneË ynopuofi pa6or' nor:pe.oeaaocb Ha paa'opxy arofr ,racr,a
    Morn^br, saHnMarcrgeË urrorga4r Bcero
    ^Hrub e 1 1 xe. Àa.
    llorpe6enHrre sÀecb KoHtr ^ Irx cHap.f,2fierr'e
    BrrepBbre B r'crop'a apxeo^o-
    rHqecKHX pacKonoK oKa3a^ucb s noaHofi
    coxpaHHOCTH.He nocrlr ^orxaÂr.I n or-

    ff1,""T'.iixi:iïi;J^i,il::1îî.",Hîî:,Jjî:i,"îili-1";""*"il1
    23
    cnaptï{e-
    T a T K a MnPeÀMerbt
    i t t o x e f i , M y c K y ^ a T y p o f i n e r r y r p e H H o c T ' M l t l { . 4 a x ( e cI{o cg'pyrue nHeneperiapeH,
    ge^ble ceg'^a' v'o**" KoTo'
    nofi nurglt B KHueqHIlKe' Bn^orlt '{'o HllroK'
    Bo ti"* o"tun"x qepe3 '4'Be
    HItf, BepxoBofo KoHff' "o*pu"""t"ecfl LI3 Motu^br
    ceA'^a' oo'n" tu"""qeHbl
    pblMu cluuro' oto"no"-o];;;t"
    : "^" j:i;î" ^î I{^bIn^orHbIM
    1"#i acrb Mor
    c^oeM
    Tîî ;,"iïJ' :i:ïïii
    ÀPYr Ha BPYra'
    oglr' Kâ3â-
    B o"tnopoon" 'ooton4acu
    ono.,ro50 cM ro^Igl{Hofi' B pasublx noÀox{eHnqxB saBl{cr-
    cBepxy--1^::;;t

    r'r'':: îi tii:i#:* i* *;:ruïÏ :i!î#i i".T;ï


    cloAa
    ,rocr, 6rtru c6poureuu
    M'crH'r
    poHeHIrf ^oIua'4'eI'l'
    Koropblx olrtt
    e H E f l ' c o BBM e c r I { ( r
    f l a o r r p r t r c r o r o K y p r a H a ' O ' q ' n a r o t ' o t n - " 0 ' t " * o t o ' o n suy ' qyc:tovuït''
    pacno^o2reHtt
    c npoQ. B. O' Burtowr' "o"'o" npegcraB^eurte'
    eto ourn6oqHoe ycraHoB-
    naxog'Pl^ucbr Y4âÀocb e rvrôrn'ry B
    "tnpu""'o nont 6o'n' yÀo?$eHbl
    -flo^o?Ke*ll4'
    6u ox{s4aTb' cnunofi HaBepx'
    Kan n c^eÀoBa^o pflnaÏ:;
    Bce B og'I'IHaKoBoM 9ermpe nepBblx
    ^eHHoM nopq.',Ke i't rluug ro'ron1Ë'
    nog' 6ptoxo HoraMH' t o*""*o Bce ro^oBaMn Ha
    c no.q,x(arblMu no^oBlt'e MorH^bI'
    B pfl t tottot"'oi
    xou' 6nt'rn yno*"tt qerblpe KoHt B sana'q'Hor{
    etopofi pqg'' raKxe B
    ;;#;; Ha Bocron' Haroueg'
    BocroK. 3a nun'ru
    tutuo' ocra^bnble-- B sa-
    Hg Hnx roaoeoft "u
    no^oBnHe' oA'IrH
    îtra^acb ne6ornuraR n^otgaA'b
    Ha '4o^Io notooo'*
    noc^e,q,Hl{e .q'Ba KoHt'
    naÂ,HoMKoHEeMoIH^bI'[o^oÏ{eHblo"oo*,BnonepeqHoMHanpaB^eHl4E,ro^oBolc
    TpexMerpo-
    HaceBep'floeepxKaà{'4'oroKoItffno^o?Ktn*o*nn E" n3a^olKeHo^cBepxy
    TerocHaptxeHuf'Bcee'ro
    ro^crblM KopbeBbIM no*fo'""*
    6ut,ro sarputTo
    op"u"',
    roargen
    eoft *" lï :.1 ".,iiii'Tl;!Ï'
    BeM^Ir' a
    "
    3areM
    :T tt:1,::;;-^"*u*"*
    L3 KaMHfl' i**,:ffi'::îiïJ;
    Ha HItx npe'q'MeroB
    qa^a us
    TpynoB H ^er{algux
    I',I nepeMelgeHl'Ie
    Harra^ocb yn^orHeHl4e
    I1o Ha-
    n o H a n p a B ^ e H l , r r c - - K c t e r r e c P Y 6 a ' r g ' e ^ o O" 6 o 4 r r o eIrn porr{acTl4
    . ' u " u n o . o c n o6peeeu' ocTpaHclBo
    ua*t*"tto" 6un*ut"t ""*"tt"
    rr,rei'rÂYcrol6ault'
    InB-3a IIepaB'
    n p a B ^ e H l , I r c * ' o " ' o u " o * y K o H g y M o r E ^ bcnuHy' r n p H e T o M nqacrn
    I . T p y n toTge^bnble o B o p aLIxqfiBa^Itcb
    nepeBepuy^Ilcb Ha
    na 6or, HeKoropbre
    ce'4'^a
    H O M e p H O r o ' 4 ' a B ^ e H l r t u p u u t o t * M e c r a x " o ' " n o ' 3 a [ etliÏ:^"epeMetga^I4cb
    pr{PIBa^I4CbHaMecTe'BTO
    qacrr, rpyna
    BpeM' KaK ocra^bHan ""il;;;."
    I{y3,q'eqKI'I'Llnor'q'aorÀe^bHbleuut'"1*o'f,o'"un"tonpasbeSLIHflLr4cb'Bceeto
    -t"4nu
    K HLIM y3'q'eq-
    npueelonnu*it"*ycr6ecnop'.q,oqHoMypacno^o2K c eornocflIulrMncfl
    Hl,IrcHaxoÀ'oKBMor!{^e.
    MbI
    B npogecce pacKorloK 'orMeqa^" KaK oHIl orKPbrBâ'
    ,rofi noc,reÀoBare^bHocrlr'
    ro-; e floe'rouy
    KaMlr HoMepu*"'J'tî-r" Ir rpynbl rosefi'
    noou. T"*" HyMepoBa^I4cb
    rï-rio*î
    ^ucb nepe.q, **."
    cBoeMy xyÀ'olKe-
    HoMepaTpynoBrouefirre.oo,".'"'".À'"o*"pu*-flp H H a é ^ e } I { a l g l 4no
    paaHoo6pasEbl xI.lM ceAe^'
    na6opu .rp"ut#unto ro
    Tar narc c6pyËnile paccMorperb
    ;';;t;' ro neo6xoAlrMo
    pac^HqHbl
    crBeHHoMy o(popM^eHlrrc'
    o T g e À b H o c T r 4 , . u * o o . o K o H f l c o u . " * . " , o - . " u p " * .HoMepoB 4 , y l o ' g e e o n l , IKoHt'
    ' ' " * . G : r e . cHapqlKeHnt caHlle
    g'aercf t nop"on"
    noneÉ u Hx cHapflll(eHr4'I

    24
    I
    I

    A\=

    P s c. 6. Ceg,ro n yr4a lS 1 (pexoncrpyrg*rx).

    ii
    i,
    t;
    li
    L
    Ir

    li
    T;
    i

    1, Patxlaït xonr Ns 5, 18 ,rer, lu c xsocroM, Ban^ereuHbrM B nocy. Àe-


    rxa^ Bo BTopoM p^Æy ts nepeBepuyroM no^oà{eur,ru, 6proxou BBepx. Ce4rro no-
    KpbITo KpacnbrM eofiaoxon{ H yKparrreHo KpynubtMr.r BbrpesannbrMu us Kor{pr
    nao6paxeuntMu rr.rrpa, repsarorgero ropuoro 6apana (puc.35 n r:a6a. Vl,4r.
    (Dnrypa ropgoro 6apaHa floKpbrra roHKr.rM ^HcroBbrM o^ogoM. Pora ero noKpa-
    IIreHbI B xrearufi gBer, a 6opo4a il <sepKaÀbge) oKo^o xBocra e rpacnufi. Tnrp
    Becb rr(e^Tbrfi, a pr,rcynoK ruepcrr.r, r^aaa !r Àpyrne .4era^r{ HapucoBaHbr reMno-
    xopnvuenofi rpacxofi. Peunn Harpy4,Hr{Ka r,r ysg,eqnu yKparrreHbr ,4epeBrHHbrMH
    6a.8urKaNaH.Ha neperpecrb.sx peMHeft uarunrol ruHpoKne 6rrsurnv c pacrHTe^b-
    HbIM y3opoM, floKpblTble ^HCTOBbIM3o^OTOM, a MerK.4y HHMH ps.4,bl ysKHx t{eTKo.
    BIrÀ,Hbrx 6asruerc, noKpbrrbrx ^rrcroBbrM o^oBoM, f,epesannue nca^zu yeÂeqKfl
    yxpalueubl nao6paxeuutMn ro^oBbr MnQri'recKoro op^a. Bepxnee raao6paxeuue
    rlca^Ha H Bepxu.flt flo^oBI,IHKa dtaxu-paznu^Ka oKo^o Hero lonpbrrbr so^oroM,
    HHlilHHe- O^OBOM. ErrgXa-HaAO6HHX e geHTpe UOKpbrTa 3O^OTOM,nO KparM -
    o^oBoM (ra6"". Vl, l-3).
    2. Parx:aït KoHo Ns 3, c aasssa*HbrMys^oM xBocroM. Vgea xeocra saKpbrr
    roxatrofi noBtsxoË, norcpurofi 6oluruavr go^orbrM ^HcrKoM. Àemaa Ha 6orcy
    Bo BropoM pflgy c earnyroË naaa4 rorronoË. I-lorcpuurna ce4^a ns rtre^roro
    soËr\oKayKpalrleHauso6paxeHzeM Kpbr^aToro runQzuecKoroTHrpa, Tep3arorgero
    ropHofo Ko3^a. Ouo cursro ng pagHogBeTHbrxKycotrKoB eofi,\oKa- cnHero,
    Kpacuoro u ï{e^Toro n o6ne4eHo no Konrypau geerHofi sr.rrnoË rau6ypunrrvr
    uraom (pr.rc. 37 u ra6x Yll). PertrHa HarpyAHHKa H ysAeqKu ynpaueHbr Ha
    nepeKpecrbfix r4epeB.flHHbrMn QHrypKaMr{ro^oBbr rHrpa, ÂeprKargeroB pacKpbr-
    rofi nacra xantn xa6ana. foaosa rnnpa co BcraB^eHHbrMH KolxaubrMrryruaMn
    noKpbrTa 3o^oToM, K^brK Ka6aHa- o^oBoM. Mexgy arHMIl çurypKaMu Ha
    peMHH HaruHTbIKpecrnxn Hg roacrofi Korr(H,rroKpbrrbre3o^orbrMa ^r4crKaMH.
    flcaann gaKanquBarorct raKrfe neo6paxeHurMa roÀoBbr rnrpa c K^brKoM Ka-
    6asa B nacrlr, Ho uctro^HeHnbrMnHe rpyraofi cryaonrypoË, a 6apeaaeQuo,
    B npoQlr^b, Eaaxa-sarro6nun nonprrra 3o^oroM.
    3. Potxnït xoHo Ns 8, 17 ,rer, c 3aBfl3aHHbrM ys^oM xBocroM. OÂr,rn ug
    ^yqlllnx no cBoeMysKcrepbepy. Àexaa Ha npaBoM 6ory e nepBoMprg,y. ceÀ^o,
    KaK r,r y npe{q,brg,ylgero
    KoHs, yKparrreHo annrruxagnefi n3 gBeTHoro Bofi^oKa
    (puc.37 n ra6a. VIII). Cromer ueo6paxeHur ror ï{e, Ho ropHblfi Kose^ npe4-
    craBÀen He 6eryEr.rrvr,a ^eà(argnM c nepeBepHyrbrMsag,oMH noBepuytofi Haoag
    roaonofi, a npnraatorË rrlrp - c K^roBoM nrngbr BMecro Mop.qbranepr. flo-
    npbrrrrKaceg,^a cÀ,e^ana r,rs KpacHoro eofiaoxa, a nao6paxenl{e - I{3 cr{Hero
    t,t àte^Toro. Hercoroprre Aera^Lr floKpbrrbr ^HcroBbrM o^oBoM Ha nogK^a.4,Keng
    ?oHKOfiKo2nt{. flo 6orarrr ce4aa npr{Kpen^eHo no Tprr [o.4BecKn, currrTbrxr,r3
    KoxI{ u pasHôgBeruoro aofiÀora, oropoqeuHblx norrocxofi cl,ruefo Mexa n .q^au-
    uofi 6axponrofi no xpacHoro KoHcKoroBo^oca. Ha nux nso6pa2reHaro^oBa rop,
    uoro 6apaua B npoQu^b, o6pargenHaanaopaofiBBepx,pr cBepxy, no 6oKaM ee,
    iqBe ro.,roebrîLlrpa c pacnpnrrofi flacrblo, c poraMn .ar{Ttr^onbrua a6y, TaK}r(e j:1
    4

    26
    P u c, 7. Co.4a,ox yr.4a Ne 2 (pexoxcrpyrgur).

    F
    Pnc. L Ce,4,ron ye4a Ne 3 (pexoucrpyxgna).
    ii
    iÉ
    i

    Pnc. 9, ÇçAao u ya4a JS 4 (pexonctpyxgnr).


    I
    f

    :
    I

    :;:::::':--r**;:
    P n c. 10. Koar s y6opo N 5 (pexoncrpyrgrr).

    B rlpoQH^b, Kportre gBerHoro Bofi^oKa, B aroM H3o6pa)KeHHH npI.Iil{eHeHbITaK?Ke


    3o^oro H o^oBo. FIpn ce4rre Haxo.q,HÀcr tgHr, c.4e^aHHbrË H3 KycKa KorKI,l n nPo'
    iq,erbrx B Hero 34 narroqeK. f,epenaunbre 6^rxfi Ha rlepeKpecrbtx peMHefi Hco-
    6paxarcr ^ocg c +q,ByMsry^oBr,rrgaMa H oÀ,Hofi noBepuyrofi Hasa.q, ro^oBofi co
    BcraBÀeHHbIMH KorranbrMn yruaMn I,r poraMr,r. flportrexyroquble 6^flxlt tr KoHEbr
    rlcaÀHr BbrpesaHbr B Br{À,e naÀbMeroK. Erraxu flepeKpecrlrfi [oKpblTbr 3o^oroM,
    BCe OCTa^bHbIeÀepeBqHHbre yKparueHHg - o^oBoM.
    4. Pu.xuia roHo Ns 9, 16-17 ^er, raKxe onut r1z ^yqrunx, c Ban^ereu-
    HbrM B Kocy xBocroru. Àexarr Ha 6oKy B nepBoM pa4y, Cegrro c raKHM ?Ke IgH-
    roM, KaK u y npe.q,brÀylgero(ra6a. X,2\.Ha cLrHefi sofiÀoqHoË rIoKpbIIrIKeer()
    uso6palneu rurp, rep3aroryr.rfi Mapa^a (psc. 36). I4ao6paxense BblpesaHo HB
    roHKofi Koàrg. Tarp BbrKpaIIIeH B opaHrKeBblfi gaer, AeraÀLt ero nPopHcoBaHbI

    30
    iF

    ilr

    P s c. 11. Ygla N! 5 (peroncrpyxgux).

    Kopltr{HeBofi Kpacrofi. foaosa H KonbITa Mapa^a noKpbITbI 3o^oToM' Bce ocTa^b'


    Hoe - o^oBoM. Frrsxu Ha nepeKpecrbgx peMHefi npeÂcraB^fltor I{306pa?KeHHe
    ro^oBbr ropHoro 6apana c HaKnaÀHbrMIl KolKaHbrMH poraMn. flponlexytorlHble
    1tsxpt oçopM^eHbr B BHÀ,e naÀbMeroK. I-lcaanrl Bblpesaubl B BI4,4,eno^Hofi (pu-
    rypbr cKaqyrgero ropHoro 6apaua. Err.axu flepeKpecrHfi, roÀoBa 6apaHa Hâ rlca'
    ^ULt H OTÀ,e^bHbIer{aCTH npOMe[iyTOqHbtX 6rrAX nOfpUTbI 3O^OTOM,BCe OCTaÀb-
    yKparueHvA_ o^oBoM (ta6a. IX).
    Hbre ,4,epeBflHFbre
    5. Prrxufi xoHr Ns 2. HaxoÀnacs Bo BropoM pflEy. Han6orree nbIIIrHo
    y6paHHnrfi It3 ql,rc^a qerblpex KoHefi aToro px4a. Kportae ceÀ,Àa v y1g.br, À'^t Hero
    no^ofiteHbl MacKa, HaTpuBHLIK Il qexo^ Ha xBocT. Macna c[IHTa I43 To^cTofo
    L Bofi^oKa, floKpbrToro cBepxy Ko]I{efi. Bca nonepxnocTb ee 3aHflra LIso6pa}KeHueM
    : 6opr6rr rrrnpa n MuQutlecKoro qy.4,oBI,IIga,nper4,craBÀeHHoroB BHg,e rHrpa c po-
    I FaMH aHTl{^onbr Ha ro^oBe, c rpuBofi Ha IIIee 14 c nTI4qbI,IMI{KpbI^btMIt Ha n^e-
    I '{ax (ra6^. XIII). (Dr.rrypa ranpa, uao6paxenHoro co cnLIHbt B pacn^acragnoM

    BIrLe, saHI,IMaer Bcro HocoBylo qacrb MacKI4- BBepxy ro^oBa, noKaSaHHag B npo'
    çfl^b n uepe.q,Hve Àaflbl, noMe4galolg?Iecfl HaÀ, r^a3aMl4 KoH8, BHIlsy 3a4HËe

    3l

    i i
    t
    t

    ^arrbr, noMelrJarorgnecâ Ha uepxlrefi ry6e KoHfl flo,q, Ho3.q,p.aMH.I4:c6paxreuHe


    BbIÀo?KeHoÀr4croBbrM goÀoroM c npopucoBauubrMlr r{a HeM uepHofi npacnofi ge-
    TaÀtMIrt. tly4oaulge saHHMaer BepxHrolo r{acrb MacKu a rgeqHbre aonactu. Ono
    Bbrno^Heuo ronrofi,Bepotruo, geeruoft noxrefi. f,erala rroKasanbr BcraBKaMr!
    ÀI{CTOBOIO3O^OTa I{ O^OBa, nOMeIgeHHbIMIl B Cge^aHHbIe g,^E 9TOIO COOTBeT-
    creyrorgefi QopMbr BbrpesKrr. Cruaras orÀe^bHo ris ro^cToro soûr\oKa ro^oBa
    BbrcLrrcfl ua ,r6y roHg. Pora ee, noKpblTble qepeÀyrolgLrwtlcfl. no^ocKaMlr 3o^oTa,
    oÀoBa rr geerHoft Ko?Ku, gaKanqnBarcTc.fi noKpbrrbrMlr Bo^oroM IIrapHKaMrit.fpnea
    cge.'taHa lrs Kpacuoro KoHcKoro Bo^oca. Ha uree rroKaaano nrr.rtrbe onepenue. flo
    6oxant roÀoBbl npr,Iul,rrbr [o4HflTbre BBepx Kpbr^na. Tyrronutge, uao6pa]r{eHnoc
    .r,Balrgbi, BaHuMaer lgequbre Àonacrn MacKH. 3a.4,nue ^anbr rlyg,oBwga yilLt-
    parorct B ero ï{I,rBor. flepegnulaa ^arraMrr qyÀ,oBurge cxBarr{^o sa rop^o rarpa.
    Tarp ugenn^ct By6aML B rpy.4,b qyÀoBurga, a flepe.q,HriMu ^anaMl.t B ero ^o-
    [arKH. [pyruv, coBeplueHHo noBbrM El.fl Hac npe.4,MeroM y6opa xons 6u,r
    Harpr.rBHHK.fpuea KoHs c o6eux cropon o6unra E{e^TbrM eofir\oKor\a s [peBpa-
    Tl{Àacb, TaKEM o6pasou, B n^ornylo, BeprlrKaÀbno crotrgyrc creuKy, Ha Koro-
    pyro z HageBa^cr Harpr.rBnrrK, npeg,craB^rroqufi co6ofi curnrrrfi H3 ro^croro
    eofiaora qexoÀ, o6rnnytafi. rosnofi noxeË rz oropo.reuuorË cBepxy gaauuofi
    6axponroË Hs KpacHoro KoHcroro Bo^oca. Ha 6oxoedx noBepxuocrsx HarpuB-
    HI,rKa, noKpblTblx ^IrcroBbIM o^oBoM, noMergeno no qerbrpe lr3o6pa?Keunt ne-
    ryxa, BbIpeBaHHbIxIlB gBerHofi (?) xoxn, c norpurrofi 3oÀoroM roronofi. Taxxe
    HoBbrM, panee HeIàBBecrHbrMlrpe.4,MeroMy6opa KoHt, .sBÀserc.E KolraHbrfi qexoa
    Ha xBocT B BIrÀ,e rpy6xn, oropoqeHHbrfi cnu:y no,rocxofi cHHero Mexa H 6axpo-
    rrlofi t{e KpacHoro KoHcKoro Bo^oca, cruurrrË H3 y3opHo Bbrpe3aHHbrxKycorrKoB
    KolKIr .4Byx gBeroB. Ce.qao yKpaùreuo cBncatorguMu no 6oran uao6paxeHzalut
    prr6, nrrpenanubrMll zc ror\ctoii Kolr{H H floKpbrrbrMrr no noBepxHocru Àr.rcroBbrM
    o^oBoM n cwtr4w MexoM. K nrraenr.rxaM npaBqsaHrJr Kycor{Kr.r4annuofi daxponau
    Lra Kpacnoro KoHcKoIo Bo^oca. Ha cnnefi eofi.\oqnofi noKpbrruKe ceÂ^a [oMe-
    IgeHbI BbrpegaHHbre ur tonnofi noxa lr:o6paÈ{eHnfl Turpa, Tep3augero Àocfl
    (ra6rr. XI n XII, 4). @urypa rnrpa BbrKpaueua ]ruHepa,rbnofi rpacnoË B ?Ke^-
    rrrfi gner, r4era^H ee HaplrcoBaubr Kopnquenofi xpacxofi. @arypa Àocff noKpbrra
    ÀIrcroBbrM o^oBoM (pnc, 35), Perunn HarpyAHHKa H ysÆbr ynparueubr Ha [epc-
    Kpecrb.gx cKy^bûTypHbrMH lpl4rypKaMH ro^oBbr ropHoro KoBÀa, BbrpesaHHbrMr-r
    nB Tpex c^oeB Ko2ItIr s roKpbrrbrMr{ ^rrcroBbrM 3o^oroM (ra6,r. XII, 3). Ha rpy4n
    noMelga^ocb neo6pameHne Mr.r(pKr{ecKoro op^a c pacnpocreprbrMH KpbrÀbtMrr,
    Bbrpe3aHnoe vz roacroft KoiKLr, nonpurofi ÀHcroBbrM Bo^oroM rr o^oBoM
    (ra6r. Xll, 1 , ?). fo.,roua cHa6mesa BbrcoKr.rMrpe6uenr n BBeprrHbrMr{yûraMrl.
    f,epesaHHrre rrca^uIl ysg,eqKr-ryrpaurenbr Qr,rrypanru rraÀbMeror( Ha Kougax.
    6. Pwxnia rcoHn Ns 4, c zavnzanHbrM y3,roM xBocroM. Àexarr Bo BropoM
    pf,Ày. ceÀÀo, noKpbrroe crrHHM eofirronorr.r, yKparxeHo noxasoË annÀr.rKagr{efi,
    Llso6païraroryefi 6opo6y AByx Kpbr^arbrx rryÀoBrlrg (puc. 26). [erana r.reo6pa-
    ?fieHHfl pacKpaueHbr KpacHofi a xe.,rrofi xpacxofi, floKpbrrbl ^HcroBbrM goÀoror\t

    32
    r

    iil i
    I

    1t
    I
    ll
    1i

    r\

    P s e, 12. Cc4,ro n ys4a Ne 6 (pexoncrpyxgza).

    3 M. |I, fp""no"
    u o^oBoM' HarpyÀ'nux ce,4^a E ysgeqnbre peMHHr.rMerorHa
    flepeKpecrbrx 4epe.
    B.flHnbre6trsxu c aso6paxeunenr Mapa^a (culzpcxuir noÆBH!,6.taropo.4,soro
    oaeu.s), Bbrno^HeHHOedaperroeQno ry^oBnrge Koroporo
    lroBTopeHo4BAï{g,brr Ji;
    a floBepHyra.rrHasaÀ ro^oBa rrcno^HeHanpyr,tofi cnyrrrrirypofi
    r.r cna6xeHa srr-
    pesaHHbIMHr.rs Kolr(E pofaMu 14 yrrraMa (ra6a. XlV,
    2, 3). yluolpi.xreurn,
    IoKpbrrbr no BceË noBepxHocrr,rBo^oroM. B npomexyrKax MelKcq,y
    raxuug 6,rr, l

    xaMH noMergenrr 6asxu c Hs.dpalKeHHeM


    ÂByx Mapa^oB, odpargeuHrrx oprcxorr 1

    Àpyr K gpyry, noKpbrrbreo^oBoM (ra6a. xlv, 4r. flca.,urn rpeÀ,craB^rrcr co6oË


    |lr
    Qurypy cKaqyrgefo MapaÀa (ra6,r. xlv, /). frepe4Haa no^oBr{Haero roxpbrra i
    go^oroM, Bap.Hfl * o^oBoM" Kpyrauû naa.o6sax
    uoKpbrr 3o^oroM.
    7. Kogr N9 6, 10 ^er, HeonpegeaeuuoùMacr',
    oor*..o r{ rHeÀ,ororo'a"
    Àexaa B rperbeM pa4y. cegao (ra6,r. xvl), .ronporro. KpacHbrMeoËaoxo14,
    yKpaureHo nao6paxeuue[.r ME(pHqecKoroop^a,
    cxBargBllrero Korr.fiMr.I ^ocrr
    (puc. 36). Hso6paxreu'e Bbrpe'a'o us ro'Kofi
    xoxa r.r no.pbrro oaosov. fro
    6oxau ceÀ^a no.4,BerrreHbr uso6paxeHur ro^oBbr a'rponoMoplpuoro qyr4oBlzrga, li;
    Bbrpesa'Hbrea3 À,Byxc^oeB TOHKOËnoxn. or4eaourre
    .q,era^r{ naodpaxeuua
    noKpbrrbr o^oBoM' Boaocrr cg,e^aHbrr.rs KpacHoro KoHcKoroBo^oca.
    LÏeo6pan<e-
    HIlt noÀBe[JeHbrK Ce4Ày BHr.I3rOrrosoû. G npanoû cropoHbr cer4,Àa
    noÀBellteH
    Ha peM'e rgur, nogo6H'Ë 4eyrr.rnpeÀ,brÀ,yrgar'r (ra6rr. X, /).Ha rgzre Àer*a^o
    elge ogHo r'rsoopaxeHuero^oBbr aHrpofloMoptpuoroqy4oBrrrga
    c ,cHo noKasaH- I t

    HbrMIzgBepnrrbrMkporaMw u yuuav,u,TaKlr{eBbrpegauuoeHB Kolltu,


    Ho 6ec Kon_
    cKoro Bo^oca (ra6,r. XVII, 2). HaryygHrK ceÀ,ÀaH ys4er{Ka yKparueHbrgepe_
    BflHHbrMr.r 6,'nxarvm,Bbrpe3anHbrMr{ B BhÀ,ena^bMeroK (ra6a. XV), Baa 6t,nxtr
    rloKpbrrbr o^oBoM. TOAnno KpyrÀat 6aaxa-saao6HuK H r{acrr.r
    naÀbMeroK HA
    lrca^Hrx z 6a.axax Ha nepeKpecrbtx peM'eË noxporr:nr3.ÀoroM.
    8. fHegofi ( ? ) r<onr Ns 7, 9 ^er, c saBssa'HbrMy'^o' xBoc.r.oM.
    Àexaa
    B TperbeM pn4y. ceÀao c rroKpbrrûrofi Hs Ere^roro eofiaoKa yKpa'reHo
    aeo6pa-
    rKeHr{qMH ro^oBbr ropHoro dapaHa ro rrerbrpec xaxÀ,oii cropoHbr (plc.33,
    l).
    Izleodpaxeuur Bbrpesanrrng rouKofi Kolna H noKpbrrbr o^oBoM. flo 6orcau
    ceÀrra
    Kolr{aHbreIIof4,BecK[r,TaKXe nro6paxarorgze ro^oBy ropHoro 6apaHa.
    onn
    cIrIIrrbI us geetnofi Kon{I{, MecraMHrlorpbrrofi oaoeolr, u oroporreHbrno,tocnoË
    cHHero Mexa s oaxporuofi as KpacHoro KoHcKoro EoÀoca (puc. 34). Ha nepe-
    Kpecrbrx peuHefi Harpy.4HlrKaw yÙilbr nparuHTbr 4,epeB.flHHbre 6J.Âxtr,ulo6pa-
    xarcrgue ro^oBy a'rporroMoplpnoro qyr4,oBarga.B npor'rexyTKax Me?KÂ,yHr{M?r
    6.n,sxuc pacr're^bHbrM opHaMeHToM.Bce ÀepeaaH'bre yKparrJeunapenrueË
    no-
    Kpbrrbr o^oBoM. Torrrxo a60r aurponoMop(pHbrxrryÀ,oBnrgro3o^oqeHbr.
    9. P.'*'ufi xo'r, Ns 1, 10*11 aer, o4un r.rs^yquax no cBoeMyaKcrepbepy.
    Àexarr B nepBoMpa'y. Ha ceÀ,Àe,'o o6eunr cropo'aM HalJr4roua xpacuyro nofi- I-
    ÀoqHyrofloKpbrrrrKyno gBa aso6paxeuaq ro^oBbr rl4rpa c poraMa aH.raÀoflb,Ha
    ,r6y, arrpeaanHbrx r{3 roHnoË Koï{rl H floKpbrrbrxo^oBoM(puc.33,2).IIo 6onana
    ce4aa 6oauruue IIoÀBecKHr.r3ToÀcroro sofiaoxa, rroKpblîbregneruoË xoxefi, so-
    ^oroM s o^oBoMa nso6paxarorgneprr6y, cxBarEBrrryrc ro^oBy ropHoro 6apaua

    ,j4
    t-:;

    g.l"

    t;/

    Prc. 13. Co,4ro n ys4a Ne 7 (pexoncrpyngar).

    3*
    It''

    r.i

    Frrc. 14. Ce4,ro a ys4a Ne 8 (pexoncrpyxgua).


    P a c. 15. Co4.rrou ys6a ]û 9 (pexoncrpyxgna).

    i,
    I
    ii
    j

    ir
    "1.
    *r

    (6 Ay
    \=o
    :((
    ll
    il* f
    À\\

    P s c. 16. Kosr s y6ope Ne 10 (pexoncrplrgr.ra).

    (ta6a. XVII, /).{epeanHHrte 6rtflxlt, pacno,'\ox{eHHbleHa nepeKpecrbtlx peM'


    ueft, aeo6parfiaror Mr-r+nrrecKoro opÀa, pacnpocreproe ry^oeulge Koroporo c o.4-
    uofi aanofi nocpeÂr,rue r{cno^HeHo 6apearetpon, a noBepuyraq Hasag, ro^oBa co
    sBepilHbrMn y[raMa rr BblcoKHM ay6uatuu rpe6Hena- rpyraofi cryrrrnrypofi
    (ta6rr. ){^){., I ). Hu Harpy.q,Hr4KeMelr{Ày raKHMn 6aqxaNaa noMelgeubl 6t.r'xtr,
    EbrpeoaHubre B BHÀe naÀbMeroK, KaK Ha cegae Ne 7, a na ysge - 6,.gxu c I'Iso,
    6paxeuHenr ro^oBbr ropHoro 6apaua B nacru xHlgHHKa (ra6a. XX-, 2'), f]ca,rnn

    38
    P nc, 71, Ygga Ns 10 (pexoucrpyxgar).

    y3À,bl saKaHqnBarcTct ro^oBaMLI Ml,r@nqecKoro op^a c ay6qarbIM rpe6HeM


    (ra6rr. XX, -3, 4). Toarno y eroro KOHa y,4u^a y3À,eqKn 6pouaorue, y Bcex
    ocra^bHbrx - à{e^e3Hbre.
    10. Puxnfi ronr Ns 10, crapnre 20 m, caMblfi ^yqrullfi no eKcrepbepy.
    Âexaa B nepBoM pflEy H r.rue,r.naa6o^ee nblutHblfi y6op. Macna, clul4rat rar
    rre, KaK û onacaHnar nog, Ne 5, 6uaa no vnoMy oçopM^eHa (ta6a' XXIII u
    png. 38). Ha uoaoCrr, noKpbrBatorgefi nocoeyrc qac'I'b MacKH, noMeIgeHO I'I3o-
    6paXenlle Tnrpa, TaKoe 2Ke, KaK !I Ha nepnofi MaCKe, HO C.q,e^aHHOeLt3 ClIHero
    Mexa, Ha IIoBepxHocrI,I KoTOpOro npLIK^eeHbI KpylKKIr H3 TOHKOTOeO^OTa. Ha
    ,roduofi rracTlr MacKn BbIcÂTct orpoMuble pola o^eHt, cIIrHTbIe B HaTypa^bHylo
    Be^nrrnHy LrB To^crofi KorfiH. OrpocrKa poroB, KaK y MapaÀa, HanpaB^enbl Bne'
    pe.4, oT ocHoBHoro cTeplKHt, Ho Ha KoHgax cBol4x pa3BeTB^flrcTc.fi, KaK eTO xa-
    paKrepHo ,4,Àq ceBepHoro o^eHt. Kongol orpocrKoB HMeIor QopMy Tpy6oqeK'
    B KoTopbre BcraB^eHbI flyqKlr KpacHoro KogcKoro BoÀoca, f]o scefi cBOefi no'

    39
    BepxHocln pora o6raHyrrr ronroË, BeporrHo, rpacnofi Kolnefi c Qr,rrypnrruû
    npopes.gMlr, noKpbrrbrMH ^r4croBbrM o^oBoM, a B ÀByx Mecrax - 3oÀoroM. Tanofi
    x{e rexHr,IKofi errno,\ÊreH 14 opHaMeHT Ha rgerrHbrx no^ocrtx MacKLt. HarpneHun
    no4o6eu [epBoMy, onHcaHHoMy Bblrue, ToÀbKo aeo6paxeHnr qeryxoB Hacro^bKo
    crITÀHSOBaIrbr, qro, He sHas roo6paxeHnË nepeoro HarprrBHnKa, Tpy.4,Ho
    6uao 6r,r ltx ysnarb (ra6,r. XVII,3). fpnea eroro KoHs BaKpen^eHa oÀ,HrlM
    KycKoM eofiaona, c^o)KeHHbrM rroflo^aM no .4^r{He. t{exoa Ha xBocr no
    eopMe
    no4o6en nepBoMy, Ho yKparrren Àpyrr{M ygopoM. CeÀ,,to c roKpbrrrrKofi rpacnoro
    gBeTa yKpalueno uso6paxeHlltMH TI,Irpa, BbrpesaHHbrMr.rr.r3 Kolt{tl n rroKpbrrblMfi
    o^oBoM (pwc,33,3), n ceucarcrgr.rMuno 6oran orpoMnbrMn, 6orree rvrerpa 4aa-
    uofi, aao6pall{eHllrMll Tlrrpa tre c poraMl4 aHTnÀorrbr, À^HHHbTMHyruaMrr vr Bbt-
    corofi rpunoË, crul4rorr.fii r.r3 KpacHoro sofiaoxa (ra6a. XXII). lreratn r{so6pa-
    x{eHl,rq noKasaHbl HarrrHTbrMIt KycoqKaMr.I tonxofi, noxpurofi o^oBoM, Ko}Kr.r.
    fpuna cg,e^ana Hs Kpacnoro KoHcKoro BoÀoca. flepexpecrnn peuHefi Harpyg-
    HLIKa H ysÀ,br yKparrjeHbr g,epeB"rrHHblME
    d/.nxarvw, aeo6paxarcrgr.rMH ro^oBy rop-
    uoro 6apaua c poraMn, BbrpesaHHbrMnns Kolr{lr (ra6a. XXI, 4). Ha narpy4-
    HI{Ke MerKÀ,y 9THMH 6rr.gxaua noMergeHbr erge 6rraxn c nao6paxeHH€M foÀoBbl
    ropHoro 6apana B nacra xl,trgHvKa, TaKHMT{ }rçe, KaK Ha y3Àe npeg,brgylgero
    xon.t. flcaauù yzp,br fionpblTbr ^lrcroBblMso^oroM, ToÀbKo Ha nca^Htx H Ha
    6a.sxax neperpecrnfi MopÀbr 6apaHa noKpbrrbr o^oBoM, a r^asa H Bcfl ocra^b-
    Haa qacrb aao6paxeuur - so^oronn, K erolry ua6opy orHocurcq r,r uarreHrr<aii
    6nq c o6r,ssyrofi ronxofi xoxefi pynoarxofi.
    Gpeax flpea,MeroB, norpe6euurrx B Mor'^e BMecre c KorrtMH, Haxo.ql,tÀLlcb
    erge g,Ba, npr.rHa.q,^e?KHocTb KoTopbrx K onpeÀeÀeHHoMy KOM[^eKry CHapg]r(e-
    srfi xong .u,ocroBepno He ycrauaBÀHBaerc.q -_ aro MexoBat eaara H ûrexosofi
    2ile Har^yxo saillilrurfi Dleruor{eK H^l,r rlo.4yrue,{xa. cpr\sra ^e?Ka^a Me2KÀ,y cer4,-
    tarru 3 n 4. Oua crrura B BH{,e uaocxofi lyru,.u (ra6a. XXIV). EoKoerre
    n 3aÆHflA clopoHbl ee CIIJI4TbIHs y3Kax no^ocoK MeJa renapr4,a, cHflToro c ero
    ÀaII' a ÀI{geBaff rr3 ySopHbrx pou6aroa, BbrKpoeHHbrx u3 cuHero r.r 2Ke^Toro
    Mexa, npI4qeM QHrypKI4, BbIpeSaHHbre r{3 CHHHX pOnr6arcoe, BcraB^eHbI B ï{eÀ-
    rrre pou6urn a nao6opor. flogyrueqKa Haxog,H^acb oKoÀo ce.q,aa Ns 4. Bepx-
    H.st qacTb ee cÀeÀaHa H3 Mexa c ro^oBbl renapÀa' c KycoqKaMI{ TKaHLI, BCTâB-
    ^eHHbIMII B OTBepCTI,Lfir^a3, HltltlH.fl.g culllTa Il3 KycOqKOB KOII{E C BblrrIHTbIMI.I
    ua nefi cnoco6onl aun^aKagun crz^HsoBaunoruu nao6pazle:awfl,MvrroÀoBbt ^ocr,
    ga.4H.frgHg KycKa raa4xofi xoxu. 3ta noiq,yûreqKa, H^rr Meiuoqex, 6rraa Hano^-
    HeHa I'r3Me^br{eHHbrMlrrracrsMu IIÀoÀoB H BerOqeK ÀHKopacryrgux pacteunfi.
    'd)

    II
    KYÀbT:/PA NASbIPbTKCKOTOIIAEMEIII{

    t{ro6rr noÀyrrûTb ap::eo^(rrririecrurii Ivtarepr{a^, llocraroquorË À,^fl ycraHon-


    ^eHI,Ir ocnoBnrrx oco6ensocrer? Ky^brypbr H ?r{H3Hri ranoro-ax6o À,peBHero n^e-
    naeHa, odrluuo rpe6yercr nponsBecrl,r pacKonKn ocrarKoB HecKoÀbnux Mecr
    coreH fiorpe6eauit, npHHa.4Àe]Kargux pacHbrnr o6Ige-
    nocerrenuii, (q,ecqrKoBr.r.q,alKe
    cTBeHHbrM CÀO'M fl3yqaeMoro n^eMeHn, pacno^araTb Marepua^oM Ii ÀpyrHx
    BosMot{Hbrx nailrfiTHIIKoB. f,axe flpa grr.rx yc^oBu.flx HeKotopbre ocuoB}rbre
    Borrpocbr ocrarorc.sc,ra6o urrz coBceM He ocBergeuubrMrr. rlaalrpuixcxoe N{e
    notpe6eHne, oÀHor JLaÀo 'ranoft o6u,r,ruufi n paluoo6paenrrrfi uarepua.À, Bcecro-
    ponne u no^Ho ocBergarorguË sy,rrrypy ocraBuBrr]ero ero [^eMeHH, qro no^b'
    3y.flcb ro^bKo HM, Kaprr{Hy x{rlsuri panlrrrx KoqeBnr4l(oB Aa'rag Mo}t(Ho npe4-
    craBzrb B ocHoBnbrx cBorrx qeprax 6oaee noÀHo, lreM aro BosMo)Kr{o rq,Àfi pr.4,a
    4pyrnx pafionoe, apxeo^oraqecnr.re naMtrHHKu (oropbrx orxpbrrbr r! sHaqvre^b-
    HOM KO^nqeCTBe.
    Mexgy reM erge He.q,aBlro y Hac 6oriro pacnpocrpaHeno ûpe.4,craB^eHl4(;l
    o 6orarrtx norpe6euuax naeuessofi srrarn KaK o naM.rrrHriKax cogpla^brrofi eep-
    xyruKl4 o6rgecraa, ocBergarcrglrx ^lrrJrb oco6enuocrpr Ky^brypbr Bbrctuux c^oeB
    o6rgecrna rr Hrrqero He roBoprlgzx o6 ocnosubix npoprsBoÀ,rrre^tx, o rex, qblrMn
    pyKaMIT coaÀ,aHbr norpe6enunre c yMeprrrr.rMBergx, nocrpoeno cÀozKHoe Mofl{^b-
    Hoe coopyrreur{e, Bos,4Brrrnyr r(yprair. Taxofi, B KopHe HenpaBu^bHrrfi, nar.rra4
    Ha cnatreuue 6orarrrx Molr{Ho Bcrperrrrb n cefiqac cpe4?I HeKoro-
    norpe6erufi
    pbrx apxeo^oron. TanofiBsrÀffg fiB^fferc.fi c^eÀcrBneM ga6eeHr.Ig K^u Herronlt-
    MaHI4r o.4,Hofo rf3 ocnoBnbrx no^olreHufi naapxcncrcKo-^eHngcnofi gua,'renrnnn,
    /cTôHâBr\PIBârOrgeË, rrTo BCe npe(4,MeTbrvr flp.6eif.vlfl.KAK B rrpripo.q,e, TaK z e o6rge-
    cTBe cocTaB^troT egr,IHoe ae^oe, B3aI,rMHo cBfl3aHbr, SatsBcrrT .q,pyr oT .q,pyra
    lr o6yc^oB^I.rBaror À,pyr Àpyra. EcaH aagaua Hcroprzna Horefitugx snox 3aKÀIo-

    17
    qaerct, r^aBHbIM o6paaolr,t, B ToM, qtodrr ycrauoBuTb cnaen HayuaeÀaux ggaeHËË
    u o6'oncgurb lrx, To l,rcropllK-apxeo^or, Hao6opor, g,o^txen, rro^b3yr{cb gHaHLIeM
    gaKoHoMepHoctefi csgceË rr,rexgy fipeg,MeraMlr vr flF.Jre:f'vrflMlr,BoccraHoBr.rrb lro
    HeMHOllrM, I4Merorgr.rMcgB elo pacllop.rr2KeHl,Il4npe.4,MeTaM, XapaKTep ÂpyrH:(
    HecoxpaHr,rBrrrnxcq npe.qMeroB, xapaKTep LrHTepecyrcrgnx ero asaeHr,rfi o6rge-
    creeHHofi i{rasnr.r r-rcc.,regyenrofignoxu, BoccranoBlrrr o6qyrc Kaprr4ny KyÀb.r'ypbr
    arofi enoxn. kleyuaa pasHoo6pasHbre ^ o6n.,uHue Marepva^br 6oraroro norpe-
    6eHuq eo Bcex ris cBtgsx r,r o6ycrroarreguocrrj, !rc?KHo no^yr{r.rrb npeA,craB^eurle
    He ro^bKo o 6rtte cognaar'Hofi Bepxyllrnr.r o6rgecrea Ha rrprrMepe norpe6enuorr-r
    HO rr O TeX, qbvMt4 pyKaMn cos4aHo Bce Hôxofifr.
    B MOrH^e ee npeg,cTaBlJTer'.fi.,
    rgeect B MorIT^e - o6 ocnonHblx, TpygoBbrx c^ogx Hace^eHnr, o BceM [^eMeHtI
    IJ ge^oM. Oco6ennoctv rexur,tKrz, xogsficrsa u 6atta Bcero n^eMenrr B ge^oM,
    c^oà{IlBllrldxct
    B HeM npolzsrogcrBenubrx oruorlreuuË rz o6rgectnennoro crpor,
    ero cesseË c ÀpyrrrMlr 6rrneKr,IùrHrz g,a^eKnMr,rr^eMeHaMH, oco6ennocra *ruu-
    leun A, MHpoBo33pel{u.r, pe^Hnl4osHbrx ûpe.4,craB^eHwit, uso6 p azu re^bHoro A cKyc-
    crBa - Bce aro Haur^o cBoe orpa?Keuae B Haxo.qKax l-Iaerrpuncnoro KypraHa,
    BCe TO MOIIçer 6nrtn soccraHoBÀeHO 6O.ree uau MeHee rro^Ho, c roË ztu wuof
    creneHbro rorrHocrH r.r .q,ocroBepHocrl,r,Bor noqeMy npe.4,craB^.fiercfl HrrrepecHbrM
    B HaCTOqIgeMOqepKe Ha npuMepe llaarrprrncnoro KypraHa noKasarb, KaK MHOro
    MOXter g,arb A^t Idcropltzr 4peBHefo o6rgecrna BcecropoHHee HsyqeHr{e oa,Horo,
    Kasa^ocb 6u orpaunueHHo, oÂ,HocropoHHe r.r .flKo6rl HcKa2KeHHOOTpazKarcrgero
    4eficrnntearHylo à{Irsub naM.flTHHKa,KaK B oruocure^bno HeMuorr{x nergax 6ora-
    roro norpe6eHHff npeÀcraBllreÀ.q naelressofi sHarlr Haru^r4 cBoe orpaà{eHl{e Bce
    ocnoBubre oco6esnocrn 4eËcreurearuofi xagur.I Bcero nÀeMeHH B Ee^oM.
    Her conrHesHs, qTo MHofIze ua6rrrcëeHr,ra, c4e^aHHbre TO^bKO nO MaTepr4A,
    naru llaauprrrKcKoro KypraHa, erge He.q,ocraroqHbr .q^t oKoHr{are^bHoro yrBep-
    xÀ,euu.fl Toro ItÀr.I Hnoro no^oï{envlfl, u rpe6yrcr
    4,ono^Hr,ITe^nnrrx ua6.tro,4,eurafi
    rlo MaTepr{a^aM À,pyrHx uaMtrTHr,IKOB.B page c^ytraeB cavrn ua6rrro Ee:fi]g.fiMor^r4
    6urr, cge"rraHbr ro^bKo npr4 conocraB^e'Hr{ Maîepga^oB flaeurpuncxoro Kyp-
    laua c Marepna^aMr.r Âpyrux Haxo.q,oK. Iloaronry rrpeÀ,craB^.fieMafl sÀecb Kap-
    TprHa Ky^brypbl paHHITx KoqeBHuKoB Aarar, xor.fl I.t À,aerc.fi ÀHrxb B ToË Mepe,
    g xarofi oHa ocBergaercg Mareplra^aMa flaarrpuxcnoro KypraHa, Ho MarepHa^br
    eTIr paccMaTplrBa[oTct He I43o^HpoBaHHo or À,pyrHx HgBecTHbIx naM.fiTHaKoB,
    a BcerÀa c no^HbIM IiX yr{eTOM, B COnOCTaB^eHHUC HITMI'I.
    B liaaupuxcKoM Kypra'e, KaK y',r4rLr'- Har*e, norpe6en n,reueuuofi nox4rr,
    a 6ovrourag qacrb conpoBo?KgarcIgnx ero eergeË noguecerra eMy or po.4op^agbrx
    ero n^eMeHr{. floeronay BoccraHaB^r.IBaeMar HaMIi IIo HaxoÂKaM KypraHa Ky^b-
    Typa xapaKTeptrsyer co6ofi npexge Bcero ro n.ÀeMs, Koropoe Mbr ycÀoBr.rMcâ
    HaSbIBaTb naSblpbIKcKI.rM.
    Flasrrprrxcnoe ''ÀeMr saHrirMaÀo, BepotrHo, To^bKo He6orroruyro qacrb
    Arrtag. Hgsectqrre HaM naMtrHriKri nogBo^rror rrpeÀrro^atarb, rITo ocra^bl{bre
    rlacrl4 ropHoro A"nraa u Tyea 6rrtaH gace,,reHbr
    .q,pyrrrMu n^eMeHaMti, po.4,crBeH-
    I
    42
    HbrMn no Ky^bType C nAgbIpbIKCKI{M U' 6rttr UoXeT' COCTaB^tBIIrnMn BMeCTe
    c HgM oÀHo IIo^HTItqecKoe o6begI,IHeHHe. He.q,octatO'Igag elge uSyqeHgocTb
    apxeoÀorgrrecKgx naMflTHItKoB lOxnoft Cu6uptt' He [o3Bo^ÂeT 6orree roquc)
    KoqeBHn'
    onpe.4,e^Hrb rpaHl{gbl pacce^eHas a^TaficKofr rpynnbl n^eMeH paHHHx
    KoB. Moxino ^Klrrb oTMeTI,tTb, qTo Ha ceBepo-BocToKe ogu oTge^s^Hcb A6aKaH-

    çKHM tr GaqgcxrîNr ropgbrMl xpe6TaMr.r or MKHycI,IHcKoË rpynnbl flo^yKoqeBblx

    rr^eMeH c xapaKrepHofi Ky^bTypofi, Ha ceBepe oHH rpaHqql.I^r4 C OceÀ,^blMI{


    n^eMeHaMU Bepxnefi o6a, Ha Sanag,e I4 IO1O'
    3eM^eÂ,e^bqecKo-c6oroBo,4qecKr,rMr.I
    3ana.4,e c KoqeBbrMq flÀeMeHaMI,IcTenei KagaxCraHa' nOqTI'I cOEceM H€ It3/9€H-
    COCTABAqBIUHMI' I'IHYIO' OTANIIHYTO IIO K}ÂT:'
    HbIMI'T, HO, NO I,IMETIgI,IMCff .q,AHHbIM'
    n^eMeH. Kaxg,ag r43 gTlrx rrerbrpex gTHI{qecKHX
    Type or a^TaficKofi, rpynny
    rpynn, npI,I Ha^HqI{Id HeKoTopbtx o6lgax qepT Ky^bTypbl' oTrIeT^I{Bo oT^I'IqaeTCfl
    o.q,Ha or Â,pyroË. floaroruy Ha6^rogeHHt Ha.4' oco6eHHocrtMH Ky^brypbl lra3bl-
    pbr6cKoro n^eMegrr xapaKrepl,rcyroT co$ofi B sgaql{Te^bHofi Mepe a Ky^bTypy
    Bcefi rpynnbl n^eMen paHHI4x KoqeBHI'IKoBAaraq u Tyen, Ho He Mory'r 6bITb
    pacnpocTpaHeHbl Ha Àpyrae rpynnbl n^eMeH. He urt'res noKa Apyroro, 6o^ee
    yÀ,ar{Horo, HaHMeHoBaHru.s,!,^fl. o6o3natleuu.fi a^TaficKofi rpynnbl n^eMeu' 6y4elt
    HaSbIBaTb IIX B A,a^IrHefiruenapaHHI{MH KOtIeBHIaKaMUArrrag'
    Bpervra coopyiKeHr,rs flaerrporncxoro KypraHa noKa He MolKer 6urr' onpe6e-
    ^eHo ToqHo. .flcuo ,tr.IErur,qTo oH npHHaA,Àe?fiHTK Toft rpynne naMffTHHKoB Ha
    Arrae, Roropble orHocsrct Ko BpeMeHn c V no III en. Ào H' e' Kypraurr
    1ô e KrlsnI:r-Ey:ryre 1?
    n Aparo.,re r-r Tyaxte Ha A^rae, n Typane r Tyre,
    a raKï(e nepBbrfi r,r Bropofi Kypragbl e flasuputtte coBepIIIeHHo He Co.4ep2rar
    B ce6e Bergeft KrrràficKoro nponcxolr{AeHvrfl. rru?! orpaï{alolgax KaK[Ie'^I{6o KI'Irafi-
    cKlre B^ItsHat, rITo raK xapaKTepHo .4^-fl naMflTHLtKoB A,ttax, Har{EHafl co II s.
    1lo H. 3. v.4nrra, nca^Hu, sep6a^a I'I HegoTopble .4,pyrlre upe.4,MeTblpaHHe-cKH(p-
    gTana
    cnl{x TlrnoB, HaxoÀ,uMble B KyplaHax [per4,IIIeCTByIOIgero,MafigMnpgKofo'
    r.r Aarr{pyeMbre BpeMeHeM He no3ï{e Haqa^a V s. go H. e,, B Kypragax nasblpblK'
    cKoro eTana saMeHeHbI H6BbIMH apopMaMfi. flocnoanny r flaauputtcKoM Kyp-
    raHe, KaK yBIIELIM HHlKe, npn Ha^Irr{uu tcHo npoc^e}KI4BAeMbIXKy^bTypHblx cBt'
    seË c HapoëaMn CpeÀ,HeË AsHIr w klpaua axeMeHgg,cKoro BpeMeHI'IorcyrcrBytor
    KaKI.re-^H6oyKaBaHH.flHa cBssLI c rpeKo-6aKrpgficKofi Ky^brypoË, Mox{Ho no^a-
    rarb, qro oH coopyt(eH pagee III e. Ao n. e. HanfoÀee Bepotrgofi g,atofi ero
    c^eg,yer cqllrarb IV e. go H. 4., Ho He V, raK KaK B noc^e.4geM c^yqae Ha6^rc'
    qTo
    lta^acb 611 6o"trrruas 6^tagocTb ero K naM.flTHHKaM MafigMl,IpcKoro eTafla'
    rtoKA He oTMeqae1cq. f,af o1oHuaTe^bHoro peuleHng Bonpoga o Tôt{Hofi .4,aTI'I'
    poBxe flasbrpbrKcKoFo KypraHa Heo6xog,HMo HaKon^eHI,Ie HoBbIx Marepil a^oB'
    BoauoxHo, qro 3HarIItTe^bHyIo noMotgb B groM oTHoIIIeHan Moxer oKa3arb
    Ha 6pennax Its Morn^bHorÔ coopy}I{eHlrt.
    H3yqeHûe roAITrIr{bIX Ko^eg rq,peBeel,IHbr
    18 Ho rellepb Bno^He BosMolltgo' 'raK KaK
    3ro ne yg,a^ocb c(q,e^arb s 1929 r.,
    uMeercs o6lr^bHblfi .4peBecHblfi Marepl4a^ I'I3 qerblpex 6augxltx IIo BpeMeHI'IKyp'
    raHoB B flasupHre.

    43

    ll
    Texnnna

    r{eaeso 6nr,ro xopouro rr3Becruo nasbrpbrKcKoMy n^eMenr,r. Yaaaa .qeBrrl,r


    y3À'eqeK uB EecflTvr 6rt,rlr ettKoBaHbl r{s }fie^esa. Ho ncerrego, Beporrgo, elge
    BbIcoKo geHH^ocb, t4 Izs Hero A,e^a^rzcb, 6rrrr uoxet, . To^bKo opynçne H Berglr
    Â"tx 6orarofi n,reuesnoË a po4onori 3HarH, a opyglrs xoasficreeHgoro Hasgalre-
    Hnt ocraBa^acn 6pousoertun. HeygLrBHTe^bHo nogroMy, qro rBoB.4,H,KoropbrMr{
    npn6ur eofiaon K creHaM cpy6a, 6nran ne ïie^egubrMa, a MeÀHbrMH n .q,epeBqH-
    HbrMH, ronop rpa6areaefi .6u,t 6ponaonnrfi. floan4nuouy, H Bce rolopbr crpor.r-
    rerrefi xypraHa rolKe 6nrrrn 6ponsoBbre, TaK KaK ^egBlirfl ux, cyp,^ no cÀeÂ,aMHx
    pa6orol, 6uau cnrrnuo :aay6pennr. Ha Arrrae npoacxoÀ,r.rr nocreneHHas saMeHa
    dpoHaoentx opyguir x{e^eBHbIMIl, TorÀa KaK cKzebr fJo4neupoerx n Ky6ann yxe
    s vl e. &o H. L no^Hocrbro nepe''^u ir yuorpe6ae*zro lfie^eoHnrx opygnfi.
    Muuycancnue û^eMeua H, rro cBnrq,er€Àbcrg] fepoÂora (V e. ao H. a.), Macca-
    rerbr B Cpe4neû AcHrî nor\rcoBaincb erge 6poneoBbrMr4 opyïrwew pr opyg,r,rrMn.
    Gaegri pa6oru roflopoM ua 6penuax n À,epeB.EH'brxHsÀ,e^Hrx noKasbrBaror,
    tITo gro 6or.,ru rrraaenbKue ^erKr.re opygprtl c ^esBneM ruzpnuoir
    e 45-56 MM
    (6 onpeÀ,e,\enafi). Kerrrr Hacal*riBa^cs Ha pyKorrKy ra*, qro ocb ero or*^o-
    Hff^acb He K pyKe pa6orarolgero, a or nee. Taxnm ronopoM pa6oralu, BH4HMo,
    cn^erra' a He R ^oKre. Pa6ora 6r,r,ra. rpy4oenanofi. flpr.r nepepy1asuz 6peeeH
    n nrepÀefi npaxo.4*r^oc:o uanpy1arr> Ilx c HecKo^bKrrx cropoH Lt sareM nepeÀaMbr-
    Barb. KoHgor 6penen noeroMy ràMeror o6rrqno napaulr4a-,trHrrfi o6py6
    B, 3-4 rpaHr'r u nepe^oM^e'Hyro cepggeenuy. Ha À,epeB,r*Hbrx rzsge^r4.flx, npfi-
    BeseHHbrX Ae flaetrpurKa, y4,a^ocb ycîaHoBr4Tb IrO xapaKTepy pacllo^o2Kel{us
    IIrrpI{xoB or saay6pnu Ha ^esBplH c^eÂbr 12 raxnx rorlopoB, npIILIeM OKasaÀOCb,
    rrro Ko^oÂa o6pa6arrrnaÀacb ÂByMr{ TorropaMl,I, c^eÀopare^bno -- geymx pa6o-
    Tarorg?rMrr,a KpbrrrrKa ee -_ TpeTbr.rMToIIopoM,
    Kponae rorropa, 'raKïre a rec^o, npeg,craBÀttolgee
    ynotpe6rraaocL' co60Ë
    ranoË xe Ke^bT, Ho Haca?KeHn4Ë ran, r{ro .Àe3Bqe ero 6trao nep11eg4,Lt6y^spgo
    0crr pyKo.rrrr'r, Ha xo,roge ocraB^eHbr c^eÂbr pa60rrr ,4ByMr rec,\aMri -- oÀHo
    c ^esBI'reM ruzpnnofi v 37 I/.w, gpyroe e 38 iôr. Oreepcrr.ra Ha oAHoM spMe r.r
    Ha 60Kosofi nrepi4,Hap6nr npopy6,tenu .4,oÀoroM c ^e3Br.reM ruupanofi e 11.5 ruu,
    a Ha ÀpyroM rpMe -- uapnnofi e 13 MNa. fipanrorrrr g,oÀoroM nrrpy6a.,rHcr, xar<
    npffMoyro^bHbre, TâK H Kpyr^bre oTBepc?rTr.
    C.le6rr pa6orr,r ûrH^oM, Nr,tofi n npoBeprKofi ne flosBo^s]or ycraHoBarr,
    oco6egnocts arrlx opy4rzfi. Horm, cyÀ,.ffno cÀe{4,aMero pa6orrr Ha Mrroroqnc-^err-
    I{bIx .4epeBflHHblx,a raKxie KoxaHblx a eoËr\oqHnlx Hgiq,e^ntx, 6rr,r ro Bcex c^y-
    qaffx c np.fiMbrM ^e3BLreM.
    .{axe uerrnpre ÀepeBsrrHbte xyg,oà{ecrBeuubre [r34,e^nq
    BblpeSaHbr np.fiMblM HolKoM.
    O rexuraxe o6pa6orrn ?fie^ega Mox(Ho ^I{[rb cKagarb, qro KygHegbr lrasbr-
    pbrKcr(oro rt^eMeHa yMeÀH XoeKofi BbrrârnBarb g,^r.rggbre crep]Ë,HI,I, sarg6arb nx

    44
    r I
    I
    I

    --l
    r '---'---
    P u c. 18, Àqrofirl,rc (p(rpnr'I (pexorrcrpyr5uâ) .lÀfl rsos.'1'cii H yÂll^'
    /-çopma,rt"\t rûo9ÀÂB ÀÀa rrcPoororloual 4-(l)olMa,'!r nltlP('r'1J
    Partpcsc;2-ygnta;.î-qropma
    sBCMi B Pa3PCse; ,l - rÛ '(C, lrllctr'tllitr Dû4t

    !.t, cBapnBas Kor{gbr, noryqarb gaMKHyrble rIeTÀI,t. Tan ngrotoBÀflÀItcb y.4,}rÀa'

    Sna.rnr Kysgegbr Mor^u KoBarb opy/urfl II é'lpyr[e vt:.$e^wtr pacHblx QopM.


    EpOtrsonrte I{BÀ,e^!Is oTÀnBa^Hcb pa3}tblMl4 cnoco6aMl{. B naxogrCax nyp-
    raHa npe,4,craBÀeHbr ABA. Ir7.fl OTIITBKII rBO34eû, KaK 06 STOM MO?KHOCy,4'LITb
    11o xapa6Tepy r4x nOBepxHOCTIt u pacflo.^o]KeHl4lo ÀHTefiHbIx tuBoB, B KycKe
    rÀLrHbr oTTIzcKLIBa^cfl n^ocraË KpylKoI(, a B gelrTpe ero npoTblKa^ocb flpgMo-
    yro^bgofi na^oqKoË r^y6oKoe orBepcrge no A^HHe crepl11gfl 1.BoB,q,E. Tan .4,ela-
    ^acb [epBas crBopKa ^HrefiHofi (popMbl. Bropaa crBopKa, o6pasyrouafl HapyrK-
    rryro noBepxHocrb rx^'InKl{ rBo34s, 6nr'ia naocxofi (puc. 18, /)' [In ygui,
    r,rsroroB^tÀHgb .4,BeQOpMbI. f,rrg nepnoro 3BeHa, o6a no.trga Koroporo HaxoÀ'H-
    ^Hcb B oÀ,Hofi n^ocKocTI.I, ilo MoÀ,e^1a oTTl{cKllBaÀacb gBycTBopqaTatl
    (pHc. 18, j). Broporo sBena no Moge^Il rrre orrll{KliBa^rlcb lrBe
    çopMa lrm
    CTBopKIt, o$pasylgtgfle 6o^b[]oe HapytKl{oe l(o^trgg, cTep}Kegb t,t $OKOBbIe rIo'
    BepxHocrÛ npEMbrKa.Iolgefi K crepiKilro qac'rn MaÀoro Ko^bga (pnc. 18,)5)'
    3À,ecn crBopKI4 (popMbI pacxoÀ,pr^Ilcb r'I cloÀ,6 BcraB^g^c r,\HHrIHbIfi K-l.HH
    c BMagaHHbrII B I{eIo oT^IiTbIM flepBbl},! 3BeHoM. B Itrrlrue rlepe3 cepe.4,lllly MaÀoro
    Ko^bga nepBolo sBeIIa npoTblKaÀocb cKBo3Hoe orBepcThe, o6pa3ylolgee ocTa^b-
    Hyrc qacTb Ma^oro Ko^bga BToporo 3BeHa. flocrre or^IiBKI'I yÀ,[rÀ oTOT K^tlH
    pa36HBa^cs, a 4Be napbl crBopoK MorÀ[I yflorpe6^.flTbcf, Ej.fl noBTopHblx
    OTÀHBOK.

    3o.,roro B l(ypraue Hafigego ro^bKo ÀIlcroBoe' tr4u nonputo 6o^ee 170 paz-
    ÀriqHbrx llpeg,MeroB LIB paBHbIx Mareprra^oB. 3o.,roTue ^HcrKIr HaKÀeIlBa^I'Icb
    Ha .4,epeBoIr Ko?fiy. Ha eoiiaoK rrpHK^eltBaÀncb yrJtwnpnulÛBa^Hctr ÀllcTKI{ TOH-
    Koii Kox{E c HaKÀeeHHbrMHa Hee ^lrcroBrrrM Bo^oroM. Texgnna nÀIolg€Hnfl 3o-
    -\ora Ma^o coBepIIIeHHa. BU6Una,rracb ^HcTI(n B QopMe HenpaBlt^bHblx Kaa{4pa-
    ron co cropoHaMll 9.5-11 cru, toargÉnoù 15-30 MHI(poHoB (coepeueHHoIe
    3o"^oTo6LrTbI1o^yqaloT ÀHcTKH r 0. 1 uurcpoua). TorrglâHa B pasHblx Mecrax

    45
    l
    j

    I
    11
    jo.4HOrOH ToIo x{e ÀItCTKa lrapanpyeT B npe'

    I À,er\ax 10 Mr,rKpoHoB. flponseo4cttso n^rolgc-


    Hofo go^ora Ha.4,ocqlrrarb MecrHbIM. Hecorvr-
    HeHHo, nasbrpblKcKoe n^eMq 6u.to 3HaKoNIo
    c nrraexofi 3o^o1a v nPyrllwvr Bn,q,aMH ero
    o6pa6or:rcu. 3to cae4yer xorff 6rr ue toro,
    \ qTo no^yqarolgHect flprl noÀbsoBaHHll ^llcTo-
    ) -i.*. _--*-J
    BbrM 3o^oroM oTxog,bl ue nul6pacr'tBa^Llcb, a
    g,o^?KHbr 6utu nepenÀaB^trbcfl v ynotpe6-
    ^trbct Ha 4pyrae rr3r4,e^ut.
    O,toeo B guaqaTe^oHo 6oanrleM Ko^I{qe-
    crBe ynorpe6aeno ua yKparueurle norpe6eHHnlx
    B KypraHe npeAMeToB, xoTt coxpaHHÀocb B
    MeHb[reM KoÀrrqecrBe. flo oupe4eaenuro B. H,
    KoHoHoea, gro BbrcoKoKarlecrBeHHoe MtrKoe
    o,roeo 6ec nocroponHlix npurvecefi. Ono ac-
    nO^bSoBaHO COBepIxeHHOTaK à{e' KâK LI 3O^O'
    To, r,r rexHHKa û^rcrgeunrl ero 6rtrra rarofi xe.
    F u c. 19. I-lsntsnii KyBIxuH
    (1/a Metaarr 6ua, riecomneuHo, LrMnoprHbIM,Bepo-
    ".u')'
    trHee Bcero, ri3 cpatsHl-I1'e^bHoHeÀa^eKo Ha'
    xo4,qrguxcr ÀpeBHnx o^oB.flHgblx pyÀHHKoB s Ka,\68ÉIcxom xpe6re BoCro.Igoro
    10 E,recratgee, KpacrlBoro 6e,toro gBeTa o^oBo KaK .q,eKopaTIasgatfi
    KagaxcraHa.
    MaTepI{a^ geHu^ocb, noBIlgIIMoMy, IIoIITH TaK ï{e BbIcoKo, KaK Il 3O^OTO.
    MuHeparrnHbre KpaCKH 11pEMeHeHbIrq,^s pACKpaCKI.IHeKoTopbIX gepeBgHHbIX
    npegMeroB (rgar y6opa Ns 7 z 6uv), uo r^aBHbrM o6paeolr À,^s paBpLIcoBKL
    ('rertlrro-
    4era,tefi ueo6pamennfi no nonçe (npacrrax n xe,,rraa) a IIo 3oÀoTy
    Kopr{qHeBafl). flo oupe4e^eH}tlo B. FI. KoHoHoBa, ?Ke^ra KpacKa - oxpa, Kpac-
    Hag - KHHoBapb. Ha4o no,tararb, rrro raKlrMr{ KpacKaMri pacKpaul.IBa^Hcb M[Io-
    rHe 6bIToBbIe npeÀMerbl.
    O texHnne KepaMHr{ecKoroflpon3eoÀcrtsa Mo}liHo cy4lrrb ro^bKo Ùo yge-
    '19).
    .reeûrefi nepxnefi qacrH y3Korop^oro KyBurEHa (puc' fopao coc}rfl,a orÀo-
    r\{H^oçb rlo ^lHull Cna.fl ^eHT, a 3aleM pae6u,loco Ha Me^KHe KycKI{, Cygl no
    I,IB^oMaM, Bc.fl BepxH'It qacTb, BblcoTofr oxo,ro 2'l cM, cocrofl^a ga oAHofi urlt-
    ponoË ^egTbr !t^H notca. floatoruy BepoflTHee, qro cocy4 BbI^e[ÀeH He ^eÉITot{-
    uofi rexssxofi, a no xapaKTepHoMy Æ^fl Cpe4Hefi Aguu cnoco6y <<rlerblpex
    no.flcoB>). Cpopruoean cocyg 6es rouqapHoro Kpyra I{ or^I{qaerc.fl or r,rnusnoii
    nocy,4br HB Lpyrsx rrorpe6eglîfi roro x{e BpeMeHIl I.I IiB noce^eusfi Ha Bepxueir
    O6a rrnrun 6o,tee rlga're,trsofi o6pa6ornofi noBepxnocrl{, 6o,,ree coBepuleHnbll\l
    ^oIgeHEeM.
    Han$oaee no^Ho npoc^elr{HBaercfl TexHrlKa o6pa6oncr .qepeBa. Vcranan,rrt'
    BaIOTc.g Bce ,q,eTa^Hatofi rexnuru, HartLIHat oT BaÀKLt g,epgBa n IfoHuaa o6pa-
    6orxofi norepxnoct'lt roroBblx HBAe^ITfi. OrnaetUU Hau6o^ee HHTepecHbIeHa6^rc-

    46
    iF-

    ÀeHHfl. Kax yxe IIoKaSaHo Bbrrue, naarrennxufi ,rernafi ronop rpe6oea,\ ocodalx
    npHeMoB pa6orrr npn paspy6anun crBo^oe. Becr,N4a rpy4oevrnofi 6nr,ra pa6ora
    H rro I.ISroTOBÀeHrrron^ax jl,^f
    BHyTpeHHefo cpy6a. Kaxa,ag [^axa HsIoToB^fl-
    Àacb lrs ge^oro 6penua nyreM orecbrBauu Hg.nuruHefi À,peBecnHbr c 6oKoe.
    BogMoxuo, t{To cHaqa^a c rroMorgb}o .4,epeBflHubrxK^uHbeB orKa^brBa^n g,peBe-
    cIIHy KpynHbrMl,r KycKaMrz, a 3aTeM yiKe TOnOpOl,r oKoHqaTe^bHo oTecbrBa^n
    n^axy. HsroroeaeHrreM pas^Hr{Hbrx .4epeBrHHbrx npeÀ,MeroB BaHnMa^I{cb He
    peMecÀeHHnKH, Bbrpa6arbrBaBuue npog,yKgnlo Ha rrrupoKr{â xpyr norpedràTe^efi,
    a Macrepa, o6cayxneanurue cBoe co6creenHoe xocqùcrso HÀE 6^Hlfiafirullx
    cBol{x copog,aqefi. IloaroMy oHH crapa^rTcb rr HMe^H BosMorr{Hocrb .4^t Ka?I(-
    goro HBÀe^Ha no46vparb coorBercrByrorgyro qacrb À,epeBa c raKHM pacqeroM,
    .Ito6rr ecrecrBeunar
    QopMa .4,epeBanprr MHHHMaarsoË Barpare rpyÀ,a npeBpa-
    Iga^acb B roroBoe lrsg,e^ne. Tar cÂe^aua pyKo.arb ronopa rpa6ate:r,eri
    (ta6,t. lV,l), o6a rpvra, Bce K.Àr4rrbq[r Ko^b,q l.r gp. 3tr.rrr.rÀ,ocrrîra^acb, KpoMe
    Toro, n npoquocrb tiaÀ,eaafi. Merrxue ntsl,etufl,, usroroB^tBrrr[ect cepw.rrMlr
    (yg.4eqHnre 6taxw, [a^oqKv À,^r rgr4roB r.r Àp.), À,e^a^r{cb r4s pasge^eHuoro Ha
    rlacrl,r îo^croro crBo^a. 1.n, 6t sx, HanpaMep, Kycon crBo^a g?IaMerpoM
    HecKo^bKo 6orce 20-22 cru pacrarrbrBa^cr Ha Me^Kue 6aKlaurxa, r{s Koropbrx
    rt Bbrpeoa^I{cb BareM 6l.sxu co cKy^bflrypubrMu a:o6paxenuarr,ru. Bu6op
    ëpeBe-
    cl'tHbr onpeÀ,e^.fl^cfi xapaKTepoM tlsroroB^.aeMbrx r,rs Hero r,rs4e^nfi. Bce .racra
    Moru-(buoro coopyrKeHrrt L Kpynnbre npefl,Merbr, KaK spMo, ap6a, ^onara,
    Kô^b.r r{ .4,p. cge^aHbr LrB ^ptcrBeHnrrgu, Vz eÀrT cgeÀanbr pyKoflTb roflopa !r
    ,q,epeBlaunbreÀ,ylnKLt À,eBrrrr ceÂ,e^. Bce peeuore +ilrypubre vtsLe^vfl. (6tsxu,
    IIpOHLISKLI, 3aCTelKKA, a TaK?Ke HOà{Ka CTOÀ!IKa, na^OqKIl À^fl IgI4TOB,
    no,4yruKa 14 Ep,\ .4,eÀaÀucbas Ke,4pa, ÀpeBecr.rHaKoroporo_ rB^Âercs o.4HHM r{B
    ^yqutux MarepllaÀoB 4,ta pesr6nr. I.lntepecuo orMerr.trb, qro npeg,Merbr Kpyr'-
    ^ble B ceqeHau (narrovnn, npoHH3Ku, r{erKoBsÀ,Hnre6aaurnu) Bblpesaubl HorKoM.
    Taxxe H HorKKa cro^r,rKa (ra6a. lV, 7), rpopua noropoË BoclrpongBoÀKr
    xapaKTepnbre oco6engocrr.r roqeuoro Ha crauKe vz&el.vfl., O.IeeuÀ,rro, nagbrpbrK-
    cKoe nÀeM.g,He lrMeBrrleeroKapHoro craHr(a, 6ot,to :HanoMo c roqeHbIMI4Ha HeM
    w3!,e^Hfl.MVr,UeHI,I^OLIX Vt WMtl,TI4pOBa^O.
    ITlnpglçs I.tcflo^b3oBa^r{cb r.r Àpyrr4e pacrgTe^bgbre Marepua^br, npe?fiAc
    Bcero, .4,peBecHaflKopa. Kan e flasuprmcroM, raK H B Àpyrux no4o6Hrrx ryp.
    raHax, e 6oaruoN{ Ko^aqecrBe ynorpe6aeua Kopa ^ncrBeuungbr ra 6epecra g,^.fl
    noKpbrrus noroÀKa norpe6arrruoË ranrepnr rr rpynoB ^otrraÀ,efi. Kopa ara 6rrlatr
    saroroB^eHa Ba6^aroBpeMeHno 6o,trruriMH KycKaMu. flpr,r coopytKeHr.ru KypraHa
    /{peBecHHa 6epelrr He Hcno^b3oBa^acb, a Ha floKpr,rrr.re MorvÀbr ynotpe6rreHa
    6epecra, cHÂTa co MHorHx ,q,ecflTKoBcrBo^oB. Bu.4,nnro, 6epecra r{ ^r4crBeHunr{-
    Haq Kopa 6rrrru 4la nasbrpbrncKoro nÀeMeHr,ro6uqnum KpoBe^bHbIM Marep[a.
    ^oM B ero crporzreannoË TexHr.rne. Coeeprueiruo HoBo À,ÀJr Hac ucno^bsoBauue
    'raK?I{e B KarrecrBe KpoBe^bHoro Marepza^a cre6rrefi KypLrÀbcKoro qar (Poten'
    tiila fruticosa I-.- *rear<sË KycrapglrK se ceMeficTea posogBernblx) B co'{e-

    47

    i.
    t..
    it
    illÈ- -
    I

    6
    TaHIII{ c 6cpecrofi I{ ÀHcrBeHnaunofi nopofi. Tan me HoBbrM, rre lr3BccrnbrM }rr'l
    y oÀHoro [I3 coBpeMeHHbIx Hapor'toB, .sB^.flercfl Hcno^bgoBaHlae B KaqecrBe o6ÀH-
    goBoqnoro Marepr{a^a ÀÀtr À,epeBsHnbrx zs4eaufi ToHKofi Ko}r{rrgbr Mo^oÀ,brx
    6epeaon. Ha 8-10-,terHux 6epeeKax c yqacrKa MoÀoÀoro crBo^a rpex^erHero
    Bolpacra cpeSa^acb no cnupa^H ysKar noÀocna 6,recrtrgefi xcearo-xopnuuenofi
    Koxrugbr. Tanvnra no^ocKaMu no 2-4 cna urupnuofi u 30-45 cu gauHofi 6rrrra
    oKÀeena Bc Hapy?ItHar noBepxnocrb Ko^o.4br, Ha qro nona4o6nrrocb orbrcKarb
    oxo,to 500 6epeson noÀ,xoÀ,fllgero Bospacra rî KarrecrBa. Taxofi ?re Koàrnuefi
    oKÀeeHbr oKpyrÀÉ,re pe6pa ra HoàrKe cro,\HKa (ra6rr. lV, 7).
    HI,r oÀ,I.tB elge r4g uccÀe.4oBannbrx paHee gpeBHHx naMrrur{KoB He .4,aBa^
    TaKoro o6H.trgoro n paaHoo6pagHoro MarepHa^a no Hcno^b3oBaHr{ro a rexHI,IKe
    o6pa6ornn Marepga^oB ?KktBorHoro nponcxolr.4eurza, xarofi no^yrreH pacKo[KaMg
    fïaaupuxcnoro KypraHa. O6rscHrrercx DTo He ro^bKo npexpacnofi coxrraH-
    HOCTbIOKO?fiaHbrX,MeXOBbIX,UepcTsl{brx r{ À,pyrEx npe4MeToB, Ho H TeM, rrTo
    B naSbtpblKcKoM [^eMeHLr, C ero cnegllaÀr{3r{poBarrHblM cKoToBo.4qecrr,rnaxoegË-
    CTROM, qpesBbrqaËHo ruapoKo n noÀHo ncno.^b3oBa^I,Icb Bce npoÀyKTbl cKoTo-
    i.
    BoÀ,crBa !r oxorbr. To, qro y BeM^e.4,e^bt{ecKr.rx

    I
    nÀeMeH ll3roroBÀs^ocb HB pa3-
    ^nqHblx pacTltTe^bHbrx MaTepHaÀoB, KoIIeBHIiKII-CKOTOBOT4bI geÀaÀU U3 KO}KI4,
    Mexa, Bo^oca, ruepcrn, cyxoxnaufi.
    Konra pasnblx BI{ÀoB .z[oMaIIIHHxrr lrw,<wx?KHBorHbIx, pa3^urrublMu cnoco-
    6avw o6pa6oranHa.fl, rrpuMetr.fi.\acb À^s caMbrx paeaoo6pasHbrx H3Àe^ufi. Torrrxo i
    t:
    IIo Haxo4KaM o,4Horo fÏaarrrpuncnoro
    cnoco6os l,rcno^bgoBanllr
    KypraHa
    Kolnrl. I4s Koxn
    MorI{Ho Ba.qerb 16 pasauvnrrx
    E3roroBÀr^I{cb pag^r.rrrHbre peMHrr,
    I-rJIrÀIlCbMtIKHe npegMeTbr, KaK no/{yrxKr4 ceÀ,e^, r,r BbrBopoTHbrM ruBoM TBep.4bIe
    (pnrypnr,re npe.4Merbr, KaK pora Macxn (ra6.n. XXIII).
    1{
    I4c ror\croË KoIKH Bbrpe-
    3a^Hcb xy.4,olxecrBeuHue 6apeare(ruue yKparrreHrir, H3 HecKoÀbK[x cÀoeB To^'
    croË xoxrz peaa^rrcl' QI,IFypKa, Bbrno,\HeHHbrenpyrrrofi cKyÀbflrypoft (ta6,r. IV,6
    n XII, 2, j). TouxHe gBerHbre Ko?rlr4yrrorpe6as.rncr, Àrra o6rrugoBKrî geoeBfiH-
    Hbrx npe.4MeroB, a raKrre M.srKnx KoxiaHbrx lr sofi,\.oquux ne4erruË. He Koà{rr
    paeuofi oKpacKli rrlu^Hcb pa3nbrMn cnoco6aun xyAo?fecrBeHHbre y3opHbre rr Hso-
    6pasurerrnHue anrr^HKaguw. Vïz ysKrirx roHKrrx peN{errrKoBH3roroB^s^acn 6axponaa,
    peMeIrrKaMIr cllrwBa^ucb KpynHbre npe/mern. Hecounenno, trro B 6rrry naarr-
    pblncKoro il^eMeull Ko?Ka aMe^a 6oaee urrpoKoe n pa3Hoo6pasuoe npnùreueHne,
    qeM ero ua6.rrroÀaerct IIo MarepHa^aM, r^aBHbrM o6paeov, 10 naaupuncrux
    ceëe^. Koxa ,4o^xua 6rr,,ra rrrapoKo zcno,\baoBarbcs rrpn r{groroB^eunlr
    ogerl{g,bl, nocy.4,t'I, pasauuuofi ÀovanrHeË yrBapr4 ri xocxficreeHHoro ràHBeHTaps.
    Bego He Ha HgForoB^el-rr{r{ poroB ÀÀ,c MacKû 6rr,ra oceoeHa, Ha[prrMep, BecbMa
    nbrcoKas rexHr{Ka lrruTbr Bbl;oporubrM rxBoM H3 ro.,rcrofi Koï{H Qnrypubrx npe.q,-
    MeroB. O.resg.q.Ho,TaKLIMcnoco6ou ge^aÀr{cb paarravuofi eopMbr Ko}fianbre cocygbr.
    Mex Hrte,t He Menee rrlr,rpoxoe n pasnoo6pa3Hoe [pItMeHeHLIe n 6rtry, no
    npn li3rorotsÀeHur{ cHapr}KeHr.rr g"ra norpe6eHHbrx B flaarrpure ,rorua4efi ynot-
    pe6Àea, ecrecrrenuo, B MenbrrreM Ko^HqecrBe, qeM Korr{a. O.q,gano n grq,ecb MbI

    48

    .t

    I
    lI ! - -
    b I
    I
    i
    I

    pltr'1lrvr pa3rrbre copra Mexa (renapg r{ Bbr[oporoK KaKoro-To Kpynuoro ixIIBor-


    lloro) u pa3noe ero upuueueurae. L[e Mexa crrrira Q^rra (ra6,r. XXIV)
    r ll MeuorreK'no4yuerrKa. o6a npe4uera tB^trQTcn o6paaganrrT xygo?KeclBeHnoro
    rxurb.â no cnoco6y ann^HKagns, B oÀ,HoMc^yqae us paaHogBerHoro Mexa, B gpy-
    È
    i t'oM ._ Irs Ko?r{fl. Kponre roro, B prÀe c-\yqaeB oKpa[renHrrrfi e cuHHfi gBer Mex
    I BblnopoTKa ynor:pe6,,reu À,^r oTopoqKrr KoxaHbrx yrparueHufi.

    h IIlepctn ÀorIauHHX a ÀnKrlx ?Kstso1'Hbrxrr vrcp,e;ufl KB Hee 6rr,ru Haa6oaee

    Ih pacnpOCTpaHeHHr'IMMaTepIIa^OM 4^f Hst'oToB^eHI{t BCeBOgMOlKHblxnpeÀMe'l'OB.


    IJlrtanas uepcrb ceBeprroro oÀeHff c^yrna^a na6aeKofi g,^fl nog,yrrreK Bcex
    À,ecsrlr ceÀe^ ri, Bepo.flrno, .4^s AIryfHX npeÀ,MeroB goMarrrnero 6rrra. ll[epctr,

    i
    I
    oBerrbJtIr /Jpyrnx ?KuBorHbIxHcno^b3oBa^acb, r^aBHbtM o6paBoM, À,^fl r.r3roroB^e-
    uu.s eori,\oxon. B o4HoM To^bKo flaeupuxcnoM KypraHe BcrpeqeHbr v3/.el.uÂ
    u3 Bofi^oEa II.ÊTHocHoBHbrx coproB, npeÀcraBÀeHnux o6paagaMH He Me]ree, qeM
    I
    à oT copoKa pasHbrx KycKoB, Ba^flHbrx rr3 rxepcTH pa3Horo KaqecTBa. B paaHrtx
    o6pa3gax Hcno,\b3oBaHarrlepc't'brpy6afl u roHKafl, coprr.rpoBaHnaflH Hecoprrrpo-
    i-raHuat, 6etan, KopuqHeBafl, qepHar lr pa3nbrx 4pyrrlx orTeHKoB. Mnorne soii-
    ÀoKa cgeJ\aHbr u3 6e,rofi urepc'r"a, oxparxeHnoii B cvtuui,r, xpacHnrfi r.r rKe^Tbtri
    gBera. B flaelrprrre Her rpy6r,rx ro.\crbtx eofi,\oroe rrrna KonrMbr coBpeMeHHbr{
    KoqeBbrx HapoÀoB. f,axe g,ra norHuKoB ceÀeÀ yrlorpe6^eHbr Bofi^oKu He ro^rge
    Eor.rIrrafl rracrb vs1euvîr r.rsroroBÀeHa lrs roHKoro Borï^oKa, To^rguuofi
    7 rrarr,r.
    n 2-3 MM, MaÀo qeM or^r{qarorgeroc.s or (perpa Harrrnx ru^qn u He]rsBecrnoro
    B [paKTvKe coBpeMeuubrx crerrrbrx KorreBHHKoB.flpnnreuenue Bofi^oKa B xo3rfi-
    c'rBe I4 6rriry naeupbrKcKoro u^eMeHn 6nr,ro, en4r.rMo, urrpe H pasHoo6pa3Hee,
    qeM y KoqeBHHKoBHOBO!:O BpeMeFrK,3aMeHflBrXr{Xero nOÀyqaeMbIMLIB À,OCTaTOqHOM
    Ko^I{qecrRe rKaHsMH xuraficnoro, cpe,4neâBuarcKoro u pyccKoro rrporrscogcrBa.
    14: nrepcrn à{e BHÀHcb ruHypbr B 4Be HVTr,r,r:o,rrguuofi s 3-7 MM. TaKue
    rxHypbr ynorpe6:rx,rlrcn 4^fl crur,rBaHHr KpynHbrx ûpeÀ,MeToB u B KaqecTlte
    ocuoBbr À,^r peMelrKon-rpofi.raron, Bncsrgux no 6onana ceÀe^, vt L^s KoxraHofi
    6axpourr rro 6oKaM HeK.rropblx ce4e^. To,rc'rulr rxHypKoM, cBHTbrM s 4 :auru,
    o6ne4en rro Bepr{HeMy Kpa}o nac'reHHrrË BofiÀoK norpe6a,rrHofi xauepr,r
    (ra6a. V,lr.HaxoHeg, n o À n p y r a c e g . r a N l 8 c 4 e , l a H a H 3 n o ^ o ? f i e u H b r xB p r r Â
    cururbrx BMecre 4 urnypoe. HeconHesso, B KoqeBoM 6ulry lrepcrâHbre rxnypbr
    i{}'{eÀI.IIIJHpOKOenpLIMeHeHHe.
    Eo.lee tosrar trtepcr.flIla flptlra - HI,rrKI,I,-
    I{Me^a, BIr.4,HMo,orpaHuqeH-
    rroe npuMeHeHne. {,oeoabno ro^crbre HrlrKH, Hnor{xa go 2 w À,naMerpoM, yno-
    'rpe6aeuul B HecKo^bKHx c^yqa.flx
    À^s cuIr{BaHfis aoË,\ona r{ no oÀHoNry pa3y
    Àlr ciuuBaurrlt KorI{H It Kon{Ir c sofi,\oxoN4, ocnoBHat ?Ke Macca eoË^o.Igrrx u
    Koà{aHbIx [pe.4,MeroB llll4Àacb He UlepcT.flHr]IMu,a ay*o*"noirorNrrr HI4TKaMn.Lllap-
    crfl[rbrMH HLrrKaMlIB gByx cÀyq4s* o6ee4ennr KOHTypbreofi,\oqHnrx anIl^nKagvË:
    ria cegae N9 2 raM6ypHbrM rxBoM, rra ceÀ,,te Ns 3 cBoeo6paaHbrM o6parurrrlr
    ruroM. B nocaegueu c^yqae tiroB cÀeÀaH r(pyrrrrbrMHcreà{KaMH (15-20 rvrnr),r'o.l-
    I
    I croii npyvesofi uurKoË, nparreM HHTKa, Bbrxo4r Ha lrrgeeyrc rroBepxuocrb,
    f,
    I

    I 4 M, n. fpru"oo ,{9
    I

    i
    i
    !i

    I
    I{azKA'blHpa3 nponycKa^acb r{epes l(oHeg npe.4,bl.4ylgero cTei'IçKa' qeM cosÀ,aBa-
    Àocb Bneqar^eHHe, q1'O 3TO He UlOB, a CBO604,HOHaÀO?r{eHHbri? HenpepbrBHbr["r
    ToHKHii IuHypo(. Erge 6orree roHKaE nprrlna lponsBo4rd^acb g,^fl rl3reroB,1eg]1a
    rrrepcrtFlbrx rKaHefi. B fla:i'tprrrxcKoM KypraHe TKaHLI BCTperJeHbrHa [I.srl.r llpeA-
    Merax Ma^eHbKHMri KycoqKaMu. o6gee Ko,\arrecrBo rKaHrr Mer{bule 0.2 r(8. r{.
    flxrr npe4rvreroB 4a^ra nnro '6pa:goB rKaHE, rro oArromy Ha Ka?,,À,oMnpe,4Mere.
    B geyx c^yqa:tx _* aro rKaHb rllra no,\orHa pa:uofi r1orHoc1.n, B Tpex - Tr4na
    caplKl{, II^O1']ia.âc xpacunoii ,ruuesoË noBepxHocrbro. Tnauu oKparrreHbrB Kpac-
    :a:.t'ir u xearotfi gBe'ra. Ha,ruque B ir3Ae^Hrx flasrrpoincnoro Kypraua [p.rr.?rilr.
    pa3HOrO rrrna (natxu, ruHypxu) no3Bo^rer rrpeÀ,[o^afarb MecrHoe npou3BD.4,-
    cTBo KaK flptâru, TaK H TKaHefi. TnaHtr c raKIlM flpocrbrM nepen^ereHl{eu srzreË
    Mot,\u LI3roroB^flTbca Kor{eEHItKa\{tt B ycnoBHtx À,oMaruHero npcqgBoÀ,cTBa
    ç nOMoIgbIO CAMbIXnpIzMHTHBHL,lx TKa$KHX CTAHKOB.
    XapanrepHo À,^.flcKoroBoAoB-KoqeBHr.rKOB Iî rrr,poKoe lrcro^b3oBaHlre KoIr'
    cKoro Bo^oca. Lll:r eoaoca Ir3roroB^-rr^I4cb KpenKHe apKaHbr. flpnnaepoM TaKoro
    Hagctprfl rBÀrercr KycoK no.nocquoû BepeBKIr, À,^tluoro e 1.8 lr, {,uaN{erpou
    e 5 nrv, ct<pyuennofi B ÀBe {rpflÀ,}r, uafiÀennoii s noucxofi qacrs Morrir\nr. fïaerr-
    pnlr<cnnfi Kypraa 3HaKoMIzTuac, f^aBr{brM o6pa3oM, c Hc[o^b3oBaHHeM Bo^ocâ\
    B KaqecrBe À,eKoparuBHoro Ma1'epna^a, Pa3,rn.iHlre qacrl{ y6opa nocrrvl{ KoHefi
    6rr'tr,u yKpâIxeHbI KrIcrgMIr tr t'laxpouofi rrg noKparxeHrroro e npacnr,rii gBe'r
    rjo^oca. Eaxponra cnÀereHa arerbrpr'Mri pa3HbtME cnoco6aMH c rroMorgbro cyxo-
    )r{rr^bHblx I{r-I'l'oKH^rI TOHKT4X
    peMeUlI(C}B.
    I-{arconeg, xapaxTep'o, qro ocHoBnbrilr rdarepria^oM .4^fl crrru'anrr.fi BceBo3-
    Mo?ItHbIXue4e,.vit tt-r c,)ilaoKa, Me.\a, Koàin rr .q,axic'rrasefi c^ylKH,rH (y-\olxu^b-
    IIbIe HHTH. ?ls crpyueHubrx rJ /{r,re Ha?H 'r'oHxrlx rro^oKoH cyxoxn,rnfi no,ryqa-
    .\acb KoporKat HHTKa, KoHrIbr xoropoii 3aB.ff3blBa^I{cbnpocrbrM y3eÀl(oM, .IT06br
    HETKa rie pacnpyquea^ecb. I-llu,nlt
    raKHMrl Hr,r.rxaMu, notsnAr,rMoMy, MeÀ,Ho!-t
    uraofi, npocrbrM rrIBoM, Ho pat^rlrrHr,ru o6paeou cK^aÀ,brBagKpa KycKoB crxrr-
    BaeMoro MarepHa^a. Tonxag iiox{a cruliBa^acl} Me.\KI.rMuItsoM- Eo 7 creà{KoB
    Ha caHTHMeTp.
    Or:meqennlIe HaMIr Ha6.lrIoÀ,eHHsHaÀ oco6egnocr.aMpl TexHHKrr no Marepl{a-
    .rartt ffasupbrKcKoro KypraHa F^Rttrre'rcfl, xapaKTepHbrlru À.\,q cKoroBoÀ,rrecKoro
    lioveBo!'o o6rgccrea c fiarypa.\bilnrv .r:o:}xficrnonr, Bce ucHotsHbtc florpe6uocrtr
    KOTOpO|OB pa3^UqHbrx H3ÀeÀprfl:{y.4,oB.^erRopr}oTcrr
    ÀoMalxHr{t\rnpoll3Bog,cTBoNr.
    pacÇqHTaHubrMHa cpaBHnre-\rrHo y:rr<uË xpvr lorpe6r.rTe^efi.

    X03afi€rBo

    KaK ()cHoBHa.sBeÀyrgar orpac^b xos.qiicrea HacroÀbno .scHo


    Cxoroeo4crBo
    olpa?KeHo Bo Bcex Marepxa^ax Fla:nrplrncxoro KypraHa, qro Her uago6uocrn
    Ha aroM noÀpo6uo ocrauaBÀuBarrcl. PacclrorpLrM ,rr4rub xapaKTepHbre oco6eu-
    Hoc'rII cKoroBoil,rrecKofoxosgfic'rea panHltx KoqeBHI-lt{oBA.',tag.

    50
    rj,,',epueuncl IJcK.\Ïoqurc,r.LHo€ Mfcl'o 13 ?nlr3Ht{ paHHI,IX Kor{eBliHltoi.,, xaK
    vific OTi,tertello BhrrTit,3ilHIlN{àÀ KoHb, I1 3To OCO6eHHOtpKO Bblpa}KeHo B HaxoÀ'

    Kax ilasbrpbrxa. KaR ri Bo Bcex Àpyrrrx norpe6enlîrix paHH[IX KoqeBHItKoB Aaraq,

    nof pe6erlHoro e f1a:n:pr'IKe coilpoBoit-:Atl-\H BepxoBble norru. B rc BpeMll KaK

    KoHr{ B MoçHÀâ}i oCI-Ioe}lbtx C^oeB Hace.Àenn.t ltpnlia.4"\e?Ka.\n Ma^ellbKoii, 6oar,rue-

    i'o^oBoi-{, rpy6oKocTtrr.)fi .loitta*1rr TIIna coDpeMeH}Ioii c1'enIIoË Mo!lroÀbcKoË,

    Koi:u flâi.lbrpbuia 6bt,\Ir o6pa:t-Iauit -n,]'.ttrrux I'I3 aMelrruuxcfi Torl4a Ha A \Tae Bep-

    xoBbtx Kol{cfi. Caurrle,\ytlLIIlIe rI3 l{l{x 6r,t,tu pocrona go'l 50 cM H BbIIIre c cyxol-l,

    Hecço.Àbt(ç f opfioHoqoË, ro.toeoii, BbICOI{o noctaBÀeHrtofi Ha À,^[r]rHoI? ulee,


    co cpaBr{!rre.{b}ro r(oporxofi cni.rsori, Ilbicoxoii xo^Koii, cyxHMI{ ll,ÀI{HHbIMII HO-

    raMn. $TC 6uan 6,raropoJ,rible KoHH THna nllocÀall.\eHnblx B À,penHocrll 6oeBblx

    KoHefi CpeÀueft A:zu. Bce 4ecarl Ira3IJIphlI{cI(Ilx Àolra,4efi' noÀ,o6Ho roua.4,tllr

    <<3o,\orrlcroKoHHofi) Eanrpun, 6r'trrlt qeetlr'roù B .4peBHocTH Macrtt pbllt(!{x H rHe-

    Àbrx c 3o.Lo f t{crbltr or^ttBONI. Bce ,,tlii i:oxpaHaÀH c^e.4,bl TrgaTe^Iruofo


    "or{oB LI'ro6bI rrplld,arb HM
    yxoÀ,a 3a HI.ILII4, :ta6orllrBoro ..)rrlotlreHltfi x IIx Buet;lHocrlr.
    clge 6o^ee 6aarcpo4nr,rfi t:n,1, y Iru\'l titare^bHo flop,pe3aHbl BoÀocbl no KoaqI'{
    yrueË, no+4crplrixeilbr Ir ra.!i llc o5II.".tI'l.le El).\ocbl B yIUHol-l paKoBHHc, Ha ILreKax,

    Ha nyToBbrx cycTaBax (.tge'lxu,r) il ri:l {ji.]lllllJe xBocra, KaK 3'fo.4e^arcT u i4o cHx

    nop TypKMerrbr, yHac^e.4,oBaBuHc H coxpalrllBlulle KaK llHofoBeKcirylo Ky.\b'l'ypy

    BepxoBoro Kor{g, laK u c o 3 À a H H y } o I i a 1 1 p t ) T t ? K e I l I t I ' ! t s e K o B o n , H y I ' I 3 ^ , V L I L U H XK^O H -


    cr{vx nopoÀ coBpeMeHÉroc'fI{ - axa^'?eKi'IrlcHoro cKaKyHa.
    Ila.enrporrcnlre KoHIr lre rlîrruqHt]l g.\lI cra4a paHHIlx KoqeBHHKoB A,'i'ragr.

    3ro 6r,r,ru /.rrlub He\rHofl{e eI(3er'Iil.Àflpbl, no^ytraeMble TeM ll^n usrtu cnoco6onn

    rr: Cpegneri A:rua upeac'raBnreÀ-âMlr poÀ,oBofi It n.\es{eHuoË tuar:il. OHI.r co4ep-

    ?KA^HC1] Ha 3epHOBbIX Koo1{ax u no^b3oBil-tucn oct.6ntM vxogoM, xoTt B .4,eIIIl

    clroeii c1{epru flnra^rrcrr TpaBofi Ir, Ka-K y}Ke orMeqe}ro Bbltue, eectrofi [epex{Ii^H

    rlepHo4, HeÀoeÂaHHt. ,

    OcrtoBnaq x{e Nraccâ r(oHcrdoro rroro.^oBbfl cocror{Àa Ir?, MecrHofi crefiHoii

    llopoÀbl MoHro-!.bc(olo rnrra Ê coÀ,ep2raÀacb 'ra6\'lHer4u T{a llol,Ho}r(HoM KopNIy.


    Cxe.tetnt Tanux Ào{Iageii r'au HaxoÀ}-rM B Ilofp{:6eur-Itlx ocllorlHblx c,\oe}l Hace^c*
    gun. VIz xBocroB t1 rpEB TaKriri -rona4eiI, ofiirlqnoi'r L.^'tr rlnx fie.tofi MacrIl'
    :u
    rri:ro'roB^eHbr eo.l octuble fl 3Àe.\tlfl f1a :uprrtxcx,rio x1'pra u a.

    Ec.tu ge no qtlc.ur ro^oB B craÀe, qro HaM He H3Becl'Ho' To no 3IIarreHHI{)

    e xo:gficrseurrofi !I [o^I]Tr.rqecKori xusHu paHHItx Kc)qeBHr'IKOB A.trax .À.oulaÀ,I'l

    flOr4gag^ex{aÀo nepBoe MecTo. ffoerov',. MecTa 3HMoBoK rIÀeMeHI{ofr, zuartt, cygx

    no MeCTOFTâXOEçÀeHI{}O6O,o.ntrux Ida.MeHI-{biX 1(ypraHorJ, KoTOpble COop}?ttâ:\I{Cb

    ocer{bro, oLleB}.rAHo,B pafioHe 3I4McBoK. pacrtc.\ara.\Ircb n MecrHocrgx, f/!c B H€r

    JaBHeM nporr^oM rac^Hcb MHorûTrlicflqirbre Ta6yHbI caMbIX 6ora'rrtx 6aes 't rafi-

    calroB, a 1'enepb pa3r4erllelolcrl KpyflHei.{iutre a.-lrafiCnae KoHecoBXoshI - e YCrn-

    KaHcnofi crenr n na p. Vpcy-ne.


    {pyruu Bax{rteiiilIrM ?(J{tsorl-ttrfx{n lt.r,:.xâcrse ffe.\-q^acboÊrJa. B uofpe6aÀb-
    rroË Ka-Mepefla:ntpuxcxoro no3BouKn 6afiana.
    KypraHa o6Hapynientl xr-JocToBbre

    5l
    Bo ecex Àpyrnx Kypranax Bcerga HaxoÀ,nrcfl Kpecreg 6apana c xBocrotsbrMu
    H npH^erArcIgAMII K HeMy nOgCHlIrIHirIMIrno3BoHKaMLI.3ro oCrarrU noaomennOii
    B Morl{^y flurgr{ - KypÀroK 6apana c lprrÀerarcrgefi .racrbro ryuru, Parya^bHofi
    aarpodnofi nargefi 6rra xyp4ron 6apana. Orcroga cÀeÀ,yer, trro ocHoBHofi n4ficqofi
    nnrgefi {IaSbIpbIKcKoro IlÀeMeHH 6rr,na 6apauaHa n rrro oegor drrarz.KypÀrorrubrMn
    H^Ii, Bo BctKoM clyqae, E(HpHoxBoclunrn. Oreg pagBogrlÀLr npe?Kge Bcero pa.4,rl
    M.sca, Id xapaKTepHafi ë,Atr cTa4a a3uaTCKHX KOTTeBHzKOBnopoga KypÀror{Hbrx
    oeeg 6nt,ra yrrre cosÀaHa. Orgeeo4crno â{e AocraB^r^o nasbrpblKcKoMy n^eMegr4
    u eropoË eazxnefiiûfiË npo4yKl'-- uepcrb.
    To.raoe onpege^eHue rrrepcrr{ B r.rg.4,e-
    ,rI'rax flaelrpbrKcKoro KypraHa He npoa3Be4erro, Ho âcHo, qro 6o.truraR rracrb r4x
    Ll3roroB^eHa Hl oeeqnefi uepcrH. Ose.rrx uepcrb c^y?KH-\a Marepl{a^oM À,^,r
    tl3roroBÀ€Hl{.rl caMbrx paouoo6pasHbrx npegMeroB B xo3rficree u 6ur:y - roË-
    ÀoKfi À,^s noKpbrrufl ?KH^Hr!a a ero y6pancrBa, paaHbre npe.q,Merbr govrauueii
    yTBaplr, oÀ,e2fiÂ,au !,pyrne.
    Tperrefi coctaeHofi qacrbro craÀe naebrpbrKcKoro r,reMena 6rrl npynnrrrfi
    poratnrfi cnor. Haxo4xz ffaanrprrKcKoro KypraHa (apuo rr qacrb ap6rr) yKasbr-
    Balor ^HlIJb Ha l{cno^b3oBaHr.Ieero s KaqecrBe rpaHcnoprHoro ïtlrBorHoro. He-
    coMHeHHo' KpynHylo po^rr B xoegftcree uMeÀo Ii HcIIo^b3oBaHIte ero MflcHbIX H
    MO^OqHbrx [poÀ,yKToB.
    BepoaTno, B craë,e na:brpbrKcKoro fl^eMeHH rdMe^Lrcbrr HeKoropbre .q,pyrse
    BlrÀ,br }I{HBOtnr,tx. Boelro?fiHo, rrTo ToqHoe oIIpeAeÀeHHe [repcTH H KorKIt À,acT
    Ira 3TO yKaSaHHt.
    He to,toxo ocrarKlr car\{Itx .4,oMaurHHX?n?rBorHbrx rr^u npeÀMerbl, IIpeÀHa-
    3HaqeHHbre g,Àfl rlx r.{cfro^b3oBaHufr,,Ho !r Becb sHeUlHHfi o6rran HaxoÀoK flasrl-
    pbrKcKoro KypfaHa, yKa3brBaloT Ha CKoTOBOÀqeCK.)e nO npelrMytgecTBy xo3flr"t-
    crBo nagblpblKcKoro n^eMeHLr.Hr.rxatrlx yxa:auafi Ha Ha^rrqne geM^eÀe^rlg Her.
    flpaup,a, naablpbrKcKl{e KoHrr, KaK aro or}leqa^ocb
    BceMrr, BH.4eBrxrrMHr,rx rpylrbr,
    Hnno^oraMlz. BcI(opMÀeHbIHa 3epHOBbrXKOpMaX, HO 3epHO, HaAO no^AfaÎb, Xo-
    :lgt?cr:ea po4onoË n fl^eMeHuoii lsarlr no^yqa^H or oceÀ^brx 3eMÀeÀ,e,\brrecKrrx
    rr^eMeH, HanpnMep lrs paiioHa Bepxuefi O6w, u no^yqa^K ero, BrrÀ,rr Mo, Heper)'-
    "{spHo.
    Ha,rrrqne y rra3brpbrKcxoro rr^eMeHH sltMoBoK, o uena 6yger: cKa3aHo Httà{e,
    I{e MorÀo coqerarcbt c noccBaMIT,xorn 6ut Ir B MHHriMa^bHbrx pa3Mepax, Kar(
    âTo xapaKTepHo À^fI MTIOIUX COBpeMeHHbIXKOqeBHI{I{OB,TaK KaK B CypOBL'IX
    yc^oBIrtx pentr V.taralra ,4o rroc^en,HexoBpeMeHH noceBbr He yÀ,aBaiucb.
    Hecovueuuo, vro 6o,trruoe guaqenrie B ?r{LrsHrînasbrpbrKcKoro fl^eMeulr
    I.iNre^aa oxoTa. C)6 e'rclnr cBug,ere^bcrBylor npelnge Bcero Muor()r{Hc^euubre lzao.
    6painenun :aepcfi ri l:Bcporrog,r-i6nux qyÂ,oBrrrg. Hecruorpn Ha yc^oBuoc'u:
    II CXCMaTT,TqHOCTb
    nepeÀ,arrll, B Hrrx c yÀ,HBHTe.\bHbrMMacTepcTBOM lIoÀ,MeqeHbl
    t',laeHefiuae oco6eunocru z:o6paxaeuurx :nepefi, g,arrbrnrerKae n Bepnbre xapaK-
    TeprIcrI4KI.I ux. Han6o,'ree 3aMeqareÀbHbr B aroM oruorreHau TaKr.re aao6pame-
    r{Ilfl, KaK @plrypbr rLIrpoB Ha antr^I{r(agr4.flxceÀe^ (pnc.35), cKar{yrgero Mapâ^a

    q')
    lI -
    I
    n apra^H Ha ncaÀH.âx (ta6,r. lX, 2 s XIV, l) n repaaertloro ^oct Ha afln^u-
    r(agurx ce4err (pac. 35 u 36). Tanue nso6paxenu.n MorÀIr 6u'tr nuno;tnessI
    ToÀbKo reMK, KTo na6,trcga.,r nao6paxaeurrx anepefi na cso6oÀ,e, t43yql'I^ Bce
    l,lx noBag,Krr.
    3ro raorar-r 6orrn ro.nnno oxornl,rnlr, He pag Bbtc^elKltBatsIxne H npec^e-
    iq,ogaBurrre pa3Hbrx aaepefi. Bce uso6paxaeuble gBepIT tB^tloTct npeÂcTaBPt-
    Te^rMI4 uecrHoii, aÀTaficrofi, QayHrr. .r\oco, tuapaa tl ropurtft Kose^ Il ceiiqac
    2r Apraau coxpaHlr^cfl B BepxoBlrtx LIyn
    iuHpoKo pacupocrpaHeHbl Ha Aatae.
    n Karynn. Tnrp, HbIHe HelTsBecrnrrfi Ha A^Tae, B IIo^oBIiHe nporu^oro cro-
    22 H 3âxo'
    ^err.rr Boglr rca s [xyHrapcKoM A,taray a Tap6arataficnsx ropax
    .4r.rÀB 3anag,rrble Ii ceBepo-3ana,4,HblenpeÀ,fopr,x A,traa go g- cerosKl4, HaXO4l-
    23 HecomHeuHo, B
    rgeËcx K rory or Etrficna, s 240 xw o'r flasnrpolna. .q,peBnocrll
    orr 6rra nocto.flHublM o6arareaeu npegrOpZfi A,trag, Bo3Mo2KHo, I{ HeKoTopblx
    r'()pHbrx Ào^r.rH. f,xefipau, pora Koropofo BeHqalor ro^oBy qyÀotsI4lg (pvc. 26
    rr ra6^. XIII ), R Hacrotlgee BpeMt Bog,I'Irc,a u f,xyHrapcnor,l Aaa'ray,
    a B À,peBgocru Mor 6rtrr, H B creflHblx ,4,o^IT Hax Aa'ran. Oxo'ra na ta6:aua,
    uso6paxeuueM K^brKoB Koroporo yKpauteH o\rlT krz KoHcKIlx y69pon (pnc. 2l),
    :]âcrjr.rÂeTeÀbcTBoBaHa Haxo,4KaMnero KÀbIKoB r norpe6eHuflx pâHHHX I(oqeBI{It-
    2a
    ros Aarag.
    XapaxrepHo, r{To B nso6paxeuuflx npeÀ,cTaB^eHbr BLrÀ,branepefi, oxol'a tlll
    qacro
    Ko1opblx tpe$oeaaa or oxorr{nKa ripoÂB^eu?rfl cn^bt, ^oBKocrI{ I'I orBarH H
    ^ocb u Ka6aH * 9T('
    6rraa conpt?I{eHa c o[acgocrblo il7.fr ]KII3HI'I' Tnrp,
    -$b1-
    aKTITBH6 o$opog.ffl9lg[Iegfl sBepu, a .4,à{efipag, ap1.a^u 11 ropgblË Ko3s1
    cTpbre B 6ere uo CTe11qML Hei4oCTynHbIMropHbIM KpyqaM. Srra leepr-r 3aH.a^lt
    oco6oe MecTo Il MI,IpoBog3peHI4I{paHHHx Koi{eBHIiKoB Aar:aa, BIr.4,llMo' llo"roMy'
    rrro oxora Ha HLIX 6oIaa csoero pog,a BoeHHo-cnoPTPIBHbIM3aHflTHeM, I{M€BIIJI4ÀI
    ()tpoMnoe 3HarIeHIreB geÀe BoeHHofi noÀloToBKa n^eMeHI,I' a TaKlKe B cHa6?Kc-
    ItnlI cKoToBo.4,qecKofoxosffficTBa À,onoÀHn're^bltblMll sanacaM14Mfica, Mexa V ilpy-
    fr{x [po.4,yKToB oxoTbl.
    flpr r.rsroToB^eHr,rprnorpe6eHHbrx e flalrrpuncrolr KypraHe rrpeÀ,Meros,
    gecoMgel{Ho, npllMeHeHbI H MaTepûa^br. .4,06bITbIeoxoTofi. flora MEI 3HaeM
    îO^bKO, qTO Bce rq,ectTb ceg,e^, KaK
    LISTOToB^eHHbIe, yBllÆp[MHux{e' pa3HbIMI{ Ko^-

    ^eKTrrBaMn, Ha6HTbI l[epcTbro ceBepHoro o^eHt, KoTopblfi H cefi'lac elge Bo.4,lITct


    25 u 6rtrr, oqesu.q,so,
    B npe,4,eÀax Bocroqgoro Arrras, e 100 xlr or flasbrpbrKa,
    ,{:\â IIâBbrpbtKCKOro [^eMeH[I o6rerCrOu nOCTO.SHHOTO OXOTHHTIbeTO npOMbIC^a'
    fenapa, r{3 Mexa Koroporo crlllrbl no.4yrreqKa Ir Q^tra (ra6,t. XXIV)' Rpt.4 ^II
    Mor 6brTb Ào6bl.IeË oxoTHuKoB nasblpbrKcKolo n^eMeHIi. Her ocgoeaHnfi gyMaTb,
    trTo r{ B ApeBHocTLI oH Mor BoÀ,llTbcfl Ha A^Tae H^u rÀe'^t't6o no6^u3ocTg. Mex
    fenap,4,a, a Mo?I{eT 6rt'ro n .xnsofi
    onepb, ÀocTaB^eHbI na Aataii, Bepottuo' Hg
    Cpeggefi AeHrà. flpe4ctanure^u sHaTH
    n^eMeggofiMoI^n IIMerb 41fl cBoefi
    .TLrna
    oxoTbl BOeHHO-CnOp'I'ITBHOI.O ilO^yqeHHoe lt3Â,a^eKa ÀoBqee ?KI'IBOTHOe,I(aKIIM
    6rrtrr erge B .4,peBIJocrI'IrenaPÀ,'

    5J

    I
    I

    ii
    I
    Cpe4craa nepeÀ,BrtKexnt

    Hapr6oaee coBepureHubrMBHÀ,oMTpauclropla paHHrrx KoqeBHriKoB6rra r:ep-


    xoeofi KoHrr. Mlr y.me roBoprr^H o efo 3naqeHrzr.rB n{HsHIr KoqeBHHKoB.Bepxoeoii
    nonn 6rirr gaÀoroM 6a;rronoayuar KoqeBuflKa. Bor rrorreMy, cHapr{2nat yMep-
    ixel'o s earpo6HolË rrrzp, c FrHM o6g:are,'rr,uo norpe6a;ru rr BepxûBoro KoH;l
    c ceÀ,^oM tt yzgcîi. Mrr ceii,r.rc pacno^araeM 6o,rnrualr Ko.rrr4rrecrBoMocrarnoB
    ceg.eÀ 14 ysÀ,erreK cKuQcKoro BpeMenri r.i u:o6pa>xeulrii BepxoBbrx noHefi, u<;
    llasupr,rr<cxlrii nypran
    BrepBbre Hac 3HaKOMH'I.c ucqepnbrBarorgeË noanoroà
    c oA,HHÀ{113 THnOB CHap-flà{eHLLSBepXOBOfO K()H.s, qTO .rro3BO^geT fipaBr]^b1r()
    lloHtlTb MHofI4e oco6eugocrH paHee H3BecTHbrx. Ho HerroH-sTHbrxHÀlI H€B€pHtr
    ltcro^KoBaunrrx I-reo6paxenrrfi H orÀe.\bHbrx 'racrefi ce.4Àa Ir ygg,br y cKrlQoB r.l
    l\pyrt4x KorreBbrx n^eMeH. fTasrrpuncr<ue ceÀ^a 14 y3À,er{Kr.rcÀ,e,\aubr crregna^bH{.r
    11^.Êfiorpe6eHut. I,{x 6oraroe u nbrruHoe oQopM,\eHae paccr{HTaHo ÀHrrrb ria
    nueunufi sQQeKT Ir cÀe.{aHo r.r3 g,oporax r.r KpacuBbrx Marepua^oB, Henpor{Hbix
    a HenpoqHo cKpen^eHHbrx èpIf c A,pyroM. Herio'roprre ÀeraÀrlr ux cg,e^aHbr
    cor^acno 1'parq,llgnrM uorpe6a,truoro o6px4a no 4aBHo yrrre ocraB^etnrrivr n 6ury
    o6pasgaru, HanprrMep r\.{eÀ,r{brerr poroBbre noÀrrpyà{nbre npfl}nKri saMer{eHbr
    y3ÀoBbrM Kpe[^eHHeM. Cocepuenuo rcHo, qro He^b3-fl Bce oco6eHuocru
    ycrpoËcrea n oQopMÀeHlrs nasbrpbrKcKr,rx ceÀ,e^ u y3,4er{eK rrepeHocrrrb r-ro^-
    Hocrbro B HaruH npeÀcraB^eHtta o 6ulrorblx [peg,Merax cHaptrrtenufl KoHt, Ho,
    l{ecoMHeHHO, qTO B OCHOBHbIX CBOI{X rrepTAX OIIH H]\r COO'fBeTCTByIOT, B qeM
    MolKlro y6egurnca no ToqHbrM BocIIpol{gBeÀeHaJtM L{x Ha HeKoTopbrx go^oTbix

    n 6pou:oerrx 6,rsxax roxnofi Cuîupu u Ceeepnoro Kara.fl.


    V:l4a llalrrpbrKcnolo KypraHa or^r.rqaercfl ()r eceï HaN,rpr3Becrurrxycrpoù-
    CTBOMIIOBOÀa,B KOTOpOÀ{ COXpaHHÀr.ICbrrepTbr, HArroMr.rHarorgneo nepBOM CHa-
    p.fiÀe no ynpaBieHrilo ÀouraÂbio - o tsepellK€rH.\u peMrie, rpoÀ,eroM irepeS poT
    'f'oat,Ko
    xon.s. cpe.4Hfir qacrb raKoro peNrH.flB noBoJ,e [asbrpbrKcKofi ys4nr sa-
    MeHeHa MeTa-r^HqecKLIMu J ÀH-\arvlIr, .\eBa'I rro^oB14Ha rroBoÀa 3aKaHrri.IBaeTc.â
    uere,ronofi, B Koropyrc npoÀera irpaBas ro^otsr.rHa u Ha npaBofi rroÀoBrrue 3aB.t-
    3âH yse^oK, He no3Bo-\rrçrrgvfi cocnorruTb nere^bxe (pac. 20). Korga BcaÀHHI(
    crlarrr Ha KOHe, froeoÂ(,M c-\yiiinT ,reet'rfi petvteHb H rracrb npaBoro or yÀ,I{^ ALr
    yseÀKa. Cnelurreurjiicr eca4Hi.u{ Àeptntir Kou.tr :a npanr'rfi peMeub, Koropblfr
    cÀylt(Lrr uyru6ypolr, a -reeufi ocraercr Ha ruee KoHr, npnqeM ne're^bKa ero,
    cnoÀblr no ilpaBov) peN{Hro,npu6^nxraercs K yÀ,riÀaM.CoeepuenHo raKoro ?Ke
    ycrpofictna noBoÀ, npe+i,craB^en Ha so,\orofi 6aaxe Splraraxra c u:o6paxeuneu
    Bca.4HHKoBno4 4epeuon. t"
    VA,u,\a xe^e3ubre, B on,HoM c-^yqae 6poueoaore, c Kpyr.\brl'rn Ko^hgaMn"
    y4ep?KrîBarorcr Bo pry KoHff np-flMbrMn utu S-o6pa3Hbrlrn nca^r.rrMir, n flacnr-
    pbrKe g,epentHHbrMr.r,a n 6ury MeraÀ^rrqecKAMrl r4^r4 poroBbrMu, rrpoÀerbrM!l
    B Ko^bgo yÂraa. flca,rw ygep?rrvr.alorc-sHa ctsc)eM.Mecreof(),\oBbeM, Koropoe
    cocrol{T LIg rgeqHofo peMHr, no4(ropo4uaKa, neperr(}crbrI{ no4Bgxretlnofi Ha ron-

    r.t
    *t+
    I'
    I

    P u c. 20. Cxeua ycrpoficraa y34bI


    r - y . 4 n r a i2 - s c a t t ù i 3 - r g e u n n ù ô-6.rrxa-raao6nrxi
    îï:1,1", J''jt"iiîï.'5-ncpenooe;

    I{HX peMerxKax 6^rxn-Ha^o6HuKa. IlepegHue KoHgbI lgeqnoro peMnt pa3{4,e^eHbl


    HaÀ,Boe.gÀr Kpen^elglfifr c ncaÀI,I.8MlI, B I(OTOpbIX npog,e^aHo g,^t STOIO IlO À'Ba
    oTBepcTlrr no cTopogaM Ko^bga yÀ,H^. Ileqgblfi peMegb 3aBfsblBa^cx Ha 3a-
    rbr^Ke KoHr (puc. 21), a noÂ6opoÀHr4K c ^eBofi cropogbr. Hnorg,a Kpen^eglrc
    aro npolrsBo4lt^ocb c noMolgbto KoItHqecKOfi npoHlrsKlr-sacrezl{Kl-I (puc. 20).
    BosMoxuo, rrro u 6brroBbre ys.q,errrràrrMeÂIt rro npeuMylgecrBy y3.\oBoe Kpen^e-
    HHe, TaK KaK r.I B IIOrpeoeHI,IffXOCHOBHbIXC,l.oeBHaCeJ\eHI,ItpOfOBbIe H^11 MeTa^-
    ^EqecKr.re sacTe?KKI,lHaxog,tTc.s cpaBHHTe^bHo peÀKo.
    Onucausoe ycrporicrBo ysÀbl, cy,4,.fino Haxo.4,KaMrlacrefi y3À,bl B norpe6c'
    HWA:Xvr IIO r{3o6paà{eHlrtM, 6urro ilrnpoKo pacnpocTpaHeHo c v s. .4o H. e. flo
    Bcefi reppt'tTopl{lr creneË or J,ygafl Ào CeBepqoro Kvra.fi H npocylgecrRoBa^o
    B HeKoropbrx Mecrax .4o VI-VII BB. H. a. (A,lraË n Mnuycunctaa
    crerb ).
    Ce4ao oT^Irqaerct Bcex coBpeMeHHbIxorcyrcrBueM crpeMflH u' caMoe
    or
    fJ\aBHOe, 4epetstHHofi oclroBbl - ^eHq?IKa. oHo cocTollr Ir3 AByx Ha6srblx
    o^eHbeË uepcrbro Ko?KaHbrxûo4yrreK, npocrelaFiHbrx ro^crbIM rxepcr-âHblMixHy'
    portr (pnc. 22). [7oryutKll coe4zHeubr MerKAy co6ofi nocpe,4uHe roHnofi are ro-
    ï{efi n HaK^aÀ,brBa^Hcb Ha cnany rcouff rto 6oKaM xpe6Ta. flonepx nog,yruer
    Ha^o2r{eHanoÀ,flpyfa, npnKpen^eHHarl K HHM B AByx MecTax peMeurKoM Ii cocrot-
    _iqaq fla A,Byx ixupoKrrx peMHeii, Ha oAHoM KoHEe saocrpellHblx, Ha ÀpyroM

    55
    Æ ( #
    rY- )l
    \
    \!' [t

    r /tï\ t
    \ I' '| i f|
    \ '\-/ /
    ii

    \l-l
    z

    9^ - 4 - ^:7,

    *=s"N\N:

    \ \,/
    l t J
    Y"'1
    --.a=-\*
    <::-::5:tr
    -i '].
    !ffi
    .!-\
    \ / 3 4
    i'rl

    P ve. 21. Ororrosbe ye4n Ne 2 m ero .4eraÀH.


    I - g e p e l l u l r o ey r p a ù c u r eo e p e ( p e c t r ,p{ e u a e f r 2
    ; - 6 a r r a - r a l o 6 r r u r ;- 3 - p r u c u r o ro . i l a l o 6 r u r a ;
    4-7 - rpenacrre yrpaucHnfi fl Koflar(br! 6rrucn; I -., nca,ruii.
    i4epr-tsrunblr
    Ir---
    II
    I
    I

    i
    I
    i

    û noxanoù netleù. I'axyro no.qnpyry Mo?KHo 6rIao catgrl'IBarb H SaBf,3blBarb


    KaK c ,reeoii cropoHbr KoHs, TaK a c rrpaeofi. K no4npyre npHKpeII^eH ysKI4fi
    Harpygurrfi peMeub c {4,ByMflorBerB^eHI{flMIi, saBflgblBalolgrlMl{c.g ToHKHM peMelu-
    KOM HaBepxy, Ha xo^Ke KoH-â, H nOÀi4eplKIiBarcIgHMZ HarpyAHsK Ha rpe6yeMoË
    BbrcoTe. CsaÀ,Ir K norEyui(aM nplrKperl^eu npo4etrtfi qepes IIIhpoKI'Ie KoHnrIecKItc
    ûponrrsKn flo.4,xBocrHblfi penreuo, 4,ruHHttii, noMelgarcrguficq He Iro4 penzgeii
    xBocTa, a SHat{IiTe^bHo IiI,IzI(e,oKo^O KO^eHHOrOCyCTaBa,KaK eTO Xopoluo Bylil'to
    !-' Csa1n ?r{e, no cropoHaM uo.q,ylueK IroA,Be-
    ira so^orbrx 6aaxax Spnauraxa.
    llreHo IIo TpIr Kpyr^brx peMelr]Ka c KpacHbrMH Bo^oc.gHbIMI4KHCT'MII, BCTaB^eH"
    rrbrMH ts .q,epeBtHHble BopBopKIr" Bllecte c erkl Ml{ <TpofirlarKaMlr> Haxo.4'HTcfl
    E rro o.4,HoMyc naxgoii c'ropohbl ce4^a rpnTopoquoMy peMeIIlKy c rpeMfl npo-
    pe3auHbrMli nere^bKalll'l rr c ila^oqKofi-eac'rexKoû Ha Kouge. 3.4ecr à(e c [paBqfi
    cropoHbr y rpex ce4err 6ruri.r ltoÀ,tseueHbl Ignror (pac, 13). Cuusy ro.q, ce.q,^o
    rrOÀ^o?KeHnoTHr{K r.r3 IIeTo^cTOro MrlrKoro nofiaora, ûpilxBaqeHHotû r logyiu-
    r(aM B .4,llyx MecTax TeMH 2I(e peMeIIlKaMH, KOlOpbIe CKpen^trcT noAnpyfy.
    Crcpxy c€.{;\o rlonpbrro ruHKH}I Bofi^oKoM, yKpeIl^eHHbIM Ha^oà{eHHbIMI'tnoBepx
    Hero Ha rrepeÀHHxH 3aAHLIXKpa.flXno.q,yuieKÀepeBtHHbIMItÀyàrKaMfl, nPI{Rt3aH-
    ribrMll K IIo,4,yUKaMT0HKIIM peMelxKoNl.
    Ce4,ro na3brpbrKcKoro rgna 6or.ro uupgKo pacnpocrpaHeHo B a36arcKllx
    c'reu.flX. ()6 erOnr MOtKHo Cyg'LtTbno fl3o6pa?KenntM Ha ynoMsnyrblx y?Ke 3o^o'
    'rbrx c1a6upcKux 6^.flxax I4 Ha .q,Byx $pouaosolx $rrsxax Hs Op4oca. ?" Oco6esstr
    o1'rieî^IiBo [r g,eTa^bHo noKa3aHo ceg,Ào Ha 6agxe c ueo6paxreHlleM BcagHI'IKoB
    no.rl ë,epeBoNr.3.q,ecr" orqer^utso Bli.4,HbrnorHHK, creragble nor4,ytrrKu' g,yïtK1r Ha
    Hux u xapaKrepgoe Kpen^epl{e ilognpyrn, Orcytcreyer ^Hlub lroKpblluKa cegÀ;r
    Ir 6,rsxu Ha peMgflx. flo4xnoclrufi n narpy4gblfi peMHI{ oT^IIqaIoTct B HeKo-
    'i'ollblx
    A,eTa^nx.
    t{eprorurrotncrofi Ba3e' or^H'
    Cxvtpcnoe ceÀ^o, cyg,t no Llso6pat{en[ro Ha
    rra^ocb or cu6upcttux Tpanegl.reBuÀ,Hofi tpopnrofi noa,yrrreK, oTcyTcTBI'IeM lloÂ,-
    xBocrHHKa ?r peMgefi, rroÀ,.q,epl6gBaIoIgI4xHarpyA,HaK. 3ro ce4rro, 6o"tree npo-
    cToro ycTpoËctea, qeM cLI6HpCKr.1e,M9?KHO1rpOC^eg,1ITbir no rq,pyIHM MaTepI{a-
    ^aM cKa(pcKux KypraHoB. Etg" 6oaee npoctoro ycrpoËcrtsa ce4^o npeg,crats^eno
    H3o$parKeHrItMH Ha g,Byx npea,Merax AMy-.q,apbltHcKoro K^a.q,a"' na pyrcoa't'it
    Nreqa r{ so.torofi o6K^a.4,Ke Hoir{eq ul 9eprouabtKcrolo Kyprauatlt' û HeKoTtt-
    pbrMg r4pyruvU. 3ro -- He(o^bûIoe noKpbIBa^O ll^u no4cTlc^Ka c Harpy.q,HI4KoM
    pr rro4npyrofi uivr rpoKoM. VIs erux Tpex paccMorpeHublx TI,InoB ce4^a nasbl-
    pbrr(c6rîe .sBÀrro'rcr san6o,tee coBepûreuubrMli. B Ka'recrBe etge 6o.rtee coeepluen-
    Horo Trrna ce4,^a, tB^Âtolgerocs nepexo4,HoË çoprraoft K cOBpeMeHHbIMTBepAbIN{
    flO^OBLIrie nepBOnO TbICÂrIe^eTVt H. 3.'
    Ceë,ÀaM,ilo.gBplBllt{Mg.tt y?Ke eO ntOpofi
    c^e4yer yKasaTb coBpeMeHHoe ceg,^o .q,o^rag, ynoTpe6^teMoe IIMII g^.fl e3.q'bl Ua
    o^egrrx. CeÀao Ao^rag coCToI,ITTagxte t{3 À,Byx no.4yIIIeK, Ho BHyTpIi noÀyIIIeK
    HMeeTCfl TBepÀ,a'I ocHoBa B BIiJIe 4Byx napa^^e^bHblx, npoqHo cKpen^eHHblx
    iI
    Al)yl c Âpyt'oM, 4oCUK.

    )/

    j
    rr
    P vtc. 22. Cxoua yc,rpoficrBa cegra.
    rror\r'txai ô - ' , , , , n ' , p 1 r . , , ;, , 1 . - , , , , . r r u u , " , , , , r r ip e m c r r n ; e - p r . u r r r , r B n 3 h r B a m u r c r . r ' y u K x
    JHarplAHhx;
    , r'rpr,È,raTXa- i ril'rt upuqHhtM p(.N!r.tlKi,Nr.

    Ce4aa n y3À,er{Kprflaerrptrncnoro KypraHa npaHag^e}Kar c^or.,oBrir'Mc,'


    TfinaM, npocyrgecTBoBaBurHMHa npoT.sE{eH}.ru ge^ofo lbrcrqe^eTHfl (ys4a c V n.
    .q,or{. a. Ilo VI H. e., BepoqrHo-TaKà{e r.t ceÀ^o). C,tox<nancl H onpeÀe^eH-
    HbIe [plieMbr o6parueHar c KoHeM. vnameu, qro y3+1y HaÀ,eBa^r.rBcefÀ,a c ^eBori
    cropoHbr, ceÀÀaÀH KOH' ro c ^eBoii (6 na6aro4eHufi), ro c npaBoË cropoHbr
    (3 Ha6aroaenur), caÀ,n^Hcb Ha KoHr BcerAa c npaBofi c.ropoHbr, a He c ^eBor;,
    KaK 9TO Àe^aloT coBpeMeHHbtea^Tafiubr.
    Bepxonoii KoHb 6br^ Bax{HeùrurlM cpeg,crBoM nepe4Blr?fieHrzff,r'ÀaBHbrMo6pa-
    3OM À,^.a pa3be3ÀoB npH Bbrno^HeHEr] BceBosMoï{H*x xosrficTBeHHblx nolpe6-
    Hocrefi fi n,^n BoeHHbrx npeÀilpr4.qrr4rï. B naqecrBe r.rr2KeÀoro rpaHcnopra A^'l
    nepeBo3Kr,r pa3^HqHbrx fpy3ou, irpezlrAe Bcero goMaruHefo H xo3âficrBeHHol.o
    I{MyIgecTBa np}:I nepeKoqeBKax, ucrroÀbsoRa^ocb /lpyroe }r{HEOrHoe- 6rrx. {ea
    tpMa Ir qacrb ap6bl, o6Hapvii(euurrle il uorurrr'Hofi -sMe, yKa3brBalor Ha ro, qlo
    4A2KeB Tarax 6ea4opo?nr{btxpafionax, xar BocroqHorfi A-trtafi, solN4o}KHo6rr,\t,
    no"\bsoBarbcs r.sf,\oB()fi cr4^ofi 6biKoe. f{pl,ro npHcnocod,reHo g,^r e34br B rop-
    HoË MecrHocru. OHo npeÀcraB,\Her co6oË lfiep4b g^HHoro 6otee 2 M c orBep-
    cTaeM nocpeÀ,HHe .4-\ri npr{Kpen^eHu'l K 4btill^y 14,J.ByMs.napaMH oTBepcTr.rË Ha
    KOHgAX, Ky4a fiOMerga.^ucb irel,l 6rlKoe Me]ri.4y IlapaMH BcraB^eHHbIX B 3.l'rl
    orBepcrna ro^crbrx npyroe (puc.23). Errxu enpara^Hcb B raKoe rpMo Ha pac-
    CTo.ffHHLI
    onorro 1.4 M oAHH oT gpyloro,.rro t.,6ecne.rlrBa^oLIM ceo6o4y.4,BH?fie-
    HUtr rrpr4 esge rlo KocoropirM a Ha Kpyrbrx noBoporax. or ap6tr coxpaHrr^acb
    To^bKo qacTlr 6oKoebrx creHoK - BepxHrt lIpoÀ,o^br.ra.flrfiepÀb g^r.rHoft s 2.16 Nl
    fl ÆBe nolrepeqHbIe nepeK.^aÀ,I{Hbt.flo s'rltNt ocTal'IiaM Nlo}t{Ho 3aKÀK)rtrrl'b. rrr()

    58
    I
    i
    I
    I
    I

    ,H a

    P u c. 23. fna rpnra (pexonc'rpyxgan).

    ap6a 6rraa He6oÀburrâx pasMepoB À^LIHoro B À,Ba Merpa co creHKaMH Bbtcoroii


    rreMuofo 6orree no,rylrerpa.
    B yc,toenax 6e.s4opoxuoro Br-,croqnoro A,ttas Bo3MoiKuocrrl p,Atr KoÀec-
    Irofo rpaHcnopra B(.cr!MaofpaHttqeHbl. llpu flepenoqeBKax Ha ga^bHlle paccïotl-
    ÉrH.rîaptSa lre npnMeHHva. d,\r ilepeilo3Kril's?KecreË nasrrpbrRcKoe rr:\€Nlf{ ftoÀrr-
    3OBâ.\ùCb,flepi),1'i'i!(),1'ai(}tie Eo.rufiylflcii lr Iibrf|{Hbl\{ Tpar{cnopToM"

    fioiu n gomaurntrJ{ yrBa},b

    Coopymelrue B Moru^e l-laeupr,tncnofo Kyprana sHaKoMIIT rtac c xopoûIû


    pasearofi 'rexsnroii 4oMoc'rpoure^bcrrra. fla:ntput<cxoe n.\eNllt xopolro B,ra4e.Ào
    lexHtrxofi coopyrfieHllfr cpy6nnx .4,oMoBIr, IrecoMHeHHo, N{Ii-lo l Tiir(Lrx go\Iitx.
    C'resrr 6peeeuuarux .4oMoIl py1utucn B 3aMoK c ocrarKoll. EpeeHa n^o'I'Ho
    npnror{x^}Tcb o"Ano r( ÀpyroM}', so 6e: Iia3oB, a ny'reM nÀocKorc) 3arecbtBaHfilr
    Bepxsciâ iroBepxuoc'tn HlrifiHero 6pearra. BosuoxHo, qro e 6orarblx ,4oMax il^c-
    $rexHofi a po4oeoii :lrrâTu 4e,rlr.rrricb H .4epetsqr{Hbrefro^br lrr xopouo orecanlrbl\
    ll,'ra>:. llrraxH HacrEÀa^r-rcb rpffMO Ha :.]eM.\K) u^H Hâ Kanyrct-alr60 [o/IcTLI^Ky,
    Kar(, Hanpr.rMep,Ka\4eHHyron l-trasr,rpbtKcKo\r KypraHe. Illnnoe u^H r,pyritx Kpen-
    aenr,rË À,^s coe4nuenur coceÀHllx u^ax He rpuMeHrÀocb. TaKEe cpy6nrrle g,onra
    6irr,ru urpoi<o pacnpocrpar{eHbr KaK Hil A,rrae, TaK u B Jlpylnx paËouax rcxnoir
    iiri6riplr ri ita:axc'rasa, Ha q'ro yKa3bIRai'T Iroc'i'o,aHHocHaxo?T(ÂeuI{ecpy6orl

    59
    B Morû^ax BpeMeHH pauulrx KoqeBHHKoB. Ilpurranrneuue cpy6nnre coopylKeHlll
    xaparrepnbrur ë,^n norpe6ennË anoxa 6poneu. klao6pa?KeHlie ge^oro noce^Ka
    co cpy6nurrus a,oMaMr,rirpe4craB^enc, ua EoxpcKofi nqcaHl,Ige n Mnnycnscxofi
    crenr{, 6rrusnofi rro BpeMeHH x fla:oIpurcKoMy xyprany. 32
    Cpyïuwu À,oM À^r nasblpblncKol'o n^eMenu 6rt,t ne eALtHcrBeHHoû çoprvrofi
    )Krr^urga 11, BeporrHo, He ocuoBHofi, ue nau6o,tee pacnpocrpaueuuofi. Vcrporî-
    c'l'Bo B Moru^e geofiurrx creu, npocrpal{crBo MerxÀ,y KoropblMlr sano^Hello Mc^-
    KriM KaMHeM, yKa3breaer Ha npaKTIrKy e 6nrry coopyrrennfi c 6oaee ^erK?rMLt
    4eoËuuuu creHaMII, 3arIo^HeHHbrulr x.axana-,trl6o pblx^LllM Marepl{a^oM. 3to
    Mor^u 6rrrrr nprauurllBnble xult{Itnbr, nogo6uue Ma3aHKaM Te^eyr, creHbl Ko1'o-
    pbrx cÀe^aubr It3 g,Byx fl^erHefi H 3acblrlaubl BHyrpII eeN{r\eË,33 kr^Ll raKItM :'I(e
    ''t
    ?rçlr^KrgaM [ropgeB, Kbrsbr^bgeB n 6aurnr.rp.
    Ha,ru.rue B KoHcrpyKgr{[ Morr{^b}roro coopyâ{eunr 6aaon, yrBepx{g,euHbrx
    ua croa6ax, fl xapanTepHntfi npneu Hacru^a noro^KoB (nr,Ipauuznaune eepxueli
    noBepxHocTlà, a He HH2KHefi,xan 6rrt gto cÀeg,otsa^o ÀÀt noTo^Ka) ynaslteaet aa
    npaKTHKy coopyà{er{r4r{ Lracrr.r^oB, no.4,Htrbrx Ha4 seu,refi. 3'ro uoraz 6ltrn no-
    clpoËnn rrirna aM6apoB rl^E xpaHrr^Hrg pasrroro xosJrficrseHHofo ltMylgec'r'Bl,
    r(aKrre crpo.fl'r coBpeMeHHbre ruopgbr.
    Kporeaounrna Marepaa^oM g,^.â Bcex aTI,IX BrI.4,oBnocrpoen 6r'r,trl ancrgeH-
    rrrrquarr Kopa u 6epecta. O4naxo o KoHcl'pyKgI{LI KpbIIxI{ cyë,n'lb rpy4no. Korr-
    l(perHbrx ynaraunË Ha ero Haxo.4KIr llarolprrlrcnoro KypFaHa He Aalor. Ho o6pr-
    .,rEe ga6,[aroBpeMeHHo 3afoToB^eHHoii gtn uoKpbrrut Morn^bI Kopbr yKa3blBae'f
    [Ia IIIHpoKOe ee HCnO^b3OBaHIreA,\fl 2l{H/\fiIg 14, tsvt4l4Mo,Ile 'rOÀt'I(O À^t Kpblirlr'
    uo rr KaK ocHoBHoro Marepua^a 4,ra ycrpoËcrea ^erKLIX pa:6tiprtirlx H^ll nepe-
    'fe
    rlocubrx )Krl^urg. Henu<-lrue lpeÀMerbi, rITo coxpal{lT^uci, n nclrpe6a,rrut-rii
    KaMepe, yKa3brBaror ua no.iesoii o6pal xrneHr{ na3brpbrncKoro lr^eMenu. Otcyr'
    crBylor ocraTKr{ naxnx-au6o HeilpHMeHHMbrx B KorleBorvr6rriry npe4ueroe. Saro
    r(aMepa y6pana eofir\oKoNl (onoao 20 lte. rr,r), e Hefi Haxogll^lrcb raK xapaKrep-
    uble À^t KoqeBHIrKoB y:rorop,rufi cocy.4,, Ho?KKa HIrgeubKoro cro^llxa, no4yruKa,
    c^yi(rrBniag, 6rrrn Mo)r{er, r,.\A cvrÆeHb* flpounrre A,oMa c^eÀyer pacc.MarplrBa'rb
    KaK gIzMHne 2rn^ulga Ha Mecre 3ItMoBoK. Àeruuru 2tiH^LI[leM Bo BpeMq ûepc-
    r(oqeBoK cÀynin^H, or{eBrtÀHo, ^erKne rrla^aluu, Kpbrrble 6epectofi, xoncefi, MexoM,
    BofinoxoN{. Ha nrecre 6o.tee Â,rnre^bublx ocrauoBoK Mor^n coopy}Karbcfl ocraB-
    ^reMbre Â,o c^egyrolgefo ro,q,a dorree npounbre IIJa^aurIr, Kpbrrble ^HcrtseHuuq'
    nofi nopofi, Eurru n^eMeHH I(pbITbIe nofirronon, rco-
    ,ru e 6nrry [asblpblKcKoro
    àçefi u^rl 6epecrofi noBosKH. KaK y cKHlpoB, MaccareroB Ir g,pyrtlx KoqeBHI{KoB
    ApeBuocrlt, cKagarb rpy4Ho. 3ro naor",ro6utn :ururn B ToM c^yrrae, ec^u nyril
    r(oLIeBaHIrt flagblpbrncKoro n^eMeHIr BbrxoglrÀIi Aa^eno ga npege.\bl Boctoqnoro
    Arrtan 14 npeoÀ,o^eBa^Iicb xor 6or e ocHoeHofi ceoefi qacra c noMolqbro KoÀec-
    Hofo TpaHcnopTa.
    Koqesofi o6paa xrasuu Tpe6oBa^, q'ro6rr À,oMarxHt.fl yrBapb 6nt,ta rtopra-
    À,aHr{ble o6 sroNt rl roBopflr'. I ia,,rnqnc
    l'r-rnHofi, He6rrrcrgeficx. Bce nverorsr{cct

    60
    l--_-

    Tccci, KoropbrMn o6pa6arb:Ra.{acb KoÀo1tâ, ,t À,o^or û qpe3Bbrqafisoe o6n,rue


    xyÀox(ecrBeHHbrx pesHbrx rr3Àe^nii yKa3brBarcT Ha pa3Bnryro rexHlrKy o6pa6orrn
    À,epeBa, Ha npaKTrrny asroroB^euna 4o.,r6aeubrx LrBÀ,e^Hfi,rpoge qaul, KopbIT II
    KO^OÀ,,r{ Me^KHX pesAHHbrX HO}ï{OMnpeÀMeToB, BpOÀe qalûeK, ^oir{eK H g,pyrllx.
    HeconrneHno, ynorpe6,,rx^acb LI 6epec'rauaa nocyga r{ yrBapb, nocKo^bKy nasbl-
    pl.rKcKoe nÀeMr rxupoKo npr4MeHr^o 6epecty B crpoure^buoM 4e^e I,I Kopy
    Mo^oÀ,brx 6epeeor El.tr on,refixw ÀepeBrHubrx w.sgetuir. OcodeHHo lunpoKo
    ItoÀlfiHa 6rrrra npH*reHrrbcr Kox{aua.fi u MexoBar rrocy4a..v pasuat xossfictseH-
    rrar yrBapb. flpercpacHofi pa6otnr MexoBarr apÀsra HaxoglT^acb nplr oAHoM a3
    norpe6eHnrrx n Morz^e xosefi (ra6,r. XXIV). Pona o^en Ha MacKe
    (ra6,r. XXIII) rB^rrorcrr o6pasgo,r,r BecbMa coBgprrrennofi 'rexnaxu ulltrbt
    QHrypHbrx KorxâHbrx nsgçe.nnË, nr,rpa6orannofi, oqeB!rÀHo, npI.I HgroroBÀennr,I
    npeÀMeTOB rrpaKTIlqeCKOfO r{aSHaqeHltq, B nepByro oqepegb no-
    ECeBO3MOIT{HbIX
    cy4rr. Haxoneg, H r^r{Hrrra-s nocy,4a, ne ceo;ic'reeHHas coBpeMeHHbrMKoTIeBHLI-
    KaNr, r.rMeerxapaKrepHyro À,^r HoqeBHnKoBcKuQcKoro BpeMeHu QopMy - y3Ko-
    ropauË KyBrrrHH.Tanrre cocyJbr flpaKTr.rqrrbrB yc.\oBnllx Koqeeofi ?]iII3Hfi, TaK
    I(aK co&ep}fillMoc ux rle pacfi.\ecKl{BaeTcfl H He Cpa3y BlrlÀ[Baercfl nPH Onpo'
    I{I{4bIBaHHH,KpoMe rofo, oHH n 6o.tee npolrHbt.

    Ifnranse

    ffocxo,tnry ocHoBHbrM BH4,oM xos.rficrneHHofi 4earearuocrlr rra3blpbrKcKof()


    n^eMeHLt 6rr,ro cxoroBo4crBo, a 3eMie4e^fle, BHÀ,r{Mo, coBeplxerlHo orcy'rcrBo-
    Ba,to, ôcHoBoË nzragug À,o^?KHbi 6rr,ru 6r'rr:r ntlcHbre n Mo^orruble npoÀ.yKTbr,
    'raK KaK, HecoMHeHHO,flO^yrra.eMbreoT oceÀ,Àbrx 3eM^eÀ,eÀbl[eBnpoÀ,yl(Tbr 3eM^e-
    jl{'e^afl l{Mer\Ircb ^I{trb B olpaHr.rqeHHoNr Ko^nrlecTBe (ecnolruuu, 9To :\/qrxHc
    KOI{H npeÀ,CTâBHT€:\€fipOÀ,O-II^eNfeFrrC]Ë
    :narH He MOr^n 6nrrr' noauoctnrc o6ec-
    neqeubr BepHoBbrMIrxopnaanau). Momno flpe&no^ararb, trro ravussufi KyBIiluI.I
    6br,t nocrae^eH B Morn,ry c KaKnM-To Mo^or{HbrMHarr[TKoM. flossouxu 6apaulr.
    Kar{ y?Ke orN{eqeno Bbr[re, yKa3brBaror, rrro paTyaÀbuofi nurgeii 6r,r,ra ecelga
    6apaurua û qro ^yqiluM Kycr{oM ee .ac^fl^cs Kypg,roK. C.reÀyer orMernrb, qr()
    Bo Bcex norpe6eunax, nan 6orarux, Tai( u 6e.4,Hnrx,tscerÀa HMerorcfl ^H[rb r^r{-
    lr.sirbre KyBrrrlrnbr, oqesr,IÀHo, c HanLITi{aMr.r,L KypÀron 6apana, rJacro c np}l^\l-
    t'arclteË qacrblo tyruri. Bc:nroàiHo, rlro B MorllÀax 6ntta u Apyras niltga B Àcpc-
    lurslroii, 6epecr:auofi a nonçanori nocyg,e, Ho He r\rrc!{ag.

    O4erx4a

    Xrlrn rltt<atriax oc1'arxoB o4eixlxbr e ffasr,rçrrrrtcKoM K),praHC rrc c(r.\panu-


    ÀoCb, HO O XapaltTepC o/lfi{{À na3lllpblKCKofO n^eMeHH MOâ(Ho cy/[uTr, nO II€K0-
    '
    TopbrM KocBeHHbrM yr(a3aHuaM. Ilperx4e Bcero orMerr,rM raxoÀ,Ky uepcr.rrHbrx
    txanel'r He MeIIce, qeM or rrflr'It pa3FIbIX Kycr(oB Kpacuoro H )r{e^Toro uÊera, TrIûa

    6/
    li,:*)

    P r.c. 24, Ylopxoe rIIItTbe pr3 t;ueraolà iioitt& fi xrexa.


    / - u c x o , r l l a \ E o c l r r , l r r { r p a r u e P H y l o r rr u 4 c ) o ' r ' y 6 o | a } ! 5 ; ? - ' t o r r r t , r ' - i , t p . !, \ i 1 1 1 :. l - { t r ( , h a t l { ! ) - \ r l l : ' .

    no,\orIIa H capàirL Taxrre l'r(altr u.li{r'ioe-\ff.\ticL.. KOlrcq}i{), Ire Â.\fl tl6,tugonrlt

    nC$orririltqx yqacTKOLl CCÀe.\, il I...aut1bili ct6pa:,",t..L-\lt Irtrlfbt lI:', HlIx OÀ,ei'.{Âbi.

    llaantpirrxcxoe n^eMr, Hecourie Frr-l('.i:no rpe6.r a.ro ( ,Je:d;bi. cttltl'l'ble 113 'roariltii

    rilepc'rFHbIX 'rxauefi.
    t{pe:erivaiiuoe o6n,tue pa3Hblx lto glre f!' lt Farlcr"l"Jy trtepcTli ToFII{IIX' n'tK

    tperp, noii,roKoB, He rrgBecrHr,rx B npaK'r'r.rKc ccBpe\ieHHbrx crellHlrIX KoqeBHI'lKCEr'

    l'ofir)prr? o ix?rpoKoM llplzMeHel{ull TaKofo lrtlit.ioxa e 6nrry. Bpng ,ru 6y7icr

    oruu6xoi': crrn'r'arb, ltro ronnrlii nciiaor ts Jpi'Ètioc'ru rlpeÀFIallii-irJi[-\cs,4.\tl

    1lltrb.ff rr11fKari or4elnÀ, I-t ^ITrIrb cpaBrlIl1'e^bHo HeÀaRHo 6u.n r,lrrl'lecuetl'l'tialltMlI.

    r^aBHb!M o6parovl, tturaËctroro II cpe4rtea3IlaTCK()rO, a 3a'I'c.v I4 p:,/alcrOrn 11poJ


    I-I3BOJ.CTBA.
    OÀnarto ocr:toItHrtlM ]ra'rcpfia^oM .4''lifl oAelriÀbl Ào^IjIIlr! 6u'ntt t-'l'trt' Ko?{<''t !l

    Mex. qpe3Bbrqariso rlir.rpor{o rrcno.rrb3oilaHr{brc B fla:r.rpu,ltctl(rr,t Iiyprailc ,4'tt ca'

    MbrX pa3HOo6pa:rrtul rr:Ae.ltlfi, Il3roToIl^teMblX t€rlepb O6ll']H() tr:t rxaHti. C;r-

    MbrM paCnpoCTpaHeHHbM, itcerl,il IIMeIILIIHIIC'I ilOÀ pyriOfr l{:rTepl4a,\orrl 6OLra

    KolI(a, a He TI(aIJrr. floeroitly, rlanpllx'Iep, tlyqoK 9o^oc, crryxiulltlaii, rll-{1X,1'INro'

    r{aKIaM-TO AS{V^eroM, 3aBepHyr rle B TptflI4gy, li '] iocKyroK KL\]KIJ-

    kltp3tun fIa:rorpnrxcriofo i{ypraHa !T:i Ko?iirl, Mexa u rorrKoro Boù;\oKa }Kpa-


    'fex àîe ,verepaaaoe. CDurypbl' tsblPe3anxtble !I3 oÀHofc
    Ha^r.rcb ann,\t{KalJneii uc

    62
    lr--

    Ma'l'cpfia,\a, HaLUr{r.ia^uct)
    rra noBepxHOcrb ltpyforo (ra6,r. v, l) n,rra tsbrpcJa-
    ^HCh 'pa3y Ha ?iByx KycKax pa3Horo Ma'r'epaa^a fl SareM qlHfypr,r, BblHyrr,rc H3
    og,Horo KycKa, BlurrBa"\rrcblJ npope3br ,4p/roro (puc. 24, l, 2), utu, HaKoHeg,
    KoM6lrHr'rpoBa,rncr, o6a croco6a (puc. 24, j). Tanaa rexHhKa yKparxeHnff, oqe-
    BH.4HO,IIpaKTLIKOBa^aCbn npH rlrrTrre oliex(À.
    Eo,ree rconrper'bre npe.ircraBÀeHlrn c6 ogexge, mraroi, r.r3 ù{exa, noàrir, eoir.
    ^oKa r{ rxanefi 4aror HaxoÀ,Ru e KaraHÀ,HHcKOÀ.{Kypr.aEe rr He1{ilBi-r0pacKolaH-
    HoM Bropor\{ llasnrporncnolr.

    '8"*roonuo
    rex.Err!Ka

    o4eyx rlrnax coy?lirr.rr 4alor upeÀcraB,\e'r{e Haxo4r(r{ fla:uprrrrcroro Kyp"


    raga - trrnTax n 6oesor.{ rieKaue. IUnru (ra6"r. X) c4eaaurr, BO3MOàsHo,cne,
    guaÀbHo À,ta norpe6eHrir, Ho, rrccoMHeHHo,repeÀaFor ocHoBHble oco6euuocta
    Hacrorqlero 6oenorc opy?Krrr. Kaixg,lrfi rgHr cocror{r uz 35
    ÀepeBÂHHbrKna^o-
    rreK, cK[ie[^eHHbrx KycKo\r rouxcfi Komn, B Kol'opy]o
    oHtl ilpoÀerbr rrepe3 npo-
    peSaHHbre orBepcrr'rrr, o6pa:va !repen,\e'r, uanoirrHuaror!rrri rr^ereH!l€i
    TKaHH.
    fronnguvonry, raxofi rgur lr:o6oaà{eH rr pvKa-\ BorrHoE Ha 3o.\ororr npe6ne r:
    KVpreHa coaoxa. cyaa no HaxogKe ocrarKoB JepeBr'Horo rgHra B Kapvup-
    6,rype, rr.\eleHbre rtr'rrbr B Apnrenuu, a raKi{e rgHTbr po(co-\aH il ÀpeRltHX ref)-
    MaH{.!erJ,O r(oropbrx coo6rgaro'r aHTHrtHbteaBTopbr, 6or.trv gnoro ycrpoficrea. Tan
    Kar( na3brpbrKcKr.rerlJETbl 6u"trl npnBr3anLrr r( ce,4^y A :r,axo1rlç:ltCr S toâ qac.rlr
    McI'H.Àbr,rÀ,e He 6rr,to *runaxoro gpyroro ooy?Klr.fl, MolI(Ho ÀyMarb, rITo oHn yno-
    rr:e6ag,rnco cpaBHHTeÀbHo peÀKo r.I Àeplxa^Hcb B pe3epBe ÀuLuL! na c,ryvafi
    pyrcclflarxsoro 6os.
    Eoeeofi qe*a,H Boccra'ats^r{Baercs no c^eÀaM ero ygapoB. t{epena Bcex
    t\ecs.'ïv xoHefi npo6r{Tbr ocrpbrM opyÀ,HeM, Koropoe npn caa6r,rx yÀ,apax ocrâB-
    '\,tÀo Ha xocrra ue6oÀbrllke KBa.4parHbre o.r.Beocrlrr{ pa3Hrrx pa3MepoB, a npH
    cH^bHbrx yëapax npo6rjea,,ro r(pyrrbre orBepcrHfl 4riaMerpoM e 18 Mra (puc.25).
    B o4rrora c,\yqae ocrpl{e opyrLtn, npo6ne r{epen, BoHslirocr, B rrpo.r'Boflo.\or]i-
    HyIO CTeHKy qepenuofi ropo6xn rr ocraBH,\O BgaB^eHHOCTbOT pyKotrKtr oKoÀo
    BXOAHO|OOTBeOCTlt,I,qro I1o3Bo,\rT.\oonpeÂelr]Tb A^r.rHy 6oeeoË qacrpr opyÀHr,
    oKasaBrxyrocx paeuoË 9.7 c*c. Tarau o6paoorra,6oeeas qacrb opy4H' rrpeltcraB-
    ,rs,ra co6oli xpyranui creplnenb À,rlaMerpoM s 18 uu, g,ruuofi e 9.7 cla, sa-
    ocroesnrlft Ha qerbrpe n.\ocKnx rpaHn. Tanre opyiti4fr Mbr 3rraeM. 3ro 6poHso-
    Bbre r{eKaHbr, rxHpoKo pac[pocrpaHeHHbre s Mr.rnycuucKux creflgx, Ha A,rrac
    n e Kacaxcrâse.'15
    frorpe6ennore r flaruprrKcKoM Kyprar{e Ko,qn, n.aK r! r{oH, Bo ijcex
    !,pyrtlx
    KyofaHax paHHaX'KOTJeBHHKOB, y6UrA 60eebrlr qeKaHOM.3r:o erge oÀ,Ho yKasa-
    HHe Ha po.\b BepxoBofo KoHrr e ?Ku3Hr.ipaHH[rX KOTIeBHT{KOB. BCpXOTOi'rnonr,
    6nl;r ocHonHrrrM6oeebrl,rcpeÀ,crrrol'rKorIeBHHKa,ri KoHb, conpoRo)nÀ,arorqrrfir,nep-
    utef{) B Mofu^e. 3TO, rpè?fiAe sCe|o. 6oenoii ttonn, flcerolry-ro os o6sgareaoso
    I
    63
    I
    I
    I
    P rr c. 25. ornepc'rxl, npo6urole a ueponax xdneii (l-3) u Sponsosblfi cexaf,
    nafiÀenut:Ë s Yctr-Kage Ha A'rrac (4).

    rr{Jrpe6aeTcfl c y3noii H ceÀ,-\oM, floaroruy I'i He,\b3t ero 3ape3aTb' KaI( pex{yT
    cKoT Ha MSCO.OH À,o^?Iieg 6rrrl y6zr 6oeerrÀ,I opy?t{IieM' xoTg 3To H llpegçTats-
    ÀtÀo pflA 3aTpyÀ,HeHLIfi.OAnOro y4apa 6OesrlM qeKaHoNI B ^06 o6i:lqso 5r'lrto
    HeÀocTaToqHo. floqru Bce r{epena LIMeroT cÀeÀ,r,IHecKo^bgllx yÀapoB' À,o 13 Ira
    oÀ,HoM qepene.

    O6ues Ir KyJrrtryprlltg cBfltIà

    ffalrtpntrcnurï xypraH, KaK II Bce 6orarolc Kl/-praubl BpeMeHIl paHIII{x I(o-

    qcBHHKOB, pa3rpa6-^eH coBpeMeHHI4KANIq lJcliope ngcÀc erc coopy?KeHl'Ig' Tor/lar

    KaK B npeë,rxecrByrorgl{e enoxE TaKuc c.\yqan HeIiSBecrubI. I4cr,rtoqentle:ta

    11B^rercr o{4Ho 6of aroe norpe6enue e Kataxc'rase (f,r4r4ur-


    !!eurpa,rr,uov
    6afi Ns 11), 6,tu:xoe no Bpe\IeHH K siroxe paHHHX I{oqeBHIàKoB. Oueen4trn,

    B yc^oBn.flx nepBofbrTlro-gfirgauHoro cTpCâ floxp1;1leHue geHgocTefi Ila Morr,r

    co[^eMeHHItKoB H Hx pea^Il3aggt 6r,l.tu Heeo:Mo?{tgbl. B enoxy pâ.[!HIiX KOqCB-

    r{HKoB, c pa3BHTHeM r{acTgofi co6cTBeHHccTH naTpl{apxa^bgblx ceMeft H ilotB^c'

    HIteM cTpeM^cHHt Hx K o6oraqlcHgl9, pa3BgBaeTcs u o6r4eH, KoTopblfi coBep'

    ltlae'rct Tenepb He qepe3 rlocpe.4cTBo poÀ,a, a MelIrÀy caMIIM[ B^aÀ,enbgaMH

    rre[ocpegcTBeHHo. fIoflB AfleTctr H BotMo]KHocTb pear'iH3a!!I'IH iloxalqeHHrrrx gell-


    pocrefi. PaAa .,,e.xoro o6oratgeHl'I-s [peoÀc-\eBaercs Àaxre crpax nepe{'!, noxoË-

    HgKoM. flepnufi c.\yqaË pa3rpa6^eHltfl MorI{ÀbI co[ieMeHHI]Ka IzMe^ MecTo elge

    Ir KapacyKcKoe BpeM.q. B anoxy paHHIrx KoqeBl{uKoB Bce 6oraTble \IorIl^bI pac"

    xnlga^!Icb y2tte cHcreMaraqecKl,I.


    Hona.a o$NIeHa npaBcÀa Ii 3HâeHT€ÀbHol\{y cro fjâclllupegalo, K 6rr-
    QopMa
    -^ee lIr{TeHcHBHOMy nposHKHoBeriu}o Ha 4a"1cKI{c paccTosHltfl npoÀ.yKgl'Iu oTll,êÀb-

    HbIX nÀeMen, r^aBHbIM o6pa3oM npeâ,MeToR pocKotuH. Eolarlte BÀaëe.\bIJr,I cTa-

    HoBI{^Hcb I.r o6^a.4,aTeÀtMg coKpoBLIUJ, pa3IIIqHbIx tJeHHocTefi, npoucxoÀ.ftgt{x


    qacro Hs .4,aÀerux crpaH. Ccnonsnre gerrHocrii, norpe6ellable B fIaBbIpbIKcItoM

    KypraHe, noxurgeHbl. ocraslueecs Il MorH^e 3o^oro B BlI.A,e nO3O^oTbI Iia npeÀ-

    6.4
    ÀI{IUb ltc3Ha-
    t{o.l,ax K()HcKoro y6oga, B r(o^r{qecTRe6,J^ec 100 r, flpeÀc'fal],\fle-f
    qfiTe^bHyto rlacTr, lrcxuigeHHoro rpa6ute.r.alln. 3to :)o'ÀoTo, a TaKiKe It o^oBo
    Aarae
    \,tor^u 6rtrr no,fyveHbl oT CoceI,HHx rr^CitlcH, o6nraeruzx e Sana.Anora
    pyL-
    rr ero oTporax, r,4e paspa6aTblBa^I'Icb ts 3To BpeMfi 3o^orble U OÀOBtHHbrc
    cuIIlTbI
    fivt1u, Vlz 6orree 4a,'renax cTpa' npoucxo4lrT Mex renapÀa' i'I3 KoToporo
    6u'to no'tyuurb ro^blto or
    QÀ-rrra H noÀymeqKa (ra6rr. XXI\1)' Ero uoxcso
    fTOrpe6erlnlie n flaar'IpblKe KoHll
    Iol6gbrx rpynfl cpe*HeacuaTc6ux KorIeBH1aKoB.
    raKx{e npol{cxo.4flr r.rr CpeÀ,Heii Acwr.
    n^eùr.s r1Melo a 6o-tee TecFIbIe I(y-\bTypIIrlIe cRsgt'I c n^eilIe-
    fTaentprrrcnoe
    HaMH cpeÀ,Helî Asuu, a qepe3 r,{!tx û c Hpauorl, rtro orqer^gBc npoc^ex(ll-
    Baercr no naMtrHaKaM IrcKyccrBa. cpeI.u y3opoB, ]tKpaIxalotllHx npeÀMerbl
    IÏasrrpnrr<cxoro KypraHa, ecTb cBoeo6pa3Ho oQopl.l:reuHrte BocnPorl3Be4eHrlfl
    .4peBHeBOCTOrrHbrx pacrlrre^hHblx opHaMeHTOB.fÏa'trverra Il -\oTOC, :)anMcrBo'
    BaHHbIe,BO3MolriHo,c TJpaHcKLIX o6Oa:t-!94, nog6[Hblx OOHaMeHTylla IJatig,eHHOM
    30
    rÀe-TO n Crr6uplr cepe6OqHo\t !lIîToHe axe\teHIl.LcKoro Bpel\{eHI!' Bnno,nnetlr,l
    n o6btr{Hoii J-\fl na3brrlblKcKoro n.\e\teHII TexHIlKe I{ a)ilygllblfi 6a-
    p e ^ b e t p , B e c b \ r â v n p o r g e H b l . n e O e p a 6 O T a H bBI c T l l . ' ' e l r e c T H o r o r I c K y C c T B aH . o RCe
    ? r ( eM o r y T 6 u r o o n o : r a n r ' l ( p r r c . 3 0 ) . T a s r r e , 1 o t r a \ ! 1 l I T I .B! c l ' D e q e H bIIt B . 1 , p v r f i \
    naMsrHrrKax Aara.s (Eepe,lr, Kararr:a).
    Ceoeo6paanrrfi crz,tacrntlecKtrË npgeM - no\ler4eHrre Ha re.\e ?KnBorHoro
    $urypoK B BI,IÂe Kpyà{KoB, 3anrtrblx, <(noÀ,KoBoK)> ri !'1yrtx-. TaK xapaKTepnblii
    .4Àr HcKyccTBa paggr4x Kor{eBrrIîKoB A,lras I,I nOeÀcTaB.\eHHbIii MH6TIIMH npxMe-
    paMn R FlaeorpotncnoM KypraHe (puc. xapaKrepeH v n^fr nepcnÂ'
    35-37),-
    cKoro llcKyccrBa axeMeHlrÀcnoro Bpet{eHI{. flpr'rHaro cqvrarh, qro npHeM sTor
    'rena,
    -ianMcrRoBaH nÀeMeHaM[r Cwlupw I.IB nepcfiH wIfi Vlpala Boo6IIre. Mex.4y
    sâ A^Tae r.r, B rracTHocTû, B llaarrrpr.rxe pToT flpveM npe4craBÀeg B Hau6o^ee
    pa3noo6pasubrx ôopMax l.,ll, 66-roruei!I Ito-\IIlIccTBeo6pa3goB" SaeCn oH opranlt'
    qccKg cBgsaH c oco6egnocTtMu c'îy"A;-t1 aexHHKH I,r3o6pa3fiTe^bHolo HcKyccTBa'
    rrero He^r)3lr cKa3aTb npo tIcnyccTBo nepcoB. Bogrlllr< otr, B?IÀ,HMo'B TeXHHKe
    aIIn^HKarJHrrBbrpe3Hblx cpl^y3THbix H3o6palfiel{Hfi ll: rcoxu, Mexa u Eofi'\oKa II
    6u,t nepenecen taTeM B TopeBTHKy. He peuraa noKa Bonpoca oKoHqaTeÀbIIo,
    ()TMETIIM, IITO KYAbTYPHbIE B3AUMOOTI{OU]CHHq ITCPCOB CO CTCNHbIMI'I KOI{EBHI'IKAMtr,I

    He 6br^H ogHocropo11HuMw. tr43lrecrHo, rITo KoqeBHItI(u Cpe4neii ,\:us unae-tu

    \,tHoro so.\ora, qro oHH HeoÀHoKparHo BoeBa^fi c EepcaMH, BxoÀI{nH B quc^o Hx

    /'!;.tHHIIKOB H 9T() 3tl;\rl1'ble Ir3ÀC,\I{t 6Irr,rlt coctasqoii '{acTbio À,aH}I Heco\{tieHgo,


    3O^OTbre H Àpyf He x y À o ? K ec T B e H H b r e ir3Ae^rIfi KoTTeBHIIKOR 13 3tIaqtlTe.\bHoM
    KOI[qeCTBe rrpor{r4Kâ^r4 K nepcaM n Àpyfr4rvr I4par{qaM Ir He NIO|J\Ii HC ocTaBHTb
    Ky^brype. tlepe: cpe,4l{ea3HarcI(HX KO-
    :aMerHofo c^erx,a B n:( xy4o?KecrBeHHofi
    rreBHHKoB n flepcrlrc Mor^H npoHfiKarb u Àocralr{eHnr Kynbrypbl Àa^exux II^e'

    nres Aa'rag.
    Arrtaficxufi Kpbl^arbrfi 'IIIf p npeÀcrats-\ter co6ofi orrlr vt? BapI{aHToB
    lI]LIpoKo pac[pocrpaHeHHoro B cepe]Illlle Ilepl]ofo rblcfiqe^eTHt Ào H. 3. MIroOÀO-

    5 M. n. rp""son 6i
    P u c . 2 6 . ! ( o x a n a s e l r I r l . l I x a { n t i c t r o K P b t l r I K I 'cI e 4 - l a . \ Ë 6 i p e x o u c r p y x g u a ) '

    l . s t l c c r r . L ri ) g i - r o a i J ; i- - r{r1(i)oria. ]-latt6r-i-,,cc 6.r.rir:ori K lreMy Hpa}rc1(lI;i LiapHaltr.

    ItoToptllir oT^rlqiicrct: Àalrlb TeM, qTo HMecT Ty^oBIrIge ^brla, a l;c'l'rlffil'


    ()'t liclo
    37 apauc6i'Ie t43o6pa?KeHa'I
    a Ba.4,HHe ^anbl gaMeIIcHIrI fiTr4rIbLlMV HoraMH. l4norga

    tr cTt4uucTatrrecKu 6^ra3I{11 Ii i1-i,TaI'-,.i{Et\{, HanpLIMep Ha 6pacaete Aruy'aapnuH-


    B8 - 3TO erge or'I,I4iI
    cKoro K.\aÀa. Errn:ocrb npaHcKoro rpEQoHa K a^TaËCKOMy
    noKasaTeÀb KyÀrrTypHIrIx cts13eii A.tra.q c l4panona. Ognaro o HerlocpegcTgcH'

    a^T'afiC(14x n^eMeH
    rrçry( Ky,l.rJTyOrror,{ O6r::.res1114 C IIpâHCKII{!{I1 HapoLaMl,t He Molt{c'l'

    6rrrn lr peqtl. B aToM oTtloùtcçiuu LlqrepecHo II3o$PalKeHIIe (lopb6bl I"Byx rlyÀo-

    RI,IUJ Ha ce{^o .lVt 6 (Alrc. 26). llpa.soe qy4otsI4lge B 3rûii cgeHe_- o6uIqnnIfi
    - TaKofi ?11eKpbr^a.T;iît .;wrp, Ho c ro^onoii
    À,nr{ A_lTa Kpr,r,,ra.TÊrfi Trîfp. ^eBoe
    op^a, KaK 3To qacro r{Meer tllecro w B HpaHe, 1,1Ha A^TAe, 14, rrTO 3al\4eqare^bgo,

    3altli,kte ÀanL,I efo ()KaFllivBaloTcfi He KorTgM!{ Tlllpa, a .4^IlHHbIMI',l flTnqbHr'lu

    iia A,].lae lI3c6llt]KaÀIrcb B 6opb6e RcerÂa To,rblio pa3gble


    t r a , r b - r _ I a M u .T a x ran
    gBa pa3}IbIX tiy.4o-
    rryJ,oButgâ ï :rpep?r, TO H p sTait BIlÀeTb
    CIIeHe t{rrl À,O.r.}I{FIITI
    n6r!â - c.:lga, o6brririoa i,-irI 4.1.'ra.n, .4pyl'oe, tj cJiIlJl{ocrli rr:) x{e caMoe' Ho Boc-

    nOr{HrToe rriBlre, Ka:{ Ke'.{oe-To IIiioe. I'1:o6patlenlltlli'{ cgc!11'xyÀo}KHIiK 3Ha'^'

    e T o L I y l , o B I l ! : I . - . I t e i l , ) t : - y ' i , . i 2 : : e a T r r e H t I l r i l lr - \ 5 p i 1 : 1 I I a \ 1 .i l B y C T l { o I ; f l e p e . 4 a r { e ' f l n o -
    paccucTpeHHbrfi IlpI.IMep [clta-
    S T O M y r J e C J f M e . l .I l O a i t J ! . \ . , r " ) e r . J I o c r o o r r s s c c r u .
    LITo o6)tcH l:r:.rbr\.'nHbi\III I-ieHItccril''lll llc?f:J\/ 14oatlou u A'\TâeM ilJe'\
    rbIBaer,
    r t î p a 3 H b l l 4 C . À . O X î H i : I \III V T ' j ] 1 r r e p e : , C t À nOorlelfiyTor{HbIX 3}teHr'eB'

    I,lcrtycc"rno paHHHx KorreBHIiKoB A,nta,q HaxoÂIiT ce6e 6^s?Kafiruue ana"to-

    O6l-!,{pruucKHX crerlfix (Cn6zpcnax Ko^^eKUHt lletpa I),


    rrzrr B npr{^erarotirrrx
    lipae H B Cpcg,scii Acflu, qro yI(a3bIBae'I' Ha Haa6o^ee Tecqoe
    MnuycI.rHcxoM
    o6rgeqlte Ëx c fi^nlriafiuttrnll Coce.ûsMa. Paa apyrux saxoÀor flasnlprtncxoro

    66
    litylt"i.rl!;l no/lrlelliKJ.ii(:'I . : , ' f ( . )l { a 5 - ' r r ( ) l i ( ' i l r l i l . U - l t : 4 r ' , : r ' ( : T t \ l 0 ' i ' I l T t ) ! l ( ) - 1 l t ( ) ( l 1 ) f c y f c t l ; 1 1 c
    l(aKr.rx-.;rn61; yi{a,3ar1ri-i 1.-).riJv.^r;'i}'Prr.bre cirl3Ir r: Itulacl,r, KcT'Ùpble 'fitIt ii'tr'rlcl -^!:1lrr)

    IIpOCÀelr{IrEarorcfl 1r() uaMgTI-t!-îKaM A,nral, HaïlHI{4fl co II rl, Âo 1{' 9.

    Ilpano co6crBenffocru u ûogtra^blrbrfi ctpoË

    Cf,)anr pa:rpa6.\eHHr flarr'rprrr<cnoro KypraHa ccrBpeMeHHIIKaMrl


    PaccrvloTpolt
    l;bilrrc KaK yKaBaHHc Ha oKonqare^bHoe yrBepirÀeirue qacrsofi co6croexrtocttr
    rrarpllapxa^rHux ceuefi. Heo6xnÀrrrvo ocrarroBuTbcfl Ha gToI\4Bolrpoce erge, Tat{
    KaK He ilCÂKoe pa:rpa.6,a.e eUe MorIl^ coRpeMeHFtI{KafrrlI CBg3aHO C EHCTI,ITyTOM
    .racrHoii co6c'rBeHHilcru. I'pa6r.rrr, r{orfi^br Dlor^o Ue^oe fl^eMÂ H^Iz pon,. floxrz-
    ilIeHHbregeHHocrlr B TaKoM c^yqae \r{)r.Àrrrloc'r'yirl4Tbrl Iioâ^eKTIlBHyio co6crneH-
    HOCTbpOA.aU^U n-\eMeHI{.
    Tar< xax sce 6ofar:rre iiypfaHbr paHHrl, K()lrerillrrKouA-t'raa cucrex{a'rvqecrlI
    flaCXllrlja..\IICrr 3CKOpe ?t(C |IoC,\e IiX CO()pyÏ{etlIltl, TO-iÔ}',XHO JOnyCTHTb, rrTOtihi
    c o c c . 4 , H I 1 cn , \ e M e H a r t c - i t - r . t l6 c - l r : a K a - l a i i r . r ) r p { r 1 - r } i o J I I ' i ' b c l l c r c l ! e r l I q e c K H e H a 6 e t ' i t
    n o c , \ e K a à i J b l x I t o x r j p o H . K l - r ' , , t , r 1 ' r -ii. H a L , . \ ; { - l e H l i f l r l u K a J b l B a K l T . r l T o } l o f l r ^ b l
    palrpa6r.enrrl He oTrr-pblTo.!,lK 3T,, \1,.;.\ , ti5; 1-':r'-5npll :l ' o\';iiellHoll lta6erc,

    a cKpr,rTiro, BOpoBCliil\r ctr rco6olt. i - p a Ô l r r t - . ' t r p . l c l i t t n b l t s a . \ i l \ 1 , - rifl . \ ) ' ) ' 3 x I l \ l KO-

    -\OÀgeM, BepO.flTllo.\raC}.rl:lytCb I(allHtltll, CHIllla,\.It ilr).lo-\.ol']'lr JpyrIIe \le'\KIle


    geuuocTr.r c npeÀMeroB e r,ry6rrwe reltnoË It recsofi \Iofu,\bl npu lycK'rol'l cBerc

    :axzraevofi 6epecrr'r (lllr6e) 11.\I{ Ha Ilrr'fo-4Ke cpy6a, Ha ,AHe r,ry6ororo r<o'

    ^oÀga (KataHë,a). 3naqurerrnsat qacrb Me^Kûx 3oÀorblx yKpaIIIeHI{fi ycroÀb-


    'l'oalxo
    3a.À.a or rTX Br*lÀ{arrHg. l ila:uprrrne rpa.Sure-\Ir ii}Ie^u Bo3MotitHocrb
    EbrTac(ltBaTb npei4Merbr lrnBepx 14 'faM cHa[ra'fL c sux rjer{Fible yKpaueHlTfl, Ho
    :laKoHrlvTt, cBoro pa60T),r oFIu r{e cMof ,\I1 - uM 1l'!'o-To tIOMeIUa^O Ll OHIT He ycneÀi{

    nponnxHyrb r( .lcurarrM. Bo ncex c.À:r'qartx rpa6nrc,n.:r xopoxlo lua,ttll ycrpoii-

    cTBO MOI-H-\tt. vZ Mrtoi(ec't'Ba nOrpe(ret:iiirrx B N{ortI.\e llpeÀMeToB oÏIH rloxt{'

    irlâ.\H TO;\biio Te, I{oTopble ùro}Krla) 6ltlo ,lerito cKIlIaITb, fleoe,\I'IB lI^I{ flepeKoBall

    !Ix B HoBbIc II3Àtj,\ui. {),r,erx.atr I43 lileHllhrx \!e:\-oIt, nofi-noxa I'I lt,epreRtHtlbtr lt3ile'

    ,\H.g oHH OCTaB,\ff,\U, HO r,rce À{eraL{LI'IcCKUe qacTrl TIIATe^b]IO C)1:apal\v. c tpy-

    À , o M B b l p L l I B a ^ I , I H 3 C T C t i ) t l C i l r I f u l e r L a r l - r . 4 HI I , I { o r À a . 3 T o I{e }'/I,llJa,Àocb, 1T^aMbI-


    BaÀu ux Hapy?fiHble liac'rH.
    Kaprlrrra oa3rila6l.elrITi.{ r\{c)rI{^ flcHO nr}r{â-ibIraer, liro sro 6br.lti qacl'Hble

    irpe4rrplrflTIrr or4e^br{blx -1rIu I{,\H nc6.,-rr.iuux rpynfi, Korooble craHoBH^Hcr'


    o6.Àa,4ate.rltMr.i iloxrruJeH!irili rfcrrFroctefi. Sna.tri't, c . / I J l e cr B o B a À a qacl'Ha n c06-

    C T I I C I I H O C T iôTt À e . \ r ' l l h l X . \ 1 4 i JI l ^ H C e \ 1 e f i .
    yrdasaFirre}r Ha Ha.\!{qrre .racrnoii co6creeuuoclu c,ty}t(I.rr o6rr.Iaii
    {rpyruv
    {,eÀâTb Merr(n rra.À.ourap,Ex. Y norpe6eHHbr.:i B llaertpr,lxe xoHeii cge,taHbl Hag'

    .pesbr no Hapy2fiHoN;y xparo yueii. Y ogsoro Koi{'I cÀ,e^aH oÀuÉI HaÂpe3 Ha ilpa-
    BOM yxe, y .4pyrorc - rreTbrpe rral,pe:la raKÏie lla npaBoM, y rpeTbero - ÆBa
    Ha npaBoM r.r qerbrpe Ha ÀeBôiu. V ,rcrlrpex KoHeii coxpâHlr^ocb ro^bKo ^eBoe

    i.i: 67
    yxc) -y llByx a3 Hux c,4e^aHo no À,Ba HaÀ,pe3a, y ÀByx Àpyrux IIaÀ,pe3oB Her.
    V rpex xoueË coxpaHll^ocb ro^bKo npaBoe yxo -'y o4uoro c À,ByMqHaÀ,pesaMlt'
    y p;Byx 6es ua4pe:oe. C,re4oeal'elbHo, MerK!{ coxpaHu^Iitcb y Irlecrll ttoseË u,
    no npafiuefi Mepe, qerblpe !I3 Hnx HMelor pasnble MerKH. Àou:ageË c oÀ'HHaKo-
    BLTIMH MeTKaMtT HeT.

    9ac'ruaq co6crBeuuocrb Ha cpeÀcrBa flporr 3Bo r$TBa, npe2rrge Bcero Ha cKor'

    ao3guKarolga e4te B anoxy 6pouaol, B efloxy paHHHx KoqeBHI'IKoB cTaHoBltlc.fl

    orgo111eHnfi, qTo oTpa21tego I'I B Mo-


    cÀo2t(HBlreficx Qoprraofi npoR3BoÀcrBeHHbIX
    fu^bnbrx naMÂlHnnax. fra:rtputtcxue KypraHbl, KaK u Bce 4pyrue 6oratr,te

    r{ypraHbr paHHzx KoqeBHnKots Aaraa, pacno^o?KeHbI He6o^bulfiMH rpynnaMa

    gen6qKoË no HanpaB^egllIO C CeBepa I{a tof. 3ro, Oveen4go, (paMI{ÀLrHble K^aÀ,-

    6urga orge,rr'sux 6ora'rblx ceMefi. ffarpuapxarrbnble ceMblt yxçe HacTo^bKo 06tl-

    co6naucr B npoIIBBoÀ,cTBe H cTa^H caMocToflTe^bHofi xocsficteeHHofi .aqeûrofi,


    qro 6orarbre ceMbr.I cra^r,r ycrpar{Barb r,^fl rrÀegoB cBoeft ceMbll oco6ble QaMg^b'
    truc n-ta46nlga.
    Pacnoaoxtenne 6orarrtx Mor[^ e flaentpou<e !r B À,pyrl]x nyHKTax or.4e^b-

    IrbrMr{ gefloqKaMli roBopHT TaK2fie o roM, qro q^eHbl o.4,Hgfi CeMbU Ir3 nOKO^eHHfl
    )l lroKo^eHne 6ol,ru 6oratbl, a, C^e.4OBaTeÀbHo, $orarCreo O C T a B a À O C bn O H a c ^ e g , '
    crBy B og,Hofi ceMbe. Hua.Ie u 6lirt't> lle Mor^o, TaK KaK c pa3BHTr'reM qacTgoir
    Co6CreeHHriCt14 HepaBpbIBHO CB.fl3aHa Ii flepeg,aqa HaKon^eHHbtX 6OraTCte nO

    rrac^eÂcrBy. 14 ro u Àpyroe Be.4er, B cBolo'oqepe.4,b, K HepaBHoMepHoMy pacupe'


    Mc?IrÀy orAe^bHbIMrl ceMbqMIr. SKonoNaa'{ecKat g,KQQepeH'
    .qc,\eHr.rlo 6orarcT e
    rlr{aUII.{ o$IgecTBa, ÀoBo^bIrO scHo oTpa2KeHHafl B naM;ITHHKax elge [pei4IIIe-

    cTBylorgero, KapacyKcKoro eTana, B ânoxy paHHIlx KoqetsHIIKOB I,OCTIIT^a BecbMa

    3Harrr.rreÀbgbrx pa3MepoB. Hexotopnte or,4e^blrbre ceMblr cra^û o6^aÀ,are^rMt!


    ()rpoMubrx fiorarc'ru, rITo Molr(Ho BIIÀ,eTb Ha rlpnMepe flasuprrrcroro KypraHa.

    O rcoa.uqec.rBe rrorpe6eHHbrx B HeM geHnocreii MbI HMeeM, K cotra^eHlaro, ^ûrub

    cMyTHOe npe4cTaB^eHl.Ie. Xor.s 3Haqare.\bgal qacTb gTHx geggocTeË, KaK yBH-

    J,IIM rrllï(e, He flpuHaÀ,^eiKa^a yMepueMy, TeM He MeHee oH 6rrt.rr o6,raÀarerrent


    l(nynlrbrx ( r o r a T c ' r e , TaK Kat( 6ota'r'-tc Àapbt noKofiHt4Ky Pl nblulHocTb norpe6a^b-
    a
    t r o r o o 6 p f i À a A O ^ I K I l b I 6 o t . l l , t c o o r n e T c T B O B a T b e r o C O $ C T B S H H b I M6 o r a T C T B a M .
    f]a:nrprrrCxul'I KypraH oT,\I{qaeTct He To^bKo dorarcreoll rrorpe6eHl'It' Ho
    L{'ro6u coopyg,I'ITb KaMeHHyIo Ha'
    Ir rpagÀuo3qocrbro \{orlt^bHoro coopyxeHut.

    L'brrrb o6beMolr e 1800 xy6. v, Ebtpbtrb ç1My o6beÀ.row s 196 ry6. r r a ,s a l o T o B r ' t r b

    oKO.Ào no.^yTbrc.flqn 6peneu A.t.E cpy6a Il 3anO^HeHHfl MOrH^bI' 3aTOTOBHTb 6epe'


    -
    CTy, .ltHcTBeHHH.rH),ro Kopy, cTe6.\H KypIl.ÀbCKOro qa.fl Ha BCe 9To Ha.q,O 6bI^O

    3aTpaTLITb OipOMHoe Ko.\HqecTBo TpyÀa, Ilo caMbIM CKpOMHbIM noÀ,cqeTaM He

    NreHee 2500-3000 .{c,\oeeKo-.4,Hefi, qro Henocu^bHo oÀHofi ceMbe' Âa2re ec^H 6bt

    ()Ha r4Me^a pa6oB.3ro 6uao He rlacrllblM À,e^oM ceMblt, a o$IgHM.4,e^oM Kpy11'

    Horo KoÀÀeKTHBa, KaKI{M Mor 6bITb 6o,tr,ruoË po4 II^H ge^oe n^eM.fl. OveengHo,
    r l-la:nrprrxe norpe6eg He npocro 6oratrrË qe^oBeK' a [peÀcraBuTe^b o6lge'

    cTBeHHoft BÀacTr;r. Tax xax flaottpott<ct<ufi nyprau n p I , I H a g , ^ e ? K I ' I TK p a 3 p f f L y ca-

    68
    I
    I
    !

    2 3 4 5 5 7 8 i

    P uc. 27. Koxaqb,re y3opbr rra noÀ\Bocrubrx penrfiHr ceÂ.\a.


    (norrepa pxcynx<)B coorBarir rÈ\i(,f Eolrt'palr ceÀel).

    MbIx KpynHr,lx KypraHOB Arrta.s, qac^o KoTopblx Bp.s.4,^I't npeBblluaeT coTHro'


    A I{OÀNTIECTBO MEHbIIJIAX KYPfAIIOB B QAMH,\bHbIX K.\AÀ,6I,IIgAX HCI'sMCPI,TMO 6O OI-IiE,
    'l'o Morr{Ho
    .q,yMarb, qro norpe6eHHbrft B flaerrrpuxe 6nrrr upe4ctaBllle^eM Bbrc-
    rile; B^acrn B n^eMeHH - n^eMeHHbrM BoN{.q,eM.Ec,rz 6oratcrBo ri of)IgecrBer-
    Har B^acrb, cyÀq no gpyrr-rM QaMHJrbHbrMK^aÀ6rrrgaM Ha A^Tae, o6bl.{Ho coqe-
    1a^HCb, TO, Ha4O gyMâTb, qro KaK (rorarcreo, 'faK H Brrrcrxfie o6lgecrBeHHr't('
    Ao^zruocrrl B poÀy a n^eMeHr,r nepeÀ,aBa^r4cb no Hac^eg,crRy. Q6tgec'rrcrtuitn
    BÀAC'fb, KaK g'fo O6lrqrIo r1,^g BOeHHo-,4eMoKparl,rr{ec(oroc'f po.fi, 6r,r,la rtac.,tt'À-
    CTBCHHOfi.
    florpe6euuue B llasbrpbrKe KoHII r{Meror pasHbie Mernn rra yilax, pa3ublc
    :]IraKu co6crBeHHocrlr. Ec,la 6rrt oHH 6rrl^Ll co6crBeuHocrbro norpe6etluoro, r.c'
    (rr'taH 6rt Bce oguHaKL\Bo rroMerIeHbr, a MerKr.I Bo3MorKHblx npe2xIlax It^a,4.c^Ir-
    rJeB 6br^H 6u cnoco6oM yHHqro)KeHbr I.r.iw saMeHeHbI ÀpyrHMIl.
    xarnu-,ru6o
    O.4gaxo 3Tofo Her, H [Ia3rJrpbIKcKHxKoHefi c^e4yer cr{zrarb co6crBeHI{()c'l.r)i{)
    pa:|Hbrx B^ilÀe^bgeB, a He norpe6eHHofo B l(ypraHe ^Iigâ. 4eraÀirtlblù aHa,\rl i
    rJcex oco6eHHocrefi ceg,e^ u ygÀ,eqeKnorc.q3brBaer,qro oHI{ c/Je^aHbr cnegua^r,IIr)
    4^rr norpeoeHEt, He3az,o^ro À,o noxopoH, i,I .4e,^a/\ucb pa3HbIMH NIacTepaME I'I:!
    pasHbrx MaTepHa^oB. Her gnyx TaKRx ceÀe^, y KoTopblx 6lr,r.u 6u KaKtte-^Ha)o
    rtacTll, cÀe^aHHbre Ii3 oÀHofo H'roro 2i(e MaTepua^a u^II (]4rrrrM r.r TeM 2ïie clro-
    co6oM. .{axe n rex c^yqatx, KorÀa Ha ÀByx ce4^âx t{Mclorcrl, IIanpuMep, ()ÀIt-

    6t)

    ç
    traKoBbre rro apopMe 6a.sxlt, Molrruo Bli.4,erb, qro
    oHLt c.4,e^aubl oco6uu À^Â
    Ka?K.q,oro ceg,^â x{acrepou. ConepueHHo oqeBH,4Ho, qro KaK KoHIl, TaK a Bce I{x
    cHaprii{eHlre He nprruaÀ^e?Ka^H norpe6eHnony B KypraIIe vvv ero ceune. 3ro,
    'rHJltMo, 4apnr nor<ofiHoMyor cro nogquHeHHblx.
    Eorarue Aaprrr, cocrorrglle rrB ^yqiilero Bepxoeoro KoHf 14HogeMHoI'otrpo?rc-
    xoi*rÀ,eHn.fi,KaKITx I{e 6rt,ro e ra6yuax ocuonnoro Hace^eHltt, u .4oporofi poc-
    notnrrofi c6pyu, MorÂrl 6nrtn no4HeceHbr yMeptxeMy roibKo o'r ÀHg, o6aagarc-
    rrnx 6orarcrBaMrr rr 3aHHMarorgxx rbrcoKve o6rgecreeuubre ë,o^rruocrn. BepoflT-
    Hee gcero, rlro gro 6rr"nn 4aprr nÀêM€HHoM/ BolfiAlo or .q,ectru po.4,oB^agblK.
    Ec,rg xonn n norpe6eau.flx rrÀeMeHHrrrxeoxr4efi flB^glorcfl noÀHolileHlr,flMu
    IJoÀ,OB^aÂbrri, To qrTc"r\.) lrx B Nloru,\e go^?KHo onpeÀeÀ.gTb cocTaB II^eMeHI{
    g crMblc^e KolnqecrBâ po.4,oBbrxnoÀpa3Àe^eHuli. B ranou c^yqae cÀeÂyer ctli{-
    'rarb, rrro rr^eMr, BoifiÂb Koropofo norpe6eH B paccMarpgBaeMoM nypraue a I1a-

    3 b r p b r K e , c o c r o r ^ on : 1 0 p o a o e , n E e p e - , r .-ru. rz 16,eLilu6e -xz 14,s3-Mw{-NI


    Kyprauax flasrrpura -
    us 14 n, HaKoHeg, so 2-M Kypraue flarltpura - u.r
    7 po4oe. Xapaxrepno, qro qac^a arrl He c,ry.rafinnr, a o6Hapyxrr.rBalor onpeÀe-
    -*- BCe OHU qel'Hble, KpoMe oAHoIO, KOTOpOenpeÀ,CîaB-
    ,\eHllylo 3al{oHoMepfioCTrr
    ^rer no.loBr,rHy rpurfiÀrr na6aro.4aeMoro qzc^a, flo^oBllHy 14.. Bpag au srr.r
    3aKOHOMepHbrequc^a Morj\H noÀyqrrrbct nyreM ecTecTBeHHoro pocTa Ko^I{qe-
    crBa po&oB B n^eMeHH. *Taxoc 'roqnoe onpe.q,e^euaerpyfln npeÀ,no^araer cosHa-
    're^buoe lr nnauoMepnoe BMelrareÀbcrBo B ecrecrBeano co3Àartttr.riica nopngor

    nergefir. "t' Lllsec'ruo, rrro B flepfio.q, noesiroii geMoKparr.ra s ArraKe 6urro 'rc-
    Tbrpe nleMenr.r, Kaxrr4oe n^eMq coc?or;ro Lts rpex çparpnfi, a Ka)Kr4,a.ff -
    Qparpns
    Hs rpugqarrr poÂ,or. B Pnve 6u,ro rpll n^eMeHH, B Ka?r{.4,oM no â,ecsrb (ppar-
    paË (rcypuft), cocroarglix rr3 Aecm'rl poÀoR Ka?T{Aaq.lloÀ,o6*roe )Tçeroqnoe {)rpe^
    .4e^eH[e rpyrrfl ri3BecrHo H nAfl, HeKoropbrx nÀeMeHHbrxrr paHHeQeo.4a^bHbr)i
    o6paeonanrzfi [eurpa,rrHoii Acun. Tar soeHHo-Ae]roKparuqecxnËryHHcnnfi n.,re-
    ueusofi croro3 cocrot-\ u3 12 ,,nono,lesnfrr, - 6 gclcro.{Hrrx u 6 ganaÀHblx.'t'
    IlpegK[t yiiryp 'ra'<xe cocror^ri uz 12 ,rpogoB,r.nt Xanl (e Kopee) ÀeÀI{^tlcb
    na rpli (poga>)-B g,Byx 6uao-no 12 ,rxsaNecrB>, B TperbeM -54. t'
    Y 3a-
    rraÀ,HbrxrropoK e VII u. rr. a.ttlllu6o,ro-xason 6u,ro yupex.4eHo rrlrb Bocrot{-
    rrbrx <<noKo^ewufil,[ye,y w rrtrrb ï{e 3anaÀHbrx - Hyruu6u, flpe.q,Bog,areÀfiMgTHx
    ,,norolegnfi>> :a,*vl afinaai<oe 6rrr,ro epy.lgHo rro o{,Hofi ctperre, H c rex nop oHI4
    Ha3brBa^*rcb (TiopnaMu /..ec''rLt crpe^)). a3 Taxxe vr Kvrl,a:HHs 629 r. H. s. 6r,r,\"t
    peopraHl.rsoBaubr B Eecs'rb ..onpyronrr. an flpune4euuue npuMepbi rrosRoÀflIol
    ilpeg,no^ararb I.r y paunrx KorIeBHHxoe A,rra.a rzcKyccrBenaoe gByxc'reneHaoe
    crpoenr,re n^eMeHE, ccrorBercrB]'rorgee Àe^eHuro ero Ha Qparpltu u po4rrl. lirrto
    Morxer, neperrfi Kypran e flaeorprrr<e npr.rna.q,^eiraÀ rr^eMer{rà, cocro.sBrrreMy LI3
    À,Byx Qparpuït, oll",e4nlaaBrrrnx no r.srb po.4oB KalrÀ,as, KypraHbr s Llfule w 3-îI
    u 4-fi s flasnrpune -_ TaK?fie vB EByx çparpafi, o6regaHuemnx no ceMb po,4oB,
    e Ëepearl - It3 gByx E^H r{erbrpex tpparpufi, o6re4nnneurux coorBercrBenuo
    no BoceMb vr^z flo qerbrpe po4a (xouv nelrailr B qerbrpe prrq,a, no qerbrpe KoHt

    70
    B KalKÀ,oM). Ërrrr uoarer, ÀBa KoHr c MacKaMH B [epBoM KypraHe flaantprrlna
    npcgcraBrrre^bcrB)/IoT or ÀByx çpatpzfi na3brpbrKcKoro [^eMeHI4. Tor.4a eTopoiï
    KyprâH c 3axopoHeHlreM ceME r<oneû, uc Koropbrx To^bKo oÀ,rzn 6rt,r c naacnoft,
    c,re4oea,ro 6u crruTa'rb Morn^ofi @parpaapxa, a He rlÀeMennoro Bo?I{gt. Ko-
    Her{Ho, Bce BbIcKa3aHHbrenpeÀ,IloÀo]I{eHurl Hy}Kgalorct B rlpoBepKe LI yTot{ItcHul{
    HoBbIMIi gofio^Hlire^bHbrMr.r Ha6^roÀ,enrr-ssïpT,
    Ha Koropbre Mo]Kr'{o paccquTblBarb
    npu ga^bHeËunx pacxonnax norpe6ensfi n.relrenHofi :nar:u paunr.r)i (oqeÊtit{xoB
    A,rrras.
    HecouHeHno, qro ri B cKI,r(pcKHx KypraHax saxoponeHrrs xoueft orpaxao'r
    e ce6e crpyKTypHoe AeÀeurae n^eMeH r.r, BoBMolr{Ho, n^eMennbrx corc)goB. 14 r'au
    ncrpe6ennux noHeii HaÀ,opaccMarpnBarb KaK gapbr or r^aB iroÀ,qauenubrxyMep-
    nreny o6rgecrBeHnbrx no.4,pas,4e^enprfi. BeÀ,o HeBosMo)r(Ho .4onycruTr,. .{?oônt
    c yMepulrM Mor^I,r noxopourrrb r43 ero ra6ynoe cpasy ono,to 400 ,roura,Àeft, n
    Tp'Ji\Ho o6rsclru'rr, cMbrcÀ taroË ateprenr. Ecrec"reenHee [peÀcratsr{Tl ce6e, na-
    rrplrMep, qro K MorH^e BepxoBHoro Bo?xgr u,\lr Bi)eHar{a^bHr{Kae xypraue Vrro-
    crcoro ay^a N9 1 1898 r. rpeÀcra.Brre.\u po.4oB nprRe-^lr xouefi no oÀËioùty or
    r(alHÀoro poÀa, Ir pa3\4ecrH.\H rr\ B crpororr iioptÀKe - KoHr'r À,ec'IrH Qpa'i'pfli.1
    O.{,HOrO [^eMeHI{ peCnO.\ara.\llCb Il.) htriiiilvtO CTOpollV }rOftI.\bl, +IeCSTII rppaTpll;

    J,pyroro nÀeMeHIl no ceBepH)'lo cropoHy; KoHrj cr BocelrHaÀuarli poÀoF: naxAofi


    Qparpun npnB.s3brBa.\lrcb K orÀe.\baor"i Konosa:a. PacnpeÀe^eHle xoneii roq-
    HbiMn rpyflflanra ua6aro4aerc.s rl B Àpyrsx Kyprar{ax. Tax, e ogHoM H:] Ke.rep-
    MeccKlrx KypraHoB norpe6eurr ÀBe rpyrrnbr roaefi, uo 12 e naingofi, B p.pyloM-
    rorKe À,Be rpyrrrbr no I ronefi a nax4ofi. B l{epror,rauide n B liyprarie K'.ree,\
    norpe6eHo no rpr{ rpynrrbr noueË (4, 4 n 3}, Kaii{À,ar e orge,,rnnoË MoFH.\e.
    K conta,tesptlo, Bce 6orati,te cliizq)cl(ue KypraHbI pacl{afiblBa^I,Icb B gc]peBoÀ1o-
    grouuoe BpeMr 6ec À,ocrarorrHo Aera^bubrx r,r roqui,rx ua6,rro71euufi. floeronay
    ë,aHHrrreo norpe6a,rrHonr o6pa4e 6orrrureii rracr?r KypraHoB He r\4oryr 6urr.
    ucno^bSoBaHbr À,^Â perxerlHE paccrlraTprrBaeMofoBorrpoca,
    Ha6,rrcÂ,aenrnrfi naurz n norpe6arrnuora o6px4e rrasbrpbrKcKoto n,reltenu oSrt-
    ,raii no4uoureHa.fl Rolr{Àro or no4BeÀuMcl'BeHHbr\ eM}' po1lôre 6orai'lr.: .4apol
    npeÂrro^araer Frâ^nque no.q,o6srrx x{e orr{ouleul.rir u e 4eficraurerrnnofi xugnu
    n^eMeHI{. Cgcrenaa rTpeëcrallÀenlis pa3^LIr{Hbrx Ma'repua^rrubrx {Jeuuocreir r,ta-
    BaMu Me^KIrx o6rgecteeHrrbrxnogpa34e-teHltfi B lro:\b3] r,lae 6oaee Kpynubrx noÀ,-
    pa:gerreuufi, HanpI-IMep poÀoRÀaAbrKaMrr rr^eMeHHbrM Bo,x{À,gm, ,4o^niHa 6t'l,\a
    6rrrr HopuoË sxononaaqecKrlx orÉrorreuaii Melra,y nraccofi ocHoeubrx npor.i:Boglr-
    r*1 te,teË n ,q,o^lKnocrlrbii\ta ,\HgaMrr B poÀe I{ n^eMeHrr. Tarag clicreMa c^v?rirlÀa
    I{croaIrJIrKoMo6oralgeuna r4,^r npeg,craenreaefi o6rgecreeuuoft e,\acra r{ sBÀrerc*
    o4nofi ri3 ocnoenblx npuquH orMeqenHoro HaMrr Bblrrre fiocroltuHoro correraHnt
    6ora,rcr:sa u o6rgecrecHrro; e.^acrtr. i'axaa czc'reMa .rB:r.fl€TCflo4uoË H3 (popM
    sKCn^OaTagHI1TpyÀ4, TaK KaK geFiFlccTH,nepeAaBaeMbreMÀaÀ,lxaMHnpe4cTaBll-
    Te^ffMH o6ruecisenuofi e,\acru crapuuM, 6or,ra s KoHeqHoM crrere npog,yKToM
    'r'pyÀa ocrroBubrx npol3nognre.refi o6ur-ecrea. Bepoatrrci, 6u,tl.r u gpyrve rpopnrrr

    7l
    sKcrrÀoaTaqaa qy?Kolo 'rpyEA, TaK KaK I{pynIIbIe xostËcTBa 6oratrtx B^a4e^bgets
    cKol'a He Mol ^H co3.4,atsaTbcr{Û rlo44epx{LlBaTbcfl cz^aN'II'l çtryttoir ceMbii.
    IIpoHseoÀ,c,l.BeIlIlbie oTHouleHIT.fl B rlasbIpbtKcKoM n^eMeHLI xapaKTepI,t3y-
    14rcr qacrgoâ co6crecxuoc'lbro uarpuap.{a^bHblx (eMefi I,r pastsHToii gKcn^oara-
    gKefi TpyÀ,a ocHOBHbtx fipou3Bo.4,Hre,{efi- ptÀoBblx q^eHots poÀ,a II' BepoflTHo'
    pa6oR - tr. B cBfrsv c s1'rIM LI iiccbMa 3Haqllre^bHofi eronouuqecKofi À,uççepeq-
    !!4alJveï4 o6tgec'rua. nax aTo cBOfiCTBeHHOBblcuefi cTyneHI{ BapeapcTBa,
    Ho,
    erge lro^HocTbro c{)xpaHr,,1rr(r,lrp()iililrc ÔopMbr nepBo6blTHo-ootgHHHofo cTpo8.
    Ha sro yrasbrBaer ri norpe6a.\brrbrii o6pflg, e flaartpr,lxe. floxoponbl n^eMeII-
    rroro Bo)KÀfi 6nrrrir xpynHbrM cof)bll'ueM B ltçrr:lrrr lr^eMeHH. B gepenionnw rrpktnvl'
    Ma^o yqacl'ûe Bce n-ÀeM.q.VIorH,la co{Jpyxa^acb CII^aMn BCeXyqacTHI,IKoBnoxo'
    poH, naK aro 6u,ro tr y cKIr(poB,Koropble, no coo6rleHl'Ilo fepoÀ,ora, Bo3tT Tpyn
    cBoefo <(gapff) rlo BceM rroABIacTIiblN{eMy [;\eMeHâMr a 3aTeM' co6paBullcb Ha
    Morn;re, <<BCeBMeCTeycTpaqtsarcT $O,truryrO 3eM^tHyIo Haçblflb, flpil^arat OCO-
    6eniroe crapauhe K "i'oNly, qro6rrl ona BbIIIT^a Katt Mo?t(Ho 6o,'rrure>"r; Tana'r
    cn^oqeHHocTb [IeN4eHII BOSMO]r{r{aTO^bKO B yC^OBI,I'X BOeHHo-,q,eMoKpaTI,IqecKoIo
    c'rpor, KorÀa focnoÀcTBoBaJ\u erge nepno6blrHo-o6lgl,IHHble nopJta,KI'I.

    Hao6paauteÀbrroe ncryccrBo n MlrlloBosspenlae

    l4so6paanre^bHoe EcKyCCTBopapqltx KoqeBHItKoB,B TdM qgc^e n KOqeB-


    HnKoR A^Tat, ÀaBHO H3BecrHo Bo MHolKec'rre riacro npeKpacHblx xyi4,ox(ecrBeH-
    UrrrXo6paegoB, BbInO^HeHHbIXIJ CBoeo6pa3Ho)\I,TaK Ha3bIBaeMOMCKI,IQCKOM I'I^n
    cKnço-or6fipcKoM 3BepgHoil{ crgte. Ho À,o p:icKonoK llaauplmcxor.o Kypraua
    Mbr He 3Ha^I4 elge HE oÀ,Horc naMtTHHKa, xorrlpuli 4al 6lt TaKOe MHOifieCTBO
    H pasgoo$paslIe xyÀo)KecrBeggblx n3o6pa?fieHgù. 3aecn B oÀ,HoM norpe6egl u
    npe4cTaB^eubr o6pasbr oLIrHHa.4gaTIzpa3Hbtx 3Bepeii H QaHTacTuqecKrlx qyÀo-
    llrllg B COpoKa I]'TII BapLaHTax Ha AByXCTaX UJecTLt6,nRXax, aIInÀIIKagr4.fiX It
    Ip]rrlx ri3Àe^urlx. Bce sto Bbr[o^Hexo pa3HbrMH TexHltqecKnMa npnen4aMn tt ii3
    pa3Hbrx MaTepua^oB. Kpyr"tan cKyIbIITypa, 6ape,rneç, cllÀysTHble I{ no^EXPoM-
    rrbre n^ocKl{e plrcygKn Bblpe3agbI, culiTbI H^lI cK.\eeHbI II3 ÂepeRa, Boii^oKa,
    r(otl{H c Hcno^bgoBaHlreNrgBeTHbIx Bofi^oKa, MeXa, KolKLI, HItToK I't Bo^oca' ÀI1-
    c-ToBoro goÀoTa K o^oBa, MI{HepaÀbHbIXKpacoK. Bce aro B caMblx pa3uoo6pa3-
    Hrrtx cor{eTagfi.flX, pa3Hblx pa3vlepoB -_ oT q)HrypoK Be^nqliHofi n 5 clr 4o
    (,1'poMHbtx14:ro6pali{eHllù6oaec \lc1'pa À,.\HHofi.
    Bnepnore .4^rt HcKyccrBa paHHITx KoqeBHnKoB TaK no^H() MHorI'IMI-lo6pa3-
    uaMI,I reoMerpur{ecKHx H pacrHTe^bHbrx y3opoB npeJ,craBÀeHo ts fla3bIpbIKcKoM
    -:\ KypraHe H qlicro opHaMeHTa^bHoe HcKyccTBo. HapfiAy c clozKeTaNII'I3BeprlHor()
    crEÀfi B À,eRoparLIBHoM HCKyCCTBenaSbIpbIKCKOtOn^eMeHH BI'IÀHOeMeCTOIIp?I-
    HaÂ,^ex(a^o y3opaM feoMeTpHqecKI4Mt4 pacTzTe^bHbIM.
    IlprruoanrrcfiHbre reoMeTpuqecKlle ysopbl npe.qcraB^eHbl ilpocrcfirt-InMIr Qop-
    MaMn R BHÀe prrÀa paBHo[BeTrI6IX'rpeyro^bHblx q]cc'roHoe (puc.28, l) Ha ]]ofi-

    72
    _--

    P rr c. 28. flpxrro-runeiixbre leolterpaqecKHe cprraveHTbi,


    / - xaùua Êac1(rnor(' sojiror:a: J - o r J 6 , , p _ a. t 3 . ( l * * , , r " t U , r q x x ) ; J - ro xt, r6opa .\è4;
    ,uxr
    t To xe, \ooPa .\9 /.

    ^oKe, yKparrjaBrrreMcTeHbr KaMepbr, H cepHri 3ur3aroB nÀH KoHgeHTpHqecKHpac-


    Ilo^(,ziicHHbrxpoM6oB (pnc. 28, 2-4) m ÀepeBtuublx rgnrax. CDoplror y3opol
    Ha rgr.rrax o6ycÀoBieHbr rexHHKofi I{x Bbrno^HeHnfl. OHr.r [o^ytreHbr nyTeM npo-
    Egilitts,I.'frrq,epcBllHrrbrxfia^orreK B cooTBercTBylorgltM o6pâ3or,1 pacno^o?KeHHr)rc
    ilpope3r{ B Kycr{e Ko}l(u, KoTopafl c^yxnÀâ ocHoBo; rgnTa. EbrTb Mo2KeT,u3 Ta-
    r(()ii 'iexHHKrr pa3Bn.{acb Bnoc^eÀcrBliû 'rexHrrKa rrBroroB^eHIrff coBpeMeHHblx
    : i l l p i h J C K u x t { K a 3 a x c K I . r xq u e B ( g b r H o B o i ( ) , r r K o r o p b r x K O } K a 3 a M e H e H ag B c ' f -
    rrbrMr.IHr.tr(aMH, a /'iepeBgHHbrena^oqKn on,Î. @ecroHHbrfi y3op rra
    R(ifi^()Ke,HecoMHcrJHo,cB.rI:]aHreHerl-IqecKptc noÀo6HbrNrureoMerpprqecKuMHo[)-
    HâMeHl]aMDsrtoxil 6poH3br !r, Br{g,fiMo,6rrrÀ rur.rpoKo pacnpocTpaHeH y pailr{ux
    rior{eBHliKots.B uecroarrxiix c^yqasx oi{ nprTMeHeHHâ 3oÀo'r'brxr434e-\utx cr46hp.
    cr(oË Ko^^eKgull nerpa I s rexHlrKe lrHKpycTagau.
    Paeuoo6pa:Hee KpaBo^nHefiHbre reoMerpnqecKltc opHaMeHTbr. OHu npeÀ-
    c'r'aB^eHbr psrI,aMn Bo^ro'r, o6pa3yrcrIHX prrcyHoK 'r aK HasbrBaeMori <6eryrgcir
    rro^Hbr) (pwc.29, 5-7), u^u pacno^orteHHbrx flonapHo, nporr,rBoflocraB^eHHbrx
    /tpyr Àpyry (puc. 29, 1-"4). PagHL,recoqeraHl4q raKux Bo^ror c HeKoropblMrl
    o6pa3yior cBoeo6pa3Hbreysopbr. v ara rpynna y3opoB cBfl3aHa
    Lori(),\HeHr.rÂMB
    c oprraMeHraMrr snoxu fipousor. flapnr eo,rrcT pacnpocTpaHeHbr B yKpaixeHnlt
    a6 Tar<ue xe, KaK
    Me]lKux rlpoBo^oLrHbrx u3Ae,\Hfi aHÀ,poHor]cKoË xy,rnrypr,I.
    B fla3brpbrKe, prgbr Bo-{}o1'n BIl.q,e6ery4tefi Bo.\Hbr r.r nporriBonocraB^ertHblx nâp

    _. o6r,ruHrrrÀ.\.fl opHaMerrron aH4poHoBcnoË KepaMnKI,rH orqacrn KapacyKcKofi, rro,


    a?
    B O'f.\I{rrrreo1 rilSbrotlr(ci(iix. ()ItIi IIcil().\ilctIi)t D npfMo^ttHefinofi 'rexutlne.

    73
    ^ (>i
    irrit,
    ,ii"f /0

    P tc. 2 9 . O p n a n r e n r u r . r sp s 4 o B B o ^ r o r .
    I - uo4uoctuufi pelrenb ccÀIa J\! 4; ? * g,epeaqH{aq 6atxa ce,4la Nè 8; 3, 6 -- 6Àrru-pa3on-\Kr ys.4eqe{
    J'&I& 4 u 9; 1, 5,7 - Koxanile âfln^rKagur ta nepeÀ(ax ce.4er J\bJ\! 6,'1,7; 8, /1'} - ro xc, sa rrorcpbrt(ax
    ccaea i\è.}'{! 9 n 8: 9 - aflrrÂr(aûûr sacrcnuoro Bofi^o(a.

    Ceoeo6paeubre y3opbr B BH.4eprÀ,a Bo^ror, He cBtsarnux o4uofi HenpepbrB-

    i:î1'li::?":ïïtï:ï;Hîïiî:.'î:i::::1îîî:ffi
    ::iî:î:ï):ï:i;
    orë,e^bnble g,era^I4 B Qnrypax :repefi aao6paxaaucb raK?r{e Bo^roraMn.
    flpu arrpesanrzu aoaroroo6pasHbrx y3opoB ris Kolr{u (aepoxrno, n Hs
    Mexa, go^ora rr Ap.) no^yrla^Hcb ocrarKn Marepga^a B BHÀ,e ran?Ke Bo^K)To-
    o6paaHux QErypoK. Tarue lpHrypKH, BHg,HMo, ne 6poca,rncb, a yrrorpe6rrs,rurcn
    g^t cocraB^ennff HoBbIx ysopoB r.t o6paaoeuBa^I{ 3areM HoBbre caMocrorre^b-
    HbIe OpHaMeHTa^bHbIeMOTI'IBbI,nperq,CTaB^eHHbre, HanpI,IMep, Ha poroBbrx H 3oÀo-
    TbIx I,IsÀe^I{.ax B KypraHe e Illa6e. " B ilaarrpbrKcr{oM Kyprane raKHM y3opoM
    Hcno^Heua 6opo4a apra^I4 B crn^LtsoBaHHorrr vso6paz$eur4u ero ro^oBbr (cpaenrr
    pnc.29,5n29,10).
    Tperrrc rpyflny ysopoB cocraB^.srcT pacrr4reÀbubre opHaMeuTbrr sâlrMcrBo.
    tsanuble, KaK orMeqeuo Bbrrue, ue Vpaua, Ho HacroÀbKo nepepa6orauHbre B crr.r^e
    MecrHoro HcKyccrBa, qro ts HEx c rpyÀ,oM ysHarorct o6trqHue QopMbr ^oToca
    . n naÀbMerKll. Texnura BbIpesaHLIt cn^yarHbrx y3opoB rza Kon{a il a?nypHblx
    r'.)
    6apemeQon It3 r4epeBa npuBe^a K ynporseHHrrna o6o6rgeHnbrM +opMarvr. B Heno.
    ropbtx c^yqa.ax (psc. 30, | _4) erye rq,oBo^buo orqer^r.rBo pas^Hqaercx QopMa
    gBeTKa, Ho I,I 3À,ecb 3arHyTble qaUIeiLICTtIKn 3aKaHqI,IBarcTCfiBO^rOTaMrr, a ^e^

    /4
    r-recrnu uMeror oKpyr^bre oqepraarln. B 6orree ynporgeuubrx QopMax ocraerct
    ^urub uapa oreepHyrbrx B cropoubr Bo^ror r.rMe?r{À,y Kpyr(or (pzc. 30,6,7)
    Hr.rMr.r
    H^r{ napa ocTpbrx qaue^rTcTr.rKoB, a Me2KÀ,y HtrMHapoqKa (pnc. 30, 5, 10). Ecrt
    ii Àpyrne ceoeodpaeurre(popMbrna^bMeroK (puc.30, ll). B eopnaena^bMeroK
    Hcllo^s.srorc.a r{ HeKoropbre g,era^n 3ooMopQHbrr H aHTponoMopeHbrxeHryp
    ( p u . c .3 0 , l 7 - / 9 ) .
    CoeepurenHo ceoeo6paannrM.aBÀterc.EopHaMeHTHa Ko2r(aubrxrrsg,e^nflx,
    lrbrrro^HeHHbrx nyTeM Br'rpe3anrr.flB KolKe npocrefiruux QfifypoK B BtrÀ,enpei4cTaB-
    Àeuubrx Ha pac. 31, 1-lB. Pa.sr\u.rnrrlrr4correraur.r.aMr.r
    raKHX enrypoK yKpa-
    uenbr ur-errHbre ^onacru, 'ytnpril pora Ha MacKec poraMr,roaeua (puc. 31,20-22),
    'far<unrz
    lparypnaMH, ^erKo Bbrpe3aeMbrMr.r Ho2r{oM,oeopM^eHbr n paB^urrnble
    AeraÀrrua uao6paxeur{.âx3Bepeft (piic. 31,23,24). CuryerHbrM enrypaM sBe-
    peË c nonnolu-bronpopeaefi raxax (popM [prlÀaBa^acb ^eFKocrb H rrsffrgecrBo
    n.so6panrenua(puc. 35 u 36). I{exoroprre (purypKu. KaK Kpy2KoK,3anrraa,

    w f'f f f i 7 , ,
    HBI [i ul
    0q

    ryiF*
    Ëiu^Y--J
    rÈ
    FR.rÈ/tb
    ^ <t-

    ffi
    M
    re

    t3
    q -L Wn
    rc E r

    ip'{l
    fc*f
    s4trkdM
    ffi
    P n c. 30. Pacrare,rnnue opHar\!esrbr.
    l, 2, 3 - ura^rû veÀelltK -lli]\i' 5, 7, 3; - '(Ja\Bocr.rrbre
    1, 5, 6, 7, /,1, 7-t peÀ!ûr ce3er )l!.1\! 3, 1, 6, 8, 9, i;
    3' t' 1{) " At'PcBIEFhit 6.\txtt ctJer\ J\e,r'& 7, 3, 7; tl, 12, 13, 16 -- Koriailbre arrririlKa1jsH lepeÀrioB crÀer
    .\!JVr 4, 9, 3,8; 17 - Harpygdoe vrpaueÈue celaa J \ - h5 ; / 8 - ! ( , À e e î r o c e g r a J \ ! ? ;
    /9 - rro.4.EecÀa ec.qra Jii, ().

    /J

    t'
    (<lloi4,KOBKa>, noMeIgeHHbIe Ha 6eÀ,pax E ^ollaTKax 3Bepfl, IlpHMeHfl^IlCb He TO^bKO

    Ha BbrpesaHHbrx I,I3 KOIKK ll^n Bo;^oKa n3o6palKeHl{flx, llo TaK?Ke I'I Ha MeTa^^R-
    qecKllx, o qeM ylfie roBopH^ocb BbIIxe.

    Han$oaee xapaKTepHbIMLI u pacnpocTpaHeHHbIMI'I cIolKeTaMI'I geKopaTItBHOro

    uc6yccTBa tB^flIoTcfl v3o6palreHnf 3Bepefi I'I sooMopQHbIX I'I aHTponoMopçHblx

    qyÀoBgrg. Àroàier rroKasarbct, rtro clox{erbl gTllx Llso6paï{e-


    Ha nepeuii Bsr^r4

    Hnfi BecbMa pasHoo6pasHbl H oqeHb Mgoroquc^egHbi. Ha caMoM ?Ke .4'eÀe KO^I'I-

    qec.rBo ltx orpaHil qeHo - IIMCeTCfl ^I{IIlb HecKo^bKo oIIpe,4,eÀeHHbIX XyAOiI{ecTBeH-

    Hblx o6pâ3o8.
    B flaerlpnrxcKoM KypraHe IIpeAcraB^eHbI c^e.4,yrolgue !r3 HHx'

    Texe (ropHurfi noee,rr) npeg,cTaB^eH rro;\HbrMri u3o$pal6eHr{flMri B Cgel{âx


    3)'
    6opr6n (puc.37) u cKy^bnrypublMn QHrypaMH ro^oBbl (ta6'r' |Y,5,6; XII'
    Xapanrepnue pora ero BcerÀ,a Bo3Bbrrrralorcr Ha,q,ro^oBo;r, qro or^IlqaeT en()

    o'r t43o6palKeHufi apra^r


    Apraar.r (ropHlrfi 6apau) ysHaercr B ri3o6palKeHll.sx no Kpyro 3aKpyqeH-
    r{brM pgraM, rrpLrKpbrBaIOuI,IMqacTb MopÂ,bl, u o6bI'IHo no xapaxTepuofi 6opoge,
    KOTOpat l4Hor.4,aKpafiHe rvnep6o^I{soBaHa: HaqHHaqcb oT noÀ,6opo.q',Ka'oru6aer
    por n BaKaHrrr4Baerc-rHa a6y (pHc. 29, 10). l4ao6parxarracb ro^oBa aPra^lt
    (psc. 34 LI ra6^. IX), uuoraa c oAHoË I'IÀn g'ByMn napaMr uor (ta6a' XX, 2
    ra-XXI,2), a rarxe no^Hat Ql4rypa cnaqylgero 3Bep (ta6r.,' lX,2) u*r

    B cgene 6opr,6r'I (pwc. 35).

    ÉF

    P n c. 31 . Koxanrre annÀr.Ixaglru lra RepeJ,I(ax n 3 a À x a : cêÀer.

    (rrortcpa pncvttttr,It a()orBe tirlrv() f lI('ll( fnNl cegcr).

    76
    ?4

    P uc. 32. Opuaueuru rrs rpope3rrbrx rpocreiillûx enrypoK.


    /--l,9 - /9 - 20 -
    çopnm upopeacù; 6arxa-pase6^{a y3Àbr Ne 70; por Ha uacre y6opa .lÊ 10; 2/, ?2- rgcruaa
    troÀocrb tr naPyàiHat croPoga yxa roii xc Mac(tr; 23 - rotosa (pbl,\aroro rur[ra ua rracre y6opa J\i 5;
    21 - xoxasas aûu.ÀH(allrr xoÀoÀbr.

    Àtlcn r.roo6par(a^ct c MoIgHbrMI{ tuupoKnMlr Iz BerBrrcrblMlr poraMn, xapaK-


    'r'epnofi rop6oHocofi MopÀofi u 6opo4rcofi (puc,
    35 s 36r.
    Mapaa (arrraficxufi
    Bx.q, 6ÀaropoÀHoro o^eHfl) npe4crae,reu rro^lrbrMr,r r{3o-
    6paxenuauu c xapaKTepHbIMLr poraMu, orpocrKr.r Koropbrx HanpaB^eHbr BlepeÀ
    o'r' ocHoBHoro crepxrH.n, H y3KoË Mop.4ofi (pwc.36 s ra6^. XlV, 3, 4).
    Tarp, nro6pa)KeHnblfi B cgeHax 6opr6u, rroKasaH B TurrnqHbrx ,4^r 3roro
    xlIIu,HHKa floaax H c xapaKrepHbrM no^ocarbrM pr4cyuKoM ruepcra (puc. 35 v 36).
    B cxeMarfir{ecKtix I,IBo6pa2t{eHrlax Ha MacKax y3Haercg ^Hrrrb no fio^ocaroMy
    pHcylrKy urepcrH (ra6,t. XIII u pHc. 38).
    Borrx, u:eecrublË rro HecKo^bKIrM n3o6parrerrurM B gpyrax HaxoÀ,Kax, B n.r-
    3bIpbIKCKoM KypraHe npe.4,cTaB^eH To^bKO A,ByM.s IrSO6paà{eHr.rfiMH,He Bno-^lrc
    o[peÀe^eHHo ycraHaB^r'rBaeMbrMr,r(ra6a. xx, 2). lrmuwaa MopÀ,a c ocrprirM
    HoCOM, noÂrIepKHyTbIM Bo^IoTooopa3HbIM gaBzTKOM, oTJ\l{qaeT ero OT Tlrfpa.
    Irlno6paznena roÀbKo ro^oBa Bo^Ka, cxBarrlBrxal sy6aMn ro^oBy apra^u.
    .Èj Kpbr^arbrfi rnnp - cH6rlpcxaf, BapHaHT rpr,reoua - npe,4craB^fler co6oË

    77

    t
    lrylloBlrIIc c Ty^oBIlI!!eM lHrpa, ilTEqrrHMHxpbr.\bfl!trr, c rfrrrrq; rl^lr |pe6treM lta
    rIJce, .4^HHHbrMIt ylliaMH, pr]f aMu A]KefipaHa, oKaHqHBa]otgt7l'/lt4cfl.ilap]iKaMti
    lr cKyÀbnTypHbrx I,r3()6rJa'f(eHLIflxu Bo^roTaMg B rÀocr{nx, HHofÀa c op.1''tHbrM
    r { ^ } o B o M H n r n q b l r r . l o f l e p e i { n e N rH â r u e e ( p u c . 3 7 a ' r a 6 , r . X I i l ) . Kpr,r.rr,;r
    IrHorÀa orcyrcrByrot (ra6,l. XXIi, noÀBecKH n ce4,ty). Or,lû.{aercx or
    IJepeÀHea3HaTcKHX H cpeÀ,H3eMlroMopcxuxtbopM He ro^br{o c'rtr4^HcîI4rrecKI{, Ho H
    TcM, qro l43o6pa?fiaercâ c ry^oBllrqeh{ Tlrfpa, a }ie ^bBa. V rrcro ner ,rusr{rrofi
    rpHBr'r, xBocT À^r1HHrrrfi,paeuouepHo nylxucruir (pac. 37, utr,rfitt.n 'ra6,r. XIIi)
    Àrnuuyro rpnBy HaroMalraer LIHorÀa o6paureuse -ueK (pnc. 29, B, 9), ri,r er,,
    rrBÀflerc.qcrvilr3oRauHrrnr [co6oa]Keul{eM flyrxlicrbrx 6ax rxrpa. Haauquc s llr,-
    rioropbrx cÀyrrarx Ha KoHge xBocra yro,\rgeHul (pnc. 37, i) H,\n ro^or3l*t
    u'r'rrgbr (puc. 37, eepxn.), xaparrepHyro g,^fl ÀbBa KItcrcqKy,
    Hanoù{LIHa}orgar<
    nOÀpa?KaHrTeMnepf/lHr?-
    fiBr'.fleTofl HerrOHgTbrM11^U IIO I]HOMy OCMbTCÀeHHbrM

    't\
    i,(.,
    f-g
    î::

    Puc. Jl. Kox:arrmoarnÀuKagllu cego,r l! tl (/), Nr 9 \2) u ive 10 (3).

    78
    l ) r c . 3 1 . I i o . l e e c r ac e r - r a \ ' : 8 .

    ii3rral'cKHN{o6pa3gaM. o6pa: 9ror, ts ocHoBe KoToporo .\er{trT caMblii noryqrr;i


    atz Cuîupu 3Bepb - rrrrp, npeÀcraB^.fler co6oii cMeuenue Mecrubr{ rpaÀugHii
    c nepeÀHea3IIaTCKI{$'IH,l'BoprlccKH Ilepepa6oTaHHbrMr{,CTll^?rCTr{qeCKI,r
    !t flo coÀep-
    )KaHr.ilo,B cooTBeTcTBr4H C M14pOBO33peHUeM r.r xyÀ,oà{ecTBeHHOfiKy^bTypofi Ko-
    ttcBbrx n^eMeH A,rras.
    MuçuveutuË opea rpegcrats^rer co6ofi rryÀoB!îrge B BuÀe xrdrgHofi flrrrgbr,
    Bepo.ETr{o opr\a, c MoruHb:M fpe6HeM Ha rree 14 ,4,ÀHHHbrMtr3Bepr,IHbrMlryuaMl.t.
    fpe6eHo, Kpyro HaquHa-scby ,t6a, nuorg4 c oco6o BbrÀe^eunbrMBbrcoKLrMrrep-
    lubrM sy6goM, K cflHHe rrocrerreHHo rroulr?i{aercr. tr4:o6paxaercr ro^bKo ro^oBa
    lryltoBurga (ra6.t. Vl, 2 s XX, j, 4) .tnn ro.\Hafl ero
    lpurypa c pacrpocrcp,
    r b r M u K p L ' r À n a n a (u' r a 6 l . X I I , 1 , 2 u X X , / ) .
    fleryx npeÀ,craBÀeHuao6pameunffMH no^Hbrx euryp B repa^bÀsqecKofi KoM-
    noslzguri (puc. j2, 24) zm aepxHefi qacru re^a c ro,rosofi (ra6,r. XVII, -3).
    Xor.s sce qerbrpe nso6pameHat cn^rruo crHÀHsoBaHbI, B Hr,Ix MerKo cxBaqeubl
    rl Bbrpa3rTTe^bHo noKasaHbr xapaKTepHble qepTbr BHerrrHefo BEÀa fleTyxa
    coxi.rii xoporruii rpe6eHb, Kpyro o6prrearc4tnfica ceagu, rcoporrafi xaron, 6o-
    poÀr{a, nnrusnrii slicoxnfi xBocr. Sror: xy4oxecrneusrrfi o6paa He flB^rerct
    3aITMcrBoBaHFrbrM
    H3BHe, a co3gau Ha Mecre, e o6rgecree, Koropoe 3Ha^o neryxa
    B Harype. Boenoxno, qro or4e^bHbre à*rBbre Jr{3eM[^tpbr neryxa, KaK H rc-
    napÀa, rronaÀ,a^u uepe: Cpe4nuo A:ayc H Ha À,a^eKr4fiA,rrafi u, ranuu o6pa-
    3OM, 3aUMCTBOBaHHbTM I,I3BHeC^eÀyeT CqnTaTb caMoro neTyxa, a ero xy4,o?Ke-
    rf,
    çTgeuurrfi o6par neaaercs rrpoÀyKToM TBopqecrBa a^Taficrax n^eMen.

    79
    'ryrlo'
    Ptr6ouoÀcl6noe qyÀoBxrge ueridparxa^ocb BecbN{acxeMarltrtHo }J BHÀe
    ruop.l,ofi prI6u neOnpeÀ,e^ennoro BIIÀ,a.c cepUeË cITMMe'fpHqHo pacflo.4t)?KeHllblx
    r^aBHHKoB (pwc. 30, 19 u ra6l.. Xl, 2).
    qe^o'
    AurpouovOp4Hoe qyÀ,oButge npe,4cTaB^eHouso6paxeHltflMIT roÀoBbl
    BeKa, noÀ,qepKHyro 6opoÀ,ofi, Ho 6e3 ycoB, co sBepnHbIMH
    ypoÀ^I{Bofi, c
    yrraMlr, [oMeIgeHHbIMrlr Ha l.6y, t'r c poraMlr .4,rreûpaHa (?) (ra6,t' XVII, 2)'
    Bce nepeuuc^eHHble nso6pamenut nper4,Hasuaqa^Kcb .4,^Â yrparuenvt pa3'

    ^r,rqubrx [peÀ,MeroB. 9acro 6HLI pacno^ox{eHbI opHaMeHTa^bHbIMIr paganau, o6pa-


    3yt KpacnBble y3opbl, HapgÀy c TaKHMII rKe ysopaMl.t II3 reOMeTpITqecKI'IX!I
    pacTuTe^bHbrx opHaMeHToe. Kovno:Hggt H3o6par6eHtrfi Bcelga cTporo rroÀ,qn-
    HeHa (popMe npe4MeTa, yKpaIxeHI{eM KoToporo oHH tB^51roTcn. PaEu eToro' no-
    BMecTo ge^oro 3Bepfi I'I^I'I r{yÀ,OBHlga, s306pa?Ka^vcb ro^bKo ero
    Brrrq,r,rMoMy,
    ro^oBa, LIÀI,Iro^oBa c npgcTaB^eHHbIMLr K Hefi HoraMw. Palu CI-IMMeTpHH
    À,Ba?I{À,bl
    noBTopr^ocb ry^oBr{rge o.4Horo aeepa (ra6,t. XIV, 3), vu@nuecKnfi opeÀ I'IaJ'
    6paxa.lca c o.4Hofi Horofi nocpe.4nge (ra6^. XX, /). .{onycta.nucL' snaqureÀb-
    HbIe acKaà{eHI,Is fiponopgr.rfi. fIo:a 3Bepfi qacTo BbI6LIpaIacL, TaK HCKycHo' tITo
    coBepureHHo He rryBcrByercr cB.rsaHHocrn xy.4,orKHItKa onpeÀ,e^eHHofi qroprtaoir
    npeÀ,MeTa. Hecounenno, Bce Hso$pat6eHl,t.s 3Bepefi H qyÂoBl'tlg e flaantpuxcr<ona
    KypraHe - npoHBBe4eHKE .4eKopargBHoro r{cKyccrBa. O4sano Ha6^rcÀ'eHl,rgnoKa'
    3bIBAIOT, IITO OHII I'MEÀH T,I IIHY}O QYHKgHTO.
    KoarEqec,rso ctoiKeToB a3o6pax{eH;1fi orpauuveHo. B fÏaarrpblKcKoM KypraHe

    xyÀ,o?KecTBeHHbIx o6pa3oB. 3to qHCÀo MOII{eT


    Mbr HaCqI,ITa^E oÀ,HrrgaggaTb
    6urr necnorrbxo yBe^uqeHo no MaTepI,Ia^aM Àpyrux [aMflTHHKoB IoNrHoË Cu6upw.

    tr4so6paxarrllcb, 3uaqvr, He ^ro6ble 3Bepli, a roÀbKo HeKoropble' 3aHIlMaBuI'lc'

    nHLLIMo, oco6oe MecTo B lt.4,eo.\orgg paHHHX KoqeBHHKoB. I4:o6paxa-,tllcb Tal(?l(c

    q)auTacrnqecKue qy.4,oBlrlga, HaÀ,e^eHHble npu3HaKaMIl pa3Hblx 3Bepefi , Ho BcerÀ,a

    B or4,lrHaKoBbrx onpe.4,eÀeHHblx coqeralllltx. 3ro He n,\oÀ cBo6o.4Hoii QaHTaBHrr


    xyÀolnHltKa, KaK To npeÀcTaR-\t.\ocb HeKoTopblM npell{HLIM HcciegoBaTe^fl1\{'

    a c^o2KHBrxrrecs o6pa3br MHQEqecKHx rryÀoBHlg.


    Kax rrraçuvecKue LryÀoBgrga, TaK g no cBoeMy BHe[IHeMy o6,rUny Bno^He

    pea^bHbre 3Bepl4 !I3O6pax(a^I4Cb Ha oÀHHx I,I Tex 2Ke ilpeÀ,MeTax, B oÀ,HIlX [I TeX

    ?Ke MeCTax, TçMH )Ke [Bo6pa3I.rTeÀbHbIMI4 np[IeMaMrl, qac'IO BNtecTe B OÀ,Hr-]fiI(oM-


    11osHgHH, n 6opt6e Àpyr c ÀpyroM - Mvq)n qecKLIfi ope^ Àepx(IIT B cBogx ,lia11ax
    ^oc.E (plrc.36), xprraatblfi rurp 6operca c rnrpoM <<pea^bnblM>(ta6'r. XIII)'
    It^H Tep3aer roKe (pHc. 37) u Àpyrl{e, Ouenrguo, qro Ii qy.4'oBwrga, v peaÀb'
    r{oro BH.4a 3BepH fBÀgIOTc;r oAHoË KaTeropuefi o6pa3oB. Bce ero sooMopQHble
    MI,rQvqecKHeo6pa3bl, Bepo.ÉTHo,Tex MI{QuqecKEx cytgecTB, KoTopble B npe.4'CTaB-
    ^cllugx pagHr{x KoqeBHHKoBo6^aÀa^}.r oco6brMu qy4oÀc;icrReHtlr'rMHcBoficrBa!,{H
    It y[paB^s^I{ BceMIi co1brrufl.Mr4 B oKpyrKarol]Jcù'{qe^oBeKa Mlrpe. '
    EcrecrsenHo, qro 3ooMopQHbre MI,Iq)pIqecKHecyrgecTBa npeÀ,c1aB^t^Hcb
    B o6paaax rex sBepefi, Koropbre nbrÀe^.flrorcr us npoqax KâKIIMI4.^I{6o oco6blMrl
    -.KpoBoll(aë,-
    KaqecTBaMI,I.Turp rtlor 6ttro sottaolgclrlreM Mofyqefi CII^bI, Bo-\K

    80
    X

    1
    o
    rt
    I
    o;.
    X o

    6 É
    Xv.

    E*
    tr1
    o

    .À

    x
    o

    |')
    2
    ,1
    o
    '{
    0

    F > l
    H S

    y.tr

    E2
    ots

    .d

    &
    vi

    * a'

    6 M. n. Iparuoo
    - BonÀotgeglleM He.q,oc'Iyngo-
    HocTt4,apra^r,r H TgKe, o6r.rTaTe^r.tropHbrx Bepmng,
    CH^bI'
    cTL, rryTKnË Mapa^ - pesBocT[ I'I Moryqefi KpacoTbl, ^ocb-cBHpenocTH H
    qacbl' Han6onee
    fleryx nopaà{a^ cBoHM tly.qecnblM cBoficrBoM nerb B ypoqnble
    qyÀ,OBHIga' HaÀ,e^eHHbIenpLrgHaKaMH paC-
    MoryrgecTBeHgbrMll 6rUtH, nepoflTHo,
    pecBocrb
    Hbrx sBepefi. Kprrrrarolfi Tlrrp coBMeiga^ B ce6e Moryqyrc cHÀy rHrpa'
    Orporvr-
    H qyTKHil cÀyx AxefipaHa u cnoco6socrr ^eTaTb no He6y, KaK nT'ga.
    Cn^y
    Hbrfi M14(psqeg*ufi ope^, nog*LlMalorgafi e cBoLIx Àanax ^oct' coBMelga^
    H Heg,ocTynHocTb opÀa c ocTpbrM c^yxoM 3Bepr, yull KOTOpOTO Hso6paxeHbl Ha

    ero ro^oBe.
    Moxno npe.q,no^ararb' tITo y paH'nx KoqeBHHKoB uMe^t'cb yll(e cÀortHB-
    - 3SM^IO' He6O n noÀ',
    rrr14ecflnpe.4,cTaBÀeHI,Ito Àe^eHttI'I MHpa Ha TpH qacTg
    BeMHb{ËMr,rp, CxOÀHbIeB KaKoË-To Mepe c [peÀ,CTaB^eHVflMvrCoBpeMeHHbIxa^Tafi'
    geB, KoTopble pacupe,4e^ff^H BCeX cBoI'IX À'yxoB no srnM TpeM Boo6paÏtaeMblM
    qacTrM Mnpa. BosMo21go, qTo KpbrÀaTbrfi TLIrp H MHQI,IqeçKIIËope^ 6bIÀH o6n-
    TaTeÀrMr.r He6a, pbr$onogo$Hoe r{yÀoBr,uge E npeg,cTaB^eHHblfi Ha 3O^OTbIx 6^t-
    4e
    xax cn6gpcKofi Ko^leKgn?I flerpa I eMeË - 11eg3s141161eMHpa' $olrtuag
    qacTb oCTa^bHbIx - O6nTaTe^tMË 3eM^I4. O6utare,rn aTI{X TpeX qacTeft MHpa'
    qeM OT^IIqa^IrCb O.4HH
    KaK g B npeÀ,CTaB^eHI,Itx coBpeMeHHbIx a^TafigeB, MaÀo
    or gpyroro. Mo6no pa3^Hqarb r,rx ^Hrlb no crerleHr,r MoryrgecrBa. Han6orree

    MOryrgecTBeHHbIMHnpeÀcraB^tÀHcb, noBs.q,I4MOMy'KpbI^aTbIË THrp' Mlr'pHqecKsfi


    opeÀ s, BosMotr{Ho, pbr6ono.4,o6goe qyÀ,oB}rlge. B Cgenax 6opr6u 9HIT Bger.4,a
    -
    llso6pa?I{alorcff Hana.4,arcIglrMlr nepBblfi Ha raKe I'r rHrpa' BTopofi Ha ^oct H
    raKe, TperHfi na apra,tn. Meuee MorytgecrBeH TI{rp, Koropblfi Hana.4'aer Ha

    apra^I{, ^OCA H Mapa^a, HO L CaM CTaHOBI{TCS211epTBOfiHana.4,egl{fl' HanpgMep


    co CTOpOHbTKpbl^aToro TIIrpa, xoTt B noc^eÀHeM C^yqae OH aKTIIBHO O6Opo'
    HqeTC1r. Hau6orree c^a6bl[,tg c^e4yeT cqHTaTb TeKe' apra^It, Mapa^a Vl tl.Ocf,,
    KOTOpbreBcerÀ,a K3o6pa?Karorcfl 2KePTBofi nanaÀenns'
    flpegcraareHvfr o 3ooMopQHbrx MLr(pEqecKsx cytgecTBax, ynpaB^tlorgûx
    qeM MoÏtHo cy-
    MHpOM, HMe^lICb H B npeÂuecTBylolgyF KapacyKcKylo anoxy' o
    -
    r4RTb no I,Iso6pa?neHI{tM Ltx Ha $poHsOBbIx K11g?fia^ax II Hq11{ax [peÀ,MeTax
    Boopyrr{eHl{t BoHHa H oxoTHHKa. Haqnnar c MafigMl1pc6oro aTana' TaKHe u3o6pa-
    ;{egnr n9MelgaloTcff He To^bKo Ha Opy?ItHI,r,Ho E Ha npeg,MeTax ÀHtIHOro y6Opa
    H KoHcKofi c6pya. B nepnog BoeHHofi À,eMoKpaTl,rn, KorÀ,a Ha nepBoe MeCTo
    B o$IgecrBe Bbrr4Br{ra^Hcb Har.r6oÀeexpa6pble H cI,I^bHbIe BoI'tHbI, Hall6o^ee cno'
    co6Hbre E o't'Ba?KHbIe BoeHHbIe pyKoBoÀ,I{Te^I,I, KoIÀa 6,,raronO.,ryuUe nÀeMeHI{'
    po.q,a, ceMbr{ onpe,4e^q^ocb r.rx cl,rÀofi H MoryrgecTBoM, Korg,a $orarctso K cÀaBa
    ,4o6brBaÀHcb cl4^ofi opytfiHq, MHp Boo6pa2raeMblx MnçEqec61tx cylgecTB [peÂ,-
    CTaB^tÀCg TaKHM ïse. Bce oHE 6bl^n BOnÀoIgeHHeMCHÀbI, MoryIgeCTBa I'I HeÀ,O'
    onpe.4,e^s^Hcr 6Opr6oË, HeH3MeHHbIMI'lcxo-
    CTynHoCTLL Hx seaI,IÀ,IooTHoIIIeHE.fl
    nl
    goM Koropofi sgr\qaacr 26ecroKafl pacnpaBa cnÀbHoro co cBoefi xeprBoft. TaK
    qy4oBHIg!
    trorBl{^Hcb B Hlo6pasgreÀbHoM HcI(yccTBe cgeubr 6opr6rr 3Bepefi E
    HHOr.q,aHanoMHHaIOIgUe BHeIItHe KaprI',IHbI H3 2KI{3H[I }IiIIBOTHbIX.

    82
    t l
    I

    P s c. 37. Bofi.rocnhreâtruÀsxagtrs coÀ€r\ ]t 2 (uaopry) r N 3 (nraay).

    I 6+
    P u c. 38. Macxa y6opa N 10 (pexoncrpyxgux).
    I
    t
    llpnaoeHuo-À,eMo*parr4qec*oM crpoe s'arr'Te^b'o Bospoc^a po^b ori4eÀb-
    Hofi aHtrHocrH, Koropat flpeÀ,craB^s^acb re[epb .racro 6or\ee pea,,rrnofi cu1oi4,
    veu ooo6parr(aeMoe MoryrgecrBo sooMoplpHbrx MneHqecKHx cyrgecrB. t{eaoeeK
    cra^ cosHaBarb, qro MHoroe B eto lilr,IggpI BaBncvrr o'r ero co6creegnofi âKTHB-
    HOCTU, OT TeX n^Lr HHbrx r,eitcre:,1,ir naa6orree MorylgecrBeHHbrx uo cBoeMy o6ge-
    crBeHHOMy nO^OXeHr.Irc H^H ^I'rqHbrM KaqecTBaM ,rp.4,efi. oaHaKo ero He Mor^o
    pa3pyrr]r,ITr' crapbrx npe.4craB^eHnfi o aoorvropQHbrxMHQulIecKLrx cyrgecrBax, Kar(
    ylrpaB^ffrorgHx MIrpoM cH^ax, Ho orHorrreHHe K HaM r.ISMeHI{ÀOCb. MOryrgecrnen-
    Hbre Bor{A,H r{ B^agbrKH HrpaÀr{ B }KIISHH n^eMeHH H pOÀa He MeHbruyrc poÀb,
    ueu roo6paà{aeMbre À,eËcrBuff uraenvecxax cyrgecrB, tlro6rr noKasarb, qro râ-
    xofi qerroseK paBeH no MoryrgecrBy MH(pHqecKHM cyrgecrBaM, H^r,r MoryrgecrBo
    ero o6ycaon^r,rBaercr r{x [oKpoBr.rre^bcrBoM, r.r^u rro ëpyrHM nogo6noro poga
    h coo6paxenurM BosHHK o6rr.rafi noMergarb neo6paxeHnr Mueat{ecKr{x cyrgecrB
    Ha flpr{Ha.4Àexargnx eMy flpeÀMerax. EcrecrBeHHo, .rro o6arqafi gror oxBaril^

    84
    ,"r"* 6or."" rulrpoltnË npyr aroAeË H fio^ytrH^ IIIHpoKoe pacnpocTpaHesle. Ec.ffi
    pagbrrre tanne uro6paï{ena 6nt:rn ceargeHHbIMI{ H LIMe^H ûcKÀIotIHTe^bEo KyÀb-
    ToBoe sHarreHlre, To renepb po^b llx cHugHÂacb .q,oyKpaueHufi, xotl û pe^Irrtro3'
    Ho ryrrrroertfi
    HO1O CO.4,epà{aHH.s, Iâ cBtIgeHHbIfi xapamep se 6r,t.T noÀHocTbrg
    yrpaqeH.
    Oco$oe Mecro cpe4n flponsBe.q,eHnfi I4cKyccTBa a flaauprtxcnoru KypraHe

    BaHHMaer MacKa c. poI'aMI4 oaeua (puc. 38)'


    fleperrË orMerr{^ ee ucK^roqsre^bgoe sgaqeHr,re H" .fl. Mapp, noroptrfi
    'repMgHbl cpeg,crB [epe'
    er.ge sa rpr{ ro.qa go pacKo[on a lilaaorpblKe, Hsyqaa
    .q,Bnï(eHr.r.fi,tlpIIIIIe^ K 3aK^IOqeHHIO, IITO OÀeHb KaK e3,q,oBoe ÏtHBoTHOe trpe.4,Ille-
    cTBoBa^ KoHIo. Dto crre4yer LIs Tot.o, qTo cÀoBa' o6oagaqaeul4e cgarla^a o^eHff'
    - 50
    BSOC^gA,CTBHHCTa^H C^yXtItTb .q,Àg O$oSHaqeHHt HOBOTOnOHtTH11 KoHt.
    Macrn nasbrpbrKcKoro KypraHa, no c^oBaM H. .fl Mappa, 6blÀu <<rotIHO
    p!^^IocTpaEHH I{SBeCTHbIXs3btK9-
    flpeflapaTbr, cnegna^bHo [ISroTOB^eHHbre .4^t
    tt TaK KaK OHH noKasbIBaÀII' rITo It B KyÀbTe oÀeHb npeg-
    Beg,HbIx11O^Oï{eHHfi>,
    ruecrBoBaÀ KoHIo - Ky^bT o^eus nepeHeceH Ha KoHt. B flaauprrrccKoM KypraHe
    norpe6e' KoHb, KoropoMy c noMorgbro MacKH npnÀaH BL.E o^e*t. flo,q,o6'o

    ToMy, KaK coBpeMeggbre Hapo.q,brArrras etge HeÀ,aBHoHsofpazfiaeMblx Ha lxa-


    MaHCKI{X 6y6nax Ha3bIBa^H O^eHtMH H pItCOBaÀU EX C O^eHbHMI'I pC'
    xoHefi
    raMH,52 nasblpblKcKoe nÀeMg KyÀbToBoto KoHt' norpe6aenaoro B MoîE^e Boà{,q,t'
    tITo, B oT^Ht{Ee oT
    npe.4,cTaB^t^o ce6e raKxe B o6pa3e o^eHs, XaparcrepHo,
    ApyrI,Ix H3o6pa?neHnfi, Ha uacre, KoTopafl ,4,o^fl(Ha 6u,ra npeo6pasHrb KoHt
    B oÀegff, pgra I,ISo$palI{eHbI c BeTBtIgI,rMncs, y[^oIgeHHbIMIn Ha KOHgax OTPOC'1'
    KaMû, KaK aTO CBOËCTBSHHO ceBepHoMy o^eHIO' HO HI'IKOrga He 6bIBaeT y 6^ar9-
    pogHoro o^eHs; KpoMe ToI'o, c 3agHefi cTopoHbr cTBo^a pora noMelgeH xaPaK-
    Tepgbrfi ToÀbKo g,Àt ceBepgoro o^egr ne$barruofi oTpocToK. 31o saxgo otMe-
    Tr.ITb, TaK KaK UPçg,1r1eCTBeHHËKOMKoHt B KaqeCTBe esgOBOrO ÏtHBoTHoro 6brÀ
    He 6^aropo.4,Hblfi o^eHb, a ceBepublfi.

    ;
    TAEÀUgbt
    T A t ; . 4 nA A t

    t
    {
    It

    il
    \

    /-flaaupuxcxtfi xypraH Ào pacxoroK; 2-6penna, sanoÀHttorque Moru^v.


    TAE.4llUAll

    / -- noronox c p y 6 a n 6 a , r x r ' rH a H e M ; 2 - x o s t o 4 a c o n p o x l r n y r o f i r p u u r x o Ë , q a c r û q F o
    ocro6ox4enuar oro rtbga,
    TAE.AAUA III

    / - o r r o p c r u e B n o r o ^ K e _c p y 6 a , n p o p y 6 , \ e g 6 o e r p a 6 r r e , r l r t u ; 2 - - c e a e p H a q c r e s a c p y 6 a ,
    upopy6,rennax rpa6nrelaltul J - r p y n u t R o H e I ' rB c e B e P H o H q a c r H l r o r l { À b l '
    7 - A 6 , 4 H U AI V

    rdfr, ,' q-&


    : :.é

    ,w
    ,'W

    /-pyroarn roûopa ('/; H. e.); 2 - to xe, Àera^b (oxono l/2 H. B.); 3 - o6,rouox ^onarbl
    (oxo,ro 1/5 n. n.); I - ueÂuorii reoa4o (3/., n. s.) i 5, 6 - Kor(aHb[e QarypKn roÀoBbl
    t g P H o r o K o 3 ^ a ( o K o ^ o 1 , 1 1n . n ) ; 7 - noxra croÀuKa (oxo,to t/5 u. e.); 8- *no4yulrq'
    (oxo,ro l/6 u. r.).
    4A V
    T . q E . t tA

    / - n a f i m a È a c r e u H o r o s o f i . r o x a( p e x o t c r p y x g n t , o K o ^ o I ; n . H , ) ; 2 - x o , r , , ; J a iJ - - xo'r.a-
    u n e u s o 6 p a N e I I H l rn e r 1 i x o B H a K O ^ o A e .
    TAEÀr'rAA VI

    Ët'iq+

    .{era,,rn ysgbr n ce4,ra N! l.


    7 - .racrt' r{ocoBol'o p e M n n c 6 , r q x a M r ( o x o , r o l i z n . s . ) 1 2 - n c a , r s i i c 6 r r n x o f i - p a l g n , \ x o f i
    (oxo,ro 1/2 t.); 3- 6,rsxa-ua,to6snx (oxo,ro r/" n, n'); 4 - xoxaHatr atrr^r'IKaguu
    ". c B o i i ; r . o . l H o f in o K p h r r t r x u c e 4 . L a ( o x o a o 1 / r n . n - ) .
    \
    .s
    \!

    5
    a^
    'T
    F-

    ôi
    Z
    o
    rd

    (.)
    TAE-II'1U A VIII

    ";
    ,{ :'"ru.6 .

    B o f i . r r o q n a gû o x p r ' I t u x a c e A ^ a N s 3 .
    i- ,as.4au,q t*

    Ysaa I'lb 4'


    / * r,ro16j1,ç; 2 - ncatnï,r (t/a
    ", ".).
    \

    X
    \
    !t

    s
    \
    F- ;

    r
    z
    c
    {
    a

    *#**49+

    C5'.
    I
    c\

    -ë,
    E

    I
    i\
    I

    X
    \

    \
    \
    N

    ;
    ;
    :.

    I
    N

    <
    c

    t
    u,q Xii
    rAEÀià

    ,nera:.u ce4.na Ne 5,
    /-xoxasoo HarpyÀHo€ yKpaoeulro-Mu9uqecKuii o p e . l ( o r < o n ol / 3 r ' n . ) ; 2-ero
    roÀoBa (oxolro l/2 n. n.); 3-xoxasaÉ QErypRa t o ^ o abl ropnoro Ko3^a c narpy4uoro
    polrua (oxoJroVr t .r.); 4-xoxauax a r n ^ û K a g l f f c a o f i r \ o ' l H o f in o K p b l u t K r l c e 4 , r a ( 1 / 3x , a . ) .
    T A E . 4 n U AX r r r

    r
    '
    dr:
    r,
    fl;\ $
    , ,1, ! Ê :

    l1 d,
    -*JÊ'
    ff
    *'î&''

    "<

    Macxa xoneroro y6opa Nr 5 (pexoacrpyxgnr).


    xtv
    1'AB.^aUA

    y:.4r,r Ns 6 (rce 1/2 n. n.).


    /,era,rr.r

    / .- nc rlufi; 2 - 6tnxa HocoBoro peMHt ; 3 - 6rrgxa or fiepeKpoc'rbtr Ha IgoqnoM peMHe;


    3o - npucranHafl qacrb ee; 4 - 6t'gxa Pt4oBatI.
    ' t A B . 4 n u Ax v

    Qroaouue vs,lrr ii'g 7,


    X
    <f

    \(
    5

    F-

    I\

    r )

    t$'.s ,lg
    l.

    TAEÀHUA XVII

    I - noÀsecxa ce4ra Ns 9 (oxo,ro l/s x. n.); 2- xoxauoe ueo6paxeuue,


    l/i
    rulrre y ce4,ra No 7 (oxo,ro r/, u. a.); 3-narpunuux Korcxoro y6opa No 10 (oxolo
    "'t')'
    -r'AË"4ilAA
    XVIII

    r/,: n. e.).
    f e r a l u ya4nr Ne 8 (rce oxo,ro

    l-3 - 6,lsxr or neperpeerufi p e M H e f i ; 4 - 6 x a r a HoceBoro PeMHti 5-nca^qË.


    TAEÀNUA XIX

    d#

    )'.r:a Jtô 9.
    7 ' A E À U U AX X

    '""-qui
    ?a
    ,tJFî

    .{erant ya4u JÉ 9.
    / - 6 , r s x a o r n ô p o K p e c î n a p e u r r e f i ( o x o n o 1 / 2 u . a . ) ; 2 - 6 ; t a x a p x 4 o a a x ( o x o . l r o1 l z s . t . ) ;
    J, 4 - ncatun (1/t r. s.); 5 - 6,rsra rrocoBoro peruua (oxo:ro 1/z lr. s.).

    s
    fÀ8"4ila,qxkl

    1/2 u. a.).
    .{erarru ye4nr }S 10 (oco oxo,ro
    / - 6arrlrrxa no46opo4ounoro peMsr;
    2-6xsxa rrocoBoro peMut; 3-nca.nufi; 4 - 6utxa or nepexpecrr,a pouuofi;
    J-6nara-pa3BH^Ka rgeqnoro peMnr.
    rÀE)r'ruAxxli

    Cea,r,oNb 10.

    IB
    TA6À14UA XXilt

    MacKaxgncxoro y6opa JÉ 10.


    \0
    I

    \
    X
    X
    \
    Èl

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    F-

    cô ri

    1
    z,
    3 â
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    6

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    gq \ô
    cd

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    < , 9

    < :

    cq ( l <
    o
    r i c

    Êo*@{m, {iil
    N P H ME ' qA H H .É i

    L B. B. À a r n ru e n. pJgseclÈji
    tpeBgr{x 1t. pu"àn*"raArsao-
    urcare.lefi rpeqecxlix y .rarsscxui o J, fl. f p n:u u -
    .,, y"oopslrrn ioc. "Jp-uuraaa,
    Cxa_
    Q*H K a s x a : . e .
    Il. Cilc., l..lùJ. Sï-
    I, 1940.
    ^ ta, t\t. tL. l pt3HoB. j t a 3 l r p b r x c x o cx f i n -
    .2. tau " xo, crp. U9. "rp.
    :fiecx-o^e
    3. Haz6oaee tio,*ro* xj.4aHHe 3rHx
    Re- _uorpe6onue na Ar.rae. flpupo_
    rgefi cru. B Rnllre: H. T o., sa,7929,.tVr 11; H. .8. Mapp. k-;;-

    rj_r,iï,'f"ïfrï:" rïff *ëtïË:


    o Ë'- r.
    Fi. Kolrr4aKon. pr""^iru ",
    ;;";;;r;
    B _ r r a u r r g x x a x f i c r ( J i c c r B a ,n u n . - 3 ,
    Cfii.,
    ËiT,
    ( ePutr .8. 1929,
    1890, crp. 44-65." 17 ( "\rls npune4"""o"
    4. tlacla ae^ureûus CDpoaoecxoro 3âecb ongcaEae naMgîI{EXa 3aIlÀrcT80_
    co6pa- Ba,Eo H3 npeÀual,rgeË crarrr:);
    ritu a Spuurar{e BocûpousBeausu pâr_ C. H.
    . ' . o B b r Me,u . : B . B , p a À À o B . rIy.4enxoJ.,,Cxurpcxoe.. nocpe6e_
    Cl,6ro- Hlro ttocrosgoro A.r,rax. Coo6nreuus
    cr(He apeBsocrs. 3anxcxn pv""*.
    .ir_ f A H i l , l K , 1 9 3 1 J. S 2 ; M . p . - ô ; i ; ;
    xeo,r. o6qr., Vll. 1895, ra6-r."XXIi.
    {xry,t-xxrx,rr . c o t r xx*r:"" "' 3:
    loy,. E. A. Goio-utrt"[. Tt"
    -.) . t r . _r r . r - a d e o B , y x"'ri; .,
    Fazirik_Burial of attoi. À*"ii"""'.1".*]
    erp. lg3_. nal,of Archa"oin.qy,
    188x 197-213;oi x vot. Xxitii: iôSb,
    psl:Iril Cr6rrpu, âîanor,xcsaa po"""", ". àil;;;;;;._ .\e. J ; L.a-ure_
    À4o r ge n s I e r n. L'cr,po_
    srrronct'Art lranien de 1935à Leninsiad
    ,( , . 1.,À1, ns.1.JJoanrpa,Cnd._M., 1g84. et fes.décorr'ertes de p";y;nt.-'i{;;;;
    -n3Becr&t Apxeo,tor. ftoltlrcct H. Bbrn. 'p,il.. -1t35,
    des
    g2:]erj: :lr. rs_ar;M.-ir.'I P;;: ,Arts Asiatiques, X,
    r\s e;
    ItoB, I!1'. I ps3BoB. flasbrnrrxcxHù
    llaMtTrraxu uarieunpcKoro
    ânoxlr
    oTal]a ';iP'1". CJCP. roc. Opvurax,
    paHHIlX fioseBB:tKoB Ra Arrrae. ,*jJ
    Lr.jt. rfl,I
    ,
    coo6rgeauaritJMK, XVilt. ol , ; -I .. t a 3 b r p h r r i c K o M
    Àprrfix coo6rgenufi
    1f,f,;-"" KypraHe rfoMetrIoll liax
    i.M. n., f paaHoe.
    fperrae x.-_rr,_
    :rypu _A.ntax. Mar. no ii.vu. CoO"pn, 1i "B:b'::Bitïï:'#î "*ïJJ"u"î"ffi
    :
    c.roxa. C6. ,,Koncnrre,opoao, Co"rrr";
    2 , H o n o - C n 6 z p c x ,I 9 3 0 ; O ; ; ; .
    3 un.
    r_acxonxg .1'.lvr", rr:a. BACXHn^, btl.,' 1937,
    xnlxecxofi Morlr^rrr sa AÀrae. crp.25,
    , 9e,rooox, 1928, Ilir 2-4. 14. O x-e_pa-rore
    E. C. B. Knce.rres. Hs pa6ora,rraii_ r flaerrpul(cKoÀrxyDralre
    oxoii oxcue4ngan foc. I,lËr"po*;;;;;; c.*.: M. II. f pgsuoi. nu"roiii"no.
    Mvce.sB 1934r. Cose: x:rrÂxecxoonorpo6enae sa A,rrâe,
    flpra-
    re,ss,
    r,e
    ï ;-o; ; ;:ïiiif TJ,i,i,ii,ij; poa!. 19.29,Is-l I : M. 14. C;;,;i;.
    C n.Saqypr*r, B. H. T;;;;;f
    npelra.BccrHux4peareË e+1, x )t 'I, B. æ. T y M e À b. O6gtoe nreos-
    1 9 2 ; ^ . a . E u r r o x o""rop"".-r
    Ba r C. B.
    Kucerres, Orser o pa6orax Curoo_ _ _ .\oroBeÀenae. I\,4.-À.. 1940,crp. 215 li,.
    15. Onpe.4erreaur Macrû, Bogpacra
    Àarairc-xout apxeo,l,oruuecxofi axcneÀu_ r artc-
    g n u n 1 _ 9 3 5r . T p y : u r f o c . xorenc4eaaxor
    r'ry:ez, XVI. 19.11.-
    H.ropr,". ;;t"i".ti. i:"f#i:i:"
    15. C. B. Kllce.^es.
    9. C)ny6,raxo"u" ro^uo,
    d:-"ii. "i ;;ï: AÀrar? B cxriçenoe
    nçer'Lr, Becrnvx 4pc*nefi ,l"roprrr'l
    "*.,'
    x o c r ' r E b r x t K I r a r r r e H H r x""3:"d"i::iil
    *on.,^ofi ys4o,
    94?,
    17.
    Eg _O11g o aes"eir,lrocrs Axa4euru H "-,"
    ayx
    " c?KcrK{ (ap.csx o r . o , . x } - p i a n a n a A i r a e . *,1e2e r., q. ir. ;";.-i-i.'^
    r,oBe
    ,1ru , _ J ' l p x e o À C , r Baqo€xcekoBÀe o r x q , V ] l l , 1 9 4 6 .
    .^ çgql
    1 8 .M . tI. Fprrnoo. Fo^o''ro-*"*"r"o,
    Hce_\e4OBaEI.L lB B
    FCtD_qP 1934-1936
    .", lrÀ,_f,-lSSi,
    onpe4eÀeBïI.! oTnralrîe.\bBlrO B03-
    crp.306. cocprlrlelillrr'l1Pûpo4s'
    iliô: #ii"x

    89
    .l!. Apreo,rorr-rqecKHe zcc,\eÂoBâFrr{ff B K p a c u o r p c x ,1 8 9 8 ,c r p . 1 1 0 ; C , I ' t . P y -
    PCæCP 1934-1936rr. Si{.-À,. 1941, r e E K o. Ëanxupot,q. ll, 3an. Pf O uo
    crp. 292-293. C)r4. etuorpaçnn, XLIII, II, ^., 1925,
    2û. Kparxue, trperBaplrrolrrÉbte -
    3aK,r.Io-{e crp. 194 c,r.
    HHfl O:-,1eCTe trA3blpblKCKHX .:\OtrIûAe:r B 3 5 . C u . , s a n p u M o pB: . B . P a g . r o n . C n -
    i{cTopill,I co3Àarrufi l(or{cK[Ix nopoé cx, 6apcrlro gpeBrrocru,Marep. no apieoÀ,
    B crarbe B. C). Burra ,,Àoma4r' gpen- Poccxn. Ne 15, 1894,ra6:r. XVI, 4-6.
    :rero Bocroxa". C6, ,,Koncrr.re ûopo;Ihr 36. fr,. V|. C u u p a o e. Boc'roquoecepo6po.
    Cpe4neË Agnr.r". Hs,I. BACXHI4^, ll., Ctl6., 1909' ta6:r. V, iS 17.
    i937, crp. 24 c,r. 37. Cu., rranptrMêp:A Survey of Persian
    2 1 . B . B . { , n a r p H e B . K o n n Tn t r e s o e p u Art from Prehistoric Times to the Pre-
    Alraûcxoro 3arroBe4HI,IKa II rrpu^ea.a- sent. Edit. A. U. Pope. London ancl
    rqlrx Mecî. Tpyar,r Altaricxolo focy- Net' York. 1938, vol. lV, Pl. ?7 A.
    IapcTBeMOi'O 3aûOBe4HIIKa, er'ln. i, \1., 3 8 . O . I v l .D a l t o n . T h e T r e a s u r oo f t h o
    1931. Oxus, London. 1905, PI. XVl, 116.
    22. C- ,1. O r n e n. 3eepx Bocrocsofi Ea- 39. CD.3 H r e ,t b c. flpoucxox4enfie ceMbra,
    Forbr rr Ceeepnol-r Àsxu, r. i[, M.-.,\,, qacrnoù co6ctsenqoctll t4 rocyaapcrBa.
    \931, crp. 292. K. Mapxc n (0. 3sre,rnc, Cocusesss
    23..1/r. CÀoBg os. cprsnxo-reorpaipaqe- XVI, i, 1937, crp. 83.
    csuii ovepn ceeepuoË uacru xeprrscroiâ 40. I4axunQ [6N.rypur]. C o 6 p a u q oc B e -
    crens..,3auucns 3aE, Cn6. Ora, PfO, {,err:aîro Hapogax, o6arasmux r Cpo4-
    XXI, 1897,crp. 126. Hefi Asrrll B dpeanrlo apeuerra, u. l,
    24. C. B. Kace,res. AÀrafi a cxËtpcxùe Cfl6., 1851, crp. 14-15.
    Bpelrr. Becrn. 4pera. ncropnu, 194?, 41. Tau xe, ctp. 251.
    Ne ?, crp. 1r9 u 165. 42. Tav. xe, v. II, crp. 30.
    2 5 . B . B . f u r . rr p a e e , ] ' l < . c û q . , c r p . 43. Taru xe, q. I, ctp. 350.
    243-215. 44. Tav. xe, crp. 460.
    26.U. T or\croft q H. i{anga}roB, 45. I e p o g o r. Hctopfirr R Aeafr:vr Kuu!'ax,
    PycerNe gpeBnocrr.r..,, Iil, Cn6., 189!:), IV, 7t (flepeeog cD. f. Mr.rrgeuno).
    Pwc. I L. 4 6 . C n r . , H a n p r . r M e pO
    , . A. Kpr.rBgoBa-
    2i."4. "toÀcror'i n H. Kou:aK)8, f paxosa. ArexceeBcxoe noco,tesue
    -71.
    )'K.coq., puc.69 ,I Morl.r^r,rrHt(. Tpy4r'r foc. Hcrop. uy'
    28. A. S a I rn o n y. Sino-Siberian Art in the Bes,XVII, M., 1948,puc.37 u 40;M. fI.
    Collection of C. T. Loo, Paris, 1933, f paenon. florpe6ennx 6pousonofi
    ra6,r. XXI, 1-2. snoxta 3ura4uôru Kasaxcràse. C6.
    2 9 . M . O . D a l t o n . T h e T r e a s u r eo f t h e "
    ,,Kasaxn", II, ^., 1927, puc.24,20.
    Oxus, London, 1905,ta6;t. VIII u nX. 47. Cu., Hanpaùrep: M. n. f p  s rr o B, yI(.
    30. Orqer Apxeoaoravecxofixouuccua :a corr., puc. 27, 3 s 22, 7.
    1864 r. Ar,rac, ra6:r. V, pvr.7 v 2. 48. M. n. fpaeuos. Pacxonxa xutxo-
    3 1 . - \ . A . f l o n o e . O , r e n e s o J c r Byo. 4 o n - cxoli rroruar,r sa A;rr:ae. ,,tlerronex",
    râr{. Coeercxas orrrcrpa4Efi, 1935, 1928, N? 2-4, puc. 7.
    Ns 4*5, crp. 189-190. 49.14- T oÀcroù u H. Korr.4aKoB,
    32. l{. n. I p r a rr o a. Eoapcxaq nucasr- vK. coq., puc. 54, 55 r 68.
    6a. Coo6qeuus |AHMK, 1933,Ne7-8, 50. H. t. ll'app. Cpe4crna nepe4Brtxe-
    cro.41-45. llrrfr, opy.4rrr caMo3argETbl L Uporls-
    3 3 . I - 1 .X a p y 3 r r H . Irlcropax pasBnrir,q BoâcrBa B i4oricropnu. Hs4. Kaex. ticro-
    ;tiiiÀIIIIJa y XOtIeBbIX Il IIOÀ'iiKOqeBrJrK pnxo-apleo^. uncr., À., 1926.
    'lrJpKcxHx 51. H. fl. Mrpp.K
    H MorrroÀbcKHx xapo3noc, en oruery o sarpauuqrlofi
    Poccnu. Stnorpaçuuecxoe o6oapenae, KoMarrÀrpoBr(e (17rllI*Z2lYl 7929\.
    1896,N, '2-3, up. 77. CAH CCCP, 1929,B, No 17,ctp. 324.
    51. I'1. f. f eopru. Ouucasae o6ntaio- 52. ^. n, floranoe. C,terr,r roreMrlcrrr-
    rgzx r Poccuficxov rocvÂapcrRe irapo- qecKrlx npeJcraBÀeE&ft y a,'.taiiger, Co-
    ÂoB, rr. II, Cn6., 1795, crp. 167r A. -\. Be:cKat srnorpa(purl, 1935, Ns 3*4"
    KvgseEoBa u fl. E. Ky-raxor. crp. 135, 143 a ,1p.
    ùlunycraRcxno il aqurrcKLe rlgopodgrri,
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