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Грязнов М.П. - Первый Пазырыкский курган - 1950
Грязнов М.П. - Первый Пазырыкский курган - 1950
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BOpOT B BOeHHOMÀe^e CTenHbrX [^eMeH.
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xoBbrM KoHeM, KaKoe-To nÀeMs (a ruoxer 6urr, a He oÀHo, H B pa3ubrx Mecrax
crensoË noaocu) e VII B. À,o H. e. nopBa^o co ceoefi, B ro BpeMÂ cesouHofi,
oce.4Àocrbro I{, qacro Meuta nacr6utga À,^r cKora, nepeu^o K KoqeBoMy o6paay
6orrr BecbMa yÀaqeH, TaK KaK nourn 6eerpaHnqHoe yBe^Hr{eHHe
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nenesHrrfi ycnex B cro^KHoBeHH.gxc oceÀÀbrMH n.\eveHanrrl. Bega no4uExuofi
o6pae xrueHlr, KoqeBHIIKH Mor^H coBepuarb crpe\rrtre.\bHbre HeorKHÀanHbreHa'
6ern ua oceÀÀbre noce^eHug H, He À,aBnpornBHHKy co6parrca c cu^aMr4, TaK?fie
crpeMuTe^bHo cKpbrrbcq or flpecÀeÀoBaHnr, yBo3fl c co6ofi soenuyro 4o6uuy.
Bce oto Molnno 6urro Àerrarb, He HapyrrJaa HopMa^bHoro xoÀa xogrËcrseuuofi
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B ccbrÀKe Ha 6epery
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srrrË o&nofi pyxofi natuer, a s gpynofi Àep)firtr opy?Kne.
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B Crenffx, TaK I{ B ^ecax no BepxHeMy f,uenpy u Boare, no one IE
n cîenH, Ha reppl'IToPl{t{ coBpe-
u aToro 6nrao rreg,ocraroqHo. Ha rpaHngax ^eca
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&penocruoe coopyxrenl'Ie - BerrHryro KnraficKylo creuy.
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or Toro,
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rracrHbrx BonpocoB no Hcropr.rH cKE(po-capMarcKHx n-\eveH flpuvepHonnopr,n
H r4pyrfix oKpalrHHbrx rpynn paHHHx KoqeBHHKoB.
B eronr ornorrreHxu Hau6o^btrrufi xHTepec npeJcraB.\rer HsyqeHr.re naMtr-
HHKoB AaraËcr<oro xpaa. HccaegoBauubre sg,ecb na\rrrHrrKr{ no3BoÂ.rllor npoc^e-
À,r,rrbocHoBHbresranbl pasB?rrl{r Ky^brypbr paHHHx l(oqeBHHKoBc VII e. Ao H. e.
no I e. H. a. flpu aroM ycraHaB^rrBaercr, qro H a.rraiicKrre nÀeMeHa He ï{H,\H
saMKHyro, eHe csseefi c HapoÀaMH apyrofi Ky^brl'pbr, Ho Ja^eKo or HHx Haxo-
l,flryuecfl genrpbr apeBHHx gt4Bn^H3agr.rfi He vorrn oKa3arb Ha Irx Ky^brypy
'raKoro cfiÀbHoro B^Hflriv!f,, KaKoe, HanpnMep, oKa3brBa.\a fpegna e Cxnçrln.
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KaMepbr. B caegyrcrgeM roi4y ca6upcnnfi ry6epnarop, nn. M. II. farapnn, npn-
crra,r flerpy erge À,Benaprun nogo6uux nergeË. Tar cocrasil^acb nepBafl s Poc-
cI,Iu apxeo^ofr,rqecKat Ko^^eKgHr, HbrHe roprq,ocro Spuntaï{a, u3BecTHafl uo,4
HaBBaHHeMCa6apcroft Ko^^eKgIrE flerpa flepnoro, npe.q,craB^slolgas co6ofi oAHo
[î3 caMbrx ÀyrrII]Hx co6pannfi no HcKyccrBy paHHI{x KoqeBHHKoBCu6npw,3
Cnycrx cro ^er nocÀe4oBaÀo Apyroe suaqrrre^bHoe nono^Heulle MygeeB
naMrrHuKaMH pauHnx KoqeBHuKoB Aa'ras, flpocaergennblfi g,etre^b A,,ttaficroro
nopHoro oKpyra, Ko^^eKguonep-^Io6nre^r fl. K. CDpo.,toe, B Haqa^e XIX e.
co6çaa 6oaoruoe Ko^HqecrBo paanoo6pasubrx gpeBHocrefi, uponcxoÀ,flIgttx upe-
uMyrgecrBeHHo r,r3 xilrgHïqecKHx pacKonoK B ropHosaBo4cnnx pafioHax 3anaA-
Horo H ceBepo-sana4Horo Aaras. 3geco 6uau 6poneoBbre, r4epeBtHHbreH Kocr.fl.
Hbre qacrn c6pyËHux npnHag,^exuocTefi, npegMerbr yKparuenr4q, opyrKne, opy-
t{epea nocpe.4,crBo f. 14. CnaccKoro noqru Bce arc)
!\yrt pr gpyrue npe,4Merbr.
co6panue nocrynil^o B Myseu Mocnerr u llerep6ypra. t{acro Belgefr, se6oau.
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qa^e HbIHeIuHeto cTo^eTlrlr, HeKoTopbre cBeA,eHH.flo pe3y^bTaTax xrtrgHr4r{ecKnx
pacKo[oK <<6yrpoetguroe>>, coo6rgenurte yt{eubIMH flyreurecrBeHHr.IKaMI,r
f. @. Muaaepola (1733-1744 rr.), CD. 14. CrpaaeH6eprorvr(1730 r) u
fL G. Ilaaaacou ( 1770 r.) a, Haxoneg, npao6pereHnyro l. CD. MraaaepoM He-
6o,,rmryrc cepurc orÀe^bHbrx eergefi,- 3ro 6yÀer sce, qro Aa^a .q,opeBo^rog?rou-
Hafl rrayKarro osHaKoM^enaloc naMsrHriKaMHpaHHHXKoqeBHHKoB Ha A^Tae.
Lllupoxo pasBepny^Hcb apxeo^orr4qecKneBcc^eÀoBanr.rsua Aarae ^?rrub
B coBercKoeBpeM.fl,Sxcue4ugun ^euuufpagcKr.rx, MocKoBcKux r Mecrnbrxrrayq-
Hbrx yqpelrgeHnfi t,ts roi4a B roÀ ûpoIrgeou4^r4pacKonrn MHoroqrc^euHbrxna-
MffTHIIKoBpagHblx ânox B ropnbrx, crenHbrx H ^ecHbrx paiionax Aataficnoro
Kpa.fl, B ToM quc^e u 6o,,rrruoro KoÀqqecrBa naMtrHHKoB BpeMeHHpaHHHX KotIeB-
HHKOB.
Hsyveuue rroc^eAHnx nogBo^lrÀo He ro.\bKo no.\yr]HTb o6rlee npeÀcraB-
ÀeHHe o Ky^brype paHHHx KoqeBHHKoBAaras, Ho n pa3Àe^rrrb rlx naMgrHrrr(ii
I{a rplr xpoHo^orprqecKue rpynnbi H [pocÀeÀHTb, TaKH]r o6pasov, nocreneHnoe
pasBI4TIaeKy^bTypbr cooTBeTcTBeHHOTpeM nOC.\eJOBaTe^bHbrM gTanaM - rr,rafi-
eMlrpcroMy ( V I I - V I B B . g o H . e . ) , n a s b r p b r K c K o r r v( \ , ' - l l l BB. Ao n. a.) n
mu6nucxorrry (ll e. ao H. e. - I e. H. a.) -y KoqeBbrx rpynr Hace^euLr.flB ro-
pax H [pe4ropHbrx creflrx H coorBercreeHuo 6o.rouepeqeucKoMy, 6uËcnoruy n
6epeaoncxouy y oce4rrofi qacrn Hace.\euufl B paËoHe cocuoBbrx 6opoe no 6eperau
pex 06r.r u Euu.
Haqarrscr arr.r Hcc^eg,oeaHna
padoravrr a-rrarïcxoi-rarcneÀagar.rfocygap-
crBeuuoro Myse.a erHorpaeuu (6oreu:. 3ruorpaçuvecrufi or4e,t focygapcreeu-
aoro Pyccxoro Myeex) B cocraBe C. l'1. Pv:eHKo- opranr.rsaropaH pyKoBo-
&ure^fl aKcnea,ngsH,
A. H. fayxoaa, aBropa rr JpyrHx corpygr{HKoe.3a ro4rrr
c 1924 no 1929 eKcne.4rru'snpo'3Be.\a pacKonKr HecKo^bK'rxKyp.a'Hbrx Mo-
|H^bHHKOB naSbIpbIKCKOnOn Urn6nHcKoro STanoB H ucc^er4oBa^a oceÀÀbre noce-
l.e*vs. BpeMeHHpaHHHX KoqeB.HrrKoB
no 6eperau O6u r.r 5su. Han6oanuuË us.
Tepec trpeÂ,craB^ÂrorpacKonKr.r 6orrru:oro KaveHHoro Kypraua e LLIa6e
(M. n. lpxsnoe, 1927), rro KoropoMy Ha3BaH noc,re4Hzfi orarr B pasBurrr{
Ky^brypbr paHHr'tx KoqeBHuKoB Arrrax, H raKoro xe KypraHa e flaerrprKe
(M. n. fpasHon, 1929\, HaBBaHHeKoroporo npncBoeuo BropoMy arany. llo4
Hacbrnbro o6oux nypraHoB orKpbrror 6orattre norpe6enu.rr n^eMeHHbrx eoxAefi,
Haxor4,rrBulvec.rrB 3aMepsrxeM rpyHTe H nOTOr.ty npeKpacHo coxpaH[rBruHecfl vl
gaBrrJve o6narrsrrË MarepHa^, BcecropoHHe ocBergarorgHfi xy,rnrypy paHHr.rx
KoqeBHHKoB A.,rrag. 7
B 1934-1937 *. o6ruupu'e pacKonKH KypraHoB naâbrpbrKcKo.o rr rrr'-
6r'rHcroro araroB B pa3Hbrx nyHKrax ropHofo A,r'ra.fl npor.rsBe^r7 C, B. KHceaes
n À. A. Esrrcxosa. floqr:n Bce ern KypraHbr oKasa^r.rcb norpe6eunrrvrn po4onofi
tsHarl'r r.r Àa^r{ 6oauurofi r,r paenoo6pasHrrrii Marepaa^. Oco6enuo urrrepeceH
KypraH e Kapanorre, B KoropoM coxpauu^ocb He rrorpeBolrer{FrbrMrpa6r.n.e,raulr
6oraroe 2KeHcKoenorpe6eune,
10
B ceeepHnrxnpeÂropbtx A,ltar li B paËone Bepxnefi O6s viuoro naus'i"-
HHKoBpacnor'al. z 1929-1934 ronax C. M' Cepreen. 3to 6urrn Kypral{bl c no-
rpe6eunxuu ocuoBabrx c^oeB xoqesofi n oce4,rofi rpynn Hace^eult 14 og,Ho
ropo4tuge. e
P^g aHrepecublx naMtrHçrKoBLIcc^eÀ,oBaH A. n. Mapr<oetrnr (1915 n
1937 rr.), A. T. Kyauegoeoi'r(1935 r.), C. C. t{epuunoBblM(1937 s 1948 rn')
a ÀpyrHMn,
Hanoneg, eKcneâ,uglrnSprnruraxa w klncrnryra ucropulr ruatepllaaruoft
Ky^brypbr Axag,ervrprnHayn CCCp, npe.4rplrgllMaeMble 6oruruefi qacrl'lo
coBMecrgo, gcc^e.4oBa^I{ KypraHbI uafiauupcnoro orana e Ycrl-Kyrorvre
( f . n . C o c H o e c K L I f i1, 9 3 6 . . ) t t ' r , u u 6 u H c r o r o - e . f l n o n y p e( M ' f I . l - p a e -
so1, 1939),11 noce,teHltfl s MorIr^bHI'IKI'IB ypoqglge E,tnxuue Err6anrr s-l
p. O6n, nprrHa4^exalg[e rpeM noc-i\e.4,oBa?e^bHblM aranaM palBurilfl Ky^brypbl
qcegaofi qacrlt HaceÀenaa (fpa:Hos, 1946-1947 rc.) H npog,o^x{a^Ëpacnonx{l
KypraHoBe flaanpnxe (C. 14. Py4enno, 1947-1948 n.).
KaMeHHbIx
Ha A,rtae naM.sTH[tKoB
KorrnqeCteoucc^e4oBaHHblx elge HeÀocTAToqHo
A^t
t'oro, UIO6U C I{x noMOIUb}OItO?KHo 6u;ro pagpe111gTbBCe BCTaIOIgHe nepeÀ
acc^eÀ,oBare^eMBonpocbr no HcropHH paHHHX KoqeBHHKoBAataa, Ho oHo y?fie
Hacro^bxo BeÀHKo,.Iro o6uaq KaPTHHapa3Bl'rrut Ky^brypbl noc^eÀ'Hnx B ocuolJ-
HbrX cBoux qepTax uoXet 6ttto npe4çraB^eHa, npnqeM HeKoTopble Bgnpoçbl
uoryr 6nnr ocBetgeubl c He6rteaaofi s apxeoaorn.Iecxofi flpaKTuKe noaHorofi
6,rarogapa IdcK^toql{re^bHo HHrepecHbIM HaxoA,KaM B KypraHax flasrrpnrna.
Cpegn 6o.,rnuroro Ko^I4qeCTBa neeectnrll HaM renepb naM.aTHI'IKoBpanHnx Ko'
qeBHnKoB Ha A^Tae, Aa H He To^bKo na Arrtae, Kyplagbl e flaerrporxe SaHI{-
MaIOT COBSpIrreHHO oCO$Oe MeCTo no CBOeMy HCTOpHqeCKOMySHaqeHI'IIO'H pac-
nolrKrr nepBoro I,r3 HLx s 1929 r. qBHÀItcb co6bITHeM B apxeo^ornu Cn6:apu,
Heo6rtqafiHa.fi coxpaHnocrb norpe6eHI,It Bo Àbgy BnepBble flo3Bo^It^a HaM
KaK HI,IqTo;t{HoMa^O OCTaeTCgB 3eM^e B O$bIr{HbrXyc^o"
pea^bgo npe.q,CTaBLITb,
BLrtX oT norpe$eggblx B Hefi npegMeToB, KaK Hr4qTOïtHo MaÀo 3Ha^n MbI' Hanpfi'
Mep, o BepxoBoM KoHe lt qso6paanTe^bnoM HcKyccrBe paHuux KoqeBHI{KoB,noKa
pacno^arâ^H ^HIIIb HeMHOTHMH yge^eB[II{MH OT paspytueHEf KocrsKaMH ^o[lâ'
Àefi, yg,Ë^aMr.r, npsxiKaMn H yKparxeHr.rffMH c6pyfiurrx peMHefi. ornp6rr,re
n flasrrprrrcxona Kyprage gecffTb rpynoB ^ollla.4,efi c ux flo^HocTblo Co-
xpauuBmaMtrc.n y6opank noKaBa^H H3yMHTeÀbHoe$orarcrBo h pasgoo6paane
lt
t: ,
npoluÀoro, KaKI{MH Mbr Ào CItx nop He pacnolaraÀn. oHn 3HaqHTe^bHo paciln-
pH^u HaIIrll npeÀcTaB^eHl{'f, o Ky^bType paHHIrx KoqeBHnKoB, ocBeTHB HeKolo'
pbre Bonpocbl Hx !nLr3HH, OCTaBaBrllI'teC,IpaHee A^ff Hac reMHbrMlt, HeyÀaan^
TeÀbHo nogTOMy, rfro, HecMorpr Ha orcyrcrBr.re nog,po6Hofi ny6ÀHKagr4r.rpacKo-
non [lagbrpbrKcxoro Kypraga, ero Marepna^br r,rc[o^bsoBaHbl yrfie B gectrKax
pa6or apxeo^oroB no pasHbrM BonpocaM Hs Hcropr{lr 6aaarux rlo BpeMeHH g,peR-
HHx n^eMeH' qTo oHH lul'tpoKo npHBÀeKaroTc.aB ucc^eAoBaHHtx LrcKyccTBoBeg,oB,
arHorpa(poB, ^HHrBIrcroB, reorpa(poB, Mepg^oroBeÀ,oB, HIIno^oroB, Berepr.rHapoR
n gpyrnx. K coxaaeuulo, nog,roroB^eHHoe MHoro K H3ÀaH?rrc no^Hoe onncaHfie
MaTepHa^oB flaaorprrncxoro KypraHa co cBo.4,HbrMo6aopovr Bcex Apyfr,rx naM.flT-
HnKOB paHHrrx KoqeBHI'IKOBna A.lrae, neqaraBueeca e 1941 r., He Mof^o no-
flB.hrrbcg.B cBer H3-3a pa3paeEeruefics eofiHrr. Xora ara pa6ora n ucno^b3yercfl
yà(e apxeo^oraMl{ no pyKonIlcHbIM eKseMn^tpaM' Ho oHa gocryfiHa IIoKa orPa-
HHqeHHOMy Kpyry apxeo^oroB, flosroruy B 3a,4arry Hacrorrgefo orrepKa Bxo4trr
rre ro^bKo o6lgee osHaKoM^eHr.re luupoKofi uayvnofi o6rgecrneHuocrr.r c oAHnM
vI3 UHTepeCHefiIIlux naMrrHHKoB Ky^brypbr r.r ïcKyccrBa gpeBHHx nÀeMeu
Arrtaa, HO n no Bo3MolnHocru noÀpo6Hoe ocBergeHne Bcex ocHoBHbrx eno Male-
pna^oB' Ko'l'opoe, xort H He 3aMeHr.rr co6ofi sageprKaBurypct BbIxoÂoM B cBel
IIo/\HyIO nyd^nKagnrc naMflTHr.rKa, Ho r4acr cnegua^r.rcrav crorree no^Hbre cBeAe-
HH'ffo naMfTHI'lKe' qeM Te' KoTopbte HMe^flcb B Bbllrle.4luHxÀo ctlx nop KpaTKIrx
coo6tgenuRx o HeM.'t
<X.X.X.XX.X.XqXg:ereXrXrkLrXr%%)
I
pÀcKoIIKIt Kypr^aHA I{ HAXOnq,KIt
B HEM
'
PacxonKlr Kypraua s LLIr.r6e, pacno^olxegHoroB coaueuuoË,xopolûo npo-
rperaeuoË Ào^HHe,noKasaÀH,qro Mep3io'ra He pacnpocrpaHterc.s3a npeÀ,eÀbr
xaneHnofi HacbrnHKypraHa r.r qro caMo oopasonaaueee o6yc.nos^eHoprofi na.
cbrnbto. craao rcHo, r{To B rx'porax A,rras Mo2nHoBcrper'Tb Hairrq'e Mep3-
Ào't'br H, c^eÀoBare^bHo,npeKpacHo coxpaHnBrrreectnorpe6eHne no.4, KarKÀbrM
6o-,rruunaKaMeHHbrM KypragoM. f,aa garrruefiruax nccrregonauuË6o,,rrnrax ryp-
raHos 6nra r.ra6paH4pyrofi nygKr - Kypranbr e [aarlprlne. flpn pacKonKax
u [I-lr.r6e6oarrune rpyÀ,Hocra npeÀcraBr,r^Epa6orur B MepB^oM rrruuncro-rge6-
HacroM rpyHTe, n ffaaupuxe lKe, rro r.rMeBuHMcscBe.4,eHHflM, rpyHr 6rra [€crtâ-
r.ir',i.tu MolnHo 6ulao oxfiÀarn 6orree 6rraronplrsrHbre yc^oBl4fl odpaeoeauun
MepS^oTbI' TaK KaK na3blpblKcKl'teKypraHbl Haxo.4,tTct Ha BbIcoTe B no^Topa
paaa 6orrrrrefi, ueu ruu6raucxue,B MecrHocrH c 6oaee cypoBbrM BbrcoKoropHbrM
K^I{MaroM.3ro z noc^ynlu^o noBo.4,oM À^r ûepeHeceHanpa6or r,rgIIIn6e s FIa-
3brpbrK.Bur6op oxasaÀcq yÀ,aqHbrM.
flaeuprrx ue6o,tnruascyxan aox6nna À,peBHeroÀeÀHHKoBoro npouc-
tiolKÀeHHfl, ycrbeM cBor.rMorKpbrBarcrgaflcfl.ts.4,o^r,rHyp. .fln'vaarau (Bocroq-
nrrfi Aarafi, e 80 xu x [O[OB or Te,regxoro o:.). 34ecr, Ha Bbrcore 1600 u
Ha y. M.' Haxo4l{^ocb lr.grb 60rrrrugx KaMeHHbIxKypraHoB, pacno^o}KeHHbtx
rlenovxofi no ÀaHrrr,rc [O na C. Pacxonas caurrfi 6oaruofi t,t3 HHx. 3aurrMôts-
urufi geurpaÀbHoe noÀorr{egr{eB genoqKe. Hacunn cro npeÀ,craBasaa co6ofi
orpoMHylo Kyqy KaMlIs' oTHocaTeÀbHoHeBblcoKyrcc noÀorI'IMHcKÀoHaMLI, ÀI4a-
MerpoM y 47 v, surcorofi 2.2 m. Ha coopylreHr.re ee ynorpe6rreHo oKo^o
1800 ry6. M KaMHr. Taxos coBpeMenHbrfi snl, KypraHa. fleproHauaabuo xe
os 6ara nHbrM.Kax'noxaca^H pacronKlr, BoKpyr Morr.r^br6urr sorr\orren r4g Kpyn-
nnrx xaruueË 6aprep srrcorofi HecKo,lbKo 6oaee 40 cu. OropoxeuHoe raKHM
o6paronrrnpocrpaHcrgo B Br.rÀeKpyra À,r{aMerpoMe 34 u 6nrao aaea^eHo sareM
l3
.:æ-=:-;â
Tab
nAC[!r
'éS-t"
Psc. 1 . f l l a s H p a 3 p e 3K v p r a a a .
t4
cÂe^aHbl Becblla 1'rgaTe^bHo fl3 r^aAKo oTecaulr{brx ll r1ÂoI'no np[flralrlrblx l,pyl'
K Àpyry nÀax H 6peeeu, Ho Bce creHbl 6bI^It pasHblx pa3Mepots, ll cpy6 nMe^
qe'rblpeyro^Lrnnxa, Cpy6 npocropHufi, uo
Qoprtry I{enpaBI{Àbnoro, KocoyroÀbHofo
truaxnfi. BuyrpeHuaa IrÀolga,q,bcro 16 KB. M, Bblcora - 1.4 tr.
flororrox cpy6a noxpblT cBepxy roHKll:it c:roenI cte6.,refi nypuancKoro qat
(xycrapnun Hs celaeficrga posogBeruutx), sareu B lrecKo^bno crroes 6or\ruHlvrtl
Àr.rcraMu 6epecrrt, ontrb c^oeM cr:e6,trefi KypuÀbcKoro ..l'a* v, HaKoHeg, B He'
cKo^bxo prÀ,oB ÀHcrBeHHI{qHofi xopofi. flepnoHaua,,rbuo oro ltroroc,tofisoe no-
Kpbrrl{e 6urro toaIguHofi oKo^o tloiyMerpa, co BpeMeHeM }I{e ono cnpeccoBa^ocb
!f flpeBparn^ocb crrofi ro"trlgnnofi s 7-10
B nrorsrtfi cÀa.
IIo 6onartr cpy6a, B.q,o^bero À,^HHHbIx (romHofi u cenepuofi) cropoH, crosÀo
rro rpn roÀcrbrx croa6a c xerro6oo6paaublMu etrpy6xaua Ha BepxHI'Ix KoHgax'
a tra HHx yÀoll{enbl TpI{ TaKI,Ie ?I{e ro^crble 6arrnu. floaepx etnx 6a^oK Morn^a
6trvra Ba^oâtega 6peeuawlu. Ea.tru, noKotlgnect Ha crol6ax, gorrxnrl 6rtrru
npeÀ,oxpaurItr cpy6 or ÀaB^eHI{a ,rexaIgefi HaA HHM ToÀIgI4 6peeeu, aeMÀH
r.r KaMH.s (ra6.r'.. II, /).
Ceeepnaa qacrb Morl{^nuofi suu ocraBa^acb He saHstofi cpy6orra. 3.4,ecn
6u.la norpe6enur nonn. OHr,r 6u,ru y^o)KeHbI nptMo Ha .4Ho tMbI, noKpblToe
^llrub ToHKLTMc^oeM Me^KI{x rausefi. Cnepxy oHIr noKpbITbI To^cTbIM cÀoeM
lrepeMelralorgnxct n^acros cte6,\eft Kypu^bcKoro vaa, 6epectbl H ÀûcrBeHHHq-
uofi nopor.
Brrnre cpy6a n Àouag,efi MorI4^bHa .nua 6urra saÀoï{eHa no BceË cBoefi
IueCTHMeTpOeuIltU6peeuaMn, 3ano^HgBIIIIlMll .fMy' SOBH-
n^orgaë,r4 .4,^L1HHbIMH,
À,r.tMoMy,,q,ocaMoro Bepxa, Ha a{ro ynorpe6^eHo cBbIIue 300 6peeen (ra6,'r. I, 2).
ceepxy Morr,r^a 6rr.,ra :acotnaHa BblHyroït ve gw1 npll ee pblTbe 3eM^eË, o6pa-
soeaeurefi He6oauruofi xo^M, H y2fie 3areM HaÀ, Mor1l^ofi coopyxena KaMeHHat
Hacbrrrb. flo4 raxecrblo geM^I{ H KaMHt sano^Hegne MorLIÀbI co BpeMeHeM
yn^oTg6^ocb, I4 geM^t, HacblnaHgaâ Ha.q, uorurrofi, onyc1gÀacb B Morl'r^bgyto
flMy Ha r^y6uHy ao 0.7-1A M.
Morgrra ycrpoeHa rax ray6ono, TaK npoqHo H KperrKo yKpbITa' BepoSTHo'
.4^t ToIO, qro6rr npegoxpaHl4Tb ee oT pacxflIgeHa.s LI ocKBepHeHLIfl3^OyMbIIII^9H-
HuKaMH. Ho norpe6eHHble B MorH^e c yMeplullM geHHocrlr 6uarE, eugIEuo,
TaK Be^rIKH, rrro HI4 lpyÀHocrn pa6ot no npopblTl&o u npopy6annrc xo.4a
B Morlr^y, HH ollacHocru aToro npe4nprr.flrlrff He ocraHoBu^H HcKarerrefi 6orarcrs.
Bcnope ï{e noc^e coopy}nenllfl, 6btrr Moixer B Tor tfie roÀ,, MorI'I^a 6bl^a
orpa6^eHa.
Xopouro sHaKoMbIe c ycrpoËctaoM MorIr^bI IT c pacno^olKeHueM norpe6en'
lubrx B HeË npeg,Meron, rpa6ure^n BbIpbI^I.t IIo cpeg,I'IHeKypraHa ruupoxzË noao-
/Ieg, Ko^o.4geM ,Ke upopy6zrru B sano^HÂIolglrx Morn^y 6peauax BeprHKa^bH5Ifi
xo.q,,paaMepavrer2.6X1.2 u, noutu roqHo Ha.4 cpe4I'ruoË cpy6a..f,octnrHye no-
ro^Ka cpy6a, oHH rpopy6w^w s HetuHe6oabluoe Kpyr^oe orBepcrne (ra6rr. III, /),
ÀocraroqHoe ^1arubA^fl roro, q16Sp11rpoÀe3rb B Hero (40X60 crtr).flponanuyu,
t5
3 ti't
t6
t
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0 JÈ1
2 M. il, rp""noq t7
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Ten^ofi
TeM 6brÀ c^yqafi, Korg,a B MorH^y saTeKÀO Cpasy 6o^bllloe Ko^HqecTBO
Ha .4He KaMepbI roÀcrblfi c^ofi
Bo.4,br,Koropas He cPasy 3aMep3Àa. Àexasrllltft
BMeCTe
ÀbÀa Bcn^br^ Tong,a rraBepx, nogHflBrrrHcb na 5 crra HaA, no^oM, BCnÀbI^
c BMepsulnMH B Hero pas6pocaHHbrMr,r Ha no.,ry o6py6xauu 6peaeH' tgenKaMI'I'
KaMHrMr,r H ocTaB^eHHbrMlr rpa6r'rTe^flMn HSKOTOpbIM!1npeÀ,MeTaMIt' BMeCTe
c orpoMgofi .q,epeBtgHofi KoÀogofi. B .4aaruefilreu rpadl4reÀbcxrafi xo4 saea'
Jtr4itcfl, Ha noBepxHocTI,I KypIaHa ocTaÀacb ]\lllub IIIUpOKat n^ocKaq BnaÀ'fiHa
Te^bHyro qacTb 3!:MbI I{^II BCIO sarMly tr Ha eToT pa3 cH^bHo npoMepsÀa It He
20
rl-
21
irl
F
Or n nbIIIIHoro B cBoe BpeMt y6paHcraa norpe6aalnofr nainepot
ôoratoro
ùcra^ocb or{egb geMgoro. Ha no^y coxpaul4^Llcb KycKH Bofi^oKa, KoropblMt'I
reMHoKopnqHe-
_(
6otirn caserueHbl crenbl. 3to 6u,ta ruspoKa no^oca ro^croro
Boro Bofi^oKa c ysopHofi xafirtaofi HaBepxy, cIlIHroË I{3 ToHKoro' KaK QeTP'
pasHogBerHoro BofiÀoKa (ta6rr. V, /). Ha 6eaon'r (poHe noMelgeHbt rrePe.q,yrc-
rgaecs Kpacgbre vt cv,.r.ue Hso6palKennt ro^oBbl TI'Irpa B npoQlt^b' a rto KpatM
KafiMbI opHaMeHT Hs qepe.4ylolgnxct rpynn 6e^blx, Kpacgblx' c1IHHx H xeÀTblx
Tpeyro^bHlrtKos. Bofi^ox 6u.rr npr$ur K c1ege r4epeBtHHbIMlI E MeAHbIMU rBos-
qacto nx
F,fl.MH.[epeBsHHble rBo3AH - 9ro npocrble, saocrpeHHble ^yqI'IHKE.
octa^acb B cTene, qacTb 6blÀa BbIpBaHa rpa6vTe^qMl,r BMecTe c Bofi^oKoM I,t Ha-
xoÀa^açb Ha ng^y. rBo3A,Ii npe,4cTaB^tÀW co1oil' MaccHBHbIe cTepxrHII
Megnrre
A^HHofi oKo^o 10 cM., c tuupoKot'I Kpyr^oË u^tl1Kofi. Me,q,u npe.q,craB^ff^a geg-
HOCTb .4,^r fpa$HTeÀefi, 14 oqvr He ocraBllÀIt 6es eHu[4aHyA HH Ol4,HOrOrBg3gt'
Llacrr rBos.4efi 1lM ygaÀocb Bbrg,epgyTb geÀLIKoM, rI B cTege B gT11xMecTax ocTa-
-ii,
^HCb ^Illub oTBepCTLIt, oKpytreHHble Me.q,HOË3e^eHblg, Ho HeKqTopbte rBogAH
.q,epïçaÀr.lcbTaK KpenKo, qTo rpa6I'ITeÀH cMor^n To^bKo oT^oMHTb HX BepxHrorc
qacTb co ru^tnKofi, cTeplnHl4 21çe ocTaÀI{cb B cTege. Bce arg ge^ble rBo3llll
u lrr^tnKu oT ocraBllrnxcff B creHe rpa6I'ITe^H 3a6pa^E c co6oË, Ho c^yqafiHo
oÀHy ru^rnKy rroTeptÀI,I Ha6epxy. Mu Haul^n ee B caMoM Haqa^e pacKonor ,
B KaMeHHofi HacbInH. OHa toqHo no,q,o1g^a B Hs^oMe K oÀHoMy H3 BbIHyTblx
HaMr.r r.r3 cleHbr crePàrHefi (ta6,t. lv, 4).
Kporrre ocfaTnoB HacTeuHoro Bofi^oKa, Ha no^y coxpaug^ocb elge HecKo^bKc)
'fpr Ko^bga, cuHTbIe H3 rogKoro gBeTgoro aofi-
npe4MeroB, VIs uux l,tHrepecgbl
^oKa, TptI TaKr4x r{e Ko^bga, cBHTbIx H3 TpaBbl, E KO?fiaHbIey3e^KH' KO Oga
rlMeroT BrlÀ Ka^aquKoB gnaMerpoM oKoÀo 15 crtl. Kar renepr BbItcHI'I^ocb IIpH
pac6onKax BToPoro KyPraHa, 9HI'I c^yÈrg^n noa,craBKaMI'I A^t Heycrofiql'IBblx
cocyr4oB co ctpepaqecKl4M g,HoM, floasocrurc coxpagsBlugficn yseaon npeÀcraB-
^t^ Co6ofi ^ocKyTOK Kolltn C aaBepHyTbIM B HerO nyqKOM Bo^OC, BOsMO?I{Ho
qe^oBeqecKllx, SaBtSaHHbIfi TOHKI,TMpeMeLUKOM.Hagga'{egne gpyrl'rx npe.4,MeToB
HetcHo. 3to 6uar.r 3 yzxux peMeluKa, o6pbIBKH Ko?t{H I't lllepcrtHoro IuHyPa'
Me^KHe KyCOqKI4 ^IICIOBOrO 3O^OTa, O6^OMKI'i .4,epeBtHHblx naÀor{eK' c.t e4yet
oTMeTLrTb erge ^e?KaBIIIve B aHaToMI{qecKoM noptÀKe xBocToBble nogBouKn 6a-
paHa. 3To, oqeBEÀHo, ocrarKll no^ox(eHHoro B MorH^y Kyp.q,IoKa 6apana.
Eoaee unrepecHble Belga o6uapyï{e'bl B Kyr{e 3eM^I{ n KaMH'fi, HaBa^rrrB-
rxlrxc.fl B rpa6llre^bcKnfi xog,. flocrre yxo4a rpa6HTe^eË Ha HacbIrIE KypraHa
ocTaÀHcb 6porueuHlte HMH [o^oMaHHbIe npeÂMerbr, c KoTopblx oHH cogpa^Ll
geHubre yrpaureHlls r,r9 3o^o1a E O^OBa. HenOrOpOIe I{3 ATI'IX npe.4,MeTOBCBa^ll-
^Hcb o6parHo B MotHÀy BMecre c KaMH'MH H 3eM^efi. B nyue 3eM^It no4 rpa-
6srearcnurvr xo4,oM oKa:a^acb gepeB.flHna.aHolKKa cro^HKa c peÀbeQHbIMH yKpa-
yKpaIxeHLItM, BbITOqeHHbIMHa CTaHKe(ta6rr. lv,7).
rrreHHffMH,nO.4,Pa2r{a}OrgAMI{
Onpyraue pe6pa HoIKKH oK^eeHbI, KaK n KoÀo4a, Kolt{ugefi uoao4otx 6epeaox,
a ocrpbre, noBHAlIMoMy, 6rtan IroKpbITbI 3o^oroM, Koropoe cHtro fpa6ETe^flM[],
22
Tau xe 6rraa À,rrus'ar rÀaÀKo BbrcrporaHHafi
na^or{Ka, 4auHolï e 102 cu., w ë,e-
peBrHHar noi4yrxKa (ra6,t. IV, B).
3aMe'areao'a HaxogKa Bgecb ?r(e pyKotrKlrr 6poneonoro Ke^bra
(ra6a' lv, l, 2). orua câ,e^a'a Hs cyKa e^n c
np'^erarorgefi K HeMy qacrbro
crBo^a' Ha nrranoo6paS'o gatecanHrrË
Ko'eg Koroporo Haca2r{r.rBa^cq6ponao-
sorfi Kearr co nryaxofi nprMoyro^b'oro
cerre'Hs. 3ro 6rr,r pa60vn îr uucrpy-
MeHr 6es xanax-rrz6o yxpaureHr.rfi. Tana,
r4e pyKoar*y a,ep?Ka^a pyxa pa6or:ae_
.'ero' noBepxHocrb ee Salo^EpoBa^acb,
^ocH'Tc.fl. Tonop e pa6ore c^oMaic, _
nepeÀoMr'I^acb pyKO.rITKaB TOM Mecle,
rge Ha uee 6ura HacaïteH Ke^br, r4 B TOr'
HA''PABAEHHH,B KOTOPOMI,IHCTPYMEHT
IICIIbITbIBAA 'AA6O T,,,EC
ÀABAEHI{CNPH
pa6ore (a nanpae,,re*'n cBaE.*
HanepeÀ, KaK aro BrÀ,Ho no xapaKrepy paspbrBa
BOÀOKOHgpeBecl{Hbr, a He B 60xoso^{
HanpaB^e'Hr{, qro HMe^o 6rr rrrecro npn
uauepeuHofi [o^oMKe pyKosrK'
E,.fl cHfl'rvfr c nee 6ponsoBoro neanra). Tan
KaK oror ronop 6rr",r npocrbrM pa60vnru
aHcrpyMeHToM, c^oMa' B flpogecce pa-
60trr, a ero pyKorrKa oporueua Ha
Kparc pacKorïa rpa6nteaefi, o.rKy4a o'a Bno-
cÀer4crBlll. cBa^Itiacb B MorlÀy' ero
c^eÀyer cqararb npr.r'a.4^eà{argair,r rpa6n-
Te^.flM,a ue norpe6eunoMy B Morn^e
H He crpolrre^rM KypraHa.
Haroueg, erge .ÀHHM cBa^aBrrrrMc.a e
rpa6rtearcrofi xo. npe.qMerou 6rrao
fopÀbrurK. 60anruoro .^HHTHOTO
KyBrrrHHa, ynaBruee Ha noro^oK cpy6a ua gHe
rpa6are'rrcxoro Ko^o,4ga. BoeÀaox'o, qro r.r eror npocrofi
rauua'ufr cocy4
c raagxofi aorgenofi noBepxHocrbro
Mor HMerb ua ce6e xarne-uuoygb yKpaue-
Hl4fl vt' ge'Hbrx Marepua^oB H noeroMy
6rra ncsaeqeH rpa6nrearM' HaBepx.
Kax un Ma^or{Hc^e'Hbr r{ Hr{ (pparMe'TapHbr
yge^eBrrrae or rpa'r.rreaefr
[pe4Merbl as norpe6aat,uofi KaMepbr,
o'r! Bce z*e flo3Bo^rror HaM COCTaBHTb
ce6e aexoropoe npeÀ,cra'^eHrie o 6orarc*e
rî nbrrrr'oc* nor.pe6enua. flpoctop-
Hat RaMepa' n^orgaÀbro e 16 xe. M,
6brÀa, oqeBlrÀH., 60rato y6paua r.r Hano^HeHa
pas^HtIHbIMIt nperqMeraMw' yKpa[reH'brMr.r
3o^o?oM, o^oBoM n npyrfl^n ge'Hbrlr'
Marepna^aMU. 3Àecn 6rra croaax,
M'oro nocy.4br (ne naeuee ruecrr.I crcyÀ,oe),
c xyuaHbtMl{ n npoÀyKTaMl't' KaKoe-'i'o
coopy?KeHne r,rs roHKHx na^oqeK Bbrco-
ro'o 60'lnrue Merpa n' orreBH.4,HO'
MHO.' Apyrax paonoo6parHbrx npeÀ,Mero'.
B noauofi HenpprKocHoBeH'ocrn u npeKpacHofi
coxpauuocrrr gorr'Àa go Hac
ceBepHat qacrb M'ru^br, r'Ae norpe6eurrr
6rraa xona. Bce, vro 34ecb HaXOÀtr_
aoco, 6t'rÀo cKoBaHO rr^orHbrM ^baoM,
H MHoro rpyÆa H TepnêHa' na40 6rrao
ynorpeduro Ha ro, qro6rr ocro60gurn
oro ÀbÀ,a H H3B^eqb u3 MorrrÀbr ^efi(aB-
Irrp'e raM TecHo oÀIlH Ha
.4pyroM' nepen^erarolgfiecff gpyr c gpyroM MHoroqac-
ÀeHHbIe c^olt{Hble npeAMerbr, cocro.flrgHe
raxÀrrË H3 MHorrrx org,e^bHbrx qacreË.
flarnaâga* gneË ynopuofi pa6or' nor:pe.oeaaocb Ha paa'opxy arofr ,racr,a
Morn^br, saHnMarcrgeË urrorga4r Bcero
^Hrub e 1 1 xe. Àa.
llorpe6enHrre sÀecb KoHtr ^ Irx cHap.f,2fierr'e
BrrepBbre B r'crop'a apxeo^o-
rHqecKHX pacKonoK oKa3a^ucb s noaHofi
coxpaHHOCTH.He nocrlr ^orxaÂr.I n or-
ff1,""T'.iixi:iïi;J^i,il::1îî.",Hîî:,Jjî:i,"îili-1";""*"il1
23
cnaptï{e-
T a T K a MnPeÀMerbt
i t t o x e f i , M y c K y ^ a T y p o f i n e r r y r p e H H o c T ' M l t l { . 4 a x ( e cI{o cg'pyrue nHeneperiapeH,
ge^ble ceg'^a' v'o**" KoTo'
nofi nurglt B KHueqHIlKe' Bn^orlt '{'o HllroK'
Bo ti"* o"tun"x qepe3 '4'Be
HItf, BepxoBofo KoHff' "o*pu"""t"ecfl LI3 Motu^br
ceA'^a' oo'n" tu"""qeHbl
pblMu cluuro' oto"no"-o];;;t"
: "^" j:i;î" ^î I{^bIn^orHbIM
1"#i acrb Mor
c^oeM
Tîî ;,"iïJ' :i:ïïii
ÀPYr Ha BPYra'
oglr' Kâ3â-
B o"tnopoon" 'ooton4acu
ono.,ro50 cM ro^Igl{Hofi' B pasublx noÀox{eHnqxB saBl{cr-
cBepxy--1^::;;t
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ii
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P n c. 10. Koar s y6opo N 5 (pexoncrpyrgrr).
30
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ilr
BIrLe, saHI,IMaer Bcro HocoBylo qacrb MacKI4- BBepxy ro^oBa, noKaSaHHag B npo'
çfl^b n uepe.q,Hve Àaflbl, noMe4galolg?Iecfl HaÀ, r^a3aMl4 KoH8, BHIlsy 3a4HËe
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u o^oBoM' HarpyÀ'nux ce,4^a E ysgeqnbre peMHHr.rMerorHa
flepeKpecrbrx 4epe.
B.flHnbre6trsxu c aso6paxeunenr Mapa^a (culzpcxuir noÆBH!,6.taropo.4,soro
oaeu.s), Bbrno^HeHHOedaperroeQno ry^oBnrge Koroporo
lroBTopeHo4BAï{g,brr Ji;
a floBepHyra.rrHasaÀ ro^oBa rrcno^HeHanpyr,tofi cnyrrrrirypofi
r.r cna6xeHa srr-
pesaHHbIMHr.rs Kolr(E pofaMu 14 yrrraMa (ra6a. XlV,
2, 3). yluolpi.xreurn,
IoKpbrrbr no BceË noBepxHocrr,rBo^oroM. B npomexyrKax MelKcq,y
raxuug 6,rr, l
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P nc, 71, Ygga Ns 10 (pexoucrpyxgar).
39
BepxHocln pora o6raHyrrr ronroË, BeporrHo, rpacnofi Kolnefi c Qr,rrypnrruû
npopes.gMlr, noKpbrrbrMH ^r4croBbrM o^oBoM, a B ÀByx Mecrax - 3oÀoroM. Tanofi
x{e rexHr,IKofi errno,\ÊreH 14 opHaMeHT Ha rgerrHbrx no^ocrtx MacKLt. HarpneHun
no4o6eu [epBoMy, onHcaHHoMy Bblrue, ToÀbKo aeo6paxeHnr qeryxoB Hacro^bKo
crITÀHSOBaIrbr, qro, He sHas roo6paxeHnË nepeoro HarprrBHnKa, Tpy.4,Ho
6uao 6r,r ltx ysnarb (ra6,r. XVII,3). fpnea eroro KoHs BaKpen^eHa oÀ,HrlM
KycKoM eofiaona, c^o)KeHHbrM rroflo^aM no .4^r{He. t{exoa Ha xBocr no
eopMe
no4o6en nepBoMy, Ho yKparrren Àpyrr{M ygopoM. CeÀ,,to c roKpbrrrrKofi rpacnoro
gBeTa yKpalueno uso6paxeHlltMH TI,Irpa, BbrpesaHHbrMr.rr.r3 Kolt{tl n rroKpbrrblMfi
o^oBoM (pwc,33,3), n ceucarcrgr.rMuno 6oran orpoMnbrMn, 6orree rvrerpa 4aa-
uofi, aao6pall{eHllrMll Tlrrpa tre c poraMl4 aHTnÀorrbr, À^HHHbTMHyruaMrr vr Bbt-
corofi rpunoË, crul4rorr.fii r.r3 KpacHoro sofiaoxa (ra6a. XXII). lreratn r{so6pa-
x{eHl,rq noKasaHbl HarrrHTbrMIt KycoqKaMr.I tonxofi, noxpurofi o^oBoM, Ko}Kr.r.
fpuna cg,e^ana Hs Kpacnoro KoHcKoro BoÀoca. flepexpecrnn peuHefi Harpyg-
HLIKa H ysÀ,br yKparrjeHbr g,epeB"rrHHblME
d/.nxarvw, aeo6paxarcrgr.rMH ro^oBy rop-
uoro 6apaua c poraMn, BbrpesaHHbrMnns Kolr{lr (ra6a. XXI, 4). Ha narpy4-
HI{Ke MerKÀ,y 9THMH 6rr.gxaua noMergeHbr erge 6rraxn c nao6paxeHH€M foÀoBbl
ropHoro 6apana B nacra xl,trgHvKa, TaKHMT{ }rçe, KaK Ha y3Àe npeg,brgylgero
xon.t. flcaauù yzp,br fionpblTbr ^lrcroBblMso^oroM, ToÀbKo Ha nca^Htx H Ha
6a.sxax neperpecrnfi MopÀbr 6apaHa noKpbrrbr o^oBoM, a r^asa H Bcfl ocra^b-
Haa qacrb aao6paxeuur - so^oronn, K erolry ua6opy orHocurcq r,r uarreHrr<aii
6nq c o6r,ssyrofi ronxofi xoxefi pynoarxofi.
Gpeax flpea,MeroB, norpe6euurrx B Mor'^e BMecre c KorrtMH, Haxo.ql,tÀLlcb
erge g,Ba, npr.rHa.q,^e?KHocTb KoTopbrx K onpeÀeÀeHHoMy KOM[^eKry CHapg]r(e-
srfi xong .u,ocroBepno He ycrauaBÀHBaerc.q -_ aro MexoBat eaara H ûrexosofi
2ile Har^yxo saillilrurfi Dleruor{eK H^l,r rlo.4yrue,{xa. cpr\sra ^e?Ka^a Me2KÀ,y cer4,-
tarru 3 n 4. Oua crrura B BH{,e uaocxofi lyru,.u (ra6a. XXIV). EoKoerre
n 3aÆHflA clopoHbl ee CIIJI4TbIHs y3Kax no^ocoK MeJa renapr4,a, cHflToro c ero
ÀaII' a ÀI{geBaff rr3 ySopHbrx pou6aroa, BbrKpoeHHbrx u3 cuHero r.r 2Ke^Toro
Mexa, npI4qeM QHrypKI4, BbIpeSaHHbre r{3 CHHHX pOnr6arcoe, BcraB^eHbI B ï{eÀ-
rrre pou6urn a nao6opor. flogyrueqKa Haxog,H^acb oKoÀo ce.q,aa Ns 4. Bepx-
H.st qacTb ee cÀeÀaHa H3 Mexa c ro^oBbl renapÀa' c KycoqKaMI{ TKaHLI, BCTâB-
^eHHbIMII B OTBepCTI,Lfir^a3, HltltlH.fl.g culllTa Il3 KycOqKOB KOII{E C BblrrIHTbIMI.I
ua nefi cnoco6onl aun^aKagun crz^HsoBaunoruu nao6pazle:awfl,MvrroÀoBbt ^ocr,
ga.4H.frgHg KycKa raa4xofi xoxu. 3ta noiq,yûreqKa, H^rr Meiuoqex, 6rraa Hano^-
HeHa I'r3Me^br{eHHbrMlrrracrsMu IIÀoÀoB H BerOqeK ÀHKopacryrgux pacteunfi.
'd)
II
KYÀbT:/PA NASbIPbTKCKOTOIIAEMEIII{
17
qaerct, r^aBHbIM o6paaolr,t, B ToM, qtodrr ycrauoBuTb cnaen HayuaeÀaux ggaeHËË
u o6'oncgurb lrx, To l,rcropllK-apxeo^or, Hao6opor, g,o^txen, rro^b3yr{cb gHaHLIeM
gaKoHoMepHoctefi csgceË rr,rexgy fipeg,MeraMlr vr flF.Jre:f'vrflMlr,BoccraHoBr.rrb lro
HeMHOllrM, I4Merorgr.rMcgB elo pacllop.rr2KeHl,Il4npe.4,MeTaM, XapaKTep ÂpyrH:(
HecoxpaHr,rBrrrnxcq npe.qMeroB, xapaKTep LrHTepecyrcrgnx ero asaeHr,rfi o6rge-
creeHHofi i{rasnr.r r-rcc.,regyenrofignoxu, BoccranoBlrrr o6qyrc Kaprr4ny KyÀb.r'ypbr
arofi enoxn. kleyuaa pasHoo6pasHbre ^ o6n.,uHue Marepva^br 6oraroro norpe-
6eHuq eo Bcex ris cBtgsx r,r o6ycrroarreguocrrj, !rc?KHo no^yr{r.rrb npeA,craB^eurle
He ro^bKo o 6rtte cognaar'Hofi Bepxyllrnr.r o6rgecrea Ha rrprrMepe norpe6enuorr-r
HO rr O TeX, qbvMt4 pyKaMn cos4aHo Bce Hôxofifr.
B MOrH^e ee npeg,cTaBlJTer'.fi.,
rgeect B MorIT^e - o6 ocnonHblx, TpygoBbrx c^ogx Hace^eHnr, o BceM [^eMeHtI
IJ ge^oM. Oco6ennoctv rexur,tKrz, xogsficrsa u 6atta Bcero n^eMenrr B ge^oM,
c^oà{IlBllrldxct
B HeM npolzsrogcrBenubrx oruorlreuuË rz o6rgectnennoro crpor,
ero cesseË c ÀpyrrrMlr 6rrneKr,IùrHrz g,a^eKnMr,rr^eMeHaMH, oco6ennocra *ruu-
leun A, MHpoBo33pel{u.r, pe^Hnl4osHbrx ûpe.4,craB^eHwit, uso6 p azu re^bHoro A cKyc-
crBa - Bce aro Haur^o cBoe orpa?Keuae B Haxo.qKax l-Iaerrpuncnoro KypraHa,
BCe TO MOIIçer 6nrtn soccraHoBÀeHO 6O.ree uau MeHee rro^Ho, c roË ztu wuof
creneHbro rorrHocrH r.r .q,ocroBepHocrl,r,Bor noqeMy npe.4,craB^.fiercfl HrrrepecHbrM
B HaCTOqIgeMOqepKe Ha npuMepe llaarrprrncnoro KypraHa noKasarb, KaK MHOro
MOXter g,arb A^t Idcropltzr 4peBHefo o6rgecrna BcecropoHHee HsyqeHr{e oa,Horo,
Kasa^ocb 6u orpaunueHHo, oÂ,HocropoHHe r.r .flKo6rl HcKa2KeHHOOTpazKarcrgero
4eficrnntearHylo à{Irsub naM.flTHHKa,KaK B oruocure^bno HeMuorr{x nergax 6ora-
roro norpe6eHHff npeÀcraBllreÀ.q naelressofi sHarlr Haru^r4 cBoe orpaà{eHl{e Bce
ocnoBubre oco6esnocrn 4eËcreurearuofi xagur.I Bcero nÀeMeHH B Ee^oM.
Her conrHesHs, qTo MHofIze ua6rrrcëeHr,ra, c4e^aHHbre TO^bKO nO MaTepr4A,
naru llaauprrrKcKoro KypraHa, erge He.q,ocraroqHbr .q^t oKoHr{are^bHoro yrBep-
xÀ,euu.fl Toro ItÀr.I Hnoro no^oï{envlfl, u rpe6yrcr
4,ono^Hr,ITe^nnrrx ua6.tro,4,eurafi
rlo MaTepr{a^aM À,pyrHx uaMtrTHr,IKOB.B page c^ytraeB cavrn ua6rrro Ee:fi]g.fiMor^r4
6urr, cge"rraHbr ro^bKo npr4 conocraB^e'Hr{ Maîepga^oB flaeurpuncxoro Kyp-
laua c Marepna^aMr.r Âpyrux Haxo.q,oK. Iloaronry rrpeÀ,craB^.fieMafl sÀecb Kap-
TprHa Ky^brypbl paHHITx KoqeBHuKoB Aarar, xor.fl I.t À,aerc.fi ÀHrxb B ToË Mepe,
g xarofi oHa ocBergaercg Mareplra^aMa flaarrpuxcnoro KypraHa, Ho MarepHa^br
eTIr paccMaTplrBa[oTct He I43o^HpoBaHHo or À,pyrHx HgBecTHbIx naM.fiTHaKoB,
a BcerÀa c no^HbIM IiX yr{eTOM, B COnOCTaB^eHHUC HITMI'I.
B liaaupuxcKoM Kypra'e, KaK y',r4rLr'- Har*e, norpe6en n,reueuuofi nox4rr,
a 6ovrourag qacrb conpoBo?KgarcIgnx ero eergeË noguecerra eMy or po.4op^agbrx
ero n^eMeHr{. floeronay BoccraHaB^r.IBaeMar HaMIi IIo HaxoÂKaM KypraHa Ky^b-
Typa xapaKTeptrsyer co6ofi npexge Bcero ro n.ÀeMs, Koropoe Mbr ycÀoBr.rMcâ
HaSbIBaTb naSblpbIKcKI.rM.
Flasrrprrxcnoe ''ÀeMr saHrirMaÀo, BepotrHo, To^bKo He6orroruyro qacrb
Arrtag. Hgsectqrre HaM naMtrHriKri nogBo^rror rrpeÀrro^atarb, rITo ocra^bl{bre
rlacrl4 ropHoro A"nraa u Tyea 6rrtaH gace,,reHbr
.q,pyrrrMu n^eMeHaMti, po.4,crBeH-
I
42
HbrMn no Ky^bType C nAgbIpbIKCKI{M U' 6rttr UoXeT' COCTaB^tBIIrnMn BMeCTe
c HgM oÀHo IIo^HTItqecKoe o6begI,IHeHHe. He.q,octatO'Igag elge uSyqeHgocTb
apxeoÀorgrrecKgx naMflTHItKoB lOxnoft Cu6uptt' He [o3Bo^ÂeT 6orree roquc)
KoqeBHn'
onpe.4,e^Hrb rpaHl{gbl pacce^eHas a^TaficKofr rpynnbl n^eMeH paHHHx
KoB. Moxino ^Klrrb oTMeTI,tTb, qTo Ha ceBepo-BocToKe ogu oTge^s^Hcb A6aKaH-
43
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Texnnna
44
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P u c. 18, Àqrofirl,rc (p(rpnr'I (pexorrcrpyr5uâ) .lÀfl rsos.'1'cii H yÂll^'
/-çopma,rt"\t rûo9ÀÂB ÀÀa rrcPoororloual 4-(l)olMa,'!r nltlP('r'1J
Partpcsc;2-ygnta;.î-qropma
sBCMi B Pa3PCse; ,l - rÛ '(C, lrllctr'tllitr Dû4t
3o.,roro B l(ypraue Hafigego ro^bKo ÀIlcroBoe' tr4u nonputo 6o^ee 170 paz-
ÀriqHbrx llpeg,MeroB LIB paBHbIx Mareprra^oB. 3o.,roTue ^HcrKIr HaKÀeIlBa^I'Icb
Ha .4,epeBoIr Ko?fiy. Ha eoiiaoK rrpHK^eltBaÀncb yrJtwnpnulÛBa^Hctr ÀllcTKI{ TOH-
Koii Kox{E c HaKÀeeHHbrMHa Hee ^lrcroBrrrM Bo^oroM. Texgnna nÀIolg€Hnfl 3o-
-\ora Ma^o coBepIIIeHHa. BU6Una,rracb ^HcTI(n B QopMe HenpaBlt^bHblx Kaa{4pa-
ron co cropoHaMll 9.5-11 cru, toargÉnoù 15-30 MHI(poHoB (coepeueHHoIe
3o"^oTo6LrTbI1o^yqaloT ÀHcTKH r 0. 1 uurcpoua). TorrglâHa B pasHblx Mecrax
45
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j
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11
jo.4HOrOH ToIo x{e ÀItCTKa lrapanpyeT B npe'
46
iF-
ÀeHHfl. Kax yxe IIoKaSaHo Bbrrue, naarrennxufi ,rernafi ronop rpe6oea,\ ocodalx
npHeMoB pa6orrr npn paspy6anun crBo^oe. Becr,N4a rpy4oevrnofi 6nr,ra pa6ora
H rro I.ISroTOBÀeHrrron^ax jl,^f
BHyTpeHHefo cpy6a. Kaxa,ag [^axa HsIoToB^fl-
Àacb lrs ge^oro 6penua nyreM orecbrBauu Hg.nuruHefi À,peBecnHbr c 6oKoe.
BogMoxuo, t{To cHaqa^a c rroMorgb}o .4,epeBflHubrxK^uHbeB orKa^brBa^n g,peBe-
cIIHy KpynHbrMl,r KycKaMrz, a 3aTeM yiKe TOnOpOl,r oKoHqaTe^bHo oTecbrBa^n
n^axy. HsroroeaeHrreM pas^Hr{Hbrx .4epeBrHHbrx npeÀ,MeroB BaHnMa^I{cb He
peMecÀeHHnKH, Bbrpa6arbrBaBuue npog,yKgnlo Ha rrrupoKr{â xpyr norpedràTe^efi,
a Macrepa, o6cayxneanurue cBoe co6creenHoe xocqùcrso HÀE 6^Hlfiafirullx
cBol{x copog,aqefi. IloaroMy oHH crapa^rTcb rr HMe^H BosMorr{Hocrb .4^t Ka?I(-
goro HBÀe^Ha no46vparb coorBercrByrorgyro qacrb À,epeBa c raKHM pacqeroM,
.Ito6rr ecrecrBeunar
QopMa .4,epeBanprr MHHHMaarsoË Barpare rpyÀ,a npeBpa-
Iga^acb B roroBoe lrsg,e^ne. Tar cÂe^aua pyKo.arb ronopa rpa6ate:r,eri
(ta6,t. lV,l), o6a rpvra, Bce K.Àr4rrbq[r Ko^b,q l.r gp. 3tr.rrr.rÀ,ocrrîra^acb, KpoMe
Toro, n npoquocrb tiaÀ,eaafi. Merrxue ntsl,etufl,, usroroB^tBrrr[ect cepw.rrMlr
(yg.4eqHnre 6taxw, [a^oqKv À,^r rgr4roB r.r Àp.), À,e^a^r{cb r4s pasge^eHuoro Ha
rlacrl,r îo^croro crBo^a. 1.n, 6t sx, HanpaMep, Kycon crBo^a g?IaMerpoM
HecKo^bKo 6orce 20-22 cru pacrarrbrBa^cr Ha Me^Kue 6aKlaurxa, r{s Koropbrx
rt Bbrpeoa^I{cb BareM 6l.sxu co cKy^bflrypubrMu a:o6paxenuarr,ru. Bu6op
ëpeBe-
cl'tHbr onpeÀ,e^.fl^cfi xapaKTepoM tlsroroB^.aeMbrx r,rs Hero r,rs4e^nfi. Bce .racra
Moru-(buoro coopyrKeHrrt L Kpynnbre npefl,Merbr, KaK spMo, ap6a, ^onara,
Kô^b.r r{ .4,p. cge^aHbr LrB ^ptcrBeHnrrgu, Vz eÀrT cgeÀanbr pyKoflTb roflopa !r
,q,epeBlaunbreÀ,ylnKLt À,eBrrrr ceÂ,e^. Bce peeuore +ilrypubre vtsLe^vfl. (6tsxu,
IIpOHLISKLI, 3aCTelKKA, a TaK?Ke HOà{Ka CTOÀ!IKa, na^OqKIl À^fl IgI4TOB,
no,4yruKa 14 Ep,\ .4,eÀaÀucbas Ke,4pa, ÀpeBecr.rHaKoroporo_ rB^Âercs o.4HHM r{B
^yqutux MarepllaÀoB 4,ta pesr6nr. I.lntepecuo orMerr.trb, qro npeg,Merbr Kpyr'-
^ble B ceqeHau (narrovnn, npoHH3Ku, r{erKoBsÀ,Hnre6aaurnu) Bblpesaubl HorKoM.
Taxxe H HorKKa cro^r,rKa (ra6a. lV, 7), rpopua noropoË BoclrpongBoÀKr
xapaKTepnbre oco6engocrr.r roqeuoro Ha crauKe vz&el.vfl., O.IeeuÀ,rro, nagbrpbrK-
cKoe nÀeM.g,He lrMeBrrleeroKapHoro craHr(a, 6ot,to :HanoMo c roqeHbIMI4Ha HeM
w3!,e^Hfl.MVr,UeHI,I^OLIX Vt WMtl,TI4pOBa^O.
ITlnpglçs I.tcflo^b3oBa^r{cb r.r Àpyrr4e pacrgTe^bgbre Marepua^br, npe?fiAc
Bcero, .4,peBecHaflKopa. Kan e flasuprmcroM, raK H B Àpyrux no4o6Hrrx ryp.
raHax, e 6oaruoN{ Ko^aqecrBe ynorpe6aeua Kopa ^ncrBeuungbr ra 6epecra g,^.fl
noKpbrrus noroÀKa norpe6arrruoË ranrepnr rr rpynoB ^otrraÀ,efi. Kopa ara 6rrlatr
saroroB^eHa Ba6^aroBpeMeHno 6o,trruriMH KycKaMu. flpr,r coopytKeHr.ru KypraHa
/{peBecHHa 6epelrr He Hcno^b3oBa^acb, a Ha floKpr,rrr.re MorvÀbr ynotpe6rreHa
6epecra, cHÂTa co MHorHx ,q,ecflTKoBcrBo^oB. Bu.4,nnro, 6epecra r{ ^r4crBeHunr{-
Haq Kopa 6rrrru 4la nasbrpbrncKoro nÀeMeHr,ro6uqnum KpoBe^bHbIM Marep[a.
^oM B ero crporzreannoË TexHr.rne. Coeeprueiruo HoBo À,ÀJr Hac ucno^bsoBauue
'raK?I{e B KarrecrBe KpoBe^bHoro Marepza^a cre6rrefi KypLrÀbcKoro qar (Poten'
tiila fruticosa I-.- *rear<sË KycrapglrK se ceMeficTea posogBernblx) B co'{e-
47
i.
t..
it
illÈ- -
I
6
TaHIII{ c 6cpecrofi I{ ÀHcrBeHnaunofi nopofi. Tan me HoBbrM, rre lr3BccrnbrM }rr'l
y oÀHoro [I3 coBpeMeHHbIx Hapor'toB, .sB^.flercfl Hcno^bgoBaHlae B KaqecrBe o6ÀH-
goBoqnoro Marepr{a^a ÀÀtr À,epeBsHnbrx zs4eaufi ToHKofi Ko}r{rrgbr Mo^oÀ,brx
6epeaon. Ha 8-10-,terHux 6epeeKax c yqacrKa MoÀoÀoro crBo^a rpex^erHero
Bolpacra cpeSa^acb no cnupa^H ysKar noÀocna 6,recrtrgefi xcearo-xopnuuenofi
Koxrugbr. Tanvnra no^ocKaMu no 2-4 cna urupnuofi u 30-45 cu gauHofi 6rrrra
oKÀeena Bc Hapy?ItHar noBepxnocrb Ko^o.4br, Ha qro nona4o6nrrocb orbrcKarb
oxo,to 500 6epeson noÀ,xoÀ,fllgero Bospacra rî KarrecrBa. Taxofi ?re Koàrnuefi
oKÀeeHbr oKpyrÀÉ,re pe6pa ra HoàrKe cro,\HKa (ra6rr. lV, 7).
HI,r oÀ,I.tB elge r4g uccÀe.4oBannbrx paHee gpeBHHx naMrrur{KoB He .4,aBa^
TaKoro o6H.trgoro n paaHoo6pagHoro MarepHa^a no Hcno^b3oBaHr{ro a rexHI,IKe
o6pa6ornn Marepga^oB ?KktBorHoro nponcxolr.4eurza, xarofi no^yrreH pacKo[KaMg
fïaaupuxcnoro KypraHa. O6rscHrrercx DTo He ro^bKo npexpacnofi coxrraH-
HOCTbIOKO?fiaHbrX,MeXOBbIX,UepcTsl{brx r{ À,pyrEx npe4MeToB, Ho H TeM, rrTo
B naSbtpblKcKoM [^eMeHLr, C ero cnegllaÀr{3r{poBarrHblM cKoToBo.4qecrr,rnaxoegË-
CTROM, qpesBbrqaËHo ruapoKo n noÀHo ncno.^b3oBa^I,Icb Bce npoÀyKTbl cKoTo-
i.
BoÀ,crBa !r oxorbr. To, qro y BeM^e.4,e^bt{ecKr.rx
I
nÀeMeH ll3roroBÀs^ocb HB pa3-
^nqHblx pacTltTe^bHbrx MaTepHaÀoB, KoIIeBHIiKII-CKOTOBOT4bI geÀaÀU U3 KO}KI4,
Mexa, Bo^oca, ruepcrn, cyxoxnaufi.
Konra pasnblx BI{ÀoB .z[oMaIIIHHxrr lrw,<wx?KHBorHbIx, pa3^urrublMu cnoco-
6avw o6pa6oranHa.fl, rrpuMetr.fi.\acb À^s caMbrx paeaoo6pasHbrx H3Àe^ufi. Torrrxo i
t:
IIo Haxo4KaM o,4Horo fÏaarrrpuncnoro
cnoco6os l,rcno^bgoBanllr
KypraHa
Kolnrl. I4s Koxn
MorI{Ho Ba.qerb 16 pasauvnrrx
E3roroBÀr^I{cb pag^r.rrrHbre peMHrr,
I-rJIrÀIlCbMtIKHe npegMeTbr, KaK no/{yrxKr4 ceÀ,e^, r,r BbrBopoTHbrM ruBoM TBep.4bIe
(pnrypnr,re npe.4Merbr, KaK pora Macxn (ra6.n. XXIII).
1{
I4c ror\croË KoIKH Bbrpe-
3a^Hcb xy.4,olxecrBeuHue 6apeare(ruue yKparrreHrir, H3 HecKoÀbK[x cÀoeB To^'
croË xoxrz peaa^rrcl' QI,IFypKa, Bbrno,\HeHHbrenpyrrrofi cKyÀbflrypoft (ta6,r. IV,6
n XII, 2, j). TouxHe gBerHbre Ko?rlr4yrrorpe6as.rncr, Àrra o6rrugoBKrî geoeBfiH-
Hbrx npe.4MeroB, a raKrre M.srKnx KoxiaHbrx lr sofi,\.oquux ne4erruË. He Koà{rr
paeuofi oKpacKli rrlu^Hcb pa3nbrMn cnoco6aun xyAo?fecrBeHHbre y3opHbre rr Hso-
6pasurerrnHue anrr^HKaguw. Vïz ysKrirx roHKrrx peN{errrKoBH3roroB^s^acn 6axponaa,
peMeIrrKaMIr cllrwBa^ucb KpynHbre npe/mern. Hecounenno, trro B 6rrry naarr-
pblncKoro il^eMeull Ko?Ka aMe^a 6oaee urrpoKoe n pa3Hoo6pasuoe npnùreueHne,
qeM ero ua6.rrroÀaerct IIo MarepHa^aM, r^aBHbrM o6paeov, 10 naaupuncrux
ceëe^. Koxa ,4o^xua 6rr,,ra rrrapoKo zcno,\baoBarbcs rrpn r{groroB^eunlr
ogerl{g,bl, nocy.4,t'I, pasauuuofi ÀovanrHeË yrBapr4 ri xocxficreeHHoro ràHBeHTaps.
Bego He Ha HgForoB^el-rr{r{ poroB ÀÀ,c MacKû 6rr,ra oceoeHa, Ha[prrMep, BecbMa
nbrcoKas rexHr{Ka lrruTbr Bbl;oporubrM rxBoM H3 ro.,rcrofi Koï{H Qnrypubrx npe.q,-
MeroB. O.resg.q.Ho,TaKLIMcnoco6ou ge^aÀr{cb paarravuofi eopMbr Ko}fianbre cocygbr.
Mex Hrte,t He Menee rrlr,rpoxoe n pasnoo6pa3Hoe [pItMeHeHLIe n 6rtry, no
npn li3rorotsÀeHur{ cHapr}KeHr.rr g"ra norpe6eHHbrx B flaarrpure ,rorua4efi ynot-
pe6Àea, ecrecrrenuo, B MenbrrreM Ko^HqecrBe, qeM Korr{a. O.q,gano n grq,ecb MbI
48
.t
I
lI ! - -
b I
I
i
I
i
I
oBerrbJtIr /Jpyrnx ?KuBorHbIxHcno^b3oBa^acb, r^aBHbtM o6paBoM, À,^fl r.r3roroB^e-
uu.s eori,\oxon. B o4HoM To^bKo flaeupuxcnoM KypraHe BcrpeqeHbr v3/.el.uÂ
u3 Bofi^oEa II.ÊTHocHoBHbrx coproB, npeÀcraBÀeHnux o6paagaMH He Me]ree, qeM
I
à oT copoKa pasHbrx KycKoB, Ba^flHbrx rr3 rxepcTH pa3Horo KaqecTBa. B paaHrtx
o6pa3gax Hcno,\b3oBaHarrlepc't'brpy6afl u roHKafl, coprr.rpoBaHnaflH Hecoprrrpo-
i-raHuat, 6etan, KopuqHeBafl, qepHar lr pa3nbrx 4pyrrlx orTeHKoB. Mnorne soii-
ÀoKa cgeJ\aHbr u3 6e,rofi urepc'r"a, oxparxeHnoii B cvtuui,r, xpacHnrfi r.r rKe^Tbtri
gBera. B flaelrprrre Her rpy6r,rx ro.\crbtx eofi,\oroe rrrna KonrMbr coBpeMeHHbr{
KoqeBbrx HapoÀoB. f,axe g,ra norHuKoB ceÀeÀ yrlorpe6^eHbr Bofi^oKu He ro^rge
Eor.rIrrafl rracrb vs1euvîr r.rsroroBÀeHa lrs roHKoro Borï^oKa, To^rguuofi
7 rrarr,r.
n 2-3 MM, MaÀo qeM or^r{qarorgeroc.s or (perpa Harrrnx ru^qn u He]rsBecrnoro
B [paKTvKe coBpeMeuubrx crerrrbrx KorreBHHKoB.flpnnreuenue Bofi^oKa B xo3rfi-
c'rBe I4 6rriry naeupbrKcKoro u^eMeHn 6nr,ro, en4r.rMo, urrpe H pasHoo6pa3Hee,
qeM y KoqeBHHKoBHOBO!:O BpeMeFrK,3aMeHflBrXr{Xero nOÀyqaeMbIMLIB À,OCTaTOqHOM
Ko^I{qecrRe rKaHsMH xuraficnoro, cpe,4neâBuarcKoro u pyccKoro rrporrscogcrBa.
14: nrepcrn à{e BHÀHcb ruHypbr B 4Be HVTr,r,r:o,rrguuofi s 3-7 MM. TaKue
rxHypbr ynorpe6:rx,rlrcn 4^fl crur,rBaHHr KpynHbrx ûpeÀ,MeToB u B KaqecTlte
ocuoBbr À,^r peMelrKon-rpofi.raron, Bncsrgux no 6onana ceÀe^, vt L^s KoxraHofi
6axpourr rro 6oKaM HeK.rropblx ce4e^. To,rc'rulr rxHypKoM, cBHTbrM s 4 :auru,
o6ne4en rro Bepr{HeMy Kpa}o nac'reHHrrË BofiÀoK norpe6a,rrHofi xauepr,r
(ra6a. V,lr.HaxoHeg, n o À n p y r a c e g . r a N l 8 c 4 e , l a H a H 3 n o ^ o ? f i e u H b r xB p r r Â
cururbrx BMecre 4 urnypoe. HeconHesso, B KoqeBoM 6ulry lrepcrâHbre rxnypbr
i{}'{eÀI.IIIJHpOKOenpLIMeHeHHe.
Eo.lee tosrar trtepcr.flIla flptlra - HI,rrKI,I,-
I{Me^a, BIr.4,HMo,orpaHuqeH-
rroe npuMeHeHne. {,oeoabno ro^crbre HrlrKH, Hnor{xa go 2 w À,naMerpoM, yno-
'rpe6aeuul B HecKo^bKHx c^yqa.flx
À^s cuIr{BaHfis aoË,\ona r{ no oÀHoNry pa3y
Àlr ciuuBaurrlt KorI{H It Kon{Ir c sofi,\oxoN4, ocnoBHat ?Ke Macca eoË^o.Igrrx u
Koà{aHbIx [pe.4,MeroB llll4Àacb He UlepcT.flHr]IMu,a ay*o*"noirorNrrr HI4TKaMn.Lllap-
crfl[rbrMH HLrrKaMlIB gByx cÀyq4s* o6ee4ennr KOHTypbreofi,\oqHnrx anIl^nKagvË:
ria cegae N9 2 raM6ypHbrM rxBoM, rra ceÀ,,te Ns 3 cBoeo6paaHbrM o6parurrrlr
ruroM. B nocaegueu c^yqae tiroB cÀeÀaH r(pyrrrrbrMHcreà{KaMH (15-20 rvrnr),r'o.l-
I
I croii npyvesofi uurKoË, nparreM HHTKa, Bbrxo4r Ha lrrgeeyrc rroBepxuocrb,
f,
I
I 4 M, n. fpru"oo ,{9
I
i
i
!i
I
I{azKA'blHpa3 nponycKa^acb r{epes l(oHeg npe.4,bl.4ylgero cTei'IçKa' qeM cosÀ,aBa-
Àocb Bneqar^eHHe, q1'O 3TO He UlOB, a CBO604,HOHaÀO?r{eHHbri? HenpepbrBHbr["r
ToHKHii IuHypo(. Erge 6orree roHKaE nprrlna lponsBo4rd^acb g,^fl rl3reroB,1eg]1a
rrrepcrtFlbrx rKaHefi. B fla:i'tprrrxcKoM KypraHe TKaHLI BCTperJeHbrHa [I.srl.r llpeA-
Merax Ma^eHbKHMri KycoqKaMu. o6gee Ko,\arrecrBo rKaHrr Mer{bule 0.2 r(8. r{.
flxrr npe4rvreroB 4a^ra nnro '6pa:goB rKaHE, rro oArromy Ha Ka?,,À,oMnpe,4Mere.
B geyx c^yqa:tx _* aro rKaHb rllra no,\orHa pa:uofi r1orHoc1.n, B Tpex - Tr4na
caplKl{, II^O1']ia.âc xpacunoii ,ruuesoË noBepxHocrbro. Tnauu oKparrreHbrB Kpac-
:a:.t'ir u xearotfi gBe'ra. Ha,ruque B ir3Ae^Hrx flasrrpoincnoro Kypraua [p.rr.?rilr.
pa3HOrO rrrna (natxu, ruHypxu) no3Bo^rer rrpeÀ,[o^afarb MecrHoe npou3BD.4,-
cTBo KaK flptâru, TaK H TKaHefi. TnaHtr c raKIlM flpocrbrM nepen^ereHl{eu srzreË
Mot,\u LI3roroB^flTbca Kor{eEHItKa\{tt B ycnoBHtx À,oMaruHero npcqgBoÀ,cTBa
ç nOMoIgbIO CAMbIXnpIzMHTHBHL,lx TKa$KHX CTAHKOB.
XapanrepHo À,^.flcKoroBoAoB-KoqeBHr.rKOB Iî rrr,poKoe lrcro^b3oBaHlre KoIr'
cKoro Bo^oca. Lll:r eoaoca Ir3roroB^-rr^I4cb KpenKHe apKaHbr. flpnnaepoM TaKoro
Hagctprfl rBÀrercr KycoK no.nocquoû BepeBKIr, À,^tluoro e 1.8 lr, {,uaN{erpou
e 5 nrv, ct<pyuennofi B ÀBe {rpflÀ,}r, uafiÀennoii s noucxofi qacrs Morrir\nr. fïaerr-
pnlr<cnnfi Kypraa 3HaKoMIzTuac, f^aBr{brM o6pa3oM, c Hc[o^b3oBaHHeM Bo^ocâ\
B KaqecrBe À,eKoparuBHoro Ma1'epna^a, Pa3,rn.iHlre qacrl{ y6opa nocrrvl{ KoHefi
6rr'tr,u yKpâIxeHbI KrIcrgMIr tr t'laxpouofi rrg noKparxeHrroro e npacnr,rii gBe'r
rjo^oca. Eaxponra cnÀereHa arerbrpr'Mri pa3HbtME cnoco6aMH c rroMorgbro cyxo-
)r{rr^bHblx I{r-I'l'oKH^rI TOHKT4X
peMeUlI(C}B.
I-{arconeg, xapaxTep'o, qro ocHoBnbrilr rdarepria^oM .4^fl crrru'anrr.fi BceBo3-
Mo?ItHbIXue4e,.vit tt-r c,)ilaoKa, Me.\a, Koàin rr .q,axic'rrasefi c^ylKH,rH (y-\olxu^b-
IIbIe HHTH. ?ls crpyueHubrx rJ /{r,re Ha?H 'r'oHxrlx rro^oKoH cyxoxn,rnfi no,ryqa-
.\acb KoporKat HHTKa, KoHrIbr xoropoii 3aB.ff3blBa^I{cbnpocrbrM y3eÀl(oM, .IT06br
HETKa rie pacnpyquea^ecb. I-llu,nlt
raKHMrl Hr,r.rxaMu, notsnAr,rMoMy, MeÀ,Ho!-t
uraofi, npocrbrM rrIBoM, Ho pat^rlrrHr,ru o6paeou cK^aÀ,brBagKpa KycKoB crxrr-
BaeMoro MarepHa^a. Tonxag iiox{a cruliBa^acl} Me.\KI.rMuItsoM- Eo 7 creà{KoB
Ha caHTHMeTp.
Or:meqennlIe HaMIr Ha6.lrIoÀ,eHHsHaÀ oco6egnocr.aMpl TexHHKrr no Marepl{a-
.rartt ffasupbrKcKoro KypraHa F^Rttrre'rcfl, xapaKTepHbrlru À.\,q cKoroBoÀ,rrecKoro
lioveBo!'o o6rgccrea c fiarypa.\bilnrv .r:o:}xficrnonr, Bce ucHotsHbtc florpe6uocrtr
KOTOpO|OB pa3^UqHbrx H3ÀeÀprfl:{y.4,oB.^erRopr}oTcrr
ÀoMalxHr{t\rnpoll3Bog,cTBoNr.
pacÇqHTaHubrMHa cpaBHnre-\rrHo y:rr<uË xpvr lorpe6r.rTe^efi.
X03afi€rBo
50
rj,,',epueuncl IJcK.\Ïoqurc,r.LHo€ Mfcl'o 13 ?nlr3Ht{ paHHI,IX Kor{eBliHltoi.,, xaK
vific OTi,tertello BhrrTit,3ilHIlN{àÀ KoHb, I1 3To OCO6eHHOtpKO Bblpa}KeHo B HaxoÀ'
Koi:u flâi.lbrpbuia 6bt,\Ir o6pa:t-Iauit -n,]'.ttrrux I'I3 aMelrruuxcfi Torl4a Ha A \Tae Bep-
xoBbtx Kol{cfi. Caurrle,\ytlLIIlIe rI3 l{l{x 6r,t,tu pocrona go'l 50 cM H BbIIIre c cyxol-l,
Ha nyToBbrx cycTaBax (.tge'lxu,r) il ri:l {ji.]lllllJe xBocra, KaK 3'fo.4e^arcT u i4o cHx
3ro 6r,r,ru /.rrlub He\rHofl{e eI(3er'Iil.Àflpbl, no^ytraeMble TeM ll^n usrtu cnoco6onn
clroeii c1{epru flnra^rrcrr TpaBofi Ir, Ka-K y}Ke orMeqe}ro Bbltue, eectrofi [epex{Ii^H
rlepHo4, HeÀoeÂaHHt. ,
JaBHeM nporr^oM rac^Hcb MHorûTrlicflqirbre Ta6yHbI caMbIX 6ora'rrtx 6aes 't rafi-
5l
Bo ecex Àpyrnx Kypranax Bcerga HaxoÀ,nrcfl Kpecreg 6apana c xBocrotsbrMu
H npH^erArcIgAMII K HeMy nOgCHlIrIHirIMIrno3BoHKaMLI.3ro oCrarrU noaomennOii
B Morl{^y flurgr{ - KypÀroK 6apana c lprrÀerarcrgefi .racrbro ryuru, Parya^bHofi
aarpodnofi nargefi 6rra xyp4ron 6apana. Orcroga cÀeÀ,yer, trro ocHoBHofi n4ficqofi
nnrgefi {IaSbIpbIKcKoro IlÀeMeHH 6rr,na 6apauaHa n rrro oegor drrarz.KypÀrorrubrMn
H^Ii, Bo BctKoM clyqae, E(HpHoxBoclunrn. Oreg pagBogrlÀLr npe?Kge Bcero pa.4,rl
M.sca, Id xapaKTepHafi ë,Atr cTa4a a3uaTCKHX KOTTeBHzKOBnopoga KypÀror{Hbrx
oeeg 6nt,ra yrrre cosÀaHa. Orgeeo4crno â{e AocraB^r^o nasbrpblKcKoMy n^eMegr4
u eropoË eazxnefiiûfiË npo4yKl'-- uepcrb.
To.raoe onpege^eHue rrrepcrr{ B r.rg.4,e-
,rI'rax flaelrpbrKcKoro KypraHa He npoa3Be4erro, Ho âcHo, qro 6o.truraR rracrb r4x
Ll3roroB^eHa Hl oeeqnefi uepcrH. Ose.rrx uepcrb c^y?KH-\a Marepl{a^oM À,^,r
tl3roroBÀ€Hl{.rl caMbrx paouoo6pasHbrx npegMeroB B xo3rficree u 6ur:y - roË-
ÀoKfi À,^s noKpbrrufl ?KH^Hr!a a ero y6pancrBa, paaHbre npe.q,Merbr govrauueii
yTBaplr, oÀ,e2fiÂ,au !,pyrne.
Tperrefi coctaeHofi qacrbro craÀe naebrpbrKcKoro r,reMena 6rrl npynnrrrfi
poratnrfi cnor. Haxo4xz ffaanrprrKcKoro KypraHa (apuo rr qacrb ap6rr) yKasbr-
Balor ^HlIJb Ha l{cno^b3oBaHr.Ieero s KaqecrBe rpaHcnoprHoro ïtlrBorHoro. He-
coMHeHHo' KpynHylo po^rr B xoegftcree uMeÀo Ii HcIIo^b3oBaHIte ero MflcHbIX H
MO^OqHbrx [poÀ,yKToB.
BepoaTno, B craë,e na:brpbrKcKoro fl^eMeHH rdMe^Lrcbrr HeKoropbre .q,pyrse
BlrÀ,br }I{HBOtnr,tx. Boelro?fiHo, rrTo ToqHoe oIIpeAeÀeHHe [repcTH H KorKIt À,acT
Ira 3TO yKaSaHHt.
He to,toxo ocrarKlr car\{Itx .4,oMaurHHX?n?rBorHbrx rr^u npeÀMerbl, IIpeÀHa-
3HaqeHHbre g,Àfl rlx r.{cfro^b3oBaHufr,,Ho !r Becb sHeUlHHfi o6rran HaxoÀoK flasrl-
pbrKcKoro KypfaHa, yKa3brBaloT Ha CKoTOBOÀqeCK.)e nO npelrMytgecTBy xo3flr"t-
crBo nagblpblKcKoro n^eMeHLr.Hr.rxatrlx yxa:auafi Ha Ha^rrqne geM^eÀe^rlg Her.
flpaup,a, naablpbrKcKl{e KoHrr, KaK aro or}leqa^ocb
BceMrr, BH.4eBrxrrMHr,rx rpylrbr,
Hnno^oraMlz. BcI(opMÀeHbIHa 3epHOBbrXKOpMaX, HO 3epHO, HaAO no^AfaÎb, Xo-
:lgt?cr:ea po4onoË n fl^eMeHuoii lsarlr no^yqa^H or oceÀ^brx 3eMÀeÀ,e,\brrecKrrx
rr^eMeH, HanpnMep lrs paiioHa Bepxuefi O6w, u no^yqa^K ero, BrrÀ,rr Mo, Heper)'-
"{spHo.
Ha,rrrqne y rra3brpbrKcxoro rr^eMeHH sltMoBoK, o uena 6yger: cKa3aHo Httà{e,
I{e MorÀo coqerarcbt c noccBaMIT,xorn 6ut Ir B MHHriMa^bHbrx pa3Mepax, Kar(
âTo xapaKTepHo À^fI MTIOIUX COBpeMeHHbIXKOqeBHI{I{OB,TaK KaK B CypOBL'IX
yc^oBIrtx pentr V.taralra ,4o rroc^en,HexoBpeMeHH noceBbr He yÀ,aBaiucb.
Hecovueuuo, vro 6o,trruoe guaqenrie B ?r{LrsHrînasbrpbrKcKoro fl^eMeulr
I.iNre^aa oxoTa. C)6 e'rclnr cBug,ere^bcrBylor npelnge Bcero Muor()r{Hc^euubre lzao.
6painenun :aepcfi ri l:Bcporrog,r-i6nux qyÂ,oBrrrg. Hecruorpn Ha yc^oBuoc'u:
II CXCMaTT,TqHOCTb
nepeÀ,arrll, B Hrrx c yÀ,HBHTe.\bHbrMMacTepcTBOM lIoÀ,MeqeHbl
t',laeHefiuae oco6eunocru z:o6paxaeuurx :nepefi, g,arrbrnrerKae n Bepnbre xapaK-
TeprIcrI4KI.I ux. Han6o,'ree 3aMeqareÀbHbr B aroM oruorreHau TaKr.re aao6pame-
r{Ilfl, KaK @plrypbr rLIrpoB Ha antr^I{r(agr4.flxceÀe^ (pnc.35), cKar{yrgero Mapâ^a
q')
lI -
I
n apra^H Ha ncaÀH.âx (ta6,r. lX, 2 s XIV, l) n repaaertloro ^oct Ha afln^u-
r(agurx ce4err (pac. 35 u 36). Tanue nso6paxenu.n MorÀIr 6u'tr nuno;tnessI
ToÀbKo reMK, KTo na6,trcga.,r nao6paxaeurrx anepefi na cso6oÀ,e, t43yql'I^ Bce
l,lx noBag,Krr.
3ro raorar-r 6orrn ro.nnno oxornl,rnlr, He pag Bbtc^elKltBatsIxne H npec^e-
iq,ogaBurrre pa3Hbrx aaepefi. Bce uso6paxaeuble gBepIT tB^tloTct npeÂcTaBPt-
Te^rMI4 uecrHoii, aÀTaficrofi, QayHrr. .r\oco, tuapaa tl ropurtft Kose^ Il ceiiqac
2r Apraau coxpaHlr^cfl B BepxoBlrtx LIyn
iuHpoKo pacupocrpaHeHbl Ha Aatae.
n Karynn. Tnrp, HbIHe HelTsBecrnrrfi Ha A^Tae, B IIo^oBIiHe nporu^oro cro-
22 H 3âxo'
^err.rr Boglr rca s [xyHrapcKoM A,taray a Tap6arataficnsx ropax
.4r.rÀB 3anag,rrble Ii ceBepo-3ana,4,HblenpeÀ,fopr,x A,traa go g- cerosKl4, HaXO4l-
23 HecomHeuHo, B
rgeËcx K rory or Etrficna, s 240 xw o'r flasnrpolna. .q,peBnocrll
orr 6rra nocto.flHublM o6arareaeu npegrOpZfi A,trag, Bo3Mo2KHo, I{ HeKoTopblx
r'()pHbrx Ào^r.rH. f,xefipau, pora Koropofo BeHqalor ro^oBy qyÀotsI4lg (pvc. 26
rr ra6^. XIII ), R Hacrotlgee BpeMt Bog,I'Irc,a u f,xyHrapcnor,l Aaa'ray,
a B À,peBgocru Mor 6rtrr, H B creflHblx ,4,o^IT Hax Aa'ran. Oxo'ra na ta6:aua,
uso6paxeuueM K^brKoB Koroporo yKpauteH o\rlT krz KoHcKIlx y69pon (pnc. 2l),
:]âcrjr.rÂeTeÀbcTBoBaHa Haxo,4KaMnero KÀbIKoB r norpe6eHuflx pâHHHX I(oqeBI{It-
2a
ros Aarag.
XapaxrepHo, r{To B nso6paxeuuflx npeÀ,cTaB^eHbr BLrÀ,branepefi, oxol'a tlll
qacro
Ko1opblx tpe$oeaaa or oxorr{nKa ripoÂB^eu?rfl cn^bt, ^oBKocrI{ I'I orBarH H
^ocb u Ka6aH * 9T('
6rraa conpt?I{eHa c o[acgocrblo il7.fr ]KII3HI'I' Tnrp,
-$b1-
aKTITBH6 o$opog.ffl9lg[Iegfl sBepu, a .4,à{efipag, ap1.a^u 11 ropgblË Ko3s1
cTpbre B 6ere uo CTe11qML Hei4oCTynHbIMropHbIM KpyqaM. Srra leepr-r 3aH.a^lt
oco6oe MecTo Il MI,IpoBog3peHI4I{paHHHx Koi{eBHIiKoB Aar:aa, BIr.4,llMo' llo"roMy'
rrro oxora Ha HLIX 6oIaa csoero pog,a BoeHHo-cnoPTPIBHbIM3aHflTHeM, I{M€BIIJI4ÀI
()tpoMnoe 3HarIeHIreB geÀe BoeHHofi noÀloToBKa n^eMeHI,I' a TaKlKe B cHa6?Kc-
ItnlI cKoToBo.4,qecKofoxosffficTBa À,onoÀHn're^bltblMll sanacaM14Mfica, Mexa V ilpy-
fr{x [po.4,yKToB oxoTbl.
flpr r.rsroToB^eHr,rprnorpe6eHHbrx e flalrrpuncrolr KypraHe rrpeÀ,Meros,
gecoMgel{Ho, npllMeHeHbI H MaTepûa^br. .4,06bITbIeoxoTofi. flora MEI 3HaeM
îO^bKO, qTO Bce rq,ectTb ceg,e^, KaK
LISTOToB^eHHbIe, yBllÆp[MHux{e' pa3HbIMI{ Ko^-
5J
I
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ii
I
Cpe4craa nepeÀ,BrtKexnt
r.t
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r /tï\ t
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*=s"N\N:
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P vtc. 22. Cxoua yc,rpoficrBa cegra.
rror\r'txai ô - ' , , , , n ' , p 1 r . , , ;, , 1 . - , , , , . r r u u , " , , , , r r ip e m c r r n ; e - p r . u r r r , r B n 3 h r B a m u r c r . r ' y u K x
JHarplAHhx;
, r'rpr,È,raTXa- i ril'rt upuqHhtM p(.N!r.tlKi,Nr.
58
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59
B Morû^ax BpeMeHH pauulrx KoqeBHHKoB. Ilpurranrneuue cpy6nnre coopylKeHlll
xaparrepnbrur ë,^n norpe6ennË anoxa 6poneu. klao6pa?KeHlie ge^oro noce^Ka
co cpy6nurrus a,oMaMr,rirpe4craB^enc, ua EoxpcKofi nqcaHl,Ige n Mnnycnscxofi
crenr{, 6rrusnofi rro BpeMeHH x fla:oIpurcKoMy xyprany. 32
Cpyïuwu À,oM À^r nasblpblncKol'o n^eMenu 6rt,t ne eALtHcrBeHHoû çoprvrofi
)Krr^urga 11, BeporrHo, He ocuoBHofi, ue nau6o,tee pacnpocrpaueuuofi. Vcrporî-
c'l'Bo B Moru^e geofiurrx creu, npocrpal{crBo MerxÀ,y KoropblMlr sano^Hello Mc^-
KriM KaMHeM, yKa3breaer Ha npaKTIrKy e 6nrry coopyrrennfi c 6oaee ^erK?rMLt
4eoËuuuu creHaMII, 3arIo^HeHHbrulr x.axana-,trl6o pblx^LllM Marepl{a^oM. 3to
Mor^u 6rrrrr nprauurllBnble xult{Itnbr, nogo6uue Ma3aHKaM Te^eyr, creHbl Ko1'o-
pbrx cÀe^aubr It3 g,Byx fl^erHefi H 3acblrlaubl BHyrpII eeN{r\eË,33 kr^Ll raKItM :'I(e
''t
?rçlr^KrgaM [ropgeB, Kbrsbr^bgeB n 6aurnr.rp.
Ha,ru.rue B KoHcrpyKgr{[ Morr{^b}roro coopyâ{eunr 6aaon, yrBepx{g,euHbrx
ua croa6ax, fl xapanTepHntfi npneu Hacru^a noro^KoB (nr,Ipauuznaune eepxueli
noBepxHocTlà, a He HH2KHefi,xan 6rrt gto cÀeg,otsa^o ÀÀt noTo^Ka) ynaslteaet aa
npaKTHKy coopyà{er{r4r{ Lracrr.r^oB, no.4,Htrbrx Ha4 seu,refi. 3'ro uoraz 6ltrn no-
clpoËnn rrirna aM6apoB rl^E xpaHrr^Hrg pasrroro xosJrficrseHHofo ltMylgec'r'Bl,
r(aKrre crpo.fl'r coBpeMeHHbre ruopgbr.
Kporeaounrna Marepaa^oM g,^.â Bcex aTI,IX BrI.4,oBnocrpoen 6r'r,trl ancrgeH-
rrrrquarr Kopa u 6epecta. O4naxo o KoHcl'pyKgI{LI KpbIIxI{ cyë,n'lb rpy4no. Korr-
l(perHbrx ynaraunË Ha ero Haxo.4KIr llarolprrlrcnoro KypFaHa He Aalor. Ho o6pr-
.,rEe ga6,[aroBpeMeHHo 3afoToB^eHHoii gtn uoKpbrrut Morn^bI Kopbr yKa3blBae'f
[Ia IIIHpoKOe ee HCnO^b3OBaHIreA,\fl 2l{H/\fiIg 14, tsvt4l4Mo,Ile 'rOÀt'I(O À^t Kpblirlr'
uo rr KaK ocHoBHoro Marepua^a 4,ra ycrpoËcrea ^erKLIX pa:6tiprtirlx H^ll nepe-
'fe
rlocubrx )Krl^urg. Henu<-lrue lpeÀMerbi, rITo coxpal{lT^uci, n nclrpe6a,rrut-rii
KaMepe, yKa3brBaror ua no.iesoii o6pal xrneHr{ na3brpbrncKoro lr^eMenu. Otcyr'
crBylor ocraTKr{ naxnx-au6o HeilpHMeHHMbrx B KorleBorvr6rriry npe4ueroe. Saro
r(aMepa y6pana eofir\oKoNl (onoao 20 lte. rr,r), e Hefi Haxogll^lrcb raK xapaKrep-
uble À^t KoqeBHIrKoB y:rorop,rufi cocy.4,, Ho?KKa HIrgeubKoro cro^llxa, no4yruKa,
c^yi(rrBniag, 6rrrn Mo)r{er, r,.\A cvrÆeHb* flpounrre A,oMa c^eÀyer pacc.MarplrBa'rb
KaK gIzMHne 2rn^ulga Ha Mecre 3ItMoBoK. Àeruuru 2tiH^LI[leM Bo BpeMq ûepc-
r(oqeBoK cÀynin^H, or{eBrtÀHo, ^erKne rrla^aluu, Kpbrrble 6epectofi, xoncefi, MexoM,
BofinoxoN{. Ha nrecre 6o.tee Â,rnre^bublx ocrauoBoK Mor^n coopy}Karbcfl ocraB-
^reMbre Â,o c^egyrolgefo ro,q,a dorree npounbre IIJa^aurIr, Kpbrrble ^HcrtseHuuq'
nofi nopofi, Eurru n^eMeHH I(pbITbIe nofirronon, rco-
,ru e 6nrry [asblpblKcKoro
àçefi u^rl 6epecrofi noBosKH. KaK y cKHlpoB, MaccareroB Ir g,pyrtlx KoqeBHI{KoB
ApeBuocrlt, cKagarb rpy4Ho. 3ro naor",ro6utn :ururn B ToM c^yrrae, ec^u nyril
r(oLIeBaHIrt flagblpbrncKoro n^eMeHIr BbrxoglrÀIi Aa^eno ga npege.\bl Boctoqnoro
Arrtan 14 npeoÀ,o^eBa^Iicb xor 6or e ocHoeHofi ceoefi qacra c noMolqbro KoÀec-
Hofo TpaHcnopTa.
Koqesofi o6paa xrasuu Tpe6oBa^, q'ro6rr À,oMarxHt.fl yrBapb 6nt,ta rtopra-
À,aHr{ble o6 sroNt rl roBopflr'. I ia,,rnqnc
l'r-rnHofi, He6rrrcrgeficx. Bce nverorsr{cct
60
l--_-
Ifnranse
O4erx4a
6/
li,:*)
llaantpirrxcxoe n^eMr, Hecourie Frr-l('.i:no rpe6.r a.ro ( ,Je:d;bi. cttltl'l'ble 113 'roariltii
rilepc'rFHbIX 'rxauefi.
t{pe:erivaiiuoe o6n,tue pa3Hblx lto glre f!' lt Farlcr"l"Jy trtepcTli ToFII{IIX' n'tK
62
lr--
Ma'l'cpfia,\a, HaLUr{r.ia^uct)
rra noBepxHOcrb ltpyforo (ra6,r. v, l) n,rra tsbrpcJa-
^HCh 'pa3y Ha ?iByx KycKax pa3Horo Ma'r'epaa^a fl SareM qlHfypr,r, BblHyrr,rc H3
og,Horo KycKa, BlurrBa"\rrcblJ npope3br ,4p/roro (puc. 24, l, 2), utu, HaKoHeg,
KoM6lrHr'rpoBa,rncr, o6a croco6a (puc. 24, j). Tanaa rexHhKa yKparxeHnff, oqe-
BH.4HO,IIpaKTLIKOBa^aCbn npH rlrrTrre oliex(À.
Eo,ree rconrper'bre npe.ircraBÀeHlrn c6 ogexge, mraroi, r.r3 ù{exa, noàrir, eoir.
^oKa r{ rxanefi 4aror HaxoÀ,Ru e KaraHÀ,HHcKOÀ.{Kypr.aEe rr He1{ilBi-r0pacKolaH-
HoM Bropor\{ llasnrporncnolr.
'8"*roonuo
rex.Err!Ka
rr{Jrpe6aeTcfl c y3noii H ceÀ,-\oM, floaroruy I'i He,\b3t ero 3ape3aTb' KaI( pex{yT
cKoT Ha MSCO.OH À,o^?Iieg 6rrrl y6zr 6oeerrÀ,I opy?t{IieM' xoTg 3To H llpegçTats-
ÀtÀo pflA 3aTpyÀ,HeHLIfi.OAnOro y4apa 6OesrlM qeKaHoNI B ^06 o6i:lqso 5r'lrto
HeÀocTaToqHo. floqru Bce r{epena LIMeroT cÀeÀ,r,IHecKo^bgllx yÀapoB' À,o 13 Ira
oÀ,HoM qepene.
6.4
ÀI{IUb ltc3Ha-
t{o.l,ax K()HcKoro y6oga, B r(o^r{qecTRe6,J^ec 100 r, flpeÀc'fal],\fle-f
qfiTe^bHyto rlacTr, lrcxuigeHHoro rpa6ute.r.alln. 3to :)o'ÀoTo, a TaKiKe It o^oBo
Aarae
\,tor^u 6rtrr no,fyveHbl oT CoceI,HHx rr^CitlcH, o6nraeruzx e Sana.Anora
pyL-
rr ero oTporax, r,4e paspa6aTblBa^I'Icb ts 3To BpeMfi 3o^orble U OÀOBtHHbrc
cuIIlTbI
fivt1u, Vlz 6orree 4a,'renax cTpa' npoucxo4lrT Mex renapÀa' i'I3 KoToporo
6u'to no'tyuurb ro^blto or
QÀ-rrra H noÀymeqKa (ra6rr. XXI\1)' Ero uoxcso
fTOrpe6erlnlie n flaar'IpblKe KoHll
Iol6gbrx rpynfl cpe*HeacuaTc6ux KorIeBH1aKoB.
raKx{e npol{cxo.4flr r.rr CpeÀ,Heii Acwr.
n^eùr.s r1Melo a 6o-tee TecFIbIe I(y-\bTypIIrlIe cRsgt'I c n^eilIe-
fTaentprrrcnoe
HaMH cpeÀ,Helî Asuu, a qepe3 r,{!tx û c Hpauorl, rtro orqer^gBc npoc^ex(ll-
Baercr no naMtrHaKaM IrcKyccrBa. cpeI.u y3opoB, ]tKpaIxalotllHx npeÀMerbl
IÏasrrpnrr<cxoro KypraHa, ecTb cBoeo6pa3Ho oQopl.l:reuHrte BocnPorl3Be4eHrlfl
.4peBHeBOCTOrrHbrx pacrlrre^hHblx opHaMeHTOB.fÏa'trverra Il -\oTOC, :)anMcrBo'
BaHHbIe,BO3MolriHo,c TJpaHcKLIX o6Oa:t-!94, nog6[Hblx OOHaMeHTylla IJatig,eHHOM
30
rÀe-TO n Crr6uplr cepe6OqHo\t !lIîToHe axe\teHIl.LcKoro Bpel\{eHI!' Bnno,nnetlr,l
n o6btr{Hoii J-\fl na3brrlblKcKoro n.\e\teHII TexHIlKe I{ a)ilygllblfi 6a-
p e ^ b e t p , B e c b \ r â v n p o r g e H b l . n e O e p a 6 O T a H bBI c T l l . ' ' e l r e c T H o r o r I c K y C c T B aH . o RCe
? r ( eM o r y T 6 u r o o n o : r a n r ' l ( p r r c . 3 0 ) . T a s r r e , 1 o t r a \ ! 1 l I T I .B! c l ' D e q e H bIIt B . 1 , p v r f i \
naMsrHrrKax Aara.s (Eepe,lr, Kararr:a).
Ceoeo6paanrrfi crz,tacrntlecKtrË npgeM - no\ler4eHrre Ha re.\e ?KnBorHoro
$urypoK B BI,IÂe Kpyà{KoB, 3anrtrblx, <(noÀ,KoBoK)> ri !'1yrtx-. TaK xapaKTepnblii
.4Àr HcKyccTBa paggr4x Kor{eBrrIîKoB A,lras I,I nOeÀcTaB.\eHHbIii MH6TIIMH npxMe-
paMn R FlaeorpotncnoM KypraHe (puc. xapaKrepeH v n^fr nepcnÂ'
35-37),-
cKoro llcKyccrBa axeMeHlrÀcnoro Bpet{eHI{. flpr'rHaro cqvrarh, qro npHeM sTor
'rena,
-ianMcrRoBaH nÀeMeHaM[r Cwlupw I.IB nepcfiH wIfi Vlpala Boo6IIre. Mex.4y
sâ A^Tae r.r, B rracTHocTû, B llaarrrpr.rxe pToT flpveM npe4craBÀeg B Hau6o^ee
pa3noo6pasubrx ôopMax l.,ll, 66-roruei!I Ito-\IIlIccTBeo6pa3goB" SaeCn oH opranlt'
qccKg cBgsaH c oco6egnocTtMu c'îy"A;-t1 aexHHKH I,r3o6pa3fiTe^bHolo HcKyccTBa'
rrero He^r)3lr cKa3aTb npo tIcnyccTBo nepcoB. Bogrlllr< otr, B?IÀ,HMo'B TeXHHKe
aIIn^HKarJHrrBbrpe3Hblx cpl^y3THbix H3o6palfiel{Hfi ll: rcoxu, Mexa u Eofi'\oKa II
6u,t nepenecen taTeM B TopeBTHKy. He peuraa noKa Bonpoca oKoHqaTeÀbIIo,
()TMETIIM, IITO KYAbTYPHbIE B3AUMOOTI{OU]CHHq ITCPCOB CO CTCNHbIMI'I KOI{EBHI'IKAMtr,I
nres Aa'rag.
Arrtaficxufi Kpbl^arbrfi 'IIIf p npeÀcrats-\ter co6ofi orrlr vt? BapI{aHToB
lI]LIpoKo pac[pocrpaHeHHoro B cepe]Illlle Ilepl]ofo rblcfiqe^eTHt Ào H. 3. MIroOÀO-
5 M. n. rp""son 6i
P u c . 2 6 . ! ( o x a n a s e l r I r l . l I x a { n t i c t r o K P b t l r I K I 'cI e 4 - l a . \ Ë 6 i p e x o u c r p y x g u a ) '
a^T'afiC(14x n^eMeH
rrçry( Ky,l.rJTyOrror,{ O6r::.res1114 C IIpâHCKII{!{I1 HapoLaMl,t He Molt{c'l'
RI,IUJ Ha ce{^o .lVt 6 (Alrc. 26). llpa.soe qy4otsI4lge B 3rûii cgeHe_- o6uIqnnIfi
- TaKofi ?11eKpbr^a.T;iît .;wrp, Ho c ro^onoii
À,nr{ A_lTa Kpr,r,,ra.TÊrfi Trîfp. ^eBoe
op^a, KaK 3To qacro r{Meer tllecro w B HpaHe, 1,1Ha A^TAe, 14, rrTO 3al\4eqare^bgo,
e T o L I y l , o B I l ! : I . - . I t e i l , ) t : - y ' i , . i 2 : : e a T r r e H t I l r i l lr - \ 5 p i 1 : 1 I I a \ 1 .i l B y C T l { o I ; f l e p e . 4 a r { e ' f l n o -
paccucTpeHHbrfi IlpI.IMep [clta-
S T O M y r J e C J f M e . l .I l O a i t J ! . \ . , r " ) e r . J I o c r o o r r s s c c r u .
LITo o6)tcH l:r:.rbr\.'nHbi\III I-ieHItccril''lll llc?f:J\/ 14oatlou u A'\TâeM ilJe'\
rbIBaer,
r t î p a 3 H b l l 4 C . À . O X î H i : I \III V T ' j ] 1 r r e p e : , C t À nOorlelfiyTor{HbIX 3}teHr'eB'
66
litylt"i.rl!;l no/lrlelliKJ.ii(:'I . : , ' f ( . )l { a 5 - ' r r ( ) l i ( ' i l r l i l . U - l t : 4 r ' , : r ' ( : T t \ l 0 ' i ' I l T t ) ! l ( ) - 1 l t ( ) ( l 1 ) f c y f c t l ; 1 1 c
l(aKr.rx-.;rn61; yi{a,3ar1ri-i 1.-).riJv.^r;'i}'Prr.bre cirl3Ir r: Itulacl,r, KcT'Ùpble 'fitIt ii'tr'rlcl -^!:1lrr)
irlâ.\H TO;\biio Te, I{oTopble ùro}Krla) 6ltlo ,lerito cKIlIaITb, fleoe,\I'IB lI^I{ flepeKoBall
!Ix B HoBbIc II3Àtj,\ui. {),r,erx.atr I43 lileHllhrx \!e:\-oIt, nofi-noxa I'I lt,epreRtHtlbtr lt3ile'
C T I I C I I H O C T iôTt À e . \ r ' l l h l X . \ 1 4 i JI l ^ H C e \ 1 e f i .
yrdasaFirre}r Ha Ha.\!{qrre .racrnoii co6creeuuoclu c,ty}t(I.rr o6rr.Iaii
{rpyruv
{,eÀâTb Merr(n rra.À.ourap,Ex. Y norpe6eHHbr.:i B llaertpr,lxe xoHeii cge,taHbl Hag'
.pesbr no Hapy2fiHoN;y xparo yueii. Y ogsoro Koi{'I cÀ,e^aH oÀuÉI HaÂpe3 Ha ilpa-
BOM yxe, y .4pyrorc - rreTbrpe rral,pe:la raKÏie lla npaBoM, y rpeTbero - ÆBa
Ha npaBoM r.r qerbrpe Ha ÀeBôiu. V ,rcrlrpex KoHeii coxpâHlr^ocb ro^bKo ^eBoe
i.i: 67
yxc) -y llByx a3 Hux c,4e^aHo no À,Ba HaÀ,pe3a, y ÀByx Àpyrux IIaÀ,pe3oB Her.
V rpex xoueË coxpaHll^ocb ro^bKo npaBoe yxo -'y o4uoro c À,ByMqHaÀ,pesaMlt'
y p;Byx 6es ua4pe:oe. C,re4oeal'elbHo, MerK!{ coxpaHu^Iitcb y Irlecrll ttoseË u,
no npafiuefi Mepe, qerblpe !I3 Hnx HMelor pasnble MerKH. Àou:ageË c oÀ'HHaKo-
BLTIMH MeTKaMtT HeT.
IrbrMr{ gefloqKaMli roBopHT TaK2fie o roM, qro q^eHbl o.4,Hgfi CeMbU Ir3 nOKO^eHHfl
)l lroKo^eHne 6ol,ru 6oratbl, a, C^e.4OBaTeÀbHo, $orarCreo O C T a B a À O C bn O H a c ^ e g , '
crBy B og,Hofi ceMbe. Hua.Ie u 6lirt't> lle Mor^o, TaK KaK c pa3BHTr'reM qacTgoir
Co6CreeHHriCt14 HepaBpbIBHO CB.fl3aHa Ii flepeg,aqa HaKon^eHHbtX 6OraTCte nO
L'brrrb o6beMolr e 1800 xy6. v, Ebtpbtrb ç1My o6beÀ.row s 196 ry6. r r a ,s a l o T o B r ' t r b
NreHee 2500-3000 .{c,\oeeKo-.4,Hefi, qro Henocu^bHo oÀHofi ceMbe' Âa2re ec^H 6bt
Horo KoÀÀeKTHBa, KaKI{M Mor 6bITb 6o,tr,ruoË po4 II^H ge^oe n^eM.fl. OveengHo,
r l-la:nrprrxe norpe6eg He npocro 6oratrrË qe^oBeK' a [peÀcraBuTe^b o6lge'
68
I
I
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2 3 4 5 5 7 8 i
6t)
ç
traKoBbre rro apopMe 6a.sxlt, Molrruo Bli.4,erb, qro
oHLt c.4,e^aubl oco6uu À^Â
Ka?K.q,oro ceg,^â x{acrepou. ConepueHHo oqeBH,4Ho, qro KaK KoHIl, TaK a Bce I{x
cHaprii{eHlre He nprruaÀ^e?Ka^H norpe6eHnony B KypraIIe vvv ero ceune. 3ro,
'rHJltMo, 4apnr nor<ofiHoMyor cro nogquHeHHblx.
Eorarue Aaprrr, cocrorrglle rrB ^yqiilero Bepxoeoro KoHf 14HogeMHoI'otrpo?rc-
xoi*rÀ,eHn.fi,KaKITx I{e 6rt,ro e ra6yuax ocuonnoro Hace^eHltt, u .4oporofi poc-
notnrrofi c6pyu, MorÂrl 6nrtn no4HeceHbr yMeptxeMy roibKo o'r ÀHg, o6aagarc-
rrnx 6orarcrBaMrr rr 3aHHMarorgxx rbrcoKve o6rgecreeuubre ë,o^rruocrn. BepoflT-
Hee gcero, rlro gro 6rr"nn 4aprr nÀêM€HHoM/ BolfiAlo or .q,ectru po.4,oB^agblK.
Ec,rg xonn n norpe6eau.flx rrÀeMeHHrrrxeoxr4efi flB^glorcfl noÀHolileHlr,flMu
IJoÀ,OB^aÂbrri, To qrTc"r\.) lrx B Nloru,\e go^?KHo onpeÀeÀ.gTb cocTaB II^eMeHI{
g crMblc^e KolnqecrBâ po.4,oBbrxnoÀpa3Àe^eHuli. B ranou c^yqae cÀeÂyer ctli{-
'rarb, rrro rr^eMr, BoifiÂb Koropofo norpe6eH B paccMarpgBaeMoM nypraue a I1a-
nergefir. "t' Lllsec'ruo, rrro B flepfio.q, noesiroii geMoKparr.ra s ArraKe 6urro 'rc-
Tbrpe nleMenr.r, Kaxrr4oe n^eMq coc?or;ro Lts rpex çparpnfi, a Ka)Kr4,a.ff -
Qparpns
Hs rpugqarrr poÂ,or. B Pnve 6u,ro rpll n^eMeHH, B Ka?r{.4,oM no â,ecsrb (ppar-
paË (rcypuft), cocroarglix rr3 Aecm'rl poÀoR Ka?T{Aaq.lloÀ,o6*roe )Tçeroqnoe {)rpe^
.4e^eH[e rpyrrfl ri3BecrHo H nAfl, HeKoropbrx nÀeMeHHbrxrr paHHeQeo.4a^bHbr)i
o6paeonanrzfi [eurpa,rrHoii Acun. Tar soeHHo-Ae]roKparuqecxnËryHHcnnfi n.,re-
ueusofi croro3 cocrot-\ u3 12 ,,nono,lesnfrr, - 6 gclcro.{Hrrx u 6 ganaÀHblx.'t'
IlpegK[t yiiryp 'ra'<xe cocror^ri uz 12 ,rpogoB,r.nt Xanl (e Kopee) ÀeÀI{^tlcb
na rpli (poga>)-B g,Byx 6uao-no 12 ,rxsaNecrB>, B TperbeM -54. t'
Y 3a-
rraÀ,HbrxrropoK e VII u. rr. a.ttlllu6o,ro-xason 6u,ro yupex.4eHo rrlrb Bocrot{-
rrbrx <<noKo^ewufil,[ye,y w rrtrrb ï{e 3anaÀHbrx - Hyruu6u, flpe.q,Bog,areÀfiMgTHx
,,norolegnfi>> :a,*vl afinaai<oe 6rrr,ro epy.lgHo rro o{,Hofi ctperre, H c rex nop oHI4
Ha3brBa^*rcb (TiopnaMu /..ec''rLt crpe^)). a3 Taxxe vr Kvrl,a:HHs 629 r. H. s. 6r,r,\"t
peopraHl.rsoBaubr B Eecs'rb ..onpyronrr. an flpune4euuue npuMepbi rrosRoÀflIol
ilpeg,no^ararb I.r y paunrx KorIeBHHxoe A,rra.a rzcKyccrBenaoe gByxc'reneHaoe
crpoenr,re n^eMeHE, ccrorBercrB]'rorgee Àe^eHuro ero Ha Qparpltu u po4rrl. lirrto
Morxer, neperrfi Kypran e flaeorprrr<e npr.rna.q,^eiraÀ rr^eMer{rà, cocro.sBrrreMy LI3
À,Byx Qparpuït, oll",e4nlaaBrrrnx no r.srb po.4oB KalrÀ,as, KypraHbr s Llfule w 3-îI
u 4-fi s flasnrpune -_ TaK?fie vB EByx çparpafi, o6regaHuemnx no ceMb po,4oB,
e Ëepearl - It3 gByx E^H r{erbrpex tpparpufi, o6re4nnneurux coorBercrBenuo
no BoceMb vr^z flo qerbrpe po4a (xouv nelrailr B qerbrpe prrq,a, no qerbrpe KoHt
70
B KalKÀ,oM). Ërrrr uoarer, ÀBa KoHr c MacKaMH B [epBoM KypraHe flaantprrlna
npcgcraBrrre^bcrB)/IoT or ÀByx çpatpzfi na3brpbrKcKoro [^eMeHI4. Tor.4a eTopoiï
KyprâH c 3axopoHeHlreM ceME r<oneû, uc Koropbrx To^bKo oÀ,rzn 6rt,r c naacnoft,
c,re4oea,ro 6u crruTa'rb Morn^ofi @parpaapxa, a He rlÀeMennoro Bo?I{gt. Ko-
Her{Ho, Bce BbIcKa3aHHbrenpeÀ,IloÀo]I{eHurl Hy}Kgalorct B rlpoBepKe LI yTot{ItcHul{
HoBbIMIi gofio^Hlire^bHbrMr.r Ha6^roÀ,enrr-ssïpT,
Ha Koropbre Mo]Kr'{o paccquTblBarb
npu ga^bHeËunx pacxonnax norpe6ensfi n.relrenHofi :nar:u paunr.r)i (oqeÊtit{xoB
A,rrras.
HecouHeHno, qro ri B cKI,r(pcKHx KypraHax saxoponeHrrs xoueft orpaxao'r
e ce6e crpyKTypHoe AeÀeurae n^eMeH r.r, BoBMolr{Ho, n^eMennbrx corc)goB. 14 r'au
ncrpe6ennux noHeii HaÀ,opaccMarpnBarb KaK gapbr or r^aB iroÀ,qauenubrxyMep-
nreny o6rgecrBeHnbrx no.4,pas,4e^enprfi. BeÀ,o HeBosMo)r(Ho .4onycruTr,. .{?oônt
c yMepulrM Mor^I,r noxopourrrb r43 ero ra6ynoe cpasy ono,to 400 ,roura,Àeft, n
Tp'Ji\Ho o6rsclru'rr, cMbrcÀ taroË ateprenr. Ecrec"reenHee [peÀcratsr{Tl ce6e, na-
rrplrMep, qro K MorH^e BepxoBHoro Bo?xgr u,\lr Bi)eHar{a^bHr{Kae xypraue Vrro-
crcoro ay^a N9 1 1898 r. rpeÀcra.Brre.\u po.4oB nprRe-^lr xouefi no oÀËioùty or
r(alHÀoro poÀa, Ir pa3\4ecrH.\H rr\ B crpororr iioptÀKe - KoHr'r À,ec'IrH Qpa'i'pfli.1
O.{,HOrO [^eMeHI{ peCnO.\ara.\llCb Il.) htriiiilvtO CTOpollV }rOftI.\bl, +IeCSTII rppaTpll;
7l
sKcrrÀoaTaqaa qy?Kolo 'rpyEA, TaK KaK I{pynIIbIe xostËcTBa 6oratrtx B^a4e^bgets
cKol'a He Mol ^H co3.4,atsaTbcr{Û rlo44epx{LlBaTbcfl cz^aN'II'l çtryttoir ceMbii.
IIpoHseoÀ,c,l.BeIlIlbie oTHouleHIT.fl B rlasbIpbtKcKoM n^eMeHLI xapaKTepI,t3y-
14rcr qacrgoâ co6crecxuoc'lbro uarpuap.{a^bHblx (eMefi I,r pastsHToii gKcn^oara-
gKefi TpyÀ,a ocHOBHbtx fipou3Bo.4,Hre,{efi- ptÀoBblx q^eHots poÀ,a II' BepoflTHo'
pa6oR - tr. B cBfrsv c s1'rIM LI iiccbMa 3Haqllre^bHofi eronouuqecKofi À,uççepeq-
!!4alJveï4 o6tgec'rua. nax aTo cBOfiCTBeHHOBblcuefi cTyneHI{ BapeapcTBa,
Ho,
erge lro^HocTbro c{)xpaHr,,1rr(r,lrp()iililrc ÔopMbr nepBo6blTHo-ootgHHHofo cTpo8.
Ha sro yrasbrBaer ri norpe6a.\brrbrii o6pflg, e flaartpr,lxe. floxoponbl n^eMeII-
rroro Bo)KÀfi 6nrrrir xpynHbrM cof)bll'ueM B ltçrr:lrrr lr^eMeHH. B gepenionnw rrpktnvl'
Ma^o yqacl'ûe Bce n-ÀeM.q.VIorH,la co{Jpyxa^acb CII^aMn BCeXyqacTHI,IKoBnoxo'
poH, naK aro 6u,ro tr y cKIr(poB,Koropble, no coo6rleHl'Ilo fepoÀ,ora, Bo3tT Tpyn
cBoefo <(gapff) rlo BceM rroABIacTIiblN{eMy [;\eMeHâMr a 3aTeM' co6paBullcb Ha
Morn;re, <<BCeBMeCTeycTpaqtsarcT $O,truryrO 3eM^tHyIo Haçblflb, flpil^arat OCO-
6eniroe crapauhe K "i'oNly, qro6rrl ona BbIIIT^a Katt Mo?t(Ho 6o,'rrure>"r; Tana'r
cn^oqeHHocTb [IeN4eHII BOSMO]r{r{aTO^bKO B yC^OBI,I'X BOeHHo-,q,eMoKpaTI,IqecKoIo
c'rpor, KorÀa focnoÀcTBoBaJ\u erge nepno6blrHo-o6lgl,IHHble nopJta,KI'I.
72
_--
73
^ (>i
irrit,
,ii"f /0
P tc. 2 9 . O p n a n r e n r u r . r sp s 4 o B B o ^ r o r .
I - uo4uoctuufi pelrenb ccÀIa J\! 4; ? * g,epeaqH{aq 6atxa ce,4la Nè 8; 3, 6 -- 6Àrru-pa3on-\Kr ys.4eqe{
J'&I& 4 u 9; 1, 5,7 - Koxanile âfln^rKagur ta nepeÀ(ax ce.4er J\bJ\! 6,'1,7; 8, /1'} - ro xc, sa rrorcpbrt(ax
ccaea i\è.}'{! 9 n 8: 9 - aflrrÂr(aûûr sacrcnuoro Bofi^o(a.
i:î1'li::?":ïïtï:ï;Hîïiî:.'î:i::::1îîî:ffi
::iî:î:ï):ï:i;
orë,e^bnble g,era^I4 B Qnrypax :repefi aao6paxaaucb raK?r{e Bo^roraMn.
flpu arrpesanrzu aoaroroo6pasHbrx y3opoB ris Kolr{u (aepoxrno, n Hs
Mexa, go^ora rr Ap.) no^yrla^Hcb ocrarKn Marepga^a B BHÀ,e ran?Ke Bo^K)To-
o6paaHux QErypoK. Tarue lpHrypKH, BHg,HMo, ne 6poca,rncb, a yrrorpe6rrs,rurcn
g^t cocraB^ennff HoBbIx ysopoB r.t o6paaoeuBa^I{ 3areM HoBbre caMocrorre^b-
HbIe OpHaMeHTa^bHbIeMOTI'IBbI,nperq,CTaB^eHHbre, HanpI,IMep, Ha poroBbrx H 3oÀo-
TbIx I,IsÀe^I{.ax B KypraHe e Illa6e. " B ilaarrpbrKcr{oM Kyprane raKHM y3opoM
Hcno^Heua 6opo4a apra^I4 B crn^LtsoBaHHorrr vso6paz$eur4u ero ro^oBbr (cpaenrr
pnc.29,5n29,10).
Tperrrc rpyflny ysopoB cocraB^.srcT pacrr4reÀbubre opHaMeuTbrr sâlrMcrBo.
tsanuble, KaK orMeqeuo Bbrrue, ue Vpaua, Ho HacroÀbKo nepepa6orauHbre B crr.r^e
MecrHoro HcKyccrBa, qro ts HEx c rpyÀ,oM ysHarorct o6trqHue QopMbr ^oToca
. n naÀbMerKll. Texnura BbIpesaHLIt cn^yarHbrx y3opoB rza Kon{a il a?nypHblx
r'.)
6apemeQon It3 r4epeBa npuBe^a K ynporseHHrrna o6o6rgeHnbrM +opMarvr. B Heno.
ropbtx c^yqa.ax (psc. 30, | _4) erye rq,oBo^buo orqer^r.rBo pas^Hqaercx QopMa
gBeTKa, Ho I,I 3À,ecb 3arHyTble qaUIeiLICTtIKn 3aKaHqI,IBarcTCfiBO^rOTaMrr, a ^e^
/4
r-recrnu uMeror oKpyr^bre oqepraarln. B 6orree ynporgeuubrx QopMax ocraerct
^urub uapa oreepHyrbrx B cropoubr Bo^ror r.rMe?r{À,y Kpyr(or (pzc. 30,6,7)
Hr.rMr.r
H^r{ napa ocTpbrx qaue^rTcTr.rKoB, a Me2KÀ,y HtrMHapoqKa (pnc. 30, 5, 10). Ecrt
ii Àpyrne ceoeodpaeurre(popMbrna^bMeroK (puc.30, ll). B eopnaena^bMeroK
Hcllo^s.srorc.a r{ HeKoropbre g,era^n 3ooMopQHbrr H aHTponoMopeHbrxeHryp
( p u . c .3 0 , l 7 - / 9 ) .
CoeepurenHo ceoeo6paannrM.aBÀterc.EopHaMeHTHa Ko2r(aubrxrrsg,e^nflx,
lrbrrro^HeHHbrx nyTeM Br'rpe3anrr.flB KolKe npocrefiruux QfifypoK B BtrÀ,enpei4cTaB-
Àeuubrx Ha pac. 31, 1-lB. Pa.sr\u.rnrrlrr4correraur.r.aMr.r
raKHX enrypoK yKpa-
uenbr ur-errHbre ^onacru, 'ytnpril pora Ha MacKec poraMr,roaeua (puc. 31,20-22),
'far<unrz
lparypnaMH, ^erKo Bbrpe3aeMbrMr.r Ho2r{oM,oeopM^eHbr n paB^urrnble
AeraÀrrua uao6paxeur{.âx3Bepeft (piic. 31,23,24). CuryerHbrM enrypaM sBe-
peË c nonnolu-bronpopeaefi raxax (popM [prlÀaBa^acb ^eFKocrb H rrsffrgecrBo
n.so6panrenua(puc. 35 u 36). I{exoroprre (purypKu. KaK Kpy2KoK,3anrraa,
w f'f f f i 7 , ,
HBI [i ul
0q
ryiF*
Ëiu^Y--J
rÈ
FR.rÈ/tb
^ <t-
ffi
M
re
t3
q -L Wn
rc E r
ip'{l
fc*f
s4trkdM
ffi
P n c. 30. Pacrare,rnnue opHar\!esrbr.
l, 2, 3 - ura^rû veÀelltK -lli]\i' 5, 7, 3; - '(Ja\Bocr.rrbre
1, 5, 6, 7, /,1, 7-t peÀ!ûr ce3er )l!.1\! 3, 1, 6, 8, 9, i;
3' t' 1{) " At'PcBIEFhit 6.\txtt ctJer\ J\e,r'& 7, 3, 7; tl, 12, 13, 16 -- Koriailbre arrririlKa1jsH lepeÀrioB crÀer
.\!JVr 4, 9, 3,8; 17 - Harpygdoe vrpaueÈue celaa J \ - h5 ; / 8 - ! ( , À e e î r o c e g r a J \ ! ? ;
/9 - rro.4.EecÀa ec.qra Jii, ().
/J
t'
(<lloi4,KOBKa>, noMeIgeHHbIe Ha 6eÀ,pax E ^ollaTKax 3Bepfl, IlpHMeHfl^IlCb He TO^bKO
Ha BbrpesaHHbrx I,I3 KOIKK ll^n Bo;^oKa n3o6palKeHl{flx, llo TaK?Ke I'I Ha MeTa^^R-
qecKllx, o qeM ylfie roBopH^ocb BbIIxe.
Hblx o6pâ3o8.
B flaerlpnrxcKoM KypraHe IIpeAcraB^eHbI c^e.4,yrolgue !r3 HHx'
ÉF
76
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77
t
lrylloBlrIIc c Ty^oBIlI!!eM lHrpa, ilTEqrrHMHxpbr.\bfl!trr, c rfrrrrq; rl^lr |pe6treM lta
rIJce, .4^HHHbrMIt ylliaMH, pr]f aMu A]KefipaHa, oKaHqHBa]otgt7l'/lt4cfl.ilap]iKaMti
lr cKyÀbnTypHbrx I,r3()6rJa'f(eHLIflxu Bo^roTaMg B rÀocr{nx, HHofÀa c op.1''tHbrM
r { ^ } o B o M H n r n q b l r r . l o f l e p e i { n e N rH â r u e e ( p u c . 3 7 a ' r a 6 , r . X I i l ) . Kpr,r.rr,;r
IrHorÀa orcyrcrByrot (ra6,l. XXIi, noÀBecKH n ce4,ty). Or,lû.{aercx or
IJepeÀHea3HaTcKHX H cpeÀ,H3eMlroMopcxuxtbopM He ro^br{o c'rtr4^HcîI4rrecKI{, Ho H
TcM, qro l43o6pa?fiaercâ c ry^oBllrqeh{ Tlrfpa, a }ie ^bBa. V rrcro ner ,rusr{rrofi
rpHBr'r, xBocT À^r1HHrrrfi,paeuouepHo nylxucruir (pac. 37, utr,rfitt.n 'ra6,r. XIIi)
Àrnuuyro rpnBy HaroMalraer LIHorÀa o6paureuse -ueK (pnc. 29, B, 9), ri,r er,,
rrBÀflerc.qcrvilr3oRauHrrnr [co6oa]Keul{eM flyrxlicrbrx 6ax rxrpa. Haauquc s llr,-
rioropbrx cÀyrrarx Ha KoHge xBocra yro,\rgeHul (pnc. 37, i) H,\n ro^or3l*t
u'r'rrgbr (puc. 37, eepxn.), xaparrepHyro g,^fl ÀbBa KItcrcqKy,
Hanoù{LIHa}orgar<
nOÀpa?KaHrTeMnepf/lHr?-
fiBr'.fleTofl HerrOHgTbrM11^U IIO I]HOMy OCMbTCÀeHHbrM
't\
i,(.,
f-g
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78
l ) r c . 3 1 . I i o . l e e c r ac e r - r a \ ' : 8 .
79
'ryrlo'
Ptr6ouoÀcl6noe qyÀoBxrge ueridparxa^ocb BecbN{acxeMarltrtHo }J BHÀe
ruop.l,ofi prI6u neOnpeÀ,e^ennoro BIIÀ,a.c cepUeË cITMMe'fpHqHo pacflo.4t)?KeHllblx
r^aBHHKoB (pwc. 30, 19 u ra6l.. Xl, 2).
qe^o'
AurpouovOp4Hoe qyÀ,oButge npe,4cTaB^eHouso6paxeHltflMIT roÀoBbl
BeKa, noÀ,qepKHyro 6opoÀ,ofi, Ho 6e3 ycoB, co sBepnHbIMH
ypoÀ^I{Bofi, c
yrraMlr, [oMeIgeHHbIMrlr Ha l.6y, t'r c poraMlr .4,rreûpaHa (?) (ra6,t' XVII, 2)'
Bce nepeuuc^eHHble nso6pamenut nper4,Hasuaqa^Kcb .4,^Â yrparuenvt pa3'
pea^bHbre 3Bepl4 !I3O6pax(a^I4Cb Ha oÀHHx I,I Tex 2Ke ilpeÀ,MeTax, B oÀ,HIlX [I TeX
80
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- BonÀotgeglleM He.q,oc'Iyngo-
HocTt4,apra^r,r H TgKe, o6r.rTaTe^r.tropHbrx Bepmng,
CH^bI'
cTL, rryTKnË Mapa^ - pesBocT[ I'I Moryqefi KpacoTbl, ^ocb-cBHpenocTH H
qacbl' Han6onee
fleryx nopaà{a^ cBoHM tly.qecnblM cBoficrBoM nerb B ypoqnble
qyÀ,OBHIga' HaÀ,e^eHHbIenpLrgHaKaMH paC-
MoryrgecTBeHgbrMll 6rUtH, nepoflTHo,
pecBocrb
Hbrx sBepefi. Kprrrrarolfi Tlrrp coBMeiga^ B ce6e Moryqyrc cHÀy rHrpa'
Orporvr-
H qyTKHil cÀyx AxefipaHa u cnoco6socrr ^eTaTb no He6y, KaK nT'ga.
Cn^y
Hbrfi M14(psqeg*ufi ope^, nog*LlMalorgafi e cBoLIx Àanax ^oct' coBMelga^
H Heg,ocTynHocTb opÀa c ocTpbrM c^yxoM 3Bepr, yull KOTOpOTO Hso6paxeHbl Ha
ero ro^oBe.
Moxno npe.q,no^ararb' tITo y paH'nx KoqeBHHKoB uMe^t'cb yll(e cÀortHB-
- 3SM^IO' He6O n noÀ',
rrr14ecflnpe.4,cTaBÀeHI,Ito Àe^eHttI'I MHpa Ha TpH qacTg
BeMHb{ËMr,rp, CxOÀHbIeB KaKoË-To Mepe c [peÀ,CTaB^eHVflMvrCoBpeMeHHbIxa^Tafi'
geB, KoTopble pacupe,4e^ff^H BCeX cBoI'IX À'yxoB no srnM TpeM Boo6paÏtaeMblM
qacTrM Mnpa. BosMo21go, qTo KpbrÀaTbrfi TLIrp H MHQI,IqeçKIIËope^ 6bIÀH o6n-
TaTeÀrMr.r He6a, pbr$onogo$Hoe r{yÀoBr,uge E npeg,cTaB^eHHblfi Ha 3O^OTbIx 6^t-
4e
xax cn6gpcKofi Ko^leKgn?I flerpa I eMeË - 11eg3s141161eMHpa' $olrtuag
qacTb oCTa^bHbIx - O6nTaTe^tMË 3eM^I4. O6utare,rn aTI{X TpeX qacTeft MHpa'
qeM OT^IIqa^IrCb O.4HH
KaK g B npeÀ,CTaB^eHI,Itx coBpeMeHHbIx a^TafigeB, MaÀo
or gpyroro. Mo6no pa3^Hqarb r,rx ^Hrlb no crerleHr,r MoryrgecrBa. Han6orree
82
t l
I
I 6+
P u c. 38. Macxa y6opa N 10 (pexoncrpyxgux).
I
t
llpnaoeHuo-À,eMo*parr4qec*oM crpoe s'arr'Te^b'o Bospoc^a po^b ori4eÀb-
Hofi aHtrHocrH, Koropat flpeÀ,craB^s^acb re[epb .racro 6or\ee pea,,rrnofi cu1oi4,
veu ooo6parr(aeMoe MoryrgecrBo sooMoplpHbrx MneHqecKHx cyrgecrB. t{eaoeeK
cra^ cosHaBarb, qro MHoroe B eto lilr,IggpI BaBncvrr o'r ero co6creegnofi âKTHB-
HOCTU, OT TeX n^Lr HHbrx r,eitcre:,1,ir naa6orree MorylgecrBeHHbrx uo cBoeMy o6ge-
crBeHHOMy nO^OXeHr.Irc H^H ^I'rqHbrM KaqecTBaM ,rp.4,efi. oaHaKo ero He Mor^o
pa3pyrr]r,ITr' crapbrx npe.4craB^eHnfi o aoorvropQHbrxMHQulIecKLrx cyrgecrBax, Kar(
ylrpaB^ffrorgHx MIrpoM cH^ax, Ho orHorrreHHe K HaM r.ISMeHI{ÀOCb. MOryrgecrnen-
Hbre Bor{A,H r{ B^agbrKH HrpaÀr{ B }KIISHH n^eMeHH H pOÀa He MeHbruyrc poÀb,
ueu roo6paà{aeMbre À,eËcrBuff uraenvecxax cyrgecrB, tlro6rr noKasarb, qro râ-
xofi qerroseK paBeH no MoryrgecrBy MH(pHqecKHM cyrgecrBaM, H^r,r MoryrgecrBo
ero o6ycaon^r,rBaercr r{x [oKpoBr.rre^bcrBoM, r.r^u rro ëpyrHM nogo6noro poga
h coo6paxenurM BosHHK o6rr.rafi noMergarb neo6paxeHnr Mueat{ecKr{x cyrgecrB
Ha flpr{Ha.4Àexargnx eMy flpeÀMerax. EcrecrBeHHo, .rro o6arqafi gror oxBaril^
84
,"r"* 6or."" rulrpoltnË npyr aroAeË H fio^ytrH^ IIIHpoKoe pacnpocTpaHesle. Ec.ffi
pagbrrre tanne uro6paï{ena 6nt:rn ceargeHHbIMI{ H LIMe^H ûcKÀIotIHTe^bEo KyÀb-
ToBoe sHarreHlre, To renepb po^b llx cHugHÂacb .q,oyKpaueHufi, xotl û pe^Irrtro3'
Ho ryrrrroertfi
HO1O CO.4,epà{aHH.s, Iâ cBtIgeHHbIfi xapamep se 6r,t.T noÀHocTbrg
yrpaqeH.
Oco$oe Mecro cpe4n flponsBe.q,eHnfi I4cKyccTBa a flaauprtxcnoru KypraHe
;
TAEÀUgbt
T A t ; . 4 nA A t
t
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ocro6ox4enuar oro rtbga,
TAE.AAUA III
/ - o r r o p c r u e B n o r o ^ K e _c p y 6 a , n p o p y 6 , \ e g 6 o e r p a 6 r r e , r l r t u ; 2 - - c e a e p H a q c r e s a c p y 6 a ,
upopy6,rennax rpa6nrelaltul J - r p y n u t R o H e I ' rB c e B e P H o H q a c r H l r o r l { À b l '
7 - A 6 , 4 H U AI V
,w
,'W
/-pyroarn roûopa ('/; H. e.); 2 - to xe, Àera^b (oxono l/2 H. B.); 3 - o6,rouox ^onarbl
(oxo,ro 1/5 n. n.); I - ueÂuorii reoa4o (3/., n. s.) i 5, 6 - Kor(aHb[e QarypKn roÀoBbl
t g P H o r o K o 3 ^ a ( o K o ^ o 1 , 1 1n . n ) ; 7 - noxra croÀuKa (oxo,to t/5 u. e.); 8- *no4yulrq'
(oxo,ro l/6 u. r.).
4A V
T . q E . t tA
/ - n a f i m a È a c r e u H o r o s o f i . r o x a( p e x o t c r p y x g n t , o K o ^ o I ; n . H , ) ; 2 - x o , r , , ; J a iJ - - xo'r.a-
u n e u s o 6 p a N e I I H l rn e r 1 i x o B H a K O ^ o A e .
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,nera:.u ce4.na Ne 5,
/-xoxasoo HarpyÀHo€ yKpaoeulro-Mu9uqecKuii o p e . l ( o r < o n ol / 3 r ' n . ) ; 2-ero
roÀoBa (oxolro l/2 n. n.); 3-xoxasaÉ QErypRa t o ^ o abl ropnoro Ko3^a c narpy4uoro
polrua (oxoJroVr t .r.); 4-xoxauax a r n ^ û K a g l f f c a o f i r \ o ' l H o f in o K p b l u t K r l c e 4 , r a ( 1 / 3x , a . ) .
T A E . 4 n U AX r r r
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TAEÀHUA XVII
r/,: n. e.).
f e r a l u ya4nr Ne 8 (rce oxo,ro
d#
)'.r:a Jtô 9.
7 ' A E À U U AX X
'""-qui
?a
,tJFî
.{erant ya4u JÉ 9.
/ - 6 , r s x a o r n ô p o K p e c î n a p e u r r e f i ( o x o n o 1 / 2 u . a . ) ; 2 - 6 ; t a x a p x 4 o a a x ( o x o . l r o1 l z s . t . ) ;
J, 4 - ncatun (1/t r. s.); 5 - 6,rsra rrocoBoro peruua (oxo:ro 1/z lr. s.).
s
fÀ8"4ila,qxkl
1/2 u. a.).
.{erarru ye4nr }S 10 (oco oxo,ro
/ - 6arrlrrxa no46opo4ounoro peMsr;
2-6xsxa rrocoBoro peMut; 3-nca.nufi; 4 - 6utxa or nepexpecrr,a pouuofi;
J-6nara-pa3BH^Ka rgeqnoro peMnr.
rÀE)r'ruAxxli
Cea,r,oNb 10.
IB
TA6À14UA XXilt
\
X
X
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s
F-
cô ri
1
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3 â
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cq ( l <
o
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Êo*@{m, {iil
N P H ME ' qA H H .É i
L B. B. À a r n ru e n. pJgseclÈji
tpeBgr{x 1t. pu"àn*"raArsao-
urcare.lefi rpeqecxlix y .rarsscxui o J, fl. f p n:u u -
.,, y"oopslrrn ioc. "Jp-uuraaa,
Cxa_
Q*H K a s x a : . e .
Il. Cilc., l..lùJ. Sï-
I, 1940.
^ ta, t\t. tL. l pt3HoB. j t a 3 l r p b r x c x o cx f i n -
.2. tau " xo, crp. U9. "rp.
:fiecx-o^e
3. Haz6oaee tio,*ro* xj.4aHHe 3rHx
Re- _uorpe6onue na Ar.rae. flpupo_
rgefi cru. B Rnllre: H. T o., sa,7929,.tVr 11; H. .8. Mapp. k-;;-
89
.l!. Apreo,rorr-rqecKHe zcc,\eÂoBâFrr{ff B K p a c u o r p c x ,1 8 9 8 ,c r p . 1 1 0 ; C , I ' t . P y -
PCæCP 1934-1936rr. Si{.-À,. 1941, r e E K o. Ëanxupot,q. ll, 3an. Pf O uo
crp. 292-293. C)r4. etuorpaçnn, XLIII, II, ^., 1925,
2û. Kparxue, trperBaplrrolrrÉbte -
3aK,r.Io-{e crp. 194 c,r.
HHfl O:-,1eCTe trA3blpblKCKHX .:\OtrIûAe:r B 3 5 . C u . , s a n p u M o pB: . B . P a g . r o n . C n -
i{cTopill,I co3Àarrufi l(or{cK[Ix nopoé cx, 6apcrlro gpeBrrocru,Marep. no apieoÀ,
B crarbe B. C). Burra ,,Àoma4r' gpen- Poccxn. Ne 15, 1894,ra6:r. XVI, 4-6.
:rero Bocroxa". C6, ,,Koncrr.re ûopo;Ihr 36. fr,. V|. C u u p a o e. Boc'roquoecepo6po.
Cpe4neË Agnr.r". Hs,I. BACXHI4^, ll., Ctl6., 1909' ta6:r. V, iS 17.
i937, crp. 24 c,r. 37. Cu., rranptrMêp:A Survey of Persian
2 1 . B . B . { , n a r p H e B . K o n n Tn t r e s o e p u Art from Prehistoric Times to the Pre-
Alraûcxoro 3arroBe4HI,IKa II rrpu^ea.a- sent. Edit. A. U. Pope. London ancl
rqlrx Mecî. Tpyar,r Altaricxolo focy- Net' York. 1938, vol. lV, Pl. ?7 A.
IapcTBeMOi'O 3aûOBe4HIIKa, er'ln. i, \1., 3 8 . O . I v l .D a l t o n . T h e T r e a s u r oo f t h o
1931. Oxus, London. 1905, PI. XVl, 116.
22. C- ,1. O r n e n. 3eepx Bocrocsofi Ea- 39. CD.3 H r e ,t b c. flpoucxox4enfie ceMbra,
Forbr rr Ceeepnol-r Àsxu, r. i[, M.-.,\,, qacrnoù co6ctsenqoctll t4 rocyaapcrBa.
\931, crp. 292. K. Mapxc n (0. 3sre,rnc, Cocusesss
23..1/r. CÀoBg os. cprsnxo-reorpaipaqe- XVI, i, 1937, crp. 83.
csuii ovepn ceeepuoË uacru xeprrscroiâ 40. I4axunQ [6N.rypur]. C o 6 p a u q oc B e -
crens..,3auucns 3aE, Cn6. Ora, PfO, {,err:aîro Hapogax, o6arasmux r Cpo4-
XXI, 1897,crp. 126. Hefi Asrrll B dpeanrlo apeuerra, u. l,
24. C. B. Kace,res. AÀrafi a cxËtpcxùe Cfl6., 1851, crp. 14-15.
Bpelrr. Becrn. 4pera. ncropnu, 194?, 41. Tau xe, ctp. 251.
Ne ?, crp. 1r9 u 165. 42. Tav. xe, v. II, crp. 30.
2 5 . B . B . f u r . rr p a e e , ] ' l < . c û q . , c r p . 43. Taru xe, q. I, ctp. 350.
243-215. 44. Tav. xe, crp. 460.
26.U. T or\croft q H. i{anga}roB, 45. I e p o g o r. Hctopfirr R Aeafr:vr Kuu!'ax,
PycerNe gpeBnocrr.r..,, Iil, Cn6., 189!:), IV, 7t (flepeeog cD. f. Mr.rrgeuno).
Pwc. I L. 4 6 . C n r . , H a n p r . r M e pO
, . A. Kpr.rBgoBa-
2i."4. "toÀcror'i n H. Kou:aK)8, f paxosa. ArexceeBcxoe noco,tesue
-71.
)'K.coq., puc.69 ,I Morl.r^r,rrHt(. Tpy4r'r foc. Hcrop. uy'
28. A. S a I rn o n y. Sino-Siberian Art in the Bes,XVII, M., 1948,puc.37 u 40;M. fI.
Collection of C. T. Loo, Paris, 1933, f paenon. florpe6ennx 6pousonofi
ra6,r. XXI, 1-2. snoxta 3ura4uôru Kasaxcràse. C6.
2 9 . M . O . D a l t o n . T h e T r e a s u r eo f t h e "
,,Kasaxn", II, ^., 1927, puc.24,20.
Oxus, London, 1905,ta6;t. VIII u nX. 47. Cu., Hanpaùrep: M. n. f p  s rr o B, yI(.
30. Orqer Apxeoaoravecxofixouuccua :a corr., puc. 27, 3 s 22, 7.
1864 r. Ar,rac, ra6:r. V, pvr.7 v 2. 48. M. n. fpaeuos. Pacxonxa xutxo-
3 1 . - \ . A . f l o n o e . O , r e n e s o J c r Byo. 4 o n - cxoli rroruar,r sa A;rr:ae. ,,tlerronex",
râr{. Coeercxas orrrcrpa4Efi, 1935, 1928, N? 2-4, puc. 7.
Ns 4*5, crp. 189-190. 49.14- T oÀcroù u H. Korr.4aKoB,
32. l{. n. I p r a rr o a. Eoapcxaq nucasr- vK. coq., puc. 54, 55 r 68.
6a. Coo6qeuus |AHMK, 1933,Ne7-8, 50. H. t. ll'app. Cpe4crna nepe4Brtxe-
cro.41-45. llrrfr, opy.4rrr caMo3argETbl L Uporls-
3 3 . I - 1 .X a p y 3 r r H . Irlcropax pasBnrir,q BoâcrBa B i4oricropnu. Hs4. Kaex. ticro-
;tiiiÀIIIIJa y XOtIeBbIX Il IIOÀ'iiKOqeBrJrK pnxo-apleo^. uncr., À., 1926.
'lrJpKcxHx 51. H. fl. Mrpp.K
H MorrroÀbcKHx xapo3noc, en oruery o sarpauuqrlofi
Poccnu. Stnorpaçuuecxoe o6oapenae, KoMarrÀrpoBr(e (17rllI*Z2lYl 7929\.
1896,N, '2-3, up. 77. CAH CCCP, 1929,B, No 17,ctp. 324.
51. I'1. f. f eopru. Ouucasae o6ntaio- 52. ^. n, floranoe. C,terr,r roreMrlcrrr-
rgzx r Poccuficxov rocvÂapcrRe irapo- qecKrlx npeJcraBÀeE&ft y a,'.taiiger, Co-
ÂoB, rr. II, Cn6., 1795, crp. 167r A. -\. Be:cKat srnorpa(purl, 1935, Ns 3*4"
KvgseEoBa u fl. E. Ky-raxor. crp. 135, 143 a ,1p.
ùlunycraRcxno il aqurrcKLe rlgopodgrri,
&W;f tYcfleXdçFalr#r#r,,Fqff#drel
O f À A B À E H I " { E
B n e 4 e n u e J
Texsïxa 41
Xogsficrno 5{l
Cpe4crna nepogBuxerrlrrt 54
.{ou rr 4orraruâq yrBapr) 59
fluranse 6l
Cr4eN4a . .
Boesna.s rexnlrxa . . OJ