NURSING THEORIES &

MODELS
• Neuman’s Systems Model
– Person
• People are a unique composite of characteristics
within a normal given range of responses

– Health
• Ability of the person’s flexible line of defense to
maintain equilibrium against a stressor

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Nursing Theories and Models

– Nursing
• Unique profession concerned with all the variables
affecting a person’s response to stressors

3
• Orem’s Self-Care Model
– Person
• Total being with universal developmental needs,
capable of continuous self-care

– Health
• State of being whole, sound, and fully integrated

4
Nursing Theories and Models

– Nursing
• Consists of deliberate and purposeful actions to
provide assistance

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 Nursing Theories and Models

• Orlando’s Needs-Oriented Theory

– Person
• Developmental beings with needs, distinct in their
responses, thoughts, and feelings

– Health
• Sense of adequacy or well-being, comfort, and
fulfilled needs

6
Nursing Theories and Models

– Nursing
• Consists of understanding and providing the client’s
immediate need for help to avoid, relieve, diminish, or
cure the sense of helplessness

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• Roy’s Adaptation Model
– Person
• Biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with a
changing environment

– Health
• State and a process of being and becoming an
integrated, whole person

8
Nursing Theories and Models

– Nursing
• Contributes to the person’s health, and quality of life

9
• Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming
– Person
• Intentional being, direct personal becoming through
relationships

– Health
• Individual commitment to modify health patterns or
behaviors
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Nursing Theories and Models

– Nursing
• Being with or in the presence within a mutual nurse-
client process
• Client is the expert in what is best for him

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• Rogers’ Unitary Human Beings
– Person
• Unified whole with unique attributes

– Health
• Attainment of wholeness and openness, safety and
overall human functioning

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Nursing Theories and Models

– Nursing
• Value of client’s individuality should be considered
while strengthening the integrity of the human field
and health potential

13
• Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory
– Person
• People are unique in experiences, beliefs,
expectations, and patterns of relation to others

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 Nursing Theories and Models

• Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory

– Health
• “A word symbol that implies forward movement of
personality and other ongoing human processes in
the direction of creative, constructive, productive,
personal, and community living” (Peplau, 1952)

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Nursing Theories and Models

– Nursing
• Significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process

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FIN!!!

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