PROJECT MANAGEMENT

What is a project?
• A project is a temporary venture to produce a new and unique deliverable. A
deliverable could be a tangible product, a service or achievement of a required
outcome.
• A project is a temporary work plan devised to achieve a specific objective
within a specified period of time to bring about beneficial change or added
value. So, it is an initiative to bring about change in product or services. Its
purpose is to perform a task with well defined objectives, schedules and
budgets.
• The project is undertaking something that has not been undertaken previously.
At least some aspect is unique.
 Some examples of a project
• Developing a new product or service.
• Constructing a building or bridge
• Renovating the kitchen.
• Designing a new transportation vehicle.
• Acquiring a new or modified data system.
• Organizing a meeting.
• Implementing a new business process.
Difference between Project and Operation.
 What is management? (POSDC)
• PLANNING: Deciding what needs to happen in the future (today, next week, next
month, next year, over the next five years, etc.) and generating plans for action.
• ORGANIZING: Implementing a pattern of relationships among workers and making
optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans.
• STAFFING: Job analysis, recruitment, and hiring of people with the necessary skills
for appropriate jobs. Providing or facilitating ongoing training, if necessary, to keep
skills current.
• DIRECTING: Determining what needs to be done in a situation and getting people
to do it.
• CONTROLLING/MONITERING: Checking current outcomes against forecast
plans and making adjustments when necessary so that goals are achieved.
What is project management?

Process of attaining project objectives in

stipulated time to produce qualified and
quantified deliverables
or
The art of bringing together the responsibilities,
people and resources to accomplish the goal
 What are the objectives of a project?
• To complete the project within the allotted (or budgeted) funds.
• To complete the project within the scheduled time limit.
• To execute the project in such a way that the project meets the
quality standards.
• To ensure that the project is completed to the satisfaction of the
end users.
• Avoiding unproven equipment.
 How projects are classified?

Based on the:-
1. Type of Activity
2. Location of the Project
3. Completion Time
4. Ownership:
5. Size
 What are the crucial factors of a project?
There are many challenges to be faced by a project manager.
There should be proper trade off between the following factors.
1. Time
2. Scope
3. Cost
4. risk
5. Quality
6. Customer satisfaction
What are the attributes of a good project manager?
1. Lead by example
2. Visionaries
3. Technically competent
4. Decision taking
5. Good communicator
6. Stood up to emergencies when reqd
7. Support team members
8. Good motivator
9. Should encourage new ideas
What are the different types of resources in project?
• Human resources
• Financial resources
• Time resources
• Technological resources
• Mechanical resources
What are the characteristics of project management?
1.Project charter-
The document which contains the project justification, description, details of
sponsor, budget, limitations and constrains.
2.Tools and techniques- CPM and PERT.
3.Project plan
4.Project management processes(IPECC)
5.Project organization structure
management technique to form temporary organization structure to fulfill
the needs of project.
 What is project lifecycle?

The period between the

beginning and
end of a project
is usually referred to as the project life cycle
What Is a Project Charter in Project Management?
• A project charter is a formal, typically short document
that describes your project in its entirety —
• including what the objectives are,
• how it will be carried out,
• and who the stakeholders are.
• It is a crucial ingredient in planning the project
because it is used throughout the project lifecycle.
 What are the phases of Project life cycle

1. Conceive
2. Develop
3. Execute
4. Finish
 What is project life cycle of a project

EXECUTE
CONCEIVE DEVELOP 1. Design review FINISH
1. Identify need 1. Develop the plan 2. Quality assurance 1. Reviews and acceptance
2. Establish feasibility 2. Assess the risk factor 3. control 2. Issues management
3. Look for alternatives 3. Allocate budget 4. Verify the performance 3. Reassign remaining tasks
4. Present the proposal 4. Present the project briefly 5. Do modification 4. Project closing
5. Approval to proceed 5. Obtain approval 6. Forecasting and reporting
7. Deliver the project
 Need identification
• This phase of a project is an essential component of
the project
• which begins with the identification of some
unfulfilled need in the economy or the market.
• This need is at the root of a concept/idea where an
entrepreneur or an enterprise gets an idea to
• design and establish a project that will fulfil this
need
 Feasibility study
• After this preliminary screening,
• the project ideas is subjected to a detailed
investigation of all the six dimensions
• which have their impact on a project and
• finally a decision is taken to drop the idea or to
go ahead with the concept
 COCEIVE
• IT CONSISTS OF ACTIONS SUCH AS
1. Identify the need
2. Feasibility study
3. Look for alternatives
4. Presenting the proposal to the authority.
5. Approval to proceed.
 Develop
•Once the investment decision is taken,
•the design or the planning stage of the project starts.
•In the design phase, the original project idea is amplified as much as
possible so that a complete `blue-print' of the project is available for the
next stage.
•This means that the technical parameters are frozen,
•the basic designing of the project is completed, specifications for major
plant and equipment are finalised, costs of the project are estimated in
greater details, a time schedule for the project is planned and all necessary
 Develop
• Develop a plan
• (including the design, final blue print with specification, equipment
needed, cost and time schedule)
• Assess the risk factors.
• Allocate the budget
• Present the project charter
• Get approval.
 SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES
CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM)
A scheduling tool that enables a manager to determine the critical path of activities for a
project—the activities that will cause the entire project to fall behind schedule if they are
not completed on time.

GANTT CHARTS
Bar graphs plotted on a time line that show the relationship between scheduled and
actual production.

PROGRAM EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE (PERT)

A scheduling tool that is similar to the CPM method but assigns three time estimates for
each activity(optimistic, most probable, and pessimistic); allows managers to anticipate
delays and potential problems and schedule accordingly.
CRITICAL PATH METHOD
GANTT CHART

Henry Gantt, inventor of the

Gantt chart
• Born: May 20, 1861
• Died: November 23, 1919
 GANTT CHART
• A Gantt chart is a project management tool assisting in the planning
and scheduling of projects of all sizes, although they are particularly
useful for simplifying complex projects.
• Project management timelines and tasks are converted into a
horizontal bar chart, showing start and end dates, as well as
dependencies, scheduling and deadlines, including how much of the
task is completed per stage and who is the task owner.
• This is useful to keep tasks on track when there is a large team and
multiple stakeholders when the scope changes.
GANTT CHART
GANTT CHART
 Execution
• After the design phase is over, a project moves into the execution or
production phase where the emphasis is on giving a physical shape to
the ideas that were elaborated in the DPR.
• Usually, this demands actions to procure the materials, machineries
and equipment required for the project and construction of facilities
like buildings, equipment foundations, infrastructure etc. at the project
site, to receive these equipment.
 Execution
• Design review
• Quality assurance and control
• Verify the performance results
• Do the modifications
• Progress monitoring
• Completion of the project
 Finishing
• Finally, the construction of the project reaches its end and the last phase of
termination starts.
• During this phase, the newly constructed facilities are tried out one by one and
then in an integrated fashion and finally teething problems that might come up
are resolved.
• In this phase, a set of persons are identified who would ultimately take over the
operation of the facilities created during the project execution phase, These
operations, maintenance and services personnel are brought in for the triad runs
and commissioning.
• In other words, these trial runs and commissioning activities are jointly carried
out by the project and operational personnel.
• Finally it leads to handing over of the newly created facilities to the operating
personnel and winding up of the project team or its transfer to a new project.
 Finishing
• Reviews and acceptance.
• Reassign remaining tasks and final touch up
• Project closing.