WHAT IS

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM??
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The digestive system is made up of
digestive tract or gastrointestinal
(GI) tract and other organs that help
the body break down and absorb
the food that we ate. Each organ of
the digestive system has an
important role in digestion. The
body breaks down the nutrients
from food and drink into
carbohydrates, protein, fats, and
vitamins.
 PROCESS OF DIGESTION
Food is the body’s source of fuel.
The nutrients in food give the body’s
cells the energy they need to
operate. Before food can be used it
has to be mechanically broken down
into tiny pieces, then chemically
broken down so nutrients can be
absorbed. In humans, proteins need
to be broken down into amino acids,
starches into sugars, and fats into
fatty acids and glycerol.
THE 2 TYPE OF DIGESTION

Mechanical Digestion

Chemical Digestion
Mechanical
Digestion
• Mechanical digestion is the
physical breakdown of the
chunks of food that into a
smaller pieces. It takes mainly in
the mouth and stomach. Make
the food into digestible
particles, mainly by the teeth.
Expand the surface area for the
enzymatic reaction in the
chemical digestion.
Chemical
Digestion
• Chemical digestion
involves the secretions of
enzymes throughout your
digestive tract. These
enzymes break the chemical
bonds that hold food
particles together. This
allows food to be broken
down into small, digestible
parts.
What organ
makes up the
digestive
system?
TONGUE
It is a muscular, movable,
protrusible sense organ that
is attached to the lower jaw
at the posterior end that
helps us to sense the
taste. your tongue moves
food around your mouth to
help you chew and swallow.
MOUTH
• The beginning of digestive
tract. The first step in the
digestive process occurs in the
mouth. This is where food is
chewed and broken down into
a size that can be safely
swallow. The function of the
mouth is cutting and grinding
the food by the teeth, and It
digests the starch into the
sugar.
 PHARYNX
The pharynx is a part of
the conducting zone of
the respiratory system and also a
part of the digestive system.
Pharynx allow food to travel
through. The pharynx is also
functions to allow a person to
speak. Muscles of the pharynx will
vibrate, and these vibrations help
to form the various sounds of
speech.m.
ESOPHAGUS
The esophagus connects the throat
above with the stomach below. It's the
first organ into which the swallowed
food goes. The esophagus is the
hollow tube that leads from the throat
(pharynx) to the stomach. The tube
that connects your throat to your
stomach. Esophagus is usually from 18
to 25 centimeters (cm) long, and it is
behind the trachea and the heart.
STOMACH
• After entering your
stomach, the pie is broken
down further. With its
powerful muscles, the
stomach begins churning and
mixing the food
into smaller pieces. The
• stomach mixes the food
with its gastric (digestive)
juice to form a semi-liquid
substance after a few hours
that can be digested easily.
 LIVER
• The liver is the largest
glandular organ. It produce
bile and stores vitamins
and irons. It also destroy
old blood cells. The liver
processes this blood and
breaks down, balances, and
creates the nutrients, it
also helps regulating blood
clotting.
 GALL BLADDER
The gallbladder is a
muscular sac and located
under the liver. The
gallbladder’s main
functions are to store and
release bile as needed in
the small intestine for fat
emulsification.
PANCREAS
The pancreas is an organ
located in the abdomen. It
plays an essential role in
converting the food we eat
into fuel for the body's cells. A
healthy pancreas produces the
correct chemicals in the proper
quantities, at the right times,
to digest the foods we eat.
Your pancreas also helps your
digestive system by making
hormones.
SMALL INTESTINE
Small intestine is a long tube-like
organ that connects the stomach and
the large intestine. A small intestine
has three mainly part: the duodenum,
jejunum, and ileum. It helps to
further digest food coming from the
stomach. It absorbs nutrients and
water from food so they can be used
by the body.
LARGE INTESTINE
The large intestine performs an
essential role by absorbing
water, vitamins, and
electrolytes from waste
material. The large intestine is
composed of 4 parts. It includes
the cecum and ascending colon,
transverse colon, descending
colon, and sigmoid colon.
 RECTUM
The rectum is a chamber that begins at the
end of the large intestine. Rectum absorbs
the excess water and holds it until it’s full,
when nerves trigger the urge to
defecate. This is the last stop on your
food’s journey through your
gastrointestinal (GI) tract before it exits. As
food waste passes from your colon into
your rectum, it collects there until nerves
trigger the urge to poop.
ANUS Your anus is the end of
your large intestine,
where food waste
completes its journey
through your digestive
tract and makes its
exit. Your anus facilitates
your bowel movements.
Nerves and muscles
surrounding your anus
coordinate to tell you
when you need to poop.