Understanding | for Housing and Small BuildingsUnderstanding CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS for Housing and Small Buildings eT Reed aia Oe ee een Rae ae ke first Canadian textbook designed to help you learn to read the drawings that are Ce aC Re ets Mi Reem ear eet Bde eRe Cae cet ae es eka tent) construction drawings. An ability to efficiently locate information in different parts of a drawing, and effectively cross-reference information between drawings, can Se eu Mu ete uit aea eet Cen eau eu oee tees Se RUS i ete eee em mE ay Srey leur a hee et tl UU uk ers eek uence ec See UU Rune R CM Cec at aid eae Cee UT Rune Ue a Cet Ce ke www.stephensonte.nelson.com ELSON a) ons ByGB —_UNDERSTANOING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FOR HOUSING AND SMALL BUILDINGS c. There is a shower in the first-floor powder room. d. The garage is 20’-0" x 20'-0". 13, From the floor plans you can see a. The interior wall between the ensuite and second-floor bathroom is 100 mm thick. b. The interior wall between the family room and dining room is 150 mm thick. c. The interior wall between the powder room and dining room is 150 mm thick. d. Both a and b are correct. 14, From the floor plans and elevation drawings you can see a. The ceiling over the window seat in the jing room is the same height as the ceiling of the dining room, b. The ceiling over the window seat in the living room is the same height as the ceiling of the living room. c. The kitchen sink is located under one casement and one fixed window. d. Both a and b are correct 18. From the floor plans and elevation drawings you can see a ‘a, Bedroom 2 is directly over the living room and is the exact same size as the living room. b. The second-floor roof has two girder trusses (GT). ¢. Bedroom 3 partially covers the first-floor porch. d. The ensuite bathroom is directly over the kitchen, Chapter Ma 4 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing this chapter. you will be able to: ‘+ Identify and interpret abbrevi commonly used in construction drawings. Identify and interpret hatchings com- monly used in construction drawings. Locate information on the construc- tion notes based on identification symbols used in the construction drawings: Locate and interpret section details as indicated by a cutting-plane line in the construction drawings. Visualize the construction and assembly of various building mat: ials by reviewing detail drawings. INTRODUCTION This chapter covers abbreviations, hatchings, symbols, construction notes, and detail draw- ings, which designers use to communicate detailed information on construction drawings in ® uniform, easy-to-interpret way that does not clutter the drawings. The chapter provides lists of abbreviations, symbols, and hatchings that you can use throughout the text for some of the quizzes and assignments, and keep as a refer- ence for when you are working in the field ABBREVIATIONS. Construction drawings require a lot of informa- tion to be placed in a small area. Abbreviations are used in order to supply sufficient information about the structural and material requirements without overcrowding the drawings. Abbreviations usually consist of a few letters that best describe the word or words being abbre- viated. For example, FG is used as an abbrevia- tion for fixed glass, and AFF is used to describe an above-finished floor elevation. Abbreviations use a single capitalized letter or serios of letters to rep- resent the word they describe. Lowercase letters are typically used for measurements (e.g., mm for millimetres) except measurements named after a person, such as MPa for megapascal. Not all abbreviations need to be memorized; once you gain a better understanding of the materials and processes used in construction, you will generally be able to figure out what the abbreviation means when looking at the drawing. However, note that sometimes an abbreviation can mean two different things; for example, BM can be an abbreviation for a beam on floor plans, and an abbreviation for benchmark on site plans. You will be able to distinguish the difference by viewing the plans. While most abbreviations are standardized, designers will sometimes improvise and create their own. Therefore, it is advisable to check the drawings for a legend where the designer will list the more common abbreviations and symbols used on that particular set of draw- ings. For an example, check the construction notes on the Doncaster drawings in the rear of this text and review the legend listed at the bottom right-hand side of the construction notes. A close-up of the legend is illustrated in Figure 4.1 Table 4.1 is a helpful reference of commonly used abbreviations for construction drawings for housing and small buildings. The drawings may ‘or may not indicate periods, and abbreviations may take more than one meaning depending on the circumstances. 59{60 —_ UNDERSTANDING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FOR HOUSING AND SMALL BUILDINGS FIGURE 4. 1 Legend from Doncaster construction notes TABLE 4.1 (continued) ‘ABBREVIATIONS, HATCHING, SYMBOLS, CONSTRUCTION NOTES, AND DETAL ORAWNGS = GT (Loney Genin wr ot Wate Tonk ‘Deeroe —oncenre is Each St ut Height (WSJ Open Web Sto Joist 1D amen tw. Each Way wer ‘High Point 0sB ‘riented Strand Board ee ee uc Bewieso Bate HOR Herons oo Ouste Disnaor @ URLEX OUTLET (2oomem HH) SBKB_SOUD WOOD BEARNG ont Bere Metal Ting D Insige Dioner OH.orOVHO Ovemead BF ours omET HOGA AS NOTED) SAM. SMOKE ALA (v1 Eran F Inside Foce au ‘psa {8 vexmerercor ouiex UTET pee Font LOHd io Ei Pl Nv Incr nh — © avy bury ouner OD CARBON ONDE PLorEXCBecavate INSULorINS Insulation Ges —_Opering FA FLAT ARCH DETECTOR rst Expansion Joint INT Interior Perimeter Fo FRED GLASS: CT. GROER TRUSS Ost Existing 1 ‘ron PL Plate or Pia MA 008 RE ROR OT. DOUBLE TRUSS or Extension or Exterior JB Jamb_ 3 Plumbing, Lait romuRe (CHUNG) DL noua wast f ie i LY or PLY WD Phyo eee Ee - isiaige ae ve Polyiny Cho asd or -& Uo FoTURE (WALL MOUNTED) CV auNATED VENEER LUMBER ff Fished ForBsaton in ied or Kock Donn = ==__———enage pipes) _ -& air roqure (Por ue) ME. _MEDIONE CABINET AMR Family Room Xr ieren recat _Precast — street fee hgh or PFA Protects an et apace toate ts dorama 3 NW Fish or Fished 06. Lang (AG orFL— Flashing Foong ww aun oo ea TABLE 4.1 iit) Flooring o Laundry Tub or Lawn Tay FS ae oe Common Abbreviations i Font oes wy tay (S____Foedspr sania = a aa Bom ‘ont teas o Gneocir a —___ “uate me Puan oP Sh AC orAIG Air Conditioning BSMT_____ Basement CORRUS.——_Comugetod 4 ance eee ta = Pr. Pressure Treated a ‘Acces Panel BF asemert oor evoion OU oppor a a fa uf Lekiandf ao Rais o a AL or ALUM Aluminum BL Building Line GT Control Joint J Frame i. ‘A___ Radius, Risa, Right, or Range, acsT ‘Acoustic Bvt Beveled DBL Double FRR. Fire Resistance Rati BR Lumber 0 am a act Acoust Tie cas. Cabinet vc rip op a Se eee Toning Vrwertomwer > REBAR__—inforcing Bar ABS ‘erylontie Butadiene o Cast kon er. B a Faring (Manufactured Beam) EINE Reinforcement eZ Styrene (Drain Pipe) cL Cente Line oa Daneier 4 ne a ‘EDD or REO_Remuired or Requirement ‘ADT Adjuable a6. ing ous. Diagonal = Re Ree tiga a Adhesive cuKG Cauking oT Double Tose ae eo Raps nF ‘Above Finished Roorlabove CNTR Cire Dose Joist = wan Rev Reverse _sub-flaor) or CTR. Down MAX. a Sa AGG Aggregate cu. Concrete Masonry Unt ‘Dimension or Omer ae mH ght Hand Ashi Aspe car Capacity Dring Room or Door rm a Aight Hond Reverse APPROX —_—_Approxin CANT Cantever Dishwasher a ic ™ oom = ACH Avehteewal (SMT Casement Window poate acing (do) 5S inated Si "0 ough Opering @ At ce Catch Basin. DH or DKW Double Hung Window suns eel fa ow. Right of Way AUTO Automate ck Ceramic bs Dunnspout iemmmerepes venient 0 ound BAL — oo Cloanout oF Damppoot ais. ood One Side Mix 50 Board A Colt it oR — Dar 280168 Good Two Ses or Good Sold MLOG Moulding 85 Bache or Baca ra Carton Monaide Decor WS Dowels on mare maker = ‘BLOG. Building cw Cold Water Dor DR Drain 1B Hose Bib ‘oD ‘Modu eat, sr Bat CLG or GOS. Closet ow Din Waste Vent System 108 Harbord Pa Mogapascal $8 Sold Wood Bearing BRS cou Column ows Drawing a ‘HOW. Hardw Nn ‘North ‘SCNorSCR Screen BPLorBPL_ COMB. Combination D Dyer HOW Wardwoos Nos, Nosing s0 Sade on cont Coen ——— 00 it repeats, same as) wma Hester ne Not in Gx sect Seetion ar Secvona BUR or BIXG. Black or Blocing caw Compete with Drywall tee re ine anise sil BUR Bier coMP_Campesiton Dypiata ik HotAir Net atria SERY___— Seren Rs Brass CONC. Concrete fest ics ieee fetermaychangetwidiente SHLP inep ROG Bridging COND Condut Fach : Avearaunieg rovnes og. 080—Ortro—sur er SH Sheet one Bron CONST Consructon Fs en End iow Hor Water ee ——§ aire ting BC or BAM Broom Goset CONT Coninwous Fa Each Fee si Hot Weter Heater —62 UNDERSTANDING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FOR HOUSING AND SI TABLE 4.1 (continued) SMALL BUILDINGS SHWE Stomer TerTHERMDThomowat w ‘with si Smile 1 Toilet w wth West We Wee, Siding —SCTontR Tend Wis lange Beam Sar ‘Shotf and Pok ew Top of Basement Wall WAIN or WSCT Wainseot ‘SPF ‘Spruce, Pine, Fir (grading ——_—Bianation. a ‘Water Closat_ SPE spaietons T_T sist SP orSPR Sora ri Wes ean ype Lar us Under “Wat Heater or Waepha uF Underside of Footing Woalin Closet oEn i oval ‘Waterproot or Weatheroroot EC aoe Water Resistant oa Welded Wo Flange v8 Vapour Ba ‘atte Wee Mesh ven 186 Tongue ond Groove vs AREER iE OE Ta___Taaphone Ving Te TR Teraz HATCHINGS AND SYMBOLS Hatchings and symbols are a simple way to iden- tify materials and products used in the project. Hatchings Standardized hatchings are used to identify mate- rials such as concrete, brick, wood, steel, and insulation. The hatching may differ depending on the type of drawing and may not be shown for the whole object. As well, some designers may vary the appearance of the hatching. Standardized hatchings are shown in Figure 4.3. Symbols Symbols indicate objects on the drawings and are used extensively by the mechanical and electrical sub-trades to indicate plumbing fixtures, ducts, fixtures, lights, switches, outlets, etc. Some ‘common symbols are identified in Figure 4.4. FIGURE 4.2 Upper left comer section of floor plan drawing indicating brick, insulation, and ceramic tile uw ew eee lgaexe [CHAPTER 4 AGEREVATIONS, HATCHING, SYMBOLS, CONSTRUCTION NOTES AND DETAIL DRAVUINGS FIGURE 4.3 Hatchings ‘RK MASONRY CUT STONE MASONRY [ARTIFICIAL STONE MASONRY MaRaLe cconcrere REINFORCED CONCRETE ‘CONCRETE OR CINDER BLOCK ceramic THe ‘GENERAL LOCATON BRANGS “ASSENELY ORAWINGS ‘Scale iv On nee PLAN & SECTION ELEVATION PLAN & SECTION CLA LL, a, EEE, fren en a suman Xt momar 7 Terie oe ave ano p7aretaaaMe | 6364 —_UNDeASTaNDING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FOR HOUSING AND SMALL BUILDINGS FIGURE 4.3 (continued) TenRazzo cuss Woon FRAMING wooo (FiNisHED) FIGIO INSULATION [BATTINSULATION, ‘STRUCTURAL STEEL BRONZE, RASS, COPPER, BIASSOCIATED ALLOWS, ‘AuMINUM, Seed EE Ste tors naa ranrasecnen crm rasasecTEN r | Tosere He ‘ = L 1 serra See, \ FOR ALTERATION WORK YoORNETONArCN pee Y)) V)) = — | =o = — | ae = cf Wa ieretnir re ei — er a ‘aa CHAPTER 4 ABBREVATIONS, HATCHNGS, SYMBOLS, CONSTRUCTION NOTES, AND DETAIL DRAWINGS FIGURE 4.3 (continued) EARTH GRAVEL FLL CINDER Of SLAG FLL FRE Brick Pywoon ‘ouass BLock NATURAL STONE ~ Fle Rae FIELD STONE, ETC SAND, FLL PLASTER, ‘GYPSUM BOARD, & CEMENT ‘GENERA, TOSRTON BRANGE 7TSSEMELY ORATGS PLAN & SECTION ELEVATION PLAN & SECTION & eee {LLL ooo —=" ry pai taoo poo ot 65UNDERSTANDING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FOR HOUSING ANO SMALL BULDINGS. FIGURE 4.4 Symbols ° eee0eee8 e@eee8 oO © 6666966686 outer BLANKED OUTLET DOP conD, ELECTAIC OUTLET F CONFUSION, \WaTH OTHER SYMBOLS POSSIBLE FAN OUTLET JUNCTION BOX. LampnowneR Lawpuoupen wir PULL SWITCH PULL SWITCH ‘OUTLET FoR varOUR DISCHARGE LAMP EXITUIGHT OUTLET cock outer DUPLEX RECEPTACLE SINGLE, TRIPLEX RECEPTACLE SPLIT-SWITCHED-DUPLEX RECEPTACLE TwREE.conoucToR SPLIT DUPLEX RECEPTACLE BETS weavowncrcrc merce oman nooner cesoura sca sesener FLUORESCENT FIXTURE SINGLE POLE SWrTCH DOUBLE PoLe swrcH “THREE Way swrTCH FOUR-WAY SWITCH ‘urontaTic o00R swircH LECTROUER SWITCH EV-OPERATED SWITCH SWITCH 8 PILOT LAMP CIRCUIT BREAKER WEATHERPROOF CIRCUIT BREAKER ‘MOMENTARY CONTACT SWATCH FEMOTE:CONTROL SWITCH \WeATHERPROOE SWITCH ruseo swe WEATHERPROOF FUSED SWITCH SPECIAL SWITCH OR CIRCUIT BREAKER LUGHTING PANE. POWER PANEL, ‘BRANCH CIRCUIT IN CEILING OR WAL ‘BRANCH CIRCUITIN FLOOR EXPOSED BRANCH CIRCUIT HOME RUN TO PANELBOARD UNDERFLOOR OUCT 8 JUNCTION BOX GENERATOR oron INSTRUMENT POWER TRANSFORMER conrmoun ISOLATING SWITCH (CHAPTER 4 ABBREVATIONS, HATCHINGS, SYMBOLS, CONSTRUCTION NOTES, AND DETALORAWINGS OT FIGURE 4.4 (continued) PUSHBUTTON suzzeR pat ANNUNCIATOR INTERCONNECTING TELEPHONE ‘TELEPHONE SWITCHBOARD BELL RINGING TRANSFORMER, Beané¢qaa ELECTRIC DOOR OPENER FIRE ALARM, FIRE ALARM STATION CITY FRE ALARM STATION FIRE ALARM CENTRAL STATION AUTOMATICFIRE ALARM DEVICE WATCHMAN'S STATION. a u w B a ica wareiaws centr sanion a on a unses StonaL US a as sionaL Lue a foi ount = SIGNAL CENTRAL STATION o wvreRcoNNEcToN Box aH eareny === auruany syste orcums ‘SPECIAL AUXIUARY OUTLETS Hise CABLE exroseD conourr ‘CONOUM, HOME RUN ‘UNDERFLOOR DUCT & JUNCTION Box ‘CONDUIT RISER SER SLEEVE Loon OUTLET BOX CHUNG OUTLET Box Wau ourLer 80x PRIMARY ENTRANCE LOCATION tmury couumn BACKBOARD METAL WALL CABINET SWITCHBOARD PULLBOK ‘TRENCH HEADER FEED ON UNDERFLOOR DUCT SrSTEM HEADER ouCT WrTH ACCESS UNIT ON UwoeRFLooR Duct S¥stene6B ——_ UNDERSTANDING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FOR HOUSING AND SMALL BULDINGS FIGURE 4.4 (continued) 3o Tore Ou SOIL & WASTE ‘SOM, WASTE, OR LEADER BELOW GRADE vent cow waren wor waren FLOOR OR ROOF DRAIN RAINWATER LEADER SOIL STACK GREASE INTERCEPTER SERVICE SINK vrinas WATER CLOSET WITH TANK |WATER CLOSET, FLUSH VALVE TYPE iver eareTue sHoweR cou sHoweR FARE HYDRANT SIAMESE CONNECTION ose ae SMOKE DETECTOR DIRECTION OF LOW DDRECTION OF PIE SLOPE HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM {OW- PRESSURE STEAM, HIGH-PRESSURE RETURN Low-Paessune RETURN SUPER-HEATED STEAM [UNTREATED STEAM OT WATER HEATING SUPPLY HOT WATER HEATING RETURN AN TYPE OF SUPPLY Avr RETURN GATE VAWE SER, SUPPLY & RETURN eusow vee ‘YCONNECTION FECESSED CONVECTOR RADIATOR SURFACE MOUNTED CONVECTOR convecron DUCT OIRECTION OF FLOW ‘supe. OUCT IN SECTION ‘ETURN DUCT SECTION FIRE OAMPER ‘ACCESS DOOR CONSTRUCTION NOTES W notes are usually found on the first or last page of the drawings. They denote more specific information about the structural requirements Jor the materials used and their placement in the project. This information would be too cumber- ‘jome to place on the actual drawings; instead, fumbered reference indicators are shown on the iirowings at the most descriptive location. A hexagon and reference number is commonly \iwed for this purpose. FIGURE 4.5 Hexagon and reference number If the reference symbol cannot be placed lose to the object itis representing, a leader line may be used to indicate the area or object. When Interpreting the drawings, readers can view the symbol on the drawings and then refer to the appropriate number on the construction notes. Soe Figure 4.6 for an example. FIGURE 4.6 Close-up of floor plan indicating hex figure with jeader line taken from Doncaster first-loor plan kitchen area 6 gf ue a = PF] > KITCHEN. osx 98" Oeerrioe ae sao Bi = (ona “PF 7 I ey oO 280 (6) In Figure 4.6 readers would note the 3 refer- ence number and the reference 44 inside the hexagon symbol and refer to the notes under numbers 3 and 44, which state: CHAPTER 4 ABBREVIATIONS, HATCHINGS, SYMBOLS, CONSTRUCTION NOTES, AND DETML DRAWINGS = GD (2 6 Studs) 90 mm (4") OR 75 mm (3") FACE BRICK, 25 mm (1 AIR SPACE, 22 180 x 0.76 mm (7/8" x 1” x 22. ga) METAL TIES @ 400 mm (16") 0.C. HORIZ. 600 mm (24") 0.C. VERTICAL, 0.7 kg/m? (No. 15) BUILDING PAPER, 12.7 MM (1/2") EXTERIOR TYPE SHEATHING (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED), 38 x 140 (2 x 6) STUDS @ 400 mm (16") 0.C., RSI 3.25 (R19) BATT INSULATION AND 6 Mil AIR/VAPOUR BARRIER, 12.7 mm (1/2°) INT. DRYWALL FINISH. PROVIDE WEEP HOLES @ ")0.C, HORIZ. ONLY & OVER OPENINGS, PROVIDE BASE FLASHING UP MIN. 150 mm (6") BEHIND SHEATHING PAPER. ©) CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS AS PER NOTES 2, 3, 40, 42 EXCEPT AS PER THE FOLLOWING NOTES. INSULATION WITH A MASS OF 0.032 kg/m? PER 1 mm OF THICKNESS AND 12.7 mm (1/2") ‘TYPE ‘X’ INT, DRYWALL FINISH. 12M The above references provide all the detailed information regarding the wall, listing the wall components beginning from the outside face and naming the components in order from out side to inside face in reference 3. Recall in Chapter 3 that production builders use the same drawings a number of times, whi results in varying directional locations and set- backs for the buildings. Reference 44 provides important information regarding fire-resistance ratings and requires changes to the wall speciti- cation when the wall is located closer than 1.2m to the property line (known as limiting distance). The wall will look similar to Figure 4.7 when viewed in section. Notice the hatchings used to indicate the face brick, building paper, sheathing, insulation, vapour/air barrier, and drywall. Also notice the air space is shown in this section view70 UNDERSTANDING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FOR HOUSING AND SMALL BULDINGS FIGURE 4.7 Example of hatchings used for a wall section; ‘these help the reader to quickly and graphically visualize information from the drawings. Brick Building — Paper Exterior anet Sheathing Fiberglass Prvaall Insulation but not shown in the plan view. This is common practice due to the small scale of the floor-plan drawings and not being able to effectively dis- play a small space. DETAIL DRAWINGS Detail drawings display more detailed informa- tion about the object they represent. They are typically but not always drawn at a larger scale than floor plans and elevation drawings. The fol- lowing is a brief list of types of detail drawings you may encounter: + Sex + Wall sections (Figures 4.8 and 4.9) n details including: + Awall section is a section view cut through the wall in order to display the materials used, and their place- ment within the wall. There is usually a cutting-plane line drawn on the floor plan that indicates where the section of the wall is being viewed from and in which direction the view is facing. + Figure 4.8 illustrates a wall section of a wood frame house, and Figure 4.9 illustrates a wall section of a wood frame house with brick veneer. While some of the materials and finishes used may vary, these sections illus- trate the materials and their placement for the two most common methods of constructing houses in Canada, + In the examples viewed in Figures 4.8 and 4.9 you can determine that this is a wall section of a single-storey house with a full basement. The basemer Figure 4.8 is insulated from floor to ceiling, and the foundation consists of ‘a poured concrete footing with blocks being used for the foundation wall. The wall consists of 2 x 6 construction with siding used as the exterior finish. The roof is constructed with rafters and ceiling joists. Figure 4.9 is similar except that it uses a brick veneer for the exterior finish and the insulation is only used on part of the basement wall. Some provinces require full height basement insulation. + From Figures 48 and 4.9 note the hatchings that are used for the: + Insulation + Block + Concrete footing + Wood plates + Fascia + Sub-floor + Gravel + Grade + Brick veneer + Foundation section (Figure 4.10) + This section provides information specifically about the foundation. In ‘igure 4.9 the foundation encloses an. unheated crawl space. This design requires that the first floor must be insulated. The insulation is installed between the floor joists. + Porch and stair section (Figure 4.11) + The section used in Figure 4.11 dis- plays cross-sectional views of an ext rior solid masonry porch. + The floor plan on top indicates two cutting-plane lines A and B. Section A below is the detailed section of cutting- plane A shown above; notice the direc- tion that the cutting-plane line is pointing and how it matches Section A shown below. + Section A displays a cross-sectional view taken right through the top slab and stairs of the porch. + Section B indicates the composition of the walls of the porch. + The reinforcing bars are displayed as a grid in the plan view and as dark circles and dark lines in the section view. More information regarding the placement (CHAPTER 4 ABBREVATIONS, MATCHINGS, SYMBOLS, CONSTRUCTION NOTES, AND DETAL DRAWINGS FIGURE 4.8 Wood frame wall section detail Wnt WY di SAUNAS my72 UNDERSTANDING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FOR HOUSING AND SMALL BULOWSS (CHAPTER ABBREVIATIONS HATCHING, SYMOLS, CONSTRUCTION NOTES AND ETAL ORAWINGS = 73 FIGURE 4.9 FIGURE 4.10 Wall section detail of brick veneer Heated and unheated crawl space SEM ERAS eee ee S| \eeeeeer EEO ie space le Pees earn | serene earrmea, WG SER FE AE wc srnce rae RESELL74 —__UNDERSTANOING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FOR HOUSING AND SMALL BUILDINGS FIGURE 4.11 Conerete porch; notice use of cutting-plane lines and detail designation references A and B BaEse an er —— 45 (CHAPTER 4 ABBREVIATIONS, HATCHINGS, SYMBOLS, CONSTRUCTION NOTES. AND DETALORAWNGS = 7B. and coverage of the reinforcing bars can be found in the general notes at the bottom of the drawing page. + Whole building section + Figure 4.12 displays a cross-sectional view of the Doncaster house. The floor plans found at the back of the book have cutting-plane lines that indicate where the section is taken and in which direction the section is facing The designer has made extensive use of reference notes to indicate that more information can be found by referring to these numbers on the con- struction notes. + Detailed sections may be drawn for a variety of structural elements such as beams, lintels, roof intersections, etc. Figure 4.13 shows three section details indicating how a solid masonry garage addition can tie into an existing two-storey house. + Section view 1 displays the intersee- tion into a wood frame house. The roof is fastened to the house using a ledger nailed to the existing stud wall FIGURE 4.12 Doncaster house section + Section view 2 displays the intersec- tion into a brick veneer house. This detail requires a close look because the brick on a brick veneer house non-load-bearing. Non-load-bearing means that the brick is designed to support only its own weight, not the weight of other parts of the structure, such as the roof. In this case, the rafters are cut through the veneer and tied into the existing wall at 4" inter- vals. The extended rafters are nailed to the existing studs and supported on jack studs. The rest of the rafters run between the extended rafters, sup: ported by headers that run between the extended rafters. The above termi- nology will become more clear to you ‘once you study Chapters 7, 8, and 9, floor, wall, and roof framing chapters. * Section view 3 displays the intersec- tion of the roof into a solid masonry house. A solid masonry house is gen- erally built from either solid brick (2 courses or wythes in width) or a com- bination of brick and block (brick on7 —_ UNDERSTANDING CONSTRUCTION DRAWANSS FOR HOUSING AND SPALL BUILDINGS FIGURE 4.13 Solid masonry outer wall for garage addition with three examples of attaching roof to an existing house depending on house construction [frame, brick veneer, or solid masonry) ps2 (@)S0h12 MASONRY SECTION Ye A una is @ season wake ‘CHAPTER 4 AGBREWATIONS, KATCHINGS, SYMEOLS, CONSTRUCTION NOTES. AND DETAR DRAWINGS 77 the outside with block used as a backup). These walls are considered load bearing, so in this case the roof can be fastened directly to the wall using a wood ledger fastened by lag bolts and shields. Detailed elevation views may also be used to provide information that cannot be found on floor plans alone. For example: + Kitchen elevations can display information regarding the number of drawers in a cab- inet, the swing of cabinet doors, the height of cabinets, etc. + Bathroom elevations can display informa- tion regarding the layout of ceramic tile and borders, as well as cabinet and shower details. + Elevations for rooms requiring special details such as a study or dining room indicate where shelving or panelling is located. KEY TERMS Definitions for key terms app. sary at the end of the text. Abbreviation (p. 59) Benchmark (p. 59) Construction notes (p. 59) Legend (p. 58) Hatching (p. 62) ‘Symbol (p. 62) Hexagon and reference number (p. 69) Detail drawings (p. 70) Non-load-bearing (p. 75) Wythe (p. 75) in the glos-78 —_UNoERANOWG CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FR HOUSING AND SMALL BULONS CHAPTER 4 7. This hatching represents ASSIGNMENT: ABBREVIATIONS, V HATCHINGS, AND /\| SYMBOLS ‘Answer the questions below using the abbrevia- ‘a. Dimensional lumber seen in plan or tions, hatchings, and symbols pages as a refer- section view ence. Identify the letter that best completes the b. Dimensional lumber seen in elevation statement or answers the question. hc RaSee ee nea 41. The letter R when used as an abbreviation & All oftheshove oro 8. This hatching represents _ a. Riser b. Radius c. Right d. All of the above 2. The abbreviation for ditto (repeats) is a. Sand and pravel b. Gravel aeon ©. Reinforced concrete Bap 4. None of the above oie 9. This hatching represents d. None of the above 3, The abbreviation used to identify a double ‘foo joles a. Awood stud wall a SDES b. Brick in plan view ee . Asteel iron pipe cree Dae ess 4d. None of the above ict ettone ates oove 10. This hatching represents 4. The abbreviation PR stands for a. Powder room b. Principle riser c. Place to the right d. None of the above 5. This hatching represents " a, Insulation b. Grade c 4. ensional lumber None of the above 6. This hatching represents Tn i a. Fibreglass insulation b. Rigid insulation ©. Plywood d. Oriented strand board a b, 4. aese TI EAANVvvesNg Rigid insulation . Dimension lumber viewed in elevation Fibreglass insulation None of the above The symbol shown below refers to a Ors Faucet and pull-valve switch Fire alarm pull station Lampholder with a pull switch |. None of the above ‘he symbol shown below refers to a a mi b. 4. (CHAPTER 4 ABBFEVATIONS, HATCHING, SYMBOLS, CONSTRUCTION NOTES, AND OETAL ORAWINGS = 7, Refrigerator outlet Duplex receptacle Split receptacle None of the above The symbol shown below refers to a = Refrigerator outlet Duplex receptacle Stove receptacle None of the above . The symbol shown below refers to a in a. Hose bib b. Gas hookup connection c. High benchmark d. None of the above 18. The symbol shown below refers to a ® Shielded outlet, ‘Smoke detector Sump pump None of the above