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Weightage in JEE Main 2023 (Jan)
Chapter Average Marks Total No. of Questions
(in a given paper) (All 12 papers jan ttempt)
Limits and Derivatives 4 11

AOD 4.5 14
Integration 8.7 26
Differential Equations 4 12
Limits
(1) L Hospital Rule
(2) Factorization Method
(3) Rationalization Method: This is normally used when either numerator or
denominator or both involve square roots.
(4) limit when x tends to infinity : Just take biggest terms in numerator &
denominator common
(5) Trigonometric limits: We have standard results 18
(6) Logarithmic and exponential limits: We have standard result
(7) Form (1)∞ : We have standard result

Hence we have indeterminate forms,
(Here 0 is denoting a function tending to zero, similarly ∞ & 1 are denoting

functions tending to ∞ & 1 respectively).
In all indeterminate forms, we may only calculate limiting values.
Exact value at x = a is not defined.

Q
If exists then a =____
A 10
B 15
C 1
D 2
Q
If exists then a =____
A 10
B 15
C 1
D 2
Solution:
Given,
Then,
L-Hospital Rule
Q
Evaluate:
A 1
B -1
C 2
D 0
Q
Evaluate:
A 1
B -1
C 2
D 0
Solution:
JEE Main 27th July 2021, S-1
Q Let f : R → R be a function such that f(2) = 4 and
f’(2) = 1. Then, the value of
A 4
B 8
C 16
D 12
Q Let f : R → R be a function such that f(2) = 4 and
f’(2) = 1. Then, the value of
A 4
B 8
C 16
D 12
Solution:
JEE Main 28th June 2022, S-2
Q
If , then
the value of (a - b) is equal to

Q
If , then
the value of (a - b) is equal to
Answer: 11
Solution:
Infinity Limits
Q Evaluating the following:
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
JEE Main 25th Jan 2023, S-1
Q The value of
D
Q The value of
D
Solution:
Trigonometric Limits
Logarithmic limits
Exponential limits
Q
Evaluate the following:
Solution:
Given,
IIT 1999
Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Q
The value of is
A 0
B 4
C -4
D -1
Q
The value of is
A 0
B 4
C -4
D -1
Solution:
JEE Main 17th March 2021, S-2
Q
The value of the limit is
C 0
D
Q
The value of the limit is
C 0
D
Solution:
Limits using Expansion Series
Q Evaluate the following limits using expansions:
Q Evaluate the following limits using expansions:
Solution:
Q
If , where 𝛼, 𝛽,
𝛾 ∈ R, then which of the following is NOT
correct?
A ⍺2 + β2 + γ2 = 6
B ⍺β + βγ + γ⍺ + 1 = 0
C ⍺β2 + βγ2 + γ⍺2 + 3 = 0
D ⍺2 - β2 + γ2 = 4
Q
If , where 𝛼, 𝛽,
𝛾 ∈ R, then which of the following is NOT
correct?
A ⍺2 + β2 + γ2 = 6
B ⍺β + βγ + γ⍺ + 1 = 0
C ⍺β2 + βγ2 + γ⍺2 + 3 = 0
D ⍺2 - β2 + γ2 = 4
Solution:
Now,
Form (1)∞
Result
where f(x) ➝ 0 & g(x) ➝ ∞ when x ➝ a

Q
A a = 1, b = 2
B a = 1, b ∈ R
C a ∈ R, b = 2
D a ∈ R, b ∈ R
Q
A a = 1, b = 2
B a = 1, b ∈ R
C a ∈ R, b = 2
D a ∈ R, b ∈ R
Solution:
JEE Main 2020
Q
Evaluate the following:
Solution:
NOTE: Whenever the function under consideration has one of the following
traits, always check RHL & LHL for existence of limit.
(a) It has , [.], {.} or mod
(b) Its piecewise defined
(c) It has and x 🠆 0
Q
_____ ; [.] ➝ GIF, {.} ➝ FPF
A -1
B 4
D None of these
Q
_____ ; [.] ➝ GIF, {.} ➝ FPF
A -1
B 4
D None of these
Solution:
Given,
Since
Thus limit does not exist

Q Let a be an integer such that
exists, where [t] is greatest integer ≤ t. Then a is

equal to:
A -6
B -2
C 2
D 6
Q Let a be an integer such that
exists, where [t] is greatest integer ≤ t. Then a is

equal to:
A -6
B -2
C 2
D 6
Solution:
Formats 0 × ∞, ∞0 and 00
Q Evaluate the following limits:
Solution:
Given,
Applying L'Hospital rule

Remark
where f(x) ⟶ 0+ as x ⟶ a
Solution:
Given,
Differentiation
● Chain rule
● Differentiation of Implicit Function
● Parametric Differentiation
● Differentiation of Function w.r.t. Another Function
● Logarithmic Differentiation
● Higher order derivative problems
● Newton Leibnitz formula
Standard Derivatives
Chain rule
Observation
Q The value of at
is equal to:
C -4
D 4
Q The value of at
is equal to:
C -4
D 4
Solution:
Observation
(i)
(ii)
(ii)
Observation
(i)
(ii)
(ii)
Remark
Whenever we have to find derivative of g(x) where g(x) is inverse of
y = f(x) then use that: f(g(x)) = x and then differentiate.
JEE Main 2014
Q If g is the inverse of a function f and

then g’(x) is equal to:
B 1 + {g(x))}5
C 1 + x5
D 5x4
JEE Main 2014
Q If g is the inverse of a function f and

then g’(x) is equal to:
B 1 + {g(x))}5
C 1 + x5
D 5x4
Solution:
Differentiation of Implicit Function
Consider f(x, y) = 0. We can find
Method 1: Directly differentiate w.r.t x and collect terms

containing and hence find
Method 2:
Q
Find if x + y = sin (xy)
Solution:
JEE Main 26th Aug 2021, S-1
Q If y = y(x) is an implicit function of x such that
loge(x + y) = 4xy, then at x = 0 is equal to

JEE Main 26th Aug 2021, S-1
Q If y = y(x) is an implicit function of x such that
loge(x + y) = 4xy, then at x = 0 is equal to
Ans: 40
Solution:
Parametric Differentiation
If y = f(t) and x = g(t), then
JEE Main 2019
Q If x = 3 tan t and y = 3 sec t, then the value of
at
D
JEE Main 2019
Q If x = 3 tan t and y = 3 sec t, then the value of
at
D
Solution:
Differentiation of a Function with Respect to
another Function
JEE Main 05th Sep 2020, S-2
Q The derivative of with
respect to at is
D
JEE Main 05th Sep 2020, S-2
Q The derivative of with
respect to at is
D
Solution:
Solution:
Logarithmic Differentiation
Q
Find if: y = xx
Solution:
Q
Solution:
Higher Order Derivative Problems
Q If y = emx(ax + b) then prove that:
D
Q If y = emx(ax + b) then prove that:
D
Solution:
Q
If f(x) = x3 - x2 f’(1) + xf”(2) - f”’(3), x ∈ R, then
A 3f(1) + f(2) = f(3)
B f(3) - f(2) = f(1)
C 2f(0) - f(1) + f(3) = f(2)
D f(1) + f(2) + f(3) = f(0)

Q
If f(x) = x3 - x2 f’(1) + xf”(2) - f”’(3), x ∈ R, then
A 3f(1) + f(2) = f(3)
B f(3) - f(2) = f(1)
C 2f(0) - f(1) + f(3) = f(2)
D f(1) + f(2) + f(3) = f(0)

Solution:
f(x) = x3 - x2 f’(1) + x f”(2) - f”’(3), x ∈ R

Let f’(1) = a, f”(2) = b, f”(3) = c
f(x) = x3 - ax2 + bx - c
f’(x) = 3x2 - 2ax + b
f”(x) = 6x - 2a
f”’(x) = 6
c = 6, a = 3, b = 6
f(x) = x3 - 3x2 + 6x - 6
f(1) = -2, f(2) = 2, f(3) = 12, f(0) = -6
2f(0) - f(1) + f(3) = 2 = f(2)
Newton Leibnitz formula
Q Evaluate:
Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Given,
Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Applications of
derivatives
● Tangent & Normal
● Mean Value Theorems
● Increasing and decreasing function
● Maxima and Minima
Tangents and Normals
We have majorly 3 varieties
Equation of tangent and normal at a given point on the curve
Equation of tangent and normal having given slope
Equation of tangent and normal through external point.

JEE Main 2019
Q The tangent to the curve passing

through the point (1, e) also passes through the
point
A (2, 3e)
C (3, 6e)
D
JEE Main 2019
Q The tangent to the curve passing

through the point (1, e) also passes through the
point
A (2, 3e)
C (3, 6e)
D
Solution:
Q The tangent to the curve 3xy2 − 2x2y = 1 at (1, 1)
meets the curve again at the point-
D
Q The tangent to the curve 3xy2 − 2x2y = 1 at (1, 1)
meets the curve again at the point-
D
Solution:
Solution:
Q
Find equation of normal to y = x3 - 3x, which is
parallel to 2x + 18y = 9.
Solution:
Solution:
Q
Find the equation of the normal to the curve
x2 = 4y, which passes through the point (1, 2)
Solution:
Solution:
Angle of Intersection between two curves
Angle of Intersection between two curves
m1 = f’(x1)
m2 = g’(x1)
Where (x1, y1) is point of intersection of two
curves
⇒ Condition of orthogonality: m1m2 = -1

JEE Main 01st Sep 2021, S-2
Q Let θ be the acute angle between the tangents
to the ellipse and the circle
x2 + y2 = 3 at their point of intersection in the first

quadrant. Then tan θ is equal to:
D 2
JEE Main 01st Sep 2021, S-2
Q Let θ be the acute angle between the tangents
to the ellipse and the circle
x2 + y2 = 3 at their point of intersection in the first

quadrant. Then tan θ is equal to:
D 2
Solution:
_
JEE Main 2018
Q
If the curves y2 = 6x, 9x2 + by2 = 16 intersect each
other at right angles, then the value of b is
A 6
C 4
D
JEE Main 2018
Q
If the curves y2 = 6x, 9x2 + by2 = 16 intersect each
other at right angles, then the value of b is
A 6
C 4
D
Solution:
Length of tangent, normal, subtangent &
subnormal
PT = Length of tangent
PN = Length of normal
TG = Length of subtangent
GN = Length of subnormal = |y1 m|
Where, P(x1, y1)
θ
T G N
Mean value Theorems
Rolle’s theorem
If y = f(x) is a function such that:
(i) its continuous in [a, b]
(ii) its differentiable in (a, b)
(iii) f(a) = f(b)
then there exists c ∈ (a, b) such that f’(c) = 0 i.e., f’(x) = 0 has at
least one root in (a, b)
Mean value Theorems
Lagrange’s theorem
If a function y = f(x) satisfies

(i) f(x) is continuous in [a, b]
(ii) f(x) is differentiable in (a, b)
Then there exist c ∈ (a, b) such that
Q
For a continuous and differentiable function f(x),
if f(1) = 3, find minimum value of f(5), if f’(x) ≥ 2
Solution:
Q Let f be any function continuous on [a, b] and

twice differentiable on (a, b). If for all x ∊ (a, b),
f'(x) > 0 and f"(x) < 0, then for any c ∊ (a, b),
is greater than
A 1
D
Q Let f be any function continuous on [a, b] and

twice differentiable on (a, b). If for all x ∊ (a, b),
f'(x) > 0 and f"(x) < 0, then for any c ∊ (a, b),
is greater than
A 1
D
Solution:
Increasing and Decreasing functions
Definition
f(x) is said to be strictly increasing over an interval [a, b] if:
x2 > x1 ⇒ f(x2) > f(x1), ∀ x1, x2 ∈ [a, b]
While it is said to be increasing (or non-decreasing) if:
x2 > x1 ⇒ f(x2) ≥ f(x1), ∀ x1, x2 ∈ [a, b]

Interval of Increase and Decrease
For a differentiable function:
(1) f’(x) ≥ 0 ⇒ f(x) is strictly increasing

(provided the points for which f’ (x) = 0 do not form an interval)
(2) f’(x) ≤ 0 ⇒ f(x) is strictly decreasing
(provided the points for which f’(x) = 0 do not form an interval)
Q
The function f(x) = xex (1 - x), x ∈ R, is
A Increasing in
B Decreasing in
C Increasing in
D Decreasing in
Q
The function f(x) = xex (1 - x), x ∈ R, is
A Increasing in
B Decreasing in
C Increasing in
D Decreasing in
Solution:
IIT - JEE - 2008 Paper - 2
Q Let the function be
given by Then, g is
Even and is strictly

A increasing in (0, ∞)
Odd and is strictly

B decreasing in (−∞, ∞)
Odd and is strictly

C increasing in (−∞, ∞)
Neither even nor odd, but is

D strictly increasing in (−∞, ∞)
Q Let the function be
given by Then, g is
Even and is strictly

A increasing in (0, ∞)
Odd and is strictly

B decreasing in (−∞, ∞)
Odd and is strictly

C increasing in (−∞, ∞)
Neither even nor odd, but is

D strictly increasing in (−∞, ∞)
Solution:
Q
decreases for all real values of x then
A a<1
B a>1
D
Q
decreases for all real values of x then
A a<1
B a>1
D
Solution:
∀x
∀x
Q Let f: R → R and g : R → R be two functions defined by
f(x) = loge(x2 + 1) - e-x + 1 and Then,
for which of the following range of ⍺, the inequality
A (2, 3)
B (-2, -1)
C (1, 2)
D (-1, 1)
Q Let f: R → R and g : R → R be two functions defined by
f(x) = loge(x2 + 1) - e-x + 1 and Then,
for which of the following range of ⍺, the inequality
A (2, 3)
B (-2, -1)
C (1, 2)
D (-1, 1)
Solution:
Solution:
Q The number of real solutions of

x7 + 5x3 + 3x + 1 = 0 is equal to_____.
A 0
B 1
C 3
D 5
Q The number of real solutions of

x7 + 5x3 + 3x + 1 = 0 is equal to_____.
A 0
B 1
C 3
D 5
Solution:
Maxima and Minima
Critical Points
It is collection of points where either f’ (x) = 0 or f’ (x) fails to exist
NOTE: It is to be noted that critical points are the interior points of an interval.
Critical points are contenders for giving maxima and minima.
Q The range of a ∈ R for which the function
x ≠ 2n𝜋, n ∈ N, has critical points, is
A (-3, 1)
C [1, ∞)
D (-∞, -1]
Q The range of a ∈ R for which the function
x ≠ 2n𝜋, n ∈ N, has critical points, is
A (-3, 1)
C [1, ∞)
D (-∞, -1]
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
First Derivative Test
For a continuous function:
(a) If f’(x) changes sign about a critical point, then we have maxima or
minima there.
(b) If f’ (x) does not change sign about a critical point, then function does not
have maxima or minima there.
Q If the function e−x f(x) assumes its minima in the
interval [0, 1] at only then which of the

following is true?
D
Q If the function e−x f(x) assumes its minima in the
interval [0, 1] at only then which of the

following is true?
D
Solution:
Q Let the function f(x) = 2x3 + (2p - 7) x2 + 3(2p - 9)x - 6

have a maxima for some value of x < 0 and a minima
for some value of x > 0. Then, the set of all values of p
is
D
Q Let the function f(x) = 2x3 + (2p - 7) x2 + 3(2p - 9)x - 6

have a maxima for some value of x < 0 and a minima
for some value of x > 0. Then, the set of all values of p
is
D
Solution:
Double Derivative Test
If f’(x) = 0 at x = a, then
(1) f”(a) > 0 ⇒ f(x) has local minima at x = a
(2) f”(a) < 0 ⇒ f(x) has local maxima at x = a
Remark
If f’(a) = 0 and also f”(a) = 0 then Double Derivative Test is inconclusive.

Global Extreme Values
Q The largest value of 2x3 - 3x2 - 12x + 5 for
-2 ≤ x ≤ 4 occurs at x =
A -2
B -1
C 2
D 4
Q The largest value of 2x3 - 3x2 - 12x + 5 for
-2 ≤ x ≤ 4 occurs at x =
A -2
B -1
C 2
D 4
Solution:
JEE Main 01st Feb 2023, S-2
Q The sum of the absolute maximum and

minimum values of the function
f(x) = |x2 - 5x + 6| - 3x + 2 in the interval [-1, 3] is
equal to:
A 10
B 12
C 13
D 24
JEE Main 01st Feb 2023, S-2
Q The sum of the absolute maximum and

minimum values of the function
f(x) = |x2 - 5x + 6| - 3x + 2 in the interval [-1, 3] is
equal to:
A 10
B 12
C 13
D 24
Solution:
Max = 17
Min = -7
Indefinite Integration
1. Standard Integrals
2. Integration by substitution
3. Integration of various algebraic forms
4. Integration by Partial Fractions
5. Integration by Parts
6. Trigonometric formats
Some Standard Integrals
Below is the list of some integrals which we know by our knowledge of
differentiation.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(!7)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Here x + 2x = 3x
Applying tan on both sides
tan(x + 2x) = tan 3x
Q
is equal to (where C is an
arbitrary constant)
D
Q
is equal to (where C is an
arbitrary constant)
D
Solution:
Indefinite Integration
Integration by Substitution
Remark
Q Evaluate the following integrals:
Q Evaluate the following integral:
Solution:
Some special cases of substitution
Q
The integral is equal to:
(where C is a constant of integration)
D
Q
The integral is equal to:
(where C is a constant of integration)
D
Solution:
Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Solution:
Some standard algebraic formats
Format 1:
Working strategy: Just complete the square in denominator
Format 2:
Working strategy: Create derivative of quadratic, in the numerator,

Format 3:
Working strategy: Use division algorithm to write P(x) in terms of ax2 + bx + c
Remark
Whenever deg(Nr) ≥ deg (Dr) we use above strategy

Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Solution:
Format 4:
(Even powers of x)
Working strategy: Divide numerator & denominator by x2.

Q
Evaluate:
D None of these
Q
Evaluate:
D None of these
Solution:
Solution:
Partial fractions: In a proper fraction we can represent
Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Let x2 = t
Put t = −2 Put
Solution:
Integration by Parts
Choosing first and second function:
Take that function as first function which comes first in ILATE.

Q
For
then
D
Q
For
then
D
Solution:
II I
At x
Solution:
Remark
We may remember following as results.

Now lets see classic integral, which is very important
Q
Evaluate: (a) (b)
(c)
Q
Evaluate: (a)
Solution:
Q
Evaluate: (b)
Solution:
Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Q
Evaluate:
Remark
Solution:
Here g(x) = tan x ; f(x) = cos x

⇒ g’(x) = sec2 x ; f’(x) = -sin x
Using general version
∴ I = −etan x . cos x + C
Trigonometric Formats
Format-1:
Q Evaluate:
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
Q
Evaluate: (a)
Solution:
Put sin x = t
⇒ cos x dx = dt
Q
Evaluate: (b)
Solution:
Q
Evaluate: (c)
Solution:
Put cos x = t
Q
Evaluate: (d)
Solution:
Solution:
Q
Evaluate: (e)
Solution:
Put tan x = t
Q
Evaluate: (f)
Solution:
Put sec x = t
Format-2:
Working strategy:
Use &
Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Put
Put
⇒
Solution:
Format-3:
(a)
(b)
Working strategy:
(a) Express
(b) Express
Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Let
Equating coefficient both sides we get

Solution:
Solving both we get

Format-4:
Working strategy:
Divide Nr and Dr by cos2 x & put tan x = t
Remark
Basically, when we have even powers of sin x & cos x in addition then we
prefer to divide by some power of cos x to create tan x & sec x.
Q Evaluate:
(a) (b)
Q
Evaluate: (a)
Solution:
Divide Nr and Dr by cos2 x
Put tan x = t
Q
Evaluate: (b)
Solution:
Put tan x = t
Definite Integration
Definite Integration
● Properties of Definite Integrals
● Bounds of Definite Integrals
● Equations in Definite Integrals
● Reduction Formulae
● Walli’s Formula
● Summation of Series using Definite Integration
D
D
Solution:
JEE Adv 2018 Paper - 2
Q The value of the integral

JEE Adv 2018 Paper - 2
Ans: 2.00
Solution:
Solution:
Properties of Definite Integrals
Properties of Definite Integrals
Remark
(a) If f (UL − x) = f (x) or − f (x) , then we use prop (6)
(b) If f (UL − x) is something else, then we try using Prop (4)
For eg:
D
D
Solution:
is
A 2𝜋
B 0
C 𝜋
D
is
A 2𝜋
B 0
C 𝜋
D
Solution:
Put x = -t
Solution:
Q Evaluate the following:
Solution:
Observation
1. where T is the period of the function and n ∈ I.
2. ,n∈I
Observation
3. where T is the period of the function and m, n ∈ I.
4. where T is the period of the function and n ∈ I.

Q
Evaluate:
Solution:
Solution:
Q Let [t] denote the greatest integer less than or

equal to t. Then the value of the integral
D
Q Let [t] denote the greatest integer less than or

equal to t. Then the value of the integral
D
Solution:
Bounds of Definite Integrals
(c)
(d)
Q
Prove the following:
Solution:
Q
Prove that
Solution:
Q Let where f is continuous
function in [0, 3] such that for all
t ∈ [0, 1] and for all t ∈ (1, 3].

The
largest possible interval in which g(3) lies is

A
D [1, 3]
Q Let where f is continuous
function in [0, 3] such that for all
t ∈ [0, 1] and for all t ∈ (1, 3].

The
largest possible interval in which g(3) lies is

A
D [1, 3]
Solution:
Equations in Definite Integrals
Q
B 0
C 1
D
Q
B 0
C 1
D
Solution:
Q Let f be a real valued continuous function on
[0, 1] and Then

which of the following points (x, y) lies on the
curve y = f(x)?
A (2, 4)
B (1, 2)
C (4, 17)
D (6, 8)
Q Let f be a real valued continuous function on
[0, 1] and Then

which of the following points (x, y) lies on the
curve y = f(x)?
A (2, 4)
B (1, 2)
C (4, 17)
D (6, 8)
Solution:
Reduction Formulae
When integrand involves alphabets like m, n, p, q .
Q
Solution:
Q
D
Q
D
Solution:
Walli’s Formula
When applying this formula,
1. 0 is taken as even.
2. In case m or n is 0 or 1, we can simply write 1 as the corresponding
factor.
Q
Q
Solution:
Summation of Infinite Series using Definite Integration
Summation of Infinite Series using Definite Integration
Basically remember it as and .
Lower limit of the integral =
Upper limit of the integral =

Q
D
D
Solution:
Differential Equations
Differential Equations
● Solution of Differential Equations
● First Order and First Degree Differential Equations
● Applications of Differential Equations
Variable Separable Form
If a differential equation can be expressed in the form
f(x)dx + g(y)dy = 0 , then it is said to be in variable separable form.
Q Solve the following differential equations.
Solution:
JEE Main 2020
Q The solution of the differential equation
is (where C is a constant of integration.)
D
JEE Main 2020
Q The solution of the differential equation
is (where C is a constant of integration.)
D
Solution:
Q Let y = f(x) be the solution of the differential

equation y(x + 1)dx - x2 dy = 0, y(1) = e. Then
A e2
B 0
C 1/e2
D 1/e
Q Let y = f(x) be the solution of the differential

equation y(x + 1)dx - x2 dy = 0, y(1) = e. Then
A e2
B 0
C 1/e2
D 1/e
Solution:
Homogeneous Differential Equations
A differential equation of the form where f and g are

homogeneous expressions of the same degree, is called a homogeneous
differential equation.
Working Strategy
This equation is reduced to the form by dividing the numerator

and the denominator by power of x.
Then we put y = vx.
JEE Adv 2013 Paper-1
Q A curve passes through the point Let
the slope of the curve at each point (x, y) be

Then the equation of
the curve is
D
JEE Adv 2013 Paper-1
Q A curve passes through the point Let
the slope of the curve at each point (x, y) be

Then the equation of
the curve is
D
Solution:
Q If the solution curve of the differential equation

passes through the point (2, 1)
and (k + 1, 2), k > 0, then
D
Q If the solution curve of the differential equation

passes through the point (2, 1)
and (k + 1, 2), k > 0, then
D
Solution:
Solution:
Linear Differential Equations and reducible to
Linear Differential Equations
A differential equation is said to be linear if the dependent variable and its
derivative occur in degree 1 only and are not multiplied together.
Let’s take a few examples and understand how to identify it first.
Linear in y and Linear in x and
(where P and Q are functions of x) (where P and Q are functions of y)
Solution is given by Solution is given by
where is called where is called

the integrating factor. the integrating factor.
Now, let’s consider reducible to LDE.
Try to observe that in any equation of the form

Now, let’s consider reducible to LDE.
Try to observe that in any equation of the form
putting f(y) = t will make it LDE.
For example, in the differential equation

Special Case
Bernoulli’s Equation :
JEE Main 2019
Q If y(x) is the solution of the differential equation
A y(x) is decreasing in
C y(loge 2) = loge 4
D y(x) is decreasing in (0, 1)

JEE Main 2019
Q If y(x) is the solution of the differential equation
A y(x) is decreasing in
C y(loge 2) = loge 4
D y(x) is decreasing in (0, 1)

Solution:
Solution:
Q Let the solution curve y = y(x) of the differential
equation pass through
the point Then, is equal

to
D
Q Let the solution curve y = y(x) of the differential
equation pass through
the point Then, is equal

to
D
Solution:
Q Let f : [1, ∞) → [2, ∞) be a differentiable function
such that f(1) = 2.

Q Let f : [1, ∞) → [2, ∞) be a differentiable function
such that f(1) = 2.
Ans: 6
Solution:
Solution:
Q Solve the following differential equations.
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Exact Form
In this topic, basically we do variable separation by creation and inspection.
To understand this topic, first we need to observe a few exact differentials.
Try to remember the following
1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.
4.
JEE Main 2019
Q The general solution of the differential equation

(y2 − x3)dx − xydy = 0 (x ≠ 0) is (where c is a
constant of integration)
A y2 + 2 x3 + cx2 = 0
B y2 − 2x2 + cx3 = 0
C y2 − 2 x3 + cx2 = 0
D y2 + 2x2 + cx3 = 0
JEE Main 2019
Q The general solution of the differential equation

(y2 − x3)dx − xydy = 0 (x ≠ 0) is (where c is a
constant of integration)
A y2 + 2 x3 + cx2 = 0
B y2 − 2x2 + cx3 = 0
C y2 − 2 x3 + cx2 = 0
D y2 + 2x2 + cx3 = 0
Solution:
Q Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential

equation (x + 1)y’ - y = e3x(x + 1)2, with
Then, the point for the curve y = y(x)
is:
A Not a critical point
B A point of local minima
C A point of local maxima
D A point of inflection
Q Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential

equation (x + 1)y’ - y = e3x(x + 1)2, with
Then, the point for the curve y = y(x)
is:
A Not a critical point
B A point of local minima
C A point of local maxima
D A point of inflection
Solution:
Application of Differential Equations
1. Solving certain rate of change problems such as growth and decay
problems.
2. Finding the orthogonal trajectory of a family of curves.
Q Suppose the growth of a population is
proportional to the number of individuals
present. If the population of a colony doubles in
50 months, in how many months will the
population triple.
Solution:
Solution:
Q
The orthogonal trajectory of xy = c2 is_____.
A x2 − y2 = C
B x2y2 = C
C x2 + y2 = C
D xy = c
Q
The orthogonal trajectory of xy = c2 is_____.
A x2 − y2 = C
B x2y2 = C
C x2 + y2 = C
D xy = c
Solution:
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Limits and Derivatives 4 11

(2) Factorization Method

(3) Rationalization Method: This is normally used when either numerator or

denominator or both involve square roots.

(5) Trigonometric limits: We have standard results 18

(6) Logarithmic and exponential limits: We have standard result

(7) Form (1)∞ : We have standard result

(Here 0 is denoting a function tending to zero, similarly ∞ & 1 are denoting

In all indeterminate forms, we may only calculate limiting values.

Exact value at x = a is not defined.

Q Let f : R → R be a function such that f(2) = 4 and

f’(2) = 1. Then, the value of

Q Let f : R → R be a function such that f(2) = 4 and

f’(2) = 1. Then, the value of

the value of (a - b) is equal to

the value of (a - b) is equal to

𝛾 ∈ R, then which of the following is NOT

C ⍺β2 + βγ2 + γ⍺2 + 3 = 0

𝛾 ∈ R, then which of the following is NOT

C ⍺β2 + βγ2 + γ⍺2 + 3 = 0

where f(x) ➝ 0 & g(x) ➝ ∞ when x ➝ a

Thus limit does not exist

Q Let a be an integer such that

exists, where [t] is greatest integer ≤ t. Then a is

Q Let a be an integer such that

exists, where [t] is greatest integer ≤ t. Then a is

Applying L'Hospital rule

Q If g is the inverse of a function f and

Q If g is the inverse of a function f and

Consider f(x, y) = 0. We can find

Method 1: Directly differentiate w.r.t x and collect terms

Q If y = y(x) is an implicit function of x such that

loge(x + y) = 4xy, then at x = 0 is equal to

Q If y = y(x) is an implicit function of x such that

loge(x + y) = 4xy, then at x = 0 is equal to

Q If x = 3 tan t and y = 3 sec t, then the value of

Q If x = 3 tan t and y = 3 sec t, then the value of

Q The derivative of with

Q The derivative of with

A 3f(1) + f(2) = f(3)

B f(3) - f(2) = f(1)

C 2f(0) - f(1) + f(3) = f(2)

D f(1) + f(2) + f(3) = f(0)

A 3f(1) + f(2) = f(3)

B f(3) - f(2) = f(1)

C 2f(0) - f(1) + f(3) = f(2)

D f(1) + f(2) + f(3) = f(0)

f(x) = x3 - x2 f’(1) + x f”(2) - f”’(3), x ∈ R

Equation of tangent and normal at a given point on the curve

Equation of tangent and normal having given slope

Equation of tangent and normal through external point.

Q The tangent to the curve passing

Q The tangent to the curve passing

⇒ Condition of orthogonality: m1m2 = -1

Q Let θ be the acute angle between the tangents

to the ellipse and the circle

x2 + y2 = 3 at their point of intersection in the first

Q Let θ be the acute angle between the tangents

to the ellipse and the circle

x2 + y2 = 3 at their point of intersection in the first

GN = Length of subnormal = |y1 m|

Where, P(x1, y1)