A.

Structural Integrity (Design adequacy for the pressure of the carrying fluid,Failure against various
loading in the life cycle and Limiting stresses below code allowable.)
B. Operational Integrity (Limiting nozzle loads of the connected equipment within allowable values,
Avoiding leakage at joints, Limiting sagging & displacement within allowable values.)
C. Optimal Design (Avoiding excessive flexibility and also high loads on supporting structures. Aim
towards an optimal design for both piping and structure.)
To meet these objectives several load cases are required during stress analysis. This article will guide
all the beginners with the methodology to build several load cases which will be required for stress
analysis.
In this article we will use following notations for building load cases:
WW=water filled weight of piping system,
HP=Hydrotest Pressure, vena
W=weight of pipe including content and insulation,
P1=Internal Design pressure,
T1=Operating temperature,
T2=Maximum temperature,
T3= Minimum temperature,
WIN1, WIN2, WIN3 AND WIN4: wind loads acting in some specific direction,
U1, U2, U3 AND U4: uniform (seismic) loads acting in some specific direction.
While analysis at a minimum the stress check