Name: Sherma M.

Sheikh Karim
BSN 1
NURBIO LAB – B
ID NUMBER: 210606

1. What is the normal pH of blood? Milk? Urine?

- Normal pH of Blood is between 7.35 to 7.45

- Normal pH of Milk is about 6.7 to 6.9
- Normal pH of Urine ranges from 4.6 to 8.0

2. What is the biochemical relevance of pH?

- pH balance is important in biological systems as it determines which organisms can exist in a
particular environment. When the system is out of balance, as in your situation, the protein denatures
(kills) and ceases to function.

3. Calculate the pH of the following solutions?

a. 0.01M HCl
Ha ⟶ H+ +Cl −
0.01 0.01 0.01
melen melen melen

pH = − log[H+]
= − log[0.01]
=2

b. 2.2 x 10-3 M NaOH

NaOH(aq) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
[OH-] = [NaOH]
If [NaOH] = 2.2*10^-3M
[OH-] = 2.2*10^-3M
pOH = - log [OH-]
 pOH = - log 2.2*10^-3
pOH = 2.66
pH = 14.00 - 2.66
pH = 11.34

4. Which sample exhibited buffer action? Explain.

- This is a phosphate buffer, with an original pH of 7.13. With 0.1 ml of 0.1NNaOH added, this was
equivalent to 2 drops, but with 0.01 ml of 0.1NHCl, there was no change or effect from 7.13 to 7.04 as with
other buffers. As I understand and what I observe, Phosphate Buffer 7.0 is capable of withstanding changes
in pH when a small amount of acid or base is added.

What are the buffer systems in whole blood and plasma?

- Buffer systems that act in plasma include plasma proteins, phosphates, and bicarbonates and
carbonate buffers. Blood contains phosphates, carbonates, and proteins as buffer components, and the
pH is constant at 7.35 to 7.45, but large amounts of acids and bases are constantly produced by food
digestion, absorption, muscle activity, and breathing. Will be introduced.
-
5. What are the buffer systems in whole blood and plasma?
- Plasma proteins, phosphates, bicarbonate, and carbonate buffers are examples of buffer systems found in
plasma. The kidneys contribute to acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and producing bicarbonate,
helping to keep plasma pH within normal limits.