Module 3

Collechon pockiaq B pescn vakon evidences u Qeneo1

Congidenction-
APt LoOpletion ocrime Scent_clocumentrticn
Qnd iniunsive 9euch Crimê Sceneor phusical@vidence
fhe collechon Ond preseycction_O the evidence Can
benin. one_individual Should_desionakd as evidence Collector
+o eeue that h e eidence s colleckdpacaged
manhed and Sealecd. and Preseaved in consisknt manner
no itemeedene will he missed, LosF Conkomin
- obed E only once pe1Son the obligction foY

Thexe is no uigld pide lor LollecHon dhe

endencebutome tspe oh evdence o thier nctune ghould
heqiven Some priorih eoxderTranSlent, fraeile-oz
easily lost _evidence Should be collected rs

paysical eviclence
Physicovidenealso_callecl os ueal eidence Achal
tonaible evidence hat Can be toucheo pickd up
hat is 1elevent tphe lase phusical eyidene
Can fncluce anuHaingsbke objeck like dhe ouvda
weappto hloocl5pdaltz1,DriA CLnd even Linaenprins.
This eiclenceis hen used to pesent_Cases tor o -
against_a delenclank GAd lstly aene is SEienhHe
eiclence ike DAA, (S lDng ag he eviclence has
been Opprovedbu mejudge

O inge1print
ingeprinHS aue_ the Hny uidges,uhoT dn4
valley pattan00 he dip o each fingen.No tuo
PeoplesCan have the Same aoeprint -dhey ae
otolly Unique Go in a im:sene inqLprint.
Cun be uced tor identiPicaion opanhculan indauidu
 whenthe tingirs 02L DresSed against dhngsdheu
leayes a neacLive impress on
finger print_cann0t_be alkned or deshrouedpeuman
-entlu bu Bhin iniuaics necause it is praktkd

( Three tupes of ingeyprinis

apatent tingeMpvints visihle priots leRt o0 smaoth
Sur faces when blood inls etc,Comes in conkict
i h dhe hánd and then transpirdo ha
Sutace
Pinger
bploshic Dints -inttn indentation left in 3oft
matuia Such a5 Clay, puky or uax
Laent faerprinis i Hiddeningerints Caused_
Beereadon.co
by tansfen of oils_& OHhe body
do aSuntace_

2collechion fjagenprinks
which_a rCHL
Ihe easiet me Hhocd is dushng in
pouDde_la duaed on t which sticks to the
Line
indhe tlngerpriot Once he tingerprint
Ol
visible, we can lit it Lom dhe untace
Decome
tansfer iE to another 9uLatace
LDiHhClear tape &
dakeinto the laborutory to analy2e
fO fhen
futther 21CLLHn
Chemicel
Othen methods ncudle _uSin4
tner
haeprfnis which
ALSultS in aColoed
Qun bt analysed easil
 Date

Lmpressions (Treprintsfactprins lipprints & bik

mark
Tureprints footprinks
Tureints k fcotprints can be deposieo On_almeg+
any Surface, from pape to human bocuy. prinis ane
Civided into Hme hpeg visible,plashic & laknt
(a)vigble print s atroansfeu of makuial fom the
Shoe or tire to the Suntace hig upe can be Seen loy
the makec eye_uitnout adali konal atds, tor exammle.
bloody 3hoe prints left on Plooriac ar tracks_eft by_
mudelu ireon a elavewa
(b)A plastic print Is_a hrLe-dimensional impre89ion
JeFt on_ a Soft 9mkace 1his includes Shoe r Hre
tracks leFt in Scund mud ar Snou
A Jalent pdnt is one that s not readiy vieibie
dohe nalked eye. Thes Eyt tupe s Creaed thraugh
Staic chaxges bekween he Sola Or treud cund the
Suntace Eocaminer Or imestigators uSe powdens
Chemicals or aIteunate light 90urcegto find hese
prins 2x Shoe prints dekeckd on a ile r
hardeoood HooT uindouo 8ill Or metal countn, or
tire tmes deleekd on 0ad SuxFaces, driveaus
0T Side walks,

Collection e the Samples

xamin ers use senalmehocls for cotlecHne toohuan
and trntracks erlclence dependlng on te upe
impre8ion tound, f o r Impression in soil, SnoD
O7 Ohex Suntace CagHng i6 most Commonly
uSed Collechonmethod.
for imprins Cxaminex tru to collkctdhe endre
ohjec conaining_dhe imprint, Such as whalesheet
 Of pap Or Cadboad nih a Shoeprint when
that is not possiblefox instence lE he pint i3
Lono bank countrr he eceuminer uwould_use
a liEhng technique to ransfer Hheimprint to_
O medium hat Cun be Sent_to_lakoratrrru

As wih any vidence foundat a mmecene,Shoepi

-nis & Turepmns musE he prDperlu documzned,
Colleckd &mesemved in Orclen to mainaun the
inegrihu othe_ewidence
impression eidence cOSil damagel 30
SepsHke phoarephing enidence Should be-
follouwed_

Lipprints
LipprinSlike tngerprioBi ae unique o an
individua &_Cun easilu be eLorded. Lipprints
Can be Useel as a ueliable forensic tool conSideriq
the ConSiseneu lipprints Dven ime & the acauake
Corye lahion 4 inclirec prioh to direct prink.

cheiloscopu is a forensic investigation techniqLe

hat deals with idenHficekion ot Humans basecd
On lip trace

The lippxinis Can he ommonly found in _cases like

Geyual assualt _busgelanie &, mundea & Napes fhe

Blemanhs
BiemaHS Can also be used fo icdentiftautiua
in Sexual assault,burglwties,mutdens
Aapes ek
 Date
Page N

O Tace_eyicdence & dentifies Ond compares Spedfte

tYe trace makuials that Could be transhuned
duing he Commissinn e a violent Caime heee
trace matricul incudes buman haiy, Cnsmal thelr
texhle hben, fric HOpeSoilgesS 4 buikelkne
mokuial Jhey ao1e usucally Class Cvidence

(a) Haly Hair is a y impoz unY race evidence In_

a_Cmime Scene Ha dramination cun dekumine
i fa haîr is ck thuman_ or onimal origin if
The Species Cnc
animal
possikbly breecl oE Hhe animalCan
be detuuminecl. iE human, he aclal
chauecenish'es,
body CHea, length oottupe Cnahunalls Sheol torcibly
1emoved) and any aatificial readment cr dama4e
Can he detuminec. tHair assDciated ita
by micoscop
Companision a1e also enamined bs he mitho chondmial
DrA Un
Hairs c e n be collecked
usiae tueezers cnd
also bu using Cleer ap for iting non
hair
visible
vaniek oh Buniace, Such as clothing.+
hey can also be vaccumed
Hair Sampleg ane packed in air
Hght baq
in a du plac

Tibers Fibe is also a veu qooc

evicdlence and plays a major Tole Coab0rative
in Czimescene
investigahon. fiben eamiation Cun detoimine it
a fiberis naunal or made
Questioned tibers
con be COmpaned to_4tbe1g om hoown Soutcas
to derumine iE heu ane
Consiaent_with
Originacd Arom that Source. Guestioneclhaving
tthers an alsD_be companed to edhen quesh'oned
 fibers to_dekumine if fay aua consistent uwith
riainating rnm he Same Sourcethough hat
SOuiCe is not Knoun_
Jheu ane colleckd usinq tueez.er 6 packed
in Ceeun deu plushe eente baag

Soil Soil is One mpartant Coxraborative

trace evicdence he vaiation in Boil from_place to
place malkes oil valuable Cvidence to provs
linKage
-
betueen0 Suspect á aCnme 9cene
TorenSic aealogist aa4 be uSeful_in inttMpreLoe
Soil evidence.
Soil is Cunalused using Shneomicznscops for
CaxassappecAance _Lolou presene 6P veaekeshioo
LCksloinenas & pollen. and also PH densit

d Paint - hmans Sunlaces_in ou_Cnvironment auHe

LOvened with paint Daint iS Veyy common frm
D evidence in hit &_4un collision & buta laAS
Case,They may be HeCOVeed rom_yehicles
Clothings 10acd Suyface tools eke. cone MuSt
be talken cohen Collecting paint Chips& Smears
because dhey aue veuy fcagile
Steaeo or lou DoLoer microSLope _aHe usecl o
deinmine color, numbe of laue, SikeLce
8huch1e

eGlass Glass is an AmorphuS Solid (They ae

called as "cooled liquia"). Glass s renu
imporeint Corrahorative eviclence o k e n
botttes a9saulls, _windouw chmda >buralarie
Smasheel autoglass2 hit & stun
 Date
Page No

Firearms The 1ange eidence in fieanms-Helattd

Cases Con be 0s Small as piece abulleTagment
which os itlinq marks O. as lage a8 hunedreds
bullets and_Catridae Cases Cnd numeraLs
HTeons Earen rom a Small8ample intozmation
Cun he deselopec sto incdicako ae hupe e Åze
J

-Oums used and possibly iclenify dheachual fieam.

im
that was uSec
Othe fizecm evidence hat Could be ound at
a hooting Seneincludes_3holshellag wanls clncl
Shot pelle.ks these_Can indicate he gauge of
Shotqun wade and pellets Can e qathered and
DYeseryed in he Saunne manner oLs bullers_end
Carbndge eases

Collechon tire amms

FreaHm eidlence Can be 94ecoveHCCL in a nUmber
aLyS and aALS firea1ms Hhemselveg Can be
L1ecOvMed ay Ot 9hooting 9cenes bu Crime ecee
investlaqators ond Sent to the laboratony
Bullets bullet £aoments Caxndae cases, Shotshell_
waddina, ett. Oue mormally Colleckd individuallu-
afko propet documenution photog rCuphy and
Sent to the laborotoru bulle evidence cein also
be ohlined a t autopsu.OY In an
room emerqenc24
re ethinq In thege Caseg_dhe Sample Should
be max Ked as biohazard and dhen Sent to
laboraBoYy-
fire.cums ae eh dieen hypes dhey ane Biological
Tace esidence aunshot nestdue, mek SmearS
5 Egesine padketals
Questionecl documen ts
Any douument_ USuallu HLelcuted. to madtrots_imolulg
Criminalz cz Ciil lihaahon in which_dne oriqinality
Quthentiris Or ba.clka.roundis dispued.

Queshionecl document enCAmination is_a forenSia

SciencedisCipline a uthich peHtaining_to documenh
thataue Delenialls disputed in a CouM_o? Jau

Ccasesin uwhich forensic docum

Types Quesionecl documents
wills Cheque Bank draft
Agreements EReceipts haminatedl docurmen.
Ephotacopiecl oloument Stamp pape
Ppassport QIDcards ) Licenses
cuenu nokts Sucicle noeS

_cases in_uwhich forensic document examinatino

is applio
Tdentitu thel Horaeies
Counterteiting Suicides
Homicidles Laud

4idnappinq Bank
Bank robbenies
ContesBecl usill P)Sro7tior
medicl aalpraches stalking
4iHel deed lauuGuids con tes tec Conbrcck

Collection Queshoned douments

The crime 9cene inveshiqcutors oq intormcutionabaut
Hound. it the dacument
Lahere sthe dlocument uMS
Lonain haldorihnq,theinveshqutor must look for
 Date
Page No

Colechoo euoriinq Samples fo Compame against

TheauesBioned ext..

Biologieal evidence- Biologicad euidence inclucles

bocdu Huids like blood, Semen 2alive & urine, 08
UDell as Shin and Qtheupes o Hssues and oT9ans.
Biological_eviclence helps În providing Or disprovina
an alibi, eliminating a Suspect iden ising the
Suspect and iclenhifaing the vichm
P.
Biological exidence aue tound in crime Scene
Sexual assault, Hape, muder, buMglceiesgaratiaht

Collecton o Biological exidence in imescene

Biologlcal exiclence that hae been dmied should be
Colleched usinq drs 9copens and gtored in e
facility that minimiges exreme heut G humieliy,
uOhich Caun Cause DhA to deq rade
They have to becoll.ckd in Sealed plasHc bag
SDr uweE biolooical evidence 9ktile 9wabs_
must
be uSeod ho collec he Sample.s_& ato xec In
alahght Btile Conleinens CCalass).