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LOCKOUT / TAGOUT

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TRAINING

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PFW Annual Training

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Training Objectives

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• What is lockout/tagout?

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• Why is hazardous energy a problem?

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• How lockout/tagout can protect employees

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• What procedures are involved

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What is lockout/tagout?

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• Industrial equipment and machinery is typically large and complex, when this

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equipment is shut down to be serviced, maintained, or repaired, there are typically

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multiple people from different trades involved

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• It is imperative to everyone involved that the equipment be stopped and remain

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still while the work is being performed

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What is lockout/tagout?

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• Lockout/tagout refers to

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“specific practices and procedures to safeguard all workers from the unexpected startup

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of machinery and equipment or the release of hazardous energy during service or

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maintenance”

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What is lockout/tagout?

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• In a study conducted by the United Auto Workers of fatalities between 1973 and

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1995, 20% of the fatalities that occurred were attributed to inadequate hazardous

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energy control procedures

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• Workers who were injured on the job during to exposure to hazardous energy lose

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and average of 24 work days for re-cooperation

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What is lockout/tagout?

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• Lockout/tagout refers to one part of an energy control program that employers

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are required to establish to safeguard employees.

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• In addition to the physical locks and tags, there must be established procedures

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for the use of those locks and tags.

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• Workers must be trained in those procedures.

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• The system of procedures must be periodically reviewed and inspected, at least

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annually by someone out side of the system.
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• This combination of technics work to prevent injuries and deaths from hazardous
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energy sources.
What is lockout/tagout?

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• The goal of the lockout/tagout program is to protect workers from exposure to

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hazardous energy.

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• This is accomplished by moving all energy isolation devices such as valves and switches

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to a “safe” position, closed, or off – THEN placing a physical lock on the device so that it

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cannot be moved.

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• In cases where a lock cannot be applied to an energy isolation device, a tag stating that

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the “device may not be operated” may be used.

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What is lockout/tagout?

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• Devices that could mistakenly re-engage or fail:

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Local on/off switches

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Check valves

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Built-in interlocks

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Why is hazardous energy a problem?

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• Hazardous energy can take many forms.

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• Consider the simple task of removing a pump and motor unit from a process

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• Most people would realize that the electricity to the motor needs to be interrupted and

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locked out before removal

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There is another source of energy that represents a hazard which is less obvious – the

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•

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pump is connected to process piping which probably has pressure in it

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• Before the pump can be removed, workers must be protected by closing valves or

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inserting blanks to isolate the pump of upstream or downstream fluid pressure and
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draining the associated piping
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Why is hazardous energy a problem?

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• Sometimes the source of hazardous energy is difficult to identify and isolate.

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• Consider the case of changing a leaky fitting on the hydraulic arm of a backhoe

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• The arm has potential energy as a result of its height and position

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If the pressure of the hydraulic system which holds it in place is released, its position will

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•

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unexpectedly shift, possibly with dire consequences

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• Lockout in this situation would involved bracing the arm or placing it in a position where

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it cannot shift when pressure is removed

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Why is hazardous energy a problem?

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• Hidden energy can be retained in equipment in the form of a stretched spring,

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compressed gas, a charged capacitor, or the force of gravity.

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• These situations need to be identified and dealt with prior to working on machinery in

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order to avoid injury

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Hidden hazardous energy sources and multiple energy sources are examples of

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•

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reasons why lockout should always be done by an “authorized person”

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Authorized Person

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• “Authorized Person”

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This is someone who is familiar with the equipment in question and capable of locking it

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out properly

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Steps to proper lockout/tagout

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• There are six steps to an effective energy control program

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1. Preparation

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2. Shutdown

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3. Isolation

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Lockout

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4.

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5. Check nl
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6. Verification
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Preparation

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1. Preparation

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This involves the authorized employee to have a complete knowledge of the type and

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magnitude of energy, the hazards of the energy to be controlled, and the method or

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means to control the energy

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• It is at this point that all of the sources of energy and the best ways to isolate them are

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identified

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Shutdown

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2. Shutdown

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All employees affected by the shutdown should be informed, even if they will not

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participate in the maintenance or service

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• The machine is stopped in the normal and safe manner

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Isolation

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3. Isolation

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All energy isolating devices that are needed to control the machines energy sources

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must be located

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• These devices must then be used to isolate the machine or equipment from its energy

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source

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Lockout

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4. Lockout

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• Lockout or tagout devices must be affixed to each

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energy isolating device by “authorized
employees”

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• Lockout devices where used, must be affixed in a

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manner which will hold the energy isolating

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devices in a “safe” position

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• Where tagout devices are used, it must be affixed

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in a manner that will clearly indicate that the

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operation or movement of energy isolating
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devices from the “safe” position is prohibited
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• If the tag cannot be affixed to the energy isolating
device, the tag must be located as close as safely
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possible to the device in a position that will be

immediately obvious to anyone attempting to
operate the device
Check

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5. Stored Energy Check

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After all of the energy isolating devices have been locked or tagged out, potentially

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hazardous stored or residual energy must be relieved, disconnected, strained, or

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otherwise rendered safe

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Verification

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6. Isolation Verification

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Before any work begins on machines that have been locked or tagged out of service, an

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“authorized employee” must verify that the machine or equipment has been properly

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isolated and de-energized

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Locks and Tags

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• Federal guidelines specific that the locks and tags used for lockout/tagout be

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durable and used only for the purpose of lockout/tagout

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• Within a facility, the locks and tags must be standardized in at least one of the following

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criteria

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1. Color

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2. Shape

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3. Size

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• Each lock or tag must be uniquely identified with an employees name
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• When more than one person works a machine, the energy isolating devices are to be disabled
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with a hasp, which is in turn able to be locked by multiple locks
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Work extends over one shift

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• If work is to extend over a shift break, it is important that continuity of coverage

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be maintained

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• The incoming person should place his/her lock on the hasp before the outgoing person

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removes theirs

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Important aspects

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• Important aspects of an energy control program

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Concept of personal responsibility - an individuals lock is to protect him/her

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Communication

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Employees must understand how the system works

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4. Responsibility to other

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Training is crucial to the overall success of the program

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Contractors

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• If an outside contractor is working on site, their employees should adhere to the

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procedures of lockout/tagout established by the onsite employer

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Start up of equipment

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• Once service and maintenance has been completed, there is a procedure to

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properly restart the equipment

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1. The work area should be inspected to ensure non-essential items such as tools or

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spare parts have been removed and that all of the machine or equipment

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components are operationally intact

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2. The work area must be checked to ensure that all employees have been safely

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positioned or have cleared the area

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All effected employees must be notified that the equipment is to be restarted

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4. Each lockout or tagout device must be removed from the energy isolating devices
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by the SAME employees who applied the locks
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5. Once all lock outs have been removed, the effected equipment can be restarted
Conclusion

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• Large equipment and process machinery is safest when it is running constantly

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and smoothly.

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• When this kind of capital is shutdown, there are always pressures to repair it as

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soon as possible and return it to production.

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• It is under these high stress situations where accidents CAN occur.

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Questions?

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If you have any questions, contact

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Radiological & Environmental Management (REM)

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260-481-4193 or 260-481-5744

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steels@ipfw.edu or justja01@ipfw.edu
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