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Procedia Engineering 196 (2017) 1034 – 1042

Creative Construction Conference 2017, CCC 2017, 19-22 June 2017, Primosten, Croatia

Digital technologies in Facility Management – the state of practice

and research challenges
Krystyna Araszkiewicz*
West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Aleja Piastow 17, 70-310 Szczecin

Abstract

Communication and information management are among the key areas of management operations at every stage of a construction
project life cycle. The use of innovative digital technologies and tools for conducting such operations may significantly improve
the preparation and execution of a construction project and it enables the preparation of a collection of information required to
efficiently use the structure. The aim of this article is to present the results of the latest research related to the application of
digitization in the Facility Management based on a critical literature review of 2010 - 2016. The article investigates the potential
of Building Information Modelling to integrate data for the building lifecycle, providing information and decision support to
facility management and maintenance. The results of the implementation of digital techniques for the purpose of smart Facility
Management were discussed on the basis of a case study of The Edge office building in Amsterdam. The article also suggests
possible directions for further research related to digitization in property management and its impact on the process of
implementing the concept of intelligent and sustainable construction engineering.
© 2017
© 2017TheTheAuthors.
Authors. Published
Published by Elsevier
by Elsevier Ltd. is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
Ltd. This
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2017.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2017
Keywords: digitisation, BIM, facility management, smart building, research trends

1. Introduction

One of the essential aspects of investment process management practice in the construction sector is the impact of
decisions and processes that take place at subsequent stages of the life cycle of a building on its physical, functional
and performance characteristics. From the point of view of an investor, the assessment of cost efficiency and

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +48 664 135 312; E-mail address: Krystyna.Araszkiewicz@zut.edu.pl

1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2017
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.059
 Krystyna Araszkiewicz / Procedia Engineering 196 (2017) 1034 – 1042 1035

profitability of an investment process also requires an analysis of the overall cost of the life cycle of a project,
including expenditure incurred from the conceptual phase through anticipated time of use up to modernization and,
eventually, demolition of the building. Another aspect, which requires a holistic approach that integrates particular
stages of a building life cycle, is information management and communication. An investment process managed
traditionally is distinguished by a large number of participants who appear at different points in time and leave the
process in the course of its duration. As people leave the process, so might knowledge, and some information might
become distorted or irreversibly lost, to the detriment of the operation stage. Efficient management at the operation
stage requires integrating a large collection of information and data that appeared at earlier stages of the building life
cycle, with information that appear in the course of building use.

Nomenclature

BAS Building Automation System

BIM Building Information Modelling
CAFM Computer-Aided Facility Management
CMMS Computerized Maintenance Management System
EIBG European Intelligent Building Group
EIR Employer’s Information Requirements
EMS Energy Management System
EMDS Electronic Document Management System
FM Facility Management
IBI Intelligent Building Institute
IFM Integrated Facility Management
IPD Integrated Project Delivery

1.1. Aims of the Paper and the Method

The efficiency of communication and flow of information is one of the essential prerequisites for the fulfilment
of strategic objectives of Facility Management, broadly understood as interdisciplinary practice related to the
management of buildings and facilities designed for building users. The economic sense of Facility Management is
to release building occupants from problems that are not directly associated with their core business. By linking the
quality of available facilities with active cost control, FM increases the efficiency of the organization that utilizes the
building and improves the work efficiency of the employed people. The presented concept of FM entails the need to
engage advanced technology and IT tools that ensure efficient information management and integrate diverse
actions associated with FM. Advanced digital technology is a source of numerous solutions that facilitate
acquisition, processing, redundancy and compression of information about utilized buildings, making it easier to
develop cause and effect models, draw conclusions and make forecasts. Systems that have been long used for the
purposes of FM, e.g. CAFM, CMMS, BAS, EMS or EDMS, have been proven in practice and are useful, whilst
being characterised by a lack of interoperability, which largely limits their functionality. As separate systems, they
work smoothly, but they cannot communicate, there is no platform for exchange of information. A consequence of
that is inefficient management of time dedicated for FM actions, including integration of essential information,
which can trigger financial losses.
The article aims to present the results of research associated with the development of IT systems for the purpose
of improvement of FM performance, and with digitisation of management operations. A literature review and a case
study will serve as a basis for establishing directions to follow in further research in the analysed area.
The analysis covered publications that were gathered during a review conducted in 2016 through the use of
Google Scholar search engine as well as SCOPUS database. In view of significant dynamics in the development of
digital tools and technology, it was resolved to limit the search to articles published in 2010-2016. The search was
based on a combination of keywords in the title or abstract, such as: 1 = Facility Management and digitisation, 2 =
BIM and FM, 3 = IT and Facility Management, 4 = IT and Construction Project Life Cycle. The number of
1036 Krystyna Araszkiewicz / Procedia Engineering 196 (2017) 1034 – 1042

publications identified with this method totalled 67. In the following step, they were subject to an analysis that
aimed to select the most adequate (33 articles) and arrange them by subject according to the analysed research
problems. The article concentrates on commercial and industrial property and omits residential, agricultural and
special purpose property.
The second part of the analysis involved a case study – the Edge office building located in Amsterdam, which
illustrates the potential that IT technology and tools offer in FM. The case was selected in view of the office
applications of the building, which entail the presence of a large number of individual occupants and a large set of
information generated as a part of building management. This allowed for juxtaposition of the applied solutions with
an adequate scale of management problems identified in FM. The case study presents the main project assumptions
associated with operation of the building.

2. The role of information in Facility Management

Real property as an area of research is a subject of interest in law, economics, geodesy, architecture, engineering,
management. Real property can be viewed from a number of perspectives, while particular fields of science
highlight a variety of aspects: legal, economic, institutional, material ones. It can be viewed as an essential economic
resource that entails significant costs. According to the contemporary approach to real property management, real
property should not be seen merely as a passive object that serves in the pursuit of particular business activities or as
a place where goods and services are supplied; quite the contrary, it is an important component of organizational
planning [1].
The building operational time takes up most of the building life cycle. The effects of management during that
time result from decisions taken at earlier stages. The decisions at the design and construction stage, which precede
the time of operation, should be taken after consideration of certain key criteria, such as the issue of cost efficiency
at the operational stage. The facilities incorporated into a property help to meet this objective. The management of
facilities embodies the essence of FM; however, it should be stressed that the area associated with those operations
is a subject of ongoing debate, in a broader, not only technical, meaning, which requires an interdisciplinary
approach, with a concurrent need for systematization of basic concepts encompassed by FM.
The definition of FM given in the CEN TC 348 European standard defines this area of operations associated with
the use of a building as a discipline focused on support and improvement of the productivity of organizations
through the delivery of essential tools and services required for the fulfilment of business objectives in a changing
business setting [2]. Therefore, the economic purpose of FM is to enable creating added value for an enterprise
through a reduction of costs as a result of the implementation of processes that support the core business of the
enterprise. The accomplishment of this purpose is possible with the help of own human resources or through
outsourcing, and in terms of costs, it is favoured by:
• reduction of alternative costs through the application of innovation, including innovative technology, and
through the integration of processes,
• reduction of transaction costs through standardization and automation of processes, also through the application
of technology.
The performance of FM tasks engages large teams of technicians, managers and third party companies.
Communication between those entities and information management are critical. The tasks, aided by IT solutions,
include:
• formulation of documents for the purposes of analysis of the operational safety of a building,
• estimation of reliability measures, including: readiness, reliability, number of defects of a system, etc.,
• performance of probabilistic risk assessment,
• analysis of potential failures of the system,
• analysis of relevance and uncertainty,
• assessment of human safety and reliability through analysis of tasks or processes in anthropo-technical systems.
The users of IT systems designed for FM expect functionality in different areas, for instance, monitoring material
assets, controlling and planning renovations, reporting and managing failures via helpdesk style systems, or space
management [3]. In order for the efficient use of real property to be possible, there must be building plans that will
 Krystyna Araszkiewicz / Procedia Engineering 196 (2017) 1034 – 1042 1037

ensure an adequate level of safety and good working conditions for tenants and their clients. To accomplish this,
organizations use computer tools dedicated for design, visualization and simulation [4]. Considerable emphasis is
given to the issues of protection and security of information and infrastructural resources, including business
continuity procedures (Business Continuity Planning), generating scenarios and risk assessment as well as special
operations to be undertaken in the event of a disaster (Disaster Recovery) [5]. Various IT tools serve these purposes.
There is a visible pursuit of integration of processes, services and functionalities around user-friendly and intuitive
mobile technology that ensures access to information in real time, based, e.g. on recognition of images, speech, and
makes use of integrated algorithms that adjust variants to user preferences [5]. The evolution of digital tools and
technology applied in FM is oriented towards integration with the other management systems. Facility managers
seek solutions that enable accumulation, categorization, visualization and updating of information about the
operation and maintenance of a building, which should be complete, precise and should locate an event in time and
place within the building [6]. The challenge here is the integration of accumulated information with data acquired at
the design and construction stage, and providing the building management systems with information relevant at the
time of operation. A solution that has been given a lot of consideration lately, which can facilitate the above tasks, is
the Building Information Modelling (BIM) integrated with the FM practice [18].

2.1. The Building Information Modelling and FM

In the article, BIM is seen as a building information management method that ensures, among others, generating,
exchange and management of a comprehensive set of data on the building and facilities throughout the entire
building life cycle [6]. From the perspective of FM, an essential aspect will be the interoperability of BIM tools and
systems such as CAFM (Computer Aided Facility Management Systems) applied for the needs of FM [7, 8, 31, 32,
33]. As-built BIM model handed over at the time of commissioning a building is a mine of information that can
prove valuable during FM operations, but not all of the information is valuable on a day-to-day basis within the
broad range of an FM practice, where data retrieval, change management, and tracking costs and work activity are
critical. Lucas (2012) indicates that the AEC industry information exchange through the facility life cycle is still
fragmented and the facility management phase of the construction project life cycle remains the most disconnected
from the rest [14]. This proves the need for inclusion of facility managers in the building life cycle as early as at the
design stage so as to enable them to define, as a part of design assumptions, the detailed scope and priorities
amongst information and data necessary for fulfilment of FM objectives [9, 13, 34]. The main advantages arising out
of the use of information and data included in a BIM model of operation of a building are associated with the fact
that the flow of information from the BIM model to FM system is far more effective than manual entering data that
is essential in FM practice, provided that the systems have been integrated. This is especially clear in the case of
large buildings distinguished by a complex occupancy structure [10]. In this respect, data exchange format plays an
important role. Accuracies of data and interoperability between facility management and BIM software systems are
still the main challenges for facility managers [15]. Information management based on BIM assumptions should
refer to the concept of IPD (Integrated Project Delivery), which centres on the distribution of BIM modelled
multidimensional information between all participants of the investment process. IPD draws on the cooperation
skills of all participants of the investment and construction process and on technology associated with support of
native and open data formats. An increasingly popular solution at the stage of design and construction is the IFC
open format developed by buildingSMART. Another solution designed to promote exchange of data between BIM
models and data sets used in FM is COBIE, a spreadsheet data format with some add-in applications, such as
COBIE Toolkit for Revit. Nonetheless, the tools still have a number of limitations associated with data processing
potential. The above-mentioned application – COBIE Toolkit for Revit, produces only 5 COBIE data sets out of 12
commonly used and 16 entire COBIE data sets. In consequence, facility managers have to dedicate extra time for
completing necessary data in COBIE files manually. The entire process of converting data from BIM models to
COBIE files may include 11 subsequent steps, whereby some of them need information to be completed manually,
making the process significantly less efficient [11]. Anderson et al. (2012) developed a prototype application that
extracts information from one of BIM design tools, stores extracted information in an external database, and then
produces the COBIE file using information stored in the database. They applied their application to a prototype
1038 Krystyna Araszkiewicz / Procedia Engineering 196 (2017) 1034 – 1042

project and demonstrated that it produced 8 COBIE worksheets automatically, which helped facility managers to
save a significant amount of time [11].
One way for the designers and contractors to develop and hand over a BIM model with valuable information
adequate for FM operations is to formulate precise, well-designed BIM guidelines to insure completeness and
compatibility with FM software. The effectiveness of such a detailed plan with standards, file names, parameter
lists, and other requirements of BIM data, which were specifically designated for facility management use, as
deliverables on new construction projects, is evidenced in a case study presented by the University of Southern
California. The authors point to three significant assumptions arising out of the analysed action plan: Revit was the
default BIM software; COBIE was adapted to help meet facility management goals; and EcoDomus provided a
display of the collected data viewed through Navisworks [12]. Asworth, Tucker and Druhmann (2016) propose FM-
BIM Mobilization Framework as a tool that makes it easier for facility managers to apply existing standards and
guidelines for the purpose of formulation and implementation of the FM strategy concentrated on the needs of the
client through integration of BIM and EIR (Employer’s Information Requirements) at the start of the BIM process,
assuming that FM will be a fundamental part of design and construction stages [13]. Authors who are occupied with
the subject of integration of BIM and FM refer to the issue of spatial information. They point out that a model or a
set of BIM models that contain parameters of a single building with no spatial context will be useless in FM
operations that focus on groups of buildings, such as for instance a college campus or an office complex. A proposal
put forward in the latest research is an integrated GIS-BIM platform, designed specifically for the needs of property
owners and facility managers, with the total scalability desired to meet a variety of business needs, including energy
management, facility management, space management and public safety [16].
Integration of sets of information under the above-described platform covers [16]:
• facility information: including reconciliation of information diversified in terms of types and formats, created
and entered into the system by various participants of the investment and construction process at different stages
of the process, in a spatial context;
• sensor information integration: with reference to the need to ensure efficient management of a set of data coming
from various sensors used for the needs of FM, including information about temperature, pressure, consumption
of thermal energy and electricity, noise level, interior light intensity and corresponding controllers;
• linking facility-sensor information to integrate static information (facility information) and dynamic information
(sensor information), with a solution that enables real-time monitoring of facility, systems and events;
• functional integration: refers to the consolidation of common FM system functions, including facility
information management, facility operation and maintenance, facility event management and facility information
visualization.
Visualization of information in form of a model that allows a spatial context can make it easier for FM technicians
to better utilise their cognitive and perceptual reasoning for various FM problem solving [16, 17].

2.2. FM of a smart building

The concept of a smart building does not have any standard definition, but it is often identified with
modern building automation systems (BAS). Most authors rely on the definition given by the US Intelligent
Building Institute (IBI) and the European Intelligent Building Group (EIBG). There is a difference in the approach
of the two, as the definition proposed by IBI centres on the advantages for property owners, whereas the definition
of EIBG highlights the benefits derived by the users. Nonetheless, the two definitions are consistent in stating that
the essence of a smart building is to ensure economic efficiency and eco-friendly operation of the building as well as
a great comfort and adequate indoor environment [21]. From the perspective of an occupant, a smart building should
be simple and functional, with all technical systems integrated thanks to application of IT solutions. Modern
building automation systems are distinguished by interoperability of devices, standard communication solutions,
high-level integration and upgraded performance characteristics. Smart buildings rely on smart technology, which
can be seen as technical systems' ability to control information throughout their electrical circuits [19].
The research into applications of advanced electronics and computer science in smart buildings is divided
into four major categories: energy efficiency, human security systems, telecommunications systems, workplace
automation. The key aspect here is to integrate all four areas into one coherent system.
 Krystyna Araszkiewicz / Procedia Engineering 196 (2017) 1034 – 1042 1039

IT systems used to operate smart buildings are designed to guard the property as well as all the resources found
inside it – infrastructure, systems, information. They can be integrated with ERP class systems (Enterprise Resource
Planning) to plan the exploitation of enterprise resources. The solutions sometimes imitate expert systems.
Contemporary systems allow for e.g. automatic error and defect detection, planning and control of inspections,
machine maintenance, end-to-end building security, or even determination of the indoor microclimate (e.g. oxygen,
dust, airflow direction, etc.) [20].
Energy costs account for around 30% of annual operating costs associated with building operation. A substantial
portion of such costs results from lack of integration of systems, inefficient equipment. It is estimated that
implementation of building energy management systems (BEMS), which optimise business processes inside the
building and enable efficient information management, can reduce costs of electricity by around 60%, cooling costs
by around 45% and heating costs by around 25% [3].
A substantial part of the analysed publications concerned with FM in smart buildings refers to the use of digital tools
and technology in monitoring and management of building energy balance. A thorough review of current results of
research described in 121 publications points to intense development of building control schemes for indoor
environments with the use of learning based methods. Those include artificial intelligence, fuzzy systems and neural
networks — fuzzy with conventional controls, adaptive fuzzy neural network (ANFIS) systems, the model based
predictive control (MPC) technique, which follows the principles of the classical controls; and agent based control
systems [24]. Martani et al. describe a new method of measuring occupant activity in terms of energy consumption,
using WiFi connections as a proxy for human occupancy [22]. The results of research into the application of a
presence sensor platform that can be used for accurate occupancy detection at the level of individual offices showed
potential energy savings from 10% to 15% [23]. There are also research studies into the development of control
systems with sensors to detect human activities and then a machine-learning algorithm is applied to intelligently
help consumers reduce the total payment on electricity without or with little consumer involvement [28].
Wang, Wang & Yang (2012), in turn, write about a hierarchical multiagent control system with an intelligent
optimizer. The system relies on the cooperation of four types of agents, which are switch agent, central coordinator-
agent, local controller-agent, and load agent. The system is optimised through the use of particle swarm optimization
(PSO), which enhances the intelligence of the entire building integrated with the microgrid system. For extra
comfort of the building occupants, a special platform has been designed with a graphical user interface (GUI) which
occupants can use to define preferences and monitor results [25, 27]. The goal of reduced building energy use is
often coupled with the desire for improved occupant comfort. This defines directions for further research and
development, largely concentrated on the development of tools for the needs of alternative management and control
of building systems and occupants, also through increased sensor data for building controls [26].

3. Case Study - The Edge, Amsterdam

The Edge is an office building with a total usable floor area of 40,000 m² located in the Zuidas – a business
district of Amsterdam. It was designed and built in line with the concept of a smart and sustainable building. The
main assumption at the design stage was to create an intuitive, convenient and productive workplace. The second
major project assumption was to develop solutions that would make it possible for the building to fulfil the
requirements for BREEAM Outstanding certificate, where buildings need to score a minimum of 85% to be awarded
the certificate. The building was assessed in respect of BREEAM Office requirements by an agency of the Building
Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology that awarded the building the highest score ever
recorded in the agency's history – 98.36%.
The special structure of the building brings a large amount of natural light inside. The building has been located
according to cardinal directions, taking into consideration the impact of sunlight on rooms and wall barriers. The
building uses around 70% less electricity compared to other comparable structures. The roof and south facade are
covered with photovoltaic panels. An aquifer thermal energy storage system including a heat pump provides energy
for heating and cooling of the building. The ceilings incorporate a network of water pipes that can be used to heat or
cool the building. One of the smart components of the Edge, essential from the point of view of FM, is a lighting
system. The system relies on the concept of Power over Ethernet (PoE) and connects light fixtures to the IT network
in the building based on electric power transmission technology. Aside from its core function, the lighting system
also plays a role of a communication network that lets occupants control and use other services available on the
1040 Krystyna Araszkiewicz / Procedia Engineering 196 (2017) 1034 – 1042

premises of the building via smartphones. Office light fixtures incorporate sensors that can gather data on the
number of people inside a room, the temperature and air humidity. The Edge has in all 28,000 sensors that measure
temperature, humidity, light intensity, traffic, etc. On the basis of the accumulated data, the system can predict a
failure of a specific device, specify a location that needs to be modified to save even more energy.
Light fixtures with wireless transceivers form a dense positioning network inside rooms whose operation is based
on principles similar to GPS technology, which allows occupants to take advantage of various services based on
their location, e.g. to find one's way inside the building. The lights connected to the IT network communicate with
other elements of the building's infrastructure, such as the heating system, ventilation or telecommunications
service. In effect, a facility manager has access to a collective system that displays the building status in real time,
with access to historical data. Knowing that there are empty rooms on a specific building floor, the system can
programme temperature and light settings and plan the work of cleaning personnel accordingly. The access to a
room occupancy schedule and familiarity with energy consumption levels result in more rational decisions and
exceptional energy and operational efficiency. The lighting system is just one of the many advanced digital solutions
that can be found in The Edge (table 1).

Table 1. Innovative solutions based on digital technology and tools in The Edge. Based on Deloitte documentation.

Innovative digital Conception and infrastructure Individuals Sustainability

solution
LED using PoE (Power Once PoE is being used an internet connection is
over Ethernet of available at each luminaire, allowing it to add
modern computer micro-processors and sensors.
networks) with build in Basic availability of light level is being controlled
light and non - light by IR (Remote).
sensors. Using coded Users are able to control the light level from their
light and workplace smartphones, using a technology called coded
level control by users light. The system is able to remember the user
smartphone, workplace preference, automatically setting the light level on
availability. each workplace in the building.
The sensors are not limited to light purposes,
basically any sensor can be used. Next to the
typical occupancy and day-light sensors, the
system has sensors for temperature and infrared.
Combined with the additional climate ceiling the
system allows individual temperature preference
Climate Ceiling Climate Ceilings control the temperature in an
on a very granular grid, office space much like floor heating does at home.
typically 18 m2, using The technology behind it is obviously more
temparture sensors in complex. Climate Ceilings are not new, however
the luminaire and due to their initial investments organizations have
allowing users to been reluctant to invest. Sustainability
control it by their requirements have increased the demand lately.
smartphones Basic availability by remote control. Users are able
to control both the light and the temperature
from their smartphones, using a technology called
coded light
Near-field The parking system provides the management and
communications (NFC) parking access for the building. Traditional card
technology and systems, NFC and license plate recognition are
smartphone enabled available on the user’s preference.
parking access. Parking systems are typically stand alone or low
Automatic signaling, integrated systems. Parking’s system in The Edge
integrated with visitor has been integrated with the building access and
management and visitor’s management system. Smartphone app
preference. that would help our users to provide the best
option to park their car.
User interface The single user interface (UX) visible to the users,
connecting all the functionality into a single HTML
(device independent solution). Basic functionality
required to use the building, mostly oriented at AV
systems and guiding the users to adopt the
building and find their way, including room
booking. Adding additional functionality using
API’s for the light system, lockers, parking, etc.
HTML is offered as the basis for the UX. In the
backend all 21 new technologies have been
standardized and store their data in standard SQL
databases. From all of these data sources data is
pulled into Microsoft BI platform. Using API’s from
each of the vendors makes the interfacing to drive
light, temperature, etc. from the UX
The system allows individuals to control their
personal light level.
While people have their own preference the
building has its own behavior due to sun light,
outside temperature and seasonal influence. The
user may still choose its own workplace but might
get a suggested seat based on his/her preference
combined with the building’s natural behavior.
Matching individual preference with the user’s
preference lowers the energy consumption of the
building even further.
LED light spectrum follows the day light curve,
lowering fatigue, increasing’s people energy level
true the day. LoE is using DC power, the typical
flickering of fluorescent tubes (TL) is gone.
The user gets feedback on his/her personal energy
consumption.
The user gets feedback on his/her personal energy
consumption. While people have their own
preference the building will have its own behavior
due to sun light, outside temperature and
seasonal influence. The user may still choose its
own workplace but might get a suggested seat
based on his/her preference combined with the
building’s natural behavior. Matching individual
preference with the user’s preference will lower
the energy consumption of the building even
further
Individuals can choose their preferred way of
access, either by card, phone (availability depend
heavily on phone manufacturer) or license plate.
Guest of the company never arrive spontaneously,
at the moment of acknowledging a meeting at a
company office the customer is able to choose
their preferred way of access.
By using a single platform and HTML the users are
protected against the individual apps for each of
the systems provided. End users would not adopt
all of the capabilities if they had to download an
app per system. A single user interface for
anything the user want is unique and makes day-
to-day live easier.
By using PoE conversion of main power to
the requirements of modern LED systems
result in less components, heat loss
reduction and easier installation.
PoE allows a very aggressive energy regime
on a very small grid. Light is completely
switched off at no occupancy, light levels
are initially lower, energy usage is down
and lifetime of the system is increased. The
sensor data will give the user insight in the
use of workplace and meeting rooms
allowing the cleaning to be adjusted to
usage.
Offices typically have a limited granularity
(grid) of driving air flow, CO2 and
temperature. As soon as people arrive large
areas in open space turn to the buildings
default levels, consuming unnecessary
amount of energy. While people associate
light with energy the actual energy
consumption for air, CO2 and temperature
are many times bigger than light.
By using license plate recognition to access
the parking garage, the flow of traffic is
improved (faster access). Due to speeding
up the process, less stops are required
while entering or leaving the building,
lowering the fuel consumption and CO2
emission.
Maintaining a single platform for all
integration and systems saves on
infrastructure, people and cost contributing
to sustainability.
 Krystyna Araszkiewicz / Procedia Engineering 196 (2017) 1034 – 1042 1041

LED lighting systems save up to 80% of energy compared to conventional light sources. The individual lighting
control system generates even more savings, as it allows for reduction of intensity of general lighting in office
rooms. Assuming that on the scale of the entire building even 70% of energy is consumed by the heating, air
conditioning and lighting systems, the solution introduced in the Edge offers great savings in building maintenance
costs. The building is a showcase of sustainability, technology and facility practices combined with the internet of
things. Data Analytics capabilities with the data collected gives facility managers and it’s customers insight in the
way people are using this building, to improve the sustainability, lower the operations cost and provide a maximum
comfort in user and customer experience.

4. Summary

According to economic forecasts, the next years will be critical for the Facility Management market. With the
growth and spread of FM services, innovations based on new business models and digitisation will be crucial for
development. Digital technology that supports FM, e.g. Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data management systems and
advanced connectivity will affect the efficiency of facility managers and their clients. Market analyses suggest that,
by 2025, the FM market will be worth USD 945,11 billion, with integrated facility management (IFM) being the
fastest developing segment [29]. The integration of people, process, place and technology (IFMA, 2013) discipline
are the main core to achieve the business objective and sustainability environment in the workplace [30]. The
challenges associated with the development of FM identified in the article include: interoperability and enhancement
of data integration; augmented knowledge management and enriched training and competence development for
facility managers. In terms of development of digital technology, a critical area is the integration of GIS, BIM and
BEMS for more intuitive and effective facility management.

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