represents mass flow per unit area per unit time.

The absolute flux of any

constituent as seen by a stations observer = Diffusion flux + bulk motion flux.
i.e.,P A umass

or Diffusion flux, ¯ PA umass ¯ ...(13.17)

Similarly, on molar basis,
Diffusion flux — m (uA ummar) ...(13.18)
Example 13.1. The molecular weights of the two components A and B of a gas mixture are 24 and
28 respectively. The molecular weight ofgas mixture is found to be 30. If the mass concentration of the
mixture is 1.2 kgm3, determine the following:

(i) Molar fractions, (ii) Mass fractions, and (iii) Total pressure
if the temperature of the mixture is 290 K.

Given: MA 24, MB 30, p 1.2kg/m 290 K

Mole concentration of the mixture, C = —p - 1 2 = 0.04

M 30
Also, CA+C -C ...[Eqn. (13.5)]
or, CA +CB = 0.04 and,B = 48 C
But,. [Eqn. (13.4)]
24 q +48% = 1.2
Solving eqns. (i) and (ii), we get
CA = 0.03 kg mole/m3 and CB = 0.01 kg mole/m 3
= 0.72 kg/m3; and . = 0.48 kg/m3
(i) Molar fractions, xA and x :
0 03
(Ans.) c 0.04
001
= 0.25 (Ans.)
C0.04

1.2
p
48
—— —Z— = 0.4 (Ans.)
p 1.2
(iii) Total pressure at T = 290 K, p:
Using the perfect gas equation for the mixture, we get
= mRT

[G (universal gas constant) = MR = 8.314 kJ[kg mole K]

8.314 p = 1.2 x x 290 = 96.4
kPa (Ans.)
30
Example 13.2.A vessel contains a binary mixture ofO andN2 with partial pressures in
the ratio
0.21 and 0.79 at 15 0C. The total pressure of the mixture is 1.1 bar. Calculate the following:
(i) Molar concentrations, (i i) Mass densities,
(iii) Mass fractions, and (iv) Molar fractions of each species.
Solution. Given : T = 15 + 273 = 288 K,p= 1.1 bar= 1.1 x 105 N/m2.

(i) Molar concentrations, c02 and CN

0.21 x 1.1 x 105

=
02 8314 x 288 0.00965 kg mole/m3 (Ans.)

PN2 0.79 x 1.1 x 105

= 0.0363 kg mole/m3 (Ans.)
8314 x 288
(ii) Mass densities P02 and PN
The mass densities of O and N2, as calculated from the relation p = MC [Eqn. (13. l] are:
= M 02 x C02 = 32 x 0.00965 = 0.309 kWm3 (Ans.)
= MN2 = 28 X 0.0363 = 1.016 kg/m3 (Ans.)