Agricultural science

Diseases:
Fungus/ Fungi – spores in the air falls on plants enters via stomata.
Rust: reddish/ orange patches on stem cereals.
Smut- galls with black powdery spores- cereal grains.
Powdery mildew- white powder on leaves or fruits of vine crops grape,
pumpkin.
Blight – potato blight lesions of leaves stems and tubes blacked.
Damping of- seedlings wire stem (Stem things tough) grey mold on stems and
leaves; root rot cabbage / tomato seedlings.
2 Bacteria/ bacterium
Bacteria wilt – banana yellowing of leaves premature of leaves fall
Xylem leaves disrupted therefore slim fluid produce further blocking vessels.
Fluid may smell.
Fire blight: affects blossom and young shoot limbs prevent fruit formation –
limb/ shoot appears black.
3 Viruses- carried by vectors such S APHIDS & WHITEFLIES
- MOSAIC Viruses – leaf looks mottle with spots of yellow & green.
Tomato, tobacco, stunted and bushy.
- Leaf curl- appear curl, stunting / reduced growth.
- 4 mycoplasmas- yellowing of leaves, stunted growth bunchy top in
papaya.
- Protozoa- Heart rot & lethal yellowing in coconut. Yellow – brown leaves
and fruit fall.
- Insect pest- Biting and chewing- Cricket and grasshoppers – seedlings.
- Diamond back moths- larvae/caterpillar
- Cabbage looper- cabbage
- Beet army worm- scater pillar
- Scallion and onion.
- Fruit fly- maggot.
- Termite- woody stem/ roots.
- Flea beetle- regular shaped rounded holes.
- Banana bores/ weevil.
- Nematode- cause swelling or galls on roots, root knotting affect tree crops
– citrus also affects banana pineapple and tomatoes.
- Sucking and piercing mouth parts.
- Aphids – whiteflies) vector transmit diseases.
- ANS to no 1
- Affected by fungus damp-off diseases (wire stem).
- Lack of nitrogen
- Lack of magnesium
- Poor exposure to sunlight
- 2 ans
- Staking, mounding and mulching, fertilization, needs potassium,
Irrigation natural rain.
- 3b
- Reduce yield/ size competition for nutrients, water and sunlight. Impaired
cultural activities.
- 3a
- Weed management- Size of land maximize usage
- Manual and mechanical field operation shape of land &contouring.
- 100cm= 1m 100*100= 10,000cm2 30*30 = 900cm2
10,000/900 = 11 seedlings.
- Manage nematodes
- Solarization of potting mix. Nematodecide reduce
the water in soil content.
- Green manure is the process of restoring the soil nutrients or the
ploughing of cover crops in the soil as cover crops.