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GRADE XI
UNIT 8

MIXED CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

(‘IF CLAUSE’)

Compiled by:

CATHARINA AWANG WARA KINANTHI, S.PD

Standar Kompetensi :
Menulis
Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks esei berbentuk report, narrative, dan analytical exposition dalam
konteks kehidupan sehari-hari

Kompetensi Dasar :
Mengungkapkan makna dan langkah retorika dalam esei dengan menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis
secara akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dalam teks berbentuk:
report, narrative, dan analytical exposition.

Tujuan Pembelajaran:
Siswa dapat:
- menggunakan tata bahasa, kosa kata, tanda baca, ejaan, dan tata tulis dengan akurat
- menulis gagasan utama
- Membuat kalimat-kalimat dengan menggunakan ’mixed conditionals'

Pendidikan Nilai Serviam:

- Kegigihan : Melalui pembelajaran tentang Conditional Sentence (Mixed
Conditional) peserta didik mampu untuk menyelesaikan latihan dengan gigih.
- Kejujuran : Melalui pembelajaran tentang (Mixed Conditional) peserta didik
mampu untuk menyelesaikan latihan dan test dengan jujur.

Peta Konsep

Conditional
Sentence

Conditional
Sentence type 1,2,3,
zero

Mixed Conditional
What is conditional sentence?
Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to
express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain
condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled.

There are some types of conditional sentence. Those are:

1. Zero type Conditional

We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if
clause' and one in the 'main clause'):

If + [ present simple ], .... present simple.

Examples:
- If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.
- If people eat too much, they get fat.
- If you touch a fire, you get burned.

2. Conditional Type 1
sentences are used when it is likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

"if" +[ Simple Present ], "will" + [Verb]

Examples

- If it rains, I won't go to the park.

- If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
- If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes

3. Conditional Sentence Type 2

Type 2 sentences are used when it is unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled.

"if" + [Simple past], "would" + [Verb]

Examples:

- If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery)
- If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
- She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
4. Conditional Sentence Type 3

Type 3 sentences are used when it is impossible for condition to be fulfilled because the
possibility has already passed.

"if" + [Past Perfect], "would have" + [Past Participle]

Examples

- If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't
study and so she didn't pass)
- If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did
feel sick).
- If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane

REVIEW ON CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

A. Put the correct Conditional Sentence!

(Conditional Sentence type Zero, 1, 2, 3)

1) (I / wake up late / I / be late for work)

_______________________________________________________________
2) (my husband / cook / he / burn the food)
_______________________________________________________________
3) (Julie / not wear a hat / she / get sunstroke)
______________________________________________________
4) If I __________________ (go) out tonight, I __________________ (go) to the
cinema.
5) If you __________________ (get) back late, I __________________ (be) angry.
6) If we __________________ (not / see) each other tomorrow, we
__________________ (see) each other next week.
7) If I _________________ (be) you, I _________________ (get) a new job.
8) If he _________________ (be) younger, he _________________ (travel) more.
9) If we _________________ (not / be) friends, I _________________ (be) angry
with you.
10) If you ______________ (not / be) late, we ______________ (not / miss) the bus.
 11) If she ______________ (study), she ______________ (pass) the exam.
12) If we ______________ (arrive) earlier, we ______________ (see) John.

5. Mixed Conditional
Mixed conditionals are those unreal conditional sentences whose time in the if-clause is
different than the time in the main-clause.

A. PRESENT RESULT OF A PAST CONDITION

FORM
In this type of mixed conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the past perfect,
and the tense in the main clause is the present conditional.

If clause (condition) Main clause (result)

If + past perfect present conditional

If this thing had happened that thing would happen.

Examples:

 If I had studied I would have my driving license. (but I didn't study and now I don't
have my license)
 I would be a millionaire now if I had taken that job. (but I didn't take the job and I'm
not a millionaire)
 If you had spent all your money, you wouldn't buy this jacket. (but you didn't spend
all your money and now you can buy this jacket)
 If you had crashed the car, you might be in trouble.

B. PAST RESULT OF PRESENT OR CONTINUING CONDITION

In this second type of mixed conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the simple
past, and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional.

If clause (condition) Main clause (result)

If + simple past perfect conditional

If this thing happened that thing would have happened.

 Examples:

 If she wasn't afraid of flying she wouldn't have travelled by boat.

 I'd have been able to translate the letter if my Italian was better.
 If I was a good cook, I'd have invited them to lunch.
 If the elephant wasn't in love with the mouse, she'd have trodden on him by now.

TRUE : It is raining right now, so I will not go for a walk

CONDITIONAL : If it were not raining right now, I would go for a walk.

TRUE : I was not living in Jakarta last year. I was not working at a bank.
CONDITIONAL : If I had been living in Jakarta last year, I would have been
working at a bank.

EXERCISE
1. She will be taking care of the children for us next weekend because her business trip was
cancelled.
But, she (take, not) would not be taking care of the children for us next weekend if her
business trip (be, not) had not been cancelled.
2. Tom is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him yesterday.
But, he (come) ____________________if you (insult) _________________ him.
3. Marie is unhappy because she gave up her career when she got married.
But, Marie (be) ____________________happy if she (give, not)____________________
up her career when she got married.
4. Dr. Mercer decided not to accept the research grant at Harvard because he is going to take
six months off to spend more time with his family.
But, Dr. Mercer (accept) ____________________the research grant at Harvard if he (take,
not)____________________six months off to spend more time with his family.
5. Professor Schmitz talked so much about the Maasai tribe because she is an expert on
African tribal groups.
But, Professor Schmitz (talk, not) ____________________so much about the Maasai tribe
if she (be, not) ____________________an expert on African tribal groups.
 OMITTING IF
a) Were I you, I wouldn’t do that
b) Had I known, I would have told you.

With were and had (past perfect), sometimes if is omitted and the subject and verb are
inverted.
In (a): Were I you = If I were you.
In (b): Had I known = If I had known

If can be replaced by words or expressions with a similar meaning.

The most common are:

as long as provided (that)
assuming (that) supposing (that)
on condition (that) unless
on the assumption (that) with the condition (that)

EXERCISE
A. Choose the correct answer

1. If I ________ you, I would apologize to her right away. (to be)

a) was b) were c) have been
2. 2. If I run into her, I ________ her that you're looking for her. (to tell)
a) would tell b) tell c) will tell
3. 3. If you ________ that again, I will call the police. (to do)
a) to do b) do c) will do
4. 4. He would never have asked her out on a date if she ________ him first. (to kiss)
a) hadn't kissed b) didn't kiss c) will not kiss
5. 5. If you were her, what ________? (to do)
a) would you do b) did you do c) do you do
6. 6. If she hadn't gone to England, she ________ Orlando Bloom. (to meet)
a) would not meet b) did not meet c) would not have met
7. 7. If it doesn't start snowing, we ________ this evening. (to go skiing)
a) won't go skiing b) wouldn't go skiing c) don't go skiing
8. 8. If you had saved some money earlier, you ________ broke right now. (to be)
a) would not have been b) will not be c) are not
9. 9. If I ________ at the airport so late, I would not have missed my flight. (to arrive)
a) didn't arrive b) hadn't arrived c) would not arrive
10. 10. If you buy one t-shirt, you ________ the second one free (to get).
a) will have gotten b) would get c) get
11. Michael is a banker and he enjoys his work very much. However, if he __________
back to college next year he __________ a teacher so he could help children more.
a. goes ... will become
b. went ... would become
c. had gone ... would have become
12. Harry is a serious criminal. If he _________ one more crime he _________ to jail.
a. commits ... will be sent
b. committed ... would be sent
c. had committed ... would have been sent
13. There is a lot of evidence against your client. If she __________ to the crime I
_________ sure that her sentence is lenient.
a. admits ... will make
b. admitted ... would make
c. had admitted ... would have made
14. I am sure she didn't do it, so if my client __________ to the crime she __________
lying.
a. admits ... will be
b. admitted ... would be
c. had admitted ... would have been
15. It is her decisions, so I __________ her if she __________ to accept your offer.
a. will ask ... wants
b. would ask ... wanted
c. would have asked ... had wanted
16. If the police _______ the murder weapon she __________ put in prison last year.
a. find ... will be
b. found ... would be
c. had found ... would have been
17. If they __________ to arrest until last month she __________ the country.
a. wait ... will leave
b. waited ... would leave
c. had waited ... would have left
18. When the jury __________ into the courtroom they __________ straight at the
accused.
a. comes ... will look
b. came ... would look
c. had come ... would have looked
 19. I believe that mankind is generally honest. Most people __________ the truth if they
__________ to do so.
a. will tell ... swear
b. would tell ... swore
c. would have told ... had sworn
20. I know it's not likely, but if she __________ her plea to guilty she __________ less
than five years in prison.
a. changes ... will get
b. changed ... would get
c. had changed ... would have gotten

B. Give sentences with the same meaning by omitting if from the conditional sentences.
1. The other team committed a foul, but the referee didn’t see it. If the referee had seen it, our
team would have won the game.
Had the referee seen it, our team would have won the game.
2. Your boss sounds like a real tyrant. If I were you, I would look for another job.
_________________________________________________________
3. The factory was on the verge of bankruptcy. If it had gone out of business, hundreds of
people would have lost their livelihood.
_________________________________________________________
4. We would have won the game if Thompson had caught the ball.
_________________________________________________________
5. If Thompson had not dropped the ball, we would have won the game
_________________________________________________________
6. The artists and creative thinkers throughout the history of the world have changed all our
lives. If they had not dared to be different, the history of civilization would have to be
rewritten

________________________________________________________________________

C. Create Your Own

Finish the sentences with a clause in the correct conditional

1) If it is sunny tomorrow ______________________________________________

2) If you sit in the sun too long __________________________________________

3) If I were you ______________________________________________________

4) If I were the Prime Minister __________________________________________

5) If she had studied harder_____________________________________________

6) If I won the lottery _________________________________________________

7) If I hadn’t gone to bed so late _________________________________________

8) If I hadn’t come to London __________________________________________

9) If you mix water and electricity _______________________________________

10) If she hadn’t stayed at home __________________________________________

11) If I go out tonight__________________________________________________

12) If I were on holiday today ___________________________________________

13) If I had listened to my mother ________________________________________

14) If I hadn’t eaten so much ____________________________________________

15) If it rains later _____________________________________________________

16) If I were British ___________________________________________________

17) If I were the opposite sex ____________________________________________

18) If I have enough money _____________________________________________

19) If you don’t wear a coat in the winter __________________________________

20) If I weren’t studying English _________________________________________

GLOSSARY

Word Definition
Clause a group of words, consisting of a subject and
/klɔːz/ /klɑːz/ noun [ C ] a finite form of a verb (= the form that shows
the tense and subject of the verb) which
might or might not be a sentence

REFERENCES
Azar, B.S. 1989. Understanding and using English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall,
Inc.
Puchta, et al. 2013. English in mind. 5th ed. Cambridge: University press
http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/mixed-conditional/ Retrieved on: 6 March,
2015
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/conditionals.html Retrieved on: 6 March,
2015
http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/conditional-mixed-exercises.html Retrieved on: 13
March, 2