GRAMMAR LESSONS

CONDITIONALS

L3 microbiology (course 4) L3 (2021/2022)

By SAIDI Yasmine
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN

Conditional 0
Conditional 1
Conditional 2
Conditional 3
Mixed conditionals
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Main clause If clause

Result Condition

OR

If clause , Main clause

Condition Result

A clause is a part of a sentence that has a verb and , tipically, a subject. It can stand as a
complete sentence and functions as an adjective, an adverb or a noun
 5 TYPES OF CONDITIONALS

Type 0 Type 1
A general truth. Probable event happening in the
Likelihood = 100% future.
If can be replaced by when. Likelihood = > 90%

Type 2
Type 3
Present or future improbable
Past hypothetical/unreal
situations.
situations.
Likelihood = < 2%

Mixed conditionals
Present hypothetical/unreal situation with a past
result.
Past hypothetical/unreal situation with a present
result.
 Zero conditional
Tenses
Uses
Examples
Exercise
TENSES AND USES

If clause Main clause

Tenses

Condition Result

Present simple
Present (simple, perfect,
progressive) Present perfect

Present progressive

•Facts which are generally true

Uses

•Facts that are always true

•Scientific facts
•Conditions that have always the same results
 EXAMPLES

If you freeze water, it turns into ice.

If the students answer the exam correctly, they get high

grades.

If you drink enough water daily,

daily you are well hydrated
EXERCISES

1. Put the verbs in brackets in the right tense.

tense
If you (heat) the ice, it (melt).
If they (have) a good training, they (continue) it for six more days.
A cell (use) a macromolecule as a source of energy if it (break down) it
first with extracellular enzymes.

2. Decide which sentences are the “if ” or “main clauses”

and form your conditional sentences.
sentences
It rains. you get wet.
We have bad sleep. We eat dinner just before we sleep.
She can’t talk to you. She is eating.
 First conditional
Tenses
Uses
Examples
Exercise
TENSES AND USES

If clause Main clause

Tenses

Condition Result

Simple future (perfect, progressive

Present (simple, perfect,
progressive) Imperative

Can, may, might

•For real or highly likeli future situations

Uses

•Predictions
•Promises
•Possibility
•Cause and consequences
 EXAMPLES

If you get high grades, you can enroll for an important

university.

If you finish work early,

early you will be free to leave.
leave

If I get a new job, I will / can / may buy you a nice gift
EXERCISES
1. Put the verbs in brackets in the right tense.
tense
If she (do) not hurry, she (miss) the bus.
If you (lend) him some money, he (give) it back to you.
If we (not leave) the house now, we (be) late for work.
work

2. Decide which sentences are the “if” or “the main

clauses” and form your conditional sentences.
I send him an invitation. I find his address.
You pass your exam. You study hard.
It rains. We go not to the cinema
 Second conditional
Tenses
Uses
Examples
Exercise
TENSES AND USES

If clause Main clause

Tenses

Condition Result

Would + infinitive
Past (simple, progressive)
Could + infinitive

Might + infinitive

Impossible or improbable situations in the past and the future

Uses

•Impossible
•Hypothesis
•Unlikely situations
•Unreal situations
•Give advice
EXAMPLES
If you had a good photographic memory,
memory you wouldn’t need to
take notes from books.

If I were you
you, I wouldn’t eat that food.

If he participated in the election,, people wouldn’t choose him

EXERCISES
1. Put the verbs in brackets in the right tense.
If I (have) money I (buy) a car.
If I (know) the answer, I (tell) it to you.
If I (know) her address , I (pay a visit) her.
her

Decide which sentences are the “if” or “the main clauses” and
form your conditional sentences.
I (not do) this. I (be) you.
Sea water (be) salty. We (water) the plants with it.
I (have) a map. I (lend) it to you.
 T
Third conditional
Tenses
Uses
Examples
Exercise
TENSES AND USES

If clause Main clause

Tenses

Condition Result

Past perfect (simple, progressive) Would + have + PP

•For hypothetical situations in the past (situations that didn’t occur / unreal /
imaginary situations)
Uses

•Indicate that present circumstances might have been different , had

circumstances in the past differed
•Theoretical past situations,. Regrets
•An impossible situation because it had already happened
EXAMPLES
If I had been studying hard enough,
enough I would have passed the
microbiology exam. (But I didn’t study hard enough)

If the child had seen the toys in the shop, he probably would
have wanted his mother to buy them for him

If I had waited for you more, I would have missed the plane
EXERCISE
Put the verbs in bold in the right tense.
tense

If she find his phone number, she call him for the party.
If he drive carefully, he have not an accident.
If they have more money, they buy some very good fourniture.
fourniture
If we buy the necessary ingredients, we make a tasty and healthy cake.
If I have her address, I send her an invitation.
 Mixed conditionals
Tenses
Uses
Examples
Exercise
TENSES AND USES

If clause Main clause

Tenses

Condition Result

Present condition Past or future result

Past condition Present or future result

Future condition Present or past result

Uses

•Always express unreal or impossible situations.

•The condition and the consequence are situated in different periods of time
MOST COMMUN

If clause , Main clause

Conditional 2 Conditional 3

Past simple Would + have + PP

If clause , Main clause

Conditional 3 Conditional 2

Past perfect Would + infinitive

EXAMPLES
Conditions Results

If we worked hard, (C2, present) we would received better grades. (C3, past).

If we worked hard, (C2, present) we would receive better grades. (Future).

If we had worked hard, (C3, past) wee would receive better grades now. (Present)

If we had worked hard, (C3, past) we would be receiving better grades at the
end of this semester. (Future).

If we were going to travel, (Future) we would be very excited. (Present)

If you weren’t working with us, we would have looked for a replacement.
(Future) (past
past).
 EXERCISE

1. Put the verbs in bold in the right tense.

tense

If they were rich, they buy a new house.

house
If you spend more time revising,you would have succeeded.
If I be not too busy last week, I would have asked my friends to join me.
If she had listened to your advice, she not be in trouble now.
If he be a good cook, she would have prepared us a nice meal.