METERING SOLUTION

Orifice plate flow measurement

Single chamber orifice carrier
Double chamber orifice carrier
Meter run
Flow computer and transmitter
Metering package
1
 METERING SOLUTION

Million of kilometres of pipelines are spread all over the world, more and more fluids are
transported through pipelines, metering solutions are every day more needed. Based on 30 years
of experience, PIPING TECHNOLOGIE/LALL STORM develops a full range of products specially
designed for metering application, from a simple single orifice carrier to a complete metering
package. This brochure exposes PIPING TECHNOLOGIES/ LALL STORM product line in the
field of metering solution.

METERING SOLUTION
1) INTRODUCTION
1.1 Principle
1.2 Benefits
1.3 Construction

2) SINGLE CHAMBER
2.1 Introduction/description
2.2 Benefits
2.3 Detailed description :
2.3.1 Design
2.3.2 Body, rigid & compact designed
2.3.3 Orifice support - twin seal / condensate drainage
2.3.4 Orifice plate dismantling safety feature
2.3.5 Metallurgy
* Documents
* NDE
2.3.6 Quality assurance

3) DOUBLE CHAMBER
3.1 Introduction/description
3.2 Benefits
3.3 Detailed description :
3.3.1 Design
3.3.2 Rigid and compact body design
3.3.3 Orifice support design according to latest AGA3 / API
mpm14.3 standard
2
3.3.4 Upper chamber
3.3.5 Orifice plate dismantling
 METERING SOLUTION

3.3.6 Metallurgy
* Documents
* NDE
3.3.7 Quality assurance

4) METER RUN

METERING SOLUTION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Upstream and downstream lengths
4.3 Upstream inside diameter roughness and alignment
4.4 Construction
4.5 Orientation
4.5.1 Unidirectional meter run
4.5.2 Bi-directional meter run
4.6 Quality assurance

5) INSTRUMENTATION AND FLOW COMPUTER

5.1 Instrumentation
- Relative pressure transmitter
- Temperature pressure transmitter
- Configuration
* Standard
* Double space
* Puy and check
- Flow Computer

6) REFERENCE LIST
7) ISO 9001 CERTIFICATE

8) CONTACT
PIPING TECHNOLOGIES – GROUPE GENOYER
9/11 Rue de lisbonne - ZI LES ESTROUBLANS, BP61
F-13742 VITROLLES, FRANCE
Tel : +33 4 42 79 48 00 - Fax : +33 4 42 79 48 99 3
Web site: http://www.genoyer.com - E.mail: pipingtech@genoyer.com
 METERING SOLUTION

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Principle
For many years, flow measurement through orifice plate has proved to be the most efficient
solution. International standard as ISO EN5167 and AGA 3 (API MPM 14.3) lead this
technology being the most well known understandable in the world. Furthermore new
technologies in pressure transmitters forward the accuracy of this method. The typical orifice
plate, flow measurement, is described as follow :

METERING SOLUTION
ORIFICE
PLATE
FLOW

Differenti
al
pressure

The flow is given by the differential pressure with a formula :

Flow= K √ Dp

K depends upon the physical properties of the fluid that can be corrected by the temperature
and the absolute pressure and the geometry of the meter run. The exact calculation formulas
are given by ISO EN 5167 and AGA 3 (API MPM 14.3)

1.2 Benefits
The main benefits of such solution are :
•the meter run doesn’t need to be calibrated at regular internal. The calibration has to
be made only on the pressure transmitters.Therefore, the line does not need to be
dismantled for calibration.
•Large dynamic range of flow thanks to the installation of double DP, and accurate
pressure transmitters.
•No maintenance needed for Piping Technologies orifice carrier (single chamber and
double chamber).
•The most economical solution for flow measurement on the main transport pipeline.
Double chamber orifice carrier do not need line end ball valve.
•the sensitivity is given only by value of the pipe ID, the orifice plate ID and the
conformity of the manufacturing to the ISO and API. 4
 METERING SOLUTION

1.3. Construction
Three different constructions are possible for a metering system.

Orifice flange meter tube:

The line has to be dismantled to change the orifice plate. It is generally used when the flow is
constant or in the case, the pipe diameter is small. The commissioning can be difficult as the
orifice plate restrain all the dirt.

METERING SOLUTION
Single chamber meter tube :
The line do not need to be dismantled to change the orifice plate but the flow has to be
stopped. It is the most economical solution, mainly, when twin line are used. Each side of the
meter run has to be equipped with ball valve.

Double chamber meter tube :

The orifice plate can be changed under pressure without stopping the flow. This solution is the
most common for line transport because the double chamber orifice carrier do not need to be
equipped with valve at each end. No dismantling of the line is needed to calibrate the flow
element.

5
 SINGLE CHAMBER CARRIER

2) SINGLE CHAMBER ORIFICE CARRIER

2.1 Introduction / description

SINGLE CHAMBER CARRIER

Single chamber orifice carriers are mostly used on multichannel meter run installation. Each line
can be isolated with ball valve at each ends, allowing thus the removal of the orifice plate without
dismantling the pipe work.
The construction of the single chamber orifice carrier is very simple, no the maintenance program
is needed.

16’’ double neck type API 9’’ 10 000 flanged neck type

The single chamber orifice carrier is constructed as follow:

Protection plate

Body top Cover

Body

Orifice Plate Holder

“Double seal” gasket

Orifice plate

A-A

Flow Direction

6
 SINGLE CHAMBER CARRIER

2.2 Benefits
The most recognised benefits of Piping Technologies Lall Torm single chamber are :
• The single chamber is very compact (2 to 3 time compared to common size for large
dimension). It can be easily integrated in a pipe work

SINGLE CHAMBER CARRIER

• the body is fully forged and machined. This construction avoids leakage between the
pressure taps that may arise with casted products
• as the body is forged F60 or F65 grade are easily and achievable. Therefore, it is easily
integrable in the pipework.

As the body is forged, dedicated metallurgy can be offered such as F60 or F65, Duplex
or Superduplex.
Good traceability can be easily achieved.
Orifice support technology permits an easy drainage of the condensates and a perfect low
pressure sealing

2.3 Detailed description

2.3.1 Design

The single chamber orifice carriers have been designed according to ASME VIII code and Finite
Element Analysis. Allowable stresses are generally based on particular project specification such
as B31.8, B31.4, PED 97/23 CE. Great care has been forward into the deformation of the sealing
surface in order to warranty a perfect sealing during the operation. All these design analyses
have been carried out taking into consideration the pressure load end effect. PIPING
TECHNOLOGIES / LALLSTORM can also, for particular projects, take into consideration for the
design bending moments and radial efforts.

2.3.2 Body, rigid and compact designed

The body is manufactured from a

rectangular section forged ring where the
centre hole is eccentric to the outer
diameter. Thus the main thickness of the
body is placed on the upper section
offering an efficient reinforcement on the
top opening. In comparison with the
standard cast version, for large
dimensions, the forged version is almost 2
or 3 times narrower. The body basic
design is double welding neck type. Thus,
it is easy to customize the single chamber
to a dedicated application. 7
 SINGLE CHAMBER CARRIER

2.3.3 Orifice support design according to

the latest AGA3 API MPM 14.3 standard

SINGLE CHAMBER CARRIER

Large investments have been carried out during the last past years to offer high performances
into the design of the orifice support. The unique ‘DOUBLESEAL’ orifice support offers high
tightness efficiency. The specially shaped gaskets are fully vulcanised into the orifice support.
The first gasket acts between the body and the support
The second gasket acts between the support and the orifice

Orifice

Protrusion S
S
Double Seal Gaskets

Orifice plate holder

Orifice carrier body

The sealing gasket is prestressed at time of

installations. The differential pressure produced by
the flow through the orifice increases the sealing
pressure and then the tightness. Due to the
specially shaped gasket the seating pressure is low
.Thus the dismantling of the orifice support becomes
very easy. The unique «DOUBLESEAL» orifice
support offers very small protrusion recesses that
are much smaller than the latest requirements of the
AGA3/API MPM 14.3 standards. The gap between
the orifice support and the body below 3mm instead
of 6.35mm required by the standard system.

Condensat

Drainage
FLOW of the
condensat

A machining is made on the upstream

1/2 NPT side of the orifice support, Thus the 8
condensates can flow away,
 SINGLE CHAMBER CARRIER

2.3.4 Orifice plate dismantling safety feature

SINGLE CHAMBER CARRIER

Protection of personnel has always been a
major preoccupation of PIPING
TECHNOLOGIES / LALL STORM
development.
In term to protect the bolt cover and to
avoid the opening top cover under
pressure, a safety system has been
installed. A bleed screw forbid the
dismantling of the protection plate.
Bleed Screw
Protection plate

While unscrewing the bleed screw and

audible alarm will happen in case of
pressure in the meter run.

When there is no more pressure inside the

line, the vent screw can be removed in
order to dismantle the orifice.

9
 SINGLE CHAMBER CARRIER

2.3.5 Metallurgy
PIPING TECHNOLOGIES / LALL STORM single chamber orifice carriers are generally
manufactured in large size (over 12’’) for gas/oil transport projects and in small size for high-
pressure production project. The most common metallurgy used for pipe is X60/X65. In term to

SINGLE CHAMBER CARRIER

integrate the single chamber orifice carrier in the most economical way in this pipe line, PIPING
TECHNOLOGIES / LALLSTORM offers the body in forged version with A694 F60/F65 grade
according to project specific flange specification.
For very large sizes, over 30’’ test coupon for mechanical properties can even been taken directly
from the forging. Mechanical properties can be in this case fully warranted.
Non destructive examinations are carried out either according to code or according to project
specification.
Pressure tests are carried out as a standard practice. For butt weld version, it is welded at both side
of the orifice carrier a flanged sleeve for the installation of a clamped blind. For flanged neck version
is generally welded or machined at one end a flanged sleeve for the installation of clamped blind .In
all cases, the hydraulic pressure tests are carried out in a such way the orifice carrier faces the
pressure thrust load.

This document gives a summary of the material of the standard version and the alternatives.
Generally the products are manufactured according to the project requirements; nevertheless this
information permits to select more economical solutions.

STANDARD SOLUTION ALTERNATIVE

Body Forged A694 F60 or F65 Duplex etc…

Body top cover Plate A516 Gr 60 to 70 A694 F60/65

Orifice support Carbon steel nickel coated AISI 304/316

Orifice plate SS steel AISI 304/316

Gaskets on orifice NBR (leap seal moulded in BS2494 grd G • VITON (leap seal moulded in
plate holder one piece) one piece)
• Explosive Decompression
Resistant Fluocarbon

Gasket between NBR (lip seal moulded in • VITON (lip seal moulded in one
body and cover one piece) piece)
• Explosive Decompression
Resistant Fluocarbon

Bolting B7/2H A193/A194 A320/L7-194/Grd4

Bleed screw AISI 304

10
Documents
The standard document package includes:
• Data sheet
• Calculation note
• Material certificates type 3.1B for under pressure parts NDT certificates

As option we can supply :

• Quality and control plan
• Project dedicated document presentation
Etc…

Non destructive examination

There are always carried out according to customer specification or
construction code. They can be as follow:
· Ultrasonic examination to ASME A388 with acceptation levels to ASME
VIII Div 2 para AM 203.2 (C) to (F) on blank forging and plate
· M.P.I on weld end preparation to ASME VII Procedure ASME V Article 7
with acceptance levels on ASME VIII Div 1
• Die Penetrant examination

2.3.6 Quality assurance

Quality assurance will be in accordance with our own
company manual. The procedure set out in our manual
have been vetted and audited and PIPING
TECHNOLOGIES has been awarded a Certificate of
Compliance for meeting the requirement of ISO 9001.

11
 DOUBLE CHAMBER

3) DOUBLE CHAMBER ORIFICE CARRIER

3.1 Introduction / description

The flow measurement through orifice plate is the most common technology used in the world.
Experts even think that the applications of this technology will progress in the next few years.
Despite the incoming of new technologies such as turbine or ultrasonic, the development of
new microprocessor based on differential pressure transmitters push forward the orifice plate
flow measurement with double chamber carrier as the most efficient method.

DOUBLE CHAMBER
Based on 30 years of experience in the oil and
gas field PIPING TECHNOLOGIES /
LALLSTORM has developed a large range of
forged body double chamber orifice carriers
offering unique features.

20’’ 600 lbs FLANGE NECK double chamber orifice carrier 12

 DOUBLE CHAMBER

The double chamber orifice carrier is used when the orifice plate has to be changed while the
line is operating. For that purpose an interface upper body has been added on the top of the
single chamber orifice carrier.

The double chamber orifice carrier is built up as follow:

1 Slipping support 1

DOUBLE CHAMBER
2 “T” Shape clamping bar 2

3 Cast upper body 3

4 Operating wrench 4

5 Isolating plate 5

6 3-way valve 6

7 Forged lower body 7

8 Upstream clamp sleeve 8

9 Pressure taps 9

10 Orifice plate support 10

11 Orifice plate 11

12 Down steam flange 12

13 Drain 13
13
 DOUBLE CHAMBER

3.2 Benefits

The most recognised benefits of Piping Technologies Lall Storm double chamber are the
following :
• Light weight and compact design
•The body is fully forged and machined. This construction avoids leakage between the
pressure taps that may arise with casted products.
•No maintenance needed.
•Perfect sealing between the lower chamber and the upper chamber.

DOUBLE CHAMBER
3.3 Detailed description
3.3.1 design
The double chamber orifice carriers have been designed according to ASME VIII code and Finite
Element Analysis. Allowable stresses are generally based on particular project specification such
as B31.8. Great care has been brought forward into the deformation of the sealing surface in
term to warranty a perfect sealing during operation. All these design analyses have been carried
out taking into consideration the pressure load end effect. PIPING TECHNOLOGIES /
LALLSTORM can also, for particular projects, take into consideration for the design bending
moments and radial efforts.
Orifice calculations are also offered as standard. The orifice calculation can be carried out
according to AGA3/API MPM14.3 or ISO 5167. The results of the calculation give also the value
of the deformation of the orifice that should be below 1%.

3.3.2 Rigid and compact body design

The body is manufactured from a
rectangular section forged ring where the
centre hole is eccentric to the outer
diameter. Thus, the main thickness of the
body is placed on the upper section
offering an efficient reinforcement on the
top opening. For large dimensions the
forged version is almost 2 times narrower
than a cast version. The lower part of the
upper body has been also largely
reinforced to get a strong rigidity.

14
 DOUBLE CHAMBER

3.3.3 Orifice support design according to the

latest AGA3 / API mpm14.3 standard

Large investments have been carried out during the last past years to offer high performances
into the design of the orifice support. The unique ‘DOUBLESEAL’ orifice support offers high
tightness efficiency. The specially shaped gaskets are fully vulcanised into the orifice support :
The first gasket acts between the body and the support
The second gasket acts between the support and the orifice

DOUBLE CHAMBER
Orifice plate

Protrusion S

“Double Seal” gaskets S S

Orifice plate support

Orifice carrier body

The differential pressure produced by the flow through the orifice plate increases the sealing
pressure and then the tightness. Due to the specially shaped gasket, the seating pressure is
low.Thus, dismantling the orifice support becomes very easy.
The unique ‘DOUBLESEAL’ orifice support offers very small protrusion recesses that are
smaller than the latest requirements of the AGA3/API MPM 14.3 standards. The gap between
the orifice support and the body is below 3mm instead of 6.35mm maxi required by the
standard system.

15
 DOUBLE CHAMBER

3.3.4 Upper chamber

Large engineering experience has been input

into the design of the upper chamber. The upper
chamber is manufactured from single cast
piece. The lower part has been reinforced to
ridgify the opening. The isolating plate is located Slidding bar
into the lower side. The sealing contact surface
is 316 or inconel 625 overlayed. On the upper
side is located the sealing bar and the upper Bleed valve
chamber bleed valve.

DOUBLE CHAMBER
For large dimension, over 18’’, 2 slidding bars
are installed to contact completely the orifice
plate.

Reinforcement

Isolating Plate

Upper body
Isolating plate shaft

Rotating isolating plate

Orifice plate support

Lower body

“Double Seal” gaskets

Orifice plate

The isolating plate permits to isolate the lower chamber to the upper
chamber. The sealing is provided with an “O ring” protected to the
extrusion
16
 DOUBLE CHAMBER

3.3.5 Orifice plate dismantling

The aim of the double chamber orifice carrier is to offer the possibility to change the orifice
plate during operation. For that purpose the changing procedure of the orifice plate is as follow
:

1) Pressurize the upper body by acting the 3-way valve

2) Open the rotating insulation plate
3) Through the wrench move upward the orifice support

DOUBLE CHAMBER
4) Close the rotating insulation plate
5) Depressurise the upper body by acting the 3-way valve
6) Remove the clamping bar

5 4

1
2 3

17
 DOUBLE CHAMBER

3.3.6 Metallurgy
PIPING TECHNOLOGIES / LALLSTORM double chamber orifice carriers are generally
manufactured in large size (over 12’’) for gas transport projects and in small size for high-pressure
production project. The most common metallurgy used for pipe is X60/X65. In order to integrate the
double chamber orifice carrier in the most economical way in this pipe line, PIPING
TECHNOLOGIES / LALLSTORM offers the body in forged version with A694 F60/F65 grade
according to project specification.
For very large sizes, over 30’’ test coupon for mechanical properties can even been taken directly
from the forging. Mechanical properties can be in this case fully warranted.
Non destructive examinations are carried out either according to code or according to project
specification.

DOUBLE CHAMBER
Pressure tests are carried out as a standard practice. For butt weld version, it is welded at both side
of the orifice carrier a flanged sleeve for the installation of a clamped blind. For flanged neck version
is generally welded or machined at one end a flanged sleeve for the installation of clamped blind. In
all cases, the hydraulic pressure tests are carried out in a such way the orifice carrier faces the
pressure thrust load.

This document gives a summary of the material of the standard version and the alternatives.
Generally the products are manufactured according to the project requirements; nevertheless, this
information permits to select more economical solutions.

STANDARD SOLUTION ALTERNATIVE

Forged body Forged A694 F60/F65 According to job specification

Clamp ring Forged A694 F60/F65 Ditto

Down stream flange Forged A694 F60/F65 Ditto

Upper body cast A216 WCC Ditto

Rotating insulating plate A516 Grd 60

plate

“T” shape clamping plate A516 Grd 60

bar

Orifice support Carbon steel nickel coated AISI 304/316

Orifice plate SS steel AISI 304/316

Gaskets on orifice NBR (leap seal moulded in BS2494 grd G • VITON (leap seal moulded in
plate holder one piece) one piece)
• Explosive Decompression
Resistant Fluocarbon

Gasket between NBR (lip seal moulded in • VITON (lip seal moulded in one
body and cover one piece) piece)
• Explosive Decompression
Resistant Fluocarbon

Bolting B7/2H A193/A194 A320/L7-194/Grd4

18
Documents

The standard document package includes:

• Data sheet
• Calculation note
• Material certificates type 3.1B for under pressure parts NDT certificates

As option we can supply :

• Quality and control plan
• Project dedicated document presentation
Etc…

Non destructive examination

There are always carried out according to customer specification or
construction code. They can be as follow:
· Ultrasonic examination to ASME A388 with acceptation levels to ASME
VIII Div 2 para AM 203.2 (C) to (F) on blank forging and plate
· M.P.I on weld end preparation to ASME VII Procedure ASME V Article 7
with acceptance levels on ASME VIII Div 1
• Die Penetrant examination

3.3.7 Quality assurance

Quality assurance will be in accordance with our own company manual. The procedure
set out in our manual have been vetted and audited and PIPING TECHNOLOGIES has
been awarded a Certificate of Compliance for meeting the requirement of ISO 9001.

19
 METER RUN

4. METER RUN
4.1 Introduction

ISO 5167 and API MPM 14.3 demands specific requirements on the upstream and down
stream pipe on both side of the orifice carrier. Therefore, in term to offer a complete package
with the carrier Piping Technologies / Lall Storm can offer the complete meter run. The
requirements of the ISO 5167 and API MPM 14.13 standards cover :
• upstream and downstream lengths
•Upstream inside diameter tolerances
•Upstream inside diameter roughness

A meter run consists in : Temperature transmitter

Downstream flange
traps

Orifice carrier

METER RUN
Upstream pipe
Upstream flange

Downstream pipe

FLOW
DIRECTION

Alternatives can be supplied for :

• end connections for the upstream and the downstream pipe
• connection for the orifice carrier
•Connections for instrumentation
20
 METER RUN

4.2 Upstream and downstream lengths

ISO 5167 and AGA3 gives strict instructions for the required upstream and downstream
lengths. They depend upon the configuration of the meter run installation (valve or elbow
upstream or downstream). Please refer to API MPM 14.3 part 2 Chapter 2.6.3 for more
information.

These lengths depend of :

•The number of elbow and wether there are in the same plane or not,
•The type of valve located upstream
• the beta ratio
• the installation of a straightening valve
Upstream length has to be completely agreed before manufacturing.

4.3 Upstream inside pipe diameter, roughness and alignment

These are also crucial parameters to

METER RUN
achieve. Pipes are carefully selected from
Groupe Genoyer stock or machined or
grinded. Pipes are welded inline with the
orifice carrier by highly skilled welders
according to strict internal procedures. All
internal welds are carefully grinded to
match standard tolerances. After
manufacturing, a report is created to give Down stream flange machined with centring
the exact geometry of the meter tube. This face and ‘O’ ring sealing in order to match pipe
report is produced according ISO 5167 or alignment.
AGA3 API MPM14.3.

21
 METER RUN

As information the pipe inside diameter tolerances required by ISO 5167 and API standards for
the upstream pipe are much smaller than the requirement of pipe standards.

The following table gives the comparaison :

Pipe OD Pipe thick Pipe ID ISO 5167 API MPM

tolerance tolerance tolerance tolerance
API 5L API 5L (approx)
Pipe OD ≤ ± 1% 10% ± 1.4% ± 0.2% ± 0.3%
16’’
Pipe OD ≥ ± 0.75 % 10% ± 1.3% ± 0.25% ± 0.3%
18’’

4.4 Construction

METER RUN
Meter run are fabricated according to the site / project specification such as :
• pipe material grade
• forging material grade
• welding specification
•Painting specification
• QA requirements
•Construction code, B31.4, B31.8

Synergy with all the stocks of flanges, pipes and fittings manufacturing plants permits Piping
Technologies / Lall Storm to offer in strict compliance to the specifications with competitive prices.

22
 METER RUN

4.5. Orientation
These meter runs can be or unidirectional or bi-directional.

4.5.1. Unidirectional meter run

It consists in :

1. Upstream flange
2. Upstream pipe
3. Orifice carrier
4. Downstream flange
pair
5. Downstream pipe
6. Down stream flange FLOW
DIRECTIO
N

METER RUN
4.5.2 Bi-directional meter run
For storage application, it is necessary to measure the flow in both directions. For that
purpose, PIPING TECHNOLOGIES has developed a bi-directional meter run. It consists in a
single or double chamber orifice carrier equipped at each side with a calibrated pipe
2

3
1. Up stream flange
2. Upstream pipe
4. Upstream flange pair 4
4
7
7. Intermediate pipes
3. Orifice carrier 2
7
1 FLOW
DIRECTI
ONS

23
 METER RUN

4.6 Quality assurance

Quality assurance will be in accordance with our own company manual. The procedures set
out in our manual have been vetted and audited. PIPING TECHNOLOGIES has been awarded
with a Certificate of Compliance for meeting the requirement of ISO 9001.

Standard document package is at least based on project/site specifications:

Material certificate for under pressure parts

Calculation notes for under pressure parts
PQR+WPS
NDE report on welding and forging if required
Pressure resistance test report
Tightness test 6 bar report
Orifice plate tightness test at 125 mbar report
Orifice carrier functioning test report
Dimensional report for meter run and orifice plate

METER RUN
Orifice plate calculation note
Pressure transmitter calibration report
Computer configuration report

24
 INSTRUMENTATION AND
FLOW COMPUTER

3. FLOW COMPUTER - CALCULATION

In order to propose a complete responsibility on the flow measurement, especially for commercial
purpose, PIPING TECHNOLOGIES / LALL STORM can offer a complete package including the
computerised flow calculation. PIPING TECHNOLOGIES / LALL STORM has been awarded with
a Certificate of Compliance for the manufacturing of commercial meter run from the French
Ministry of the Industry based on the ISO 5167.

INSTRUMENTATION & FLOW COMPUTER

The typical arrangement for the organisation of a computerised flow calculation is as follow:
ORIFICE PLATE

FLOW

Differential
pressure

Absolute
pressure

Temperature

Chromatograph

FLOW
COMPUTER
Flow calculation
Local indication
Configuration

Serial link to supervision system

The flow computer calculates the flow according to AGA 3 and AGA 8 or to ISO 5167 as follow :

Flow mass = Cd . E . Y1 . d2 . √ Dp. ρ

Value term Calculated with

Cd Discharge coefficient Geometry / temperature/ Dp / gas / absolute pressure

E Approach velocity Geometry / temperature

(In ISO 5167 E=√1-β 4)

Y1 Expansion factor D / absolute pressure / gas / Dp

(In ISO 5167 Y1 ≡ ε)

ρ Density Temperature / absolute pressure / chromatograph

analysis

d Orifice plate diameter

D Meter run inside diameter
β d/D
Dp Differential pressure 25
 INSTRUMENTATION AND
FLOW COMPUTER

FLOW COMPUTER - CALCULATION

The accuracy is given by ISO 5167 and API MPM 14.3. The formulation can be divided in
three terms :

INSTRUMENTATION & FLOW COMPUTER

(δqm / qm )2 = (δCd / C d)2 + (δY / Y) 2 Flow term

+ [ 2 / (1-β4) ]2.(δd / d)2 + [ -2β4 / (1-β4) ] 2.(δD / D)2 Dimension term

+ ¼.(δρ / ρ)2 + ¼.(δ∆P / P) 2 Instrumentation term

The most significant term is the flow term. The value of dCd / Cd and dY / Y are given in detail
by the API MPM fig. 1-4 and fig. 1-5. They depend upon the Reynolds, β. Experience and new
pressure transmitter technology shows and accuracy below 0.75% (excluding the mass
accuracy can be achieved) with a rangeability of 1:14

5.1 Instrumentation

Transmitter have to be selected with great care. PIPING TECHNOLOGIES / LALL STORM
selects them from the most wellknown supplier or from the approved suppliers.

• Relative pressure transmitter

•High accuracy
•High stability
•4-20 mA, Hurt output
•416 L under pressure parts
•Copper aluminium casing
•Intrinsic safety EEx ia IIC T5
•They can be supplied with a 2 valve manifold

• Differential pressure transmitter

•High accuracy
•High stability
•4-20 mA, Hurt out put
•416 L under pressure parts
26
•Copper aluminium casing
•Intrinsic safety EEx ia IIC T5
 INSTRUMENTATION AND
FLOW COMPUTER

•Temperature transmitter
•High accuracy
•High stability

INSTRUMENTATION & FLOW COMPUTER

•4-20 mA, Hurt out put
•416 L under pressure parts
•Copper aluminium casing
•Intrinsic safety EEx ia IIC T5
•They can be supplied with a 3 or 4 wires PT 100 sensor. The bored pocket can
be calculated according to ASME code.

27
 REFERENCE LIST

ORIFICE FITTING & METER TUBE

YEAR CUSTOMER FINAL TYPE DIMENSION/RATING
DESTINATION

2002 SNGPL Pakistan SAS/MR 16’’ 600

20’’ 600
SONATRACH Algeria VSE/MR 2’’ API 5 000 fully forged F52
90pces

Gaz de France France VSE/MR 20’’ 600”

VSE 20’’600& 900
16’’600 & 900
2001 SONATRACH Algéria SAS 4’’1/16 API 10 000 F52 44’ pces
NIGC/SOFREGAZ Iran SAS 40’’ 600
36’’ 600
& flow computer
2000 DESCON/OMV Pakistan VSE/MR 14’’ 900 lbs Duplex
12’’ 600 lbs Duplex
Gaz de France France VSE/MR 20’’ 600 lbs
TOTAL DEEP VSE 9’’ API 10 000
JUSEPIN
Project-
Venezuela
Cofrablack France VSE/MR 16’’ 150 lbs
1999 Gaz de France France VSE 36’’ 600lbs
‘’ 30’’ 600 lbs
‘’ 24’’ 600 lbs
‘’ 20’’ 600 lbs
Gaz de France France SAS/MR 20’’ 600 lbs
VSE/MR

1998
Gaz de France
Gaz de France
France
France
VSE/MR
VSE
12’’ 600 lbs
20’’ 600 lbs
REFERENCE LIST
Gaz de France France VSE 24’’ 600 lbs
1997 Gaz de France France VSE 24’’ 600 lbs
‘’ 20’’ 600 lbs
‘’ 30’’ 600 lbs
Gaz de France France VSE 8’’ 600 lbs
Gaz de France France VSE 20’’ 600 lbs
Gaz de France France VSE 24’’ 600 lbs
Liaoning China SAS 12’’ 600lbs
VSE 10’’ 600 lbs
‘’ 6’’ 600 lbs
GSO France VSE 24’’ 600 lbs
1996 Bristol Meci VSE 24’’ NP10
‘’ 20’’ NP10
Gaz de France France VSE 24’’ 600 lbs + 16’’ 600 lbs
Gaz de France France VSE 24’’ 600 lbs
‘’ 20’’ 600 lbs
‘’ 16’’ 600 lbs
FCT Poland VSE 12’’ 600 lbs 28
ISO CERTIFICATE

ISO CERTIFICATE

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