BUKIDNON STATE UNIVERSITY

Malaybalay City, Bukidnon 8700

Tel (088) 813-5661 to 5663; Telefax (088) 813-2717, www.buksu.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Division Malaybalay City
School BukSU – Secondary School Grade Level Grade 8 – Joy
Laboratory
Teacher Trisha Camille O. Llones Learning Area Science 8
Time & Date April 11, 2023 (Tuesday) Quarter 4th
7: 30am—8: 30am
Secondary School Laboratory

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
Standard 1. How cells divide to produce new cells; and
2. meiosis as one of the processes producing genetic variations
of the Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance.
A. Performance
Standards
B. Learning At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
Competency 1. Compare mitosis and meiosis, and their role in the cell
division cycle; and (S8LT-IVd-16)
2. Explain the significance of meiosis in maintaining the
chromosome number. (S8LT-IVe-17)
C. Integration of English, Genetics
Content Within
and Across
Curriculum
II. CONTENT
A. Topic Chapter 13: Cell Division
Lesson 2: The Cell Cycle and Introduction to Mendelian Genetics
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Flexible Learning Plan in Science 8 4th Quarter
Guide Breaking Through Science 8 (Second Edition) by: Baguio et al.
Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCS)

2. Learner’s Lesson 2: The Cell Cycle and Introduction to Mendelian Genetics

Material (pages 511-520)
Pages
B. Other References https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/cell-
communication-and-cell-cycle/cell-cycle/a/phases-of-mitosis
IV. PROCEDURE Teacher’s Activities Learner’s Activities
A. ELICIT Preliminaries:
 Classroom management  Follow the “by table”
 Prayer system of prayer. The
 Checking of Attendance prayer leader will be
 Class Rules from table four.
 The class beadle will
give the list of
Quick Review! absentees.
What is the difference between
Ground shaking and Ground rupture?

Where is Liquefaction most likely to

occur?

Presentation of Objectives

B. ENGAGE Activity 1:

C. EXPLORE Activity 2: Face the Phases

D. EXPLAIN Lesson 2:
The Cell Cycle and Introduction to
 Mendelian Genetics

Cell Cycle
– An essential aspect of life.
– It enables a multicellular organism
to grow and reach adult size. It
makes possible the replacement of
worn-out or damaged cells, and
keeps the total number of cells in
an adult organism relatively
constant.

– Consists of a preparatory phase

(interphase, mitosis, division of
cytoplasm)

Interphase
– The longest phase in the cell
cycle for most cells.
– referred to as preparatory
stage.

– The interphase consists of

subphases:
 The first subphases is designated
as G1 phase

– The period before DNA synthesis

begins.
– Characterized by an increase in the
supply of proteins, in the number
of cellular organelles (particularly
of mitochondria and ribosomes),
 and in the size of the cell.
 After the cell has grown to its
mature size in G1, the next
subphase is called the S
(synthetic) phase
– The cell makes a copy of the DNA
in its nucleus in a process called
replication.
– The DNA is a nucleic acid found
in the chromatin inside the
nucleus. It holds all the
information for the cell to carry
out its functions.
– DNA replication is very important
since each daughter cell must have
a complete set of DNA to survive.
– At the end of the S phase, the cell
contains two identical sets of DNA
to be distributed to each daughter
cell.

 Once the cell has replicated its

DNA, the third phase called G2
begins.
– It spans from the completion of
DNA synthesis to the start of
actual cell division.
The cell produces structures that it
will use to divide.
– At the end of G2, the cell is ready
to divide.

Mitosis
– The division of the nucleus
into two identical nuclei. It is
usually followed by the division of
the cell.
– The term mitosis is often used
synonymously with cell division.

Cytokinesis
– The division of the cytoplasm
into two identical daughter cells.
– The combination of mitosis
and cytokinesis makes up the
mitotic phase (M phase) of the
 cell cycle.

Mitosis is divided into four phases:

1. Prophase: Formation of the

Mitotic Spindle

– In early prophase, the cell starts to

break down some structures and
build others up, setting the stage
for division of the chromosomes.
– The chromosomes start to
condense (making them easier to
pull apart later on).
– The mitotic spindle which is
composed of microtubules begins
to form at the centrioles, which is
at the same time begin to move
away from each other, toward
opposite sides of the cell (called
the spindle poles)
– In late prophase (sometimes also
called prometaphase), the nuclear
envelope breaks into fragments.
– With the nuclear envelope gone,
some of the microtubules
emerging from the centrioles reach
the highly condensed
 chromosomes and attach to the
protein structure called
kinetochore at the centromere
region.

2. Metaphase: Alignment of
Chromosomes

– The chromatids begin moving

towards the center of the cell and
align midway between the spindle
poles or along the spindle equator.
– The spindle microtubules attached
to the individual kinetochores pull
the sister chromatids toward the
center of the cell, with each
centromere equidistant from the
pole of the cell.

3. Anaphase: Movement of the

Daughter Chromosomes

– The shortest among the four

phases of mitosis.
– The centromere of each
chromosome divides and the two
sister chromatids detach from each
other.
– As this happens, the spindle
microtubules shorten, pulling the
 detached sister chromatids toward
their respective poles.
– Each sister chromatid is now
considered a full-fledged
chromosome, called daughter
chromosome.
– Anaphase ends when all the
daughter chromosomes have
moved to their respective poles.
Each pole has a complete set of
chromosomes.

Telophase: Formation of Two

Daughter Nuclei

– Begins as soon as the daughter

chromosomes reach the opposite
end of the poles.
– This stage is characterized by the
formation of a nuclear envelope
around each set of the
chromosomes.
– The chromosomes uncoil, and
once again appear threadlike under
the microscope.
– Nucleoli reappear.
– At the end of telophase, the mitotic
spindles disappear and the equal
division of one nucleus into two
identical daughter nuclei is
completed.

Summary:
 1) Cell Cycle - makes possible
the replacement of worn-out or
damaged cells, and keeps the
total number of cells in an
adult organism relatively
constant.
2) Interphase - referred to as
preparatory stage
3) Subphases of Interphase –
G1, S phase, G2
4) Mitosis - the division of the
nucleus into two identical
nuclei.
5) Cytokinesis - the division of
the cytoplasm into two
identical daughter cells.
6) Four phases of Mitosis –
Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, Telophase.
7) Prophase - formation of the
Mitotic Spindle.
8) Metaphase – alignment of
Chromosomes.
9) Anaphase – movement of the
daughter chromosomes.
10) Telophase – Formation of two
daughter nuclei.

ELABORATE Additional Information:

– In the laboratory, you can

observe the different stages of
 mitosis. The root tip of plants
has region containing actively
dividing cells.
– This is the meristematic
region.
– Cells are produced from the
tip, just above the root cap, and
subsequently become a part of
the upper region as the root
grows downward.

E. EVALUATE Activity 3: Match it up!

Answers:
Instruction: Match Column A with its
corresponding definition in column B. 1. f
Raise your hand if you want to 2. d
answer. 3. c
4. h
A. 5. e
6. b
1. Cytokinesis 7. i
2. G1 8. g
3. Interphase 9. j
4. Anaphase 10. a
5. Telophase
6. Mitosis
7. Prophase
8. Cell cycle
9. S phase
 10. G2

B.

a. It ensures that everything is

ready for cell division.
b. Division of the nucleus into
two identical nuclei.
c. The longest phase in the cell
cycle for most cells.
d. The cell doubles in size and
produces all the structures
needed to carry out its
functions.
e. Characterized by the formation
of two daughter nuclei.
f. Division of the Cytoplasm.
g. Series of stages in the life of a
cell.
h. The shortest phase of mitosis.
i. Formation of the Mitotic
Spindle.
j. The cell makes a copy of the
DNA.
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners
who require
additional
activities for
remediation.
B. Did the remedial
lessons work?
No. of learners
who have caught
up with the
lesson.
C. No. of learners
who continue to
require
remediation.
D. Which of
teaching
strategies worked
well? Why did it
work?
E. What difficulties
did I encounter
which my school
administrator/sup
ervisor can help
me solve?