REPORT ON AI HOME

INTRODUCTION:
Artificial Intelligence is a combination of two words Artificial and Intelligence, which refers to man-
made intelligence. Therefore, when machines are equipped with man-made intelligence to perform
intelligent tasks similar to humans, it is known as Artificial Intelligence. It is all about developing
intelligent machines that can simulate the human brain and work & behave like human beings. We
can define Al as, “Artificial Intelligence is a branch of computer science that deals with developing
intelligent machines which can behave like human, think like human, and has ability to take decisions
by their own. "With Al, machines can have human-based skills such as learning, reasoning, and
solving logical Al is one of the fastest-growing technology that is making human life much easier by
providing solutions for complex problems. It has also brought different opportunities for everyone,
and hence it is a very demanding technology in the market.

HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:

 Artificial intelligence is assumed a new technology, but in reality, it is not new. The
researchers in the field of Al are much older. It is said that the concept of intelligent machines
was found in Greek Mythology. Below are some keystones in the development of Al:
 In the year 1943, Warren McCulloch and Walter pits proposed a model of Artificial neurons.

 In the year 1950, Alan Turing published a "Computer Machinery and Intelligence" paper in
which he introduced a test, known as a Turing Test. This test is used to determine intelligence
in machines by checking if the machine is capable of thinking or not.
 In the year 1956, for the first time, the term Artificial Intelligence was coined by the
American Computer scientist John McCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference. John McCarthy is
also known as the Father of Al.
 In the year 1972, the first full-scale intelligent humanoid robot, WABOT1, was created in
Japan.
 In the year 1980, Al came with the evolution of Expert Systems. These systems are computer
programs, which are designed to solve complex problems.
 In the year 1997, IBM Deep Blue beat world chess champion Gary Kasparov and became the
first computer to defeat a world chess champion.
 In the year 2006, Al came into the business world. World's top companies like
 Facebook, Twitter, and Netflix also started using AI in their applications.
ADVANTAGES:
 One of the biggest achievements of Artificial Intelligence is that it can reduce human

 Al can be very helpful in risky situations where humans can't reach or find difficul survival.
Such as exploring the deepest part of the sea.
 With Al, 24*7 support can be provided to the customers using chatbots as
customer care.

 Repetitive actions can be boring for human beings, but with Al-enabled machines. they can
be performed with full efficiency.
 It is very helpful in daily activities, such as Google Assistant Alexa, and other virtual
assistant technology are helping to make our life easier.

DISADVANTAGES:
1. The development and maintenance of Al systems are very expensive.

2. The dependencies of human beings on such technologies making humans laz…

3. There is always a fear with Al that if it gets advanced, it may be harmful to humanity.

4. If inputs are not fed correctly to Al systems, then it may cause harmful results.

5.

TYPES OF AI:
ON THE BASIS OF CAPABILITY:
1. Narrow AI or Weak AI:
Narrow AI or Weak AI is a basic kind of Artificial Intelligence, which is capable of completing
dedicated tasks with intelligence, the current version of AI is narrow AI.

Narrow AI can only perform the specific task and not beyond its limitation, as they are trained for one
task only. It is programmed to do a specific task such as Play Chess, Checking weather,etc.

2. General AI:
Artificial General intelligence or "Strong" Al defines the machines that can show human intelligence.
We can say, Machines with AGI can successfully perform any intellectual task that a human can do.
This is the sort of Al that we see in movies like "Her" or other sci-fi movies in which humans interact
with machines and operating systems that are conscious, sentiment, and driven by emotion and self
awareness
Currently, this type of intelligence does not exist in the real world and only exist in researches and
movies. However, researchers across the world are working to develop such machines, which is still a
very difficult task

3. Super Al:
Super Al refers to Al that is self-aware, with cognitive abilities that surpass that of humans. It is a
level where machines are capable of doing any task that a human can do with cognitive properties.
However, Super Al is still a hypothetical concept, and it is a challenging task to develop such Al-
enabled machines.

ON THE BASIS OF FUNCTIONALITY:

1. Reactive Machines:
Reactive machines are the basic types of Al, which don't store memories or past experiences for their
actions. These types of Al machines only focus on current scenarios and work as per the requirement
with the best possible actions. IBM's Deep Blue is an example of a reactive machine

2. Limited Memorial
Limited memory can store some memory or past experiences for a limited time period. Some
examples of limited memory are Self-driving cars.

3. Theory of Mind:
Theory of Mind is the type of Al which are capable of understanding human emotions, and interact
with the human in their way. However, such Al machines are yet not developed, and developers and
researchers are making efforts for creating such Al-enabled machines.

4. Sell-Awareness:
Self-awareness Al is the future of Artificial Intelligence, which will have its own awareness,
sentiments, and consciousness. This Al is only a hypothetical concept and will take a long journey and
challenges to create such AI

APPLICATIONS OF AI:
1. Game Playing:
Al is widely used in Gaming. Different strategic games such as Chess, where the machine needs to
think logically, and video games to provide real-time experiences use Artificial Intelligence.

2. Robotics:
Artificial Intelligence is commonly used in the field of Robotics to develop intelligent robots. AI
implemented robots use real-time updates to sense any obstacle in their path and can change the path
instantly. Al robots can be used for carrying goods in hospitals and industries and can also be used for
other different purposes
3. Healthcare:
In the healthcare sector, Al has diverse uses. In this field, AI can be used to detect diseases and cancer
cells. It also helps in finding new drugs with the use of historical data and medical intelligence.

4. Computer Vision:
Computer vision enables the computer system to understand and derive meaningful information from
digital images, video, and other visual input with the help of AI.

5. Agriculture:
Al is now widely used in Agriculture; for example, with the help of AI, we can easily identify defects
and nutrient absences in the soil. To identify these defects, Al robots can be utilized. AI bots can also
be used in crop harvesting at a higher speed than human workers.

6. E-commerce:
AI is one of the widely used and demanding technologies in the E-commerce industry. With Al, e-
commerce businesses are gaining more profit and grow in business by recommending products as per
the user requirement.

7. Social Media:
Different social media websites such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc., use Al to make the user
experiences much better by providing different features. For example, Twitter uses AI to recommend
tweets as per the user interest and search history.

PREREQUISITES FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:

1. As a beginner, below are some of the prerequisites that will help to get started with Al
technology
2. Strong knowledge of Mathematics mainly, Calculus, Linear Algebra, Statistics and

3. A good experience in programming languages like Java, Python, R.

4. A strong understanding of algorithms

5. Good background in data analytics skills

CHALLENGES WITH AI:

One of the big challenges with AT is that we don't have enough data to work with Al systems, or data
we have is of poor quality or unstructured. Al depends on data for its working and requires a huge
amount of data for a good result, but in the real world, data is available either raw for or unstructured
form that contains lots of impunities and missing values that cannot be processed or analyzed. Hence
the processing of such data is a big task for organizations. And it takes lots of effort and is a time-
consuming process
 INSUFFICIENT IT INFRASTRUCTURE:
There is still a lack of IT infrastructures, mainly in start-up, which is a big issue on AI researches and
development

LACK OF AI TALENT:
Al is growing continuously day by day with rapid speed, and more people are accepting the proven
ideas of Al. The growing rate of Al also needs developers of Al tech. However, the professionals with
full scales skills to develop high-level Al implementations are still lacking, which is also one of the
big challenges with Al.

COMPUTING POWER:
Computing power has always been a big issue in the IT industry, but day by day, this issue has been
resolved. However, with the development of Al, this issue has arisen again. Deep learning and the
processing of neural networks, which are part of Al, require a high level of computing power, and are
a major challenge for the tech industries. Mainly for start-ups, collecting money and such high
computing power to process the data is a big deal.

LEGAL ISSUES:
One of the latest challenges with Al is that now organizations need to be wary of Al. The legal issues
are raised for concern that if Al collects sensitive data, that may be a violation of federal laws.

Although it is not illegal, industries need to be careful of any supposed impact that might negatively
affect their organization.

CONCLUSION:
Artificial Intelligence is undoubtedly a trending and emerging technology. It is growing very fast day
by day, and it is enabling machines to mimic the human brain. Due to its high performance and as it is
making human life easier, it is becoming a highly demanded technology among industries. However,
there are also some challenges and problems with Al. Many people around the world are still thinking
of it as a risky technology, because they feel that if it overtakes humans, it will be dangerous for
humanity, as shown in various sci-fi movies. However, the day-to-day development of Al is making it
a comfortable technology, and people are connecting with it more. Therefore, we can conclude that it is
a great technology, but each technique must be used in a limited way in order to be used effectively,
without any harm