CONTENTS

Page. No

CHAPTER -I Introduction 1 -7

CHAPTER -II “A Room of One’s Own” By

Virginia Woolf 8-12

CHAPTER -III “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”

By Maya Angelou 13-17

CHAPTER -IV Differences between European feminism

And African feminism 18-21

CHAPTER -V Conclusion 22-23

Work Cited 24
CHAPTER -I

Introduction
 1

CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION

Feminism is a group of ideas and actions that work towards making sure men and women are

treated the same in society. It believes that sometimes men are treated better than women.

Feminism tries to change this by challenging ideas about what men and women should be like,

and by making sure women have the same chances as men to do well in school, work and

relationships. Feminist movements have worked and are still working to make sure that women

have the same rights as men. These rights include the right to vote, work, get an education, and

own property. Feminists have also tried to make sure that women are protected from things like

rape, sexual harassment, and violence in their homes. They have also worked to make sure that

women can control their own bodies and have access to things like birth control and safe

abortions. Feminists have also challenged the idea that women should only do certain things or

dress a certain way. Many people believe that feminist movements have helped women achieve

important rights, especially in the Western world. Feminists are credited with making sure

women can vote, use language that doesn't favor men, have control over their own bodies, and

own property. Feminists have also argued that men can be hurt by traditional ideas about gender

and that they should be included in the movement.

Feminist theory is the study of how gender inequality affects women's lives, and feminist

thinkers have developed ideas about gender in many different fields. Over the years, many

different feminist movements and ideas have developed. Some feminists wanted equal rights

within the current political system -like getting the right to vote, while others wanted to change

the whole system itself. In the past, two main feminist movements were the liberal feminists who

wanted legal equality and the socialist feminists who wanted to change the class structure of

society. In the 1960s, a new kind of feminism emerged, called radical feminism. This group

wanted to completely change the way society worked so that men wouldn't be in charge.

Nowadays, we often refer to these three kinds of feminism as the "Big Three" schools of thought.

In the late 1900s, new kinds of feminism started to appear. However, some of these new forms

only focused on the experiences of white, middle-class, educated, straight women. People

started to criticize these types of feminism, saying they were not inclusive enough. As a result,

other types of feminism emerged that focused on specific ethnic groups or multiple perspectives,

like black feminism and intersectional feminism. Some people have also said that feminism can

sometimes lead to negative attitudes towards men, and some criticize radical feminism for not

being helpful to anyone.

In the late 1960s, a women's liberation movement started in Europe. It continued through the

1970s and sometimes into the early 1980s. Women were influenced by what was happening in

North America and the increasing number of women in the workforce. The movement became

stronger in Britain and Scandinavian countries. Liberationists wanted to improve working

conditions and get equal pay. They also wanted women to have complete control over their

bodies, including the right to make their own choices about contraception and abortion.

Additionally, they fought for more independence in sexuality. On May 29, 1975, women

gathered in front of the Hague to demand equal pay. This event was related to the women's

liberation movement. The groups formed during this movement rejected hierarchical structures

and preferred to operate by consensus among members. They did not believe that leaders had any

special expertise. Instead, they thought that taking direct action, such as informing the public

about women's issues, was more effective than trying to change laws. The movement's goal was

to change society's view of women and their roles in it. In Europe, the people in the women's

liberation movement were more connected with socialist movements than people in other

countries. Women in the movement thought that it was more important to deal with patriarchy

than to focus on class-based struggles. They did not like political systems that ignored women or

put their problems on the side. Since the groups did not have a centralized organization, they

addressed many different issues. However, most members agreed that women needed better

access to education, jobs, and child care. The movement brought up issues that people used to

think were private matters, like household chores, lesbianism, objectification of women, and

sexual violence. Some people criticized the movement and accused them of hating men. Almost

all Western European countries had movements for freedom. However, Greece, Portugal, and

Spain were slow to start because they had just come out of a dictatorship. In the 1970s and

1980s, many of these groups ended because liberal reformers and governments made

compromises. Some groups started working on specific issues instead.

‘Feminism is a wide range of political movements, ideologies and social movements that share a

common goal to define, establish and achieve political, economic, personal and social equality of

sexes. The underline premise of feminism is to seek women’s equality and justice in every

sphere of life and create opportunities for women to have the same access to the resources that

are otherwise freely available to men. The term ‘feminism’ has been derived from the Latin word

‘femina’, meaning ‘woman’ and was first used with regard to the issues of equality and women’s

Rights Movement. The Oxford English Dictionary defines “feminism” as a state of being

feminine or womanly. The webseter’s Dictionary defines the term ‘feminism’ as the principle

that women should have political rights equal to those of men.

The fundamental belief behind feminist theory is that from that beginning of human civilization,

women have been given a secondary status by masculine dominated social discourse and western

philosophical tradition. The history of every civilization shows that women have always been

subordinated to a Position where they have no means to re-claim their unique identity unless and

until they re-visit the history, explore it and finally re-establish it through their own experiences

and insights. These beliefs have produced dominant system by creating female subjects who are

conditioned to accept the values of the system.

The history of modern western feminist movement may therefore, be devided into three waves. It

was Maggie Humm who divides the emergence and the growth of the modern western feminist

movements in to three “waves”. All the three feminist movement started in the nineteenth and

early twentieth century. During this period women campaigned for suffragette movements and
raised their voice for equal right to vote and equal access to the parliament. Mary

Wollstonecraft's book, A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) can be said to be the

precursor for such suffragette movements. The second wave feminist movement began in 1960s

and was associated with the diverse thinkers who compaigned for equal legal and social rights

for women. In this period many landmark works appeared in the literary field, making the

powerful advocacy for women's liberation from masculine coded language and system. · The

major works of second wave feminism include but are not limited to - Simone de Beauvoir's

book, The Second Sex (1949), Elaine Showalter , The Literature of their own (1977), Kate Millett

Sexual Politics (1969), Ellen Moers, Literary Women (1976), Mary Ellmann, Thinking About

Women (1968). The third wave feminist movement was a continuation and reaction to the

perceived failures of second wave feminism. This movement began in 1990s and extended into

postcolonial feminism, eco feminism and gender studies. The feminist thinkers associated with

his movement advocated social justice for women.

African feminism is a movement that wants women in Africa to have the same rights as men.

This movement started because women in Africa have been treated unfairly in many ways.

African feminists want to change this and give women more power in society.

African feminism is different because it recognizes that women have other things that make them

unique, like their race and social class. This means they want to help all African women, not just
some of them. They also think it is important for African women to be in control of their own

lives.

African feminists use many different ways to help women, like talking to people, teaching, and

working together. Overall, African feminism is important because it is trying to make things

better for women in Africa, and make sure they have the same rights as men.

African feminism is a diverse and evolving movement that seeks to address the intersectional

experiences of African women within the continent and throughout the diaspora. African

feminism centers the experiences of Black women and aims to challenge patriarchal, colonial,

and neo-colonial systems of oppression that disproportionately impact women.

One of the principles of African feminism is the recognition of the various forms of oppression,

including racism, sexism, and classism . This recognition leads African feminists to approach

issues through an intersectional lens, acknowledging that the experiences of African women are

shaped by their race, class, gender, and other identities.

African feminists challenge patriarchal norms and practices that are deeply embedded in African

societies. They seek to transform cultural attitudes that perpetuate gender-based violence,

unequal distribution of resources, and restrict women's access to education, healthcare, and other

social services.
It also challenges colonial legacies that continue to impact the continent. This includes

challenging Western notions of feminism that may not account for the unique experiences of

African women. It also includes advocating for the decolonization of African institutions and

knowledge systems, and the recognition and celebration of African women's contributions to

history and culture.

This feminism encompasses a range of perspectives and strategies. Some African feminists

prioritize political activism and organizing, while others focus on academic research and writing.

Many African feminists also prioritize community-based approaches that involve working

directly with women in their local contexts. African feminism has also been influenced by the

struggles for African independence. African feminists draw on these histories of resistance and

liberation to inform their activism and advocacy.

Despite the gains made by African feminism, many challenges remain. Women in Africa

continue to face significant barriers to political representation, economic empowerment, and

access to education and healthcare. African feminists continue to work to address these issues

and create a more just and equitable society for all.

 CHAPTER -II

“A Room of One’s Own” By Virginia Woolf

 8

CHAPTER -II

“A ROOM OF ONE’S OWN” BY VIRGINIA WOOLF

Sir Leslie Stephen was fifty years old when his second daughter, Virginia, was born on 25

January, 1882. He had been married before, to a daughter of Thackeray, and after her death

remarried a widow with three children. He care for that family now in the midpoint of rearing

one of his own. Sir Leslie was a famous literary critic. Virginia, over fifty herself, wrote in her

journal that her father lived she would never have produced either her novels or the many

volumes of essays. Encouraged by her father, Woolf began writing professionally in 1900. After

her father’s death in 1904, the Stephen family moved from Kensington to the more bohemian

Bloomsbury, where, in conjunction with the brothers’ intellectual friends, they formed the
artistic and literary Bloomsbury Group. In 1912, she married Leonard Woolf, and in 1917, the

couple founded the Hogarth Press, which published much of her work. They rented a home in

Sussex and moved there permanently in 1940. Throughout her life, Woolf was troubled by

mental illness. She was committed several times and attempted suicide at least twice. In 1941, at

age 59, Woolf died by drowning herself in the River Ouse at Lewes.

Women have been trying to achieve independence over the centuries. But the things have

changed in modern era. Now the women have become more aware about their freedom and

identity. Virginia Woolf’s famous essay A Room of One’s Own follows the same tradition. A

Room of One’s Own is actually two lectures given by Virginia Woolf in October, 1928 at two

women’s constituent Colleges of Cambridge University. She later enlarged these two lectures

and published them together as a full length essay in September, 1929. It is generally believed

that women are considered unequal to men, and that is the reason they have created less

important piece of literature than that of men. In order to clear her point, Virginia Woolf presents

the example of Judith, a fictional sister of Shakespeare.

A Room of One’s Own is actually two lectures given by Virginia Woolf in October, 1928 at two

women’s constituent Colleges of Cambridge University. She later enlarged these two lectures

and published them together as a full length essay in September, 1929. In the present essay,

Woolf talks on women writers and their literature, but she further developed it into the issue of

women inequality, especially as it restricts women to create new works. She played crucial role
for the development of the feminist movement. Actually feminism is a literary theory which

suggests that a woman should have the same social and economic rights as that of a man. The

present essay can be read as a manifesto of feminist movement.

The first argument presented in A Room of One’s Own is that women are not treated equal to

men in the society, and this is the main reason they writes less important piece of writing than

that of men. In support of this argument, Virginia Woolf presents the example of Judith, a

fictional sister of Shakespeare. The essay shows that the society always does partiality to women

in comparison to men. Judith was always underestimated and treated as second sex. Her literary

works were given less importance than that of Shakespeare. Woolf showed that in the

Shakespearean age, an equal talented girl as Shakespeare could never achieved success. She was

10

not able to prove her talent due to being a woman. Woolf wants to state that if she were given the

same liberty as Shakespeare she could produce better literature than Shakespeare.

Virginia Woolf states that, in literature, a number of famous characters have been women. Even

in Shakespeare’s plays, women play an important and crucial role. But in real life, women are

given the status as being the second sex, the first being men to dominate them. Women have not

allowed to educate themselves and have historically been denied the personal rights and leisure

time that are the precondition of creative writing.

According to Virginia Woolf, to make her identity, a woman needs a personal room in which she

can spend as much time as she wants without any question. This will enable her to produce good
literature without any interruption. When Woolf wrote this essay, the women could not enjoy this

freedom and due to this reason their art suffered a lot.

In this essay her main focus is women and fiction and specifically the problems faced on any

woman who would become an artist. The primary reason is the psychological conditions created

by a society dominated by men. The other significant factor is that Woolf does not touch on in

this essay is time. The weight of child rearing, housework and domesticity still falls heavily on

women. There has been some movement with men being involved in that area but the movement

is very slow.

Woolf says that for many years, women have faced unfair treatment, such as not being allowed

to go to school or work, which has made it difficult for them to be creative. She gives an

example of a talented sister of William Shakespeare who never got a chance to develop her talent

because of her gender. Woolf praises the women who have been able to overcome these

11

challenges and become successful writers. She also says that great thinkers are those who have

both masculine and feminine qualities. Woolf believes that in order to be creative, people need to

have the freedom to pursue their interests without worrying about money. She encourages

everyone to write, not just fiction but also poetry, criticism, and academic writing. Her essay is

well-written and shows off her ability to describe things in a beautiful way, just like in her

novels.

In her essay she also tells a story about a woman like herself who is trying to figure out how to

write about women in fiction. This woman goes to a college where she sees how different it is

for men and women to get an education. Then she goes to the library and sees that all the books
about women are written by men and are full of anger. She tries to learn about women’s lives in

history but there is not much information. So she creates a character named Judith Shakespeare

to show how hard it was for smart women in the past. The woman then talks about how women

writers in the 1800s did a good job despite the difficulties they faced. She also talks about how

important it is for writers to learn from the past. At the end of the essay, Woolf encourages

women to continue writing and to support their daughters who may also want to be writers.

The way society Is set up is not good for women or men. Women are not allowed to do what

they want, and this is not fair. It also causes problems between men and women, making them

feel like enemies. Women are upset because men have more power and can stop them from

doing things like writing. Men are upset because women are starting to want more power too.

We should try to have a world where men and women can live together peacefully and be happy

with who they are. But the way things are now is not good for anyone because it makes it hard

for men and women to get along.

12

Above all, it concluded that the feminist movement today carries a variety of goals, both moral

as well as political. We have a number of feminist thinkers and writers throughout the political

range who argued for equality between male and female. Virginia Woolf, in her essay presented

all issues related to women. Her purpose was to reform women's condition as well as the

patriarchal society at the time of her writing. Most of the critics praised Woolf for her values and

morality that she used in her essays.

 CHAPTER -III

“I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” By Maya Angelou

13

CHAPTER-III

“I KNOW WHY THE CAGED BIRD SINGS” BY

MAYA ANGELOU
Maya Angelou’s original name was Marguerite Annie Johnson. She was born on April 4, 1928 in

St. Louis and died on May 28, 2014. Maya Angelou was an American writer, poet, and someone

who fought for civil rights. She wrote seven books about her own life, three books of essays, and

many poems. She also worked on plays, movies, and TV shows for more than 50 years. Maya

Angelou got many awards and more than 50 degrees from different schools. She is most famous

for her series of seven books that tell the story of her childhood and when she was a young adult.

The first book is called "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" and it made her well-known all

over the world. It talks about her life until she was 17 years old. She also wrote subsequent

volumes of autobiography include Gather Together in My Name (1947), Merry Like Christmas

(1976), The Heart of a Woman (1981), All God’s Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986), and

many others.

“I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” is a powerful autobiography written by Maya Angelou that

explores her childhood experiences of racism, trauma, and resilience. Although the book was

published in 1969.The book highlights the pervasive and institutionalized racism that existed in

14

the United States during Angelou’s childhood, and this issue still persists today. We can see

examples of this in ongoing racial disparities in healthcare, education, and the criminal justice

system.

Angelou’s story also highlights the trauma that can result from experiences of racism and

violence, but it also showcases the resilience and strength that can emerge from such
experiences. This is a message that can inspire people who have experienced trauma to persevere

and find hope.

This story also emphasizes the importance of self-love and empowerment, as she overcomes the

challenges in her life by finding her own voice and embracing her identity. This message is

relevant today, as individuals continue to struggle with issues of self-esteem and identity in a

world that often seeks to marginalize and erase their experiences . Angelou’s love for literature

and the power of education to transform lives is also a central theme in the book. This message is

still important today, as access to education and literacy remains a critical factor in achieving

social mobility and addressing systemic inequalities.

Angelou’s book provides a detailed account of the experiences of Black Americans in the mid-

20th century. By sharing her own story, Angelou sheds light on the challenges faced by Black

people in America, including racism, poverty, and discrimination. The book is also an

empowering work for women. Angelou’s story shows the resilience and strength of women in

15

the face of adversity. She demonstrates how women can overcome challenges and succeed, even

when the odds are against them. It’s confronts the issue of prejudice and discrimination head-on.

Through Angelou’s own experiences, the book shows how damaging and hurtful prejudice can

be. By telling her story, Angelou helps to raise awareness of the issue and promotes tolerance

and understanding.
Angelou’s book also celebrates the rich culture and traditions of African Americans. Through

her descriptions of family life, music, and other aspects of African American culture, she helps to

promote an appreciation and understanding of this important part of American society.

The book aims to inspire readers to pursue their dreams and overcome obstacles. Angelou’s story

shows how resilience and determination can help individuals to achieve their goals, even in the

face of tremendous adversity.

Maya Angelou wrote a book about her life called “Caged Bird”. Her friend James Baldwin and

her editor Robert Loomis challenged her to write it in a way that was both true and like a good

story. Some people call the book “autobiographical fiction” because Angelou uses writing

techniques usually found in made-up stories. But most people think of it as an autobiography,

which means a book about someone’s own life.

In the book, Angelou writes about things that are important to her, like being a black woman, her

family, and her struggle to be free and respected. She also writes about difficult topics like rape,

16

racism, and not being able to read or write. Maya, the main character in the book, is like a

symbol for all black girls growing up in America. One of the main ideas in the book is that

racism is a big problem that needs to be talked about and fought against. Maya finds comfort in

books and learning, even when she is going through tough times. This was a very popular book
and won many awards. People liked it because it was a new kind of book that showed what it

was like to be a black woman in America. But some people didn’t like the book because it talks

about difficult things like rape and racism.

In her poems “I know why the caged Bird sings” the poet mentions a bird that is trapped in a

small cage. The bird feels angry and frustrated because it cannot fly or see beyond the cage's

bars. When we're restricted, we may also feel unsure and unhappy about life. A caged bird can't

use its wings because they are clipped, and its feet are tied. The bird can only sing because that's

the only thing it can do. This reminds us of the poet's life, where she faced many challenges but

kept writing poems.

The poet also talks about the free bird and compares it to a caged bird that can only sing quietly

because it's troubled. The caged bird doesn't know much about the outside world because it's

trapped, so it wants to experience things it can’t. Even though the caged bird can't go anywhere,

its song can be heard far away, even in distant hills. This means that the poet's message of

freedom through her poetry has spread to faraway places.

17

In the poem Angelou also described that the caged bird is afraid of its own shadow because it

reminds him of his lost dreams. This is similar to the unimaginable suffering that the poet and
her people experienced. She feels like a caged bird with clipped wings and tied feet who can only

express herself through singing, just like the caged bird’s song.

Maya Angelou is one of the most famous black writer who could support herself by her writing.

She is glorified for her ability to say what important was to millions of black people especially

black woman. She is famous for her description of black people Life. She uses her works to

praise voice concern about race and woman. She often writes poems and books about racial

issues and feminism perspective.

 CHAPTER -IV

Differences between European feminism and African

feminism

18

CHAPTER -IV
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EUROPEAN FEMINISM

AND AFRICAN FEMINISM

The women's liberation movement in Europe was a radical feminist movement that started in the

late 1960s and continued through the 1970s and in some cases into the early 1980s. Inspired by

developments in North America and triggered by the growing presence of women in the labour

market, the movement soon gained power in Britain and the Scandinavian countries. In addition

to improvements in working conditions and equal pay, liberationists fought for complete

autonomy for women's bodies including their right to make their own decisions regarding

contraception and abortion, and more independence in sexuality.

Women's liberation movement groups which formed typically rejected hierarchical structure and

operated on the basis of membership agreement, rejecting the idea that leadership conferred any

expert status, and instead was simply another experience. They believed direct actions, which

informed the public on the issues women faced, were more productive in changing thoughts than

reforming laws. Their aims were to redecorate society by changing the perception of women and

their roles in society.

19
Though European liberationists were more parallel with socialist movements than liberationists

in the groups which formed elsewhere, women in the Women’s Liberation Movement typically

viewed class-based struggle as secondary to addressing patriarchy. Liberationists were opposed

to any political system which ignored women entirely or relegated their issues to the sidelines.

Bringing issues to the public, which up to the time had been considered private matters, such as

division of household labor, lesbianism, objectification of women, and sexual violence, was

controversial and met with response from the media and public who labeled liberationists as

man-haters.

Virginia Woolf was a social feminist, in that she saw women, not as identical to men , but as

offering a different perspective as a result of their different social makeup, it seems that Woolf is

discouraging writing based on injustice rather than writing based on gender difference. Women’s

exclusion from education, employment, as well as the pressure on them to become angels in the

house, caring for their husband and children, necessarily gives them a different outlook to men.

On the other hand African feminism is different from other feminist movements because it

recognizes that unequal power relations can be based on not just gender, but also race, class, and

national origin. It is inspired by the struggles of African people against historical processes of

domination and exploitation like slavery, colonization, racism, and globalization. The global

economy has negative effects on African societies and African feminism aims to empower

women through economic, political, and legal participation, peace building, education, and

healthcare. African feminists believe that Western feminism is too focused on individualistic
 20

concerns and not enough on social and humanistic transformation. They see it as being more

about gender equality in jobs and power, and less about addressing issues like globalization and

social divisions.

Black feminism is a type of feminism that focuses on the struggles faced by black women. It

believes that racism, class oppression, and sexism are all connected. Black women face a double

disadvantage as they can be discriminated against because of their race and their gender. This

makes it harder for them to succeed in a society where white men hole power. Black feminism is

different from other types of feminism because it takes into account the intersection of race,

gender, and class. It is particularly popular in the United States because of the country's history

of racism. A narrative is a way of telling a story, either in writing, through speech, or using

pictures. It can be a true story, a made-up story, or a mixture of both. There are different types of

narratives like fiction, non-fiction, or based on historical events. Narratives can also make the

reader feel like they are part of the story. Storytelling has always been an important part of

African-American culture. The poetics of black feminist narrative is about how the experiences

of black women affect the way they write and how people read and understand their writing. In

America, people talk about equality and freedom for everyone, but in reality, there is still

discrimination based on gender, race, nationality, sexual orientation, and ethnicity. Black people

have faced discrimination in America since they were brought over as slaves in the 1600s. They

were forced to work for white people and were treated as inferior because of their skin color.

Although slavery was officially abolished, discrimination against black people still exists,
 21

especially for black women who often have lower quality of life and lower salaries than black

men.

Maya Angelou was a famous African-American who wrote books, poems, and plays. She was

also an activist, educator, actress, and filmmaker. Her writing often talked about the unfair

treatment of black people in America, especially in terms of racism and gender discrimination.

She used a feminist approach to express the struggles of black women and the dominance of

men. Many of her poems talked about the importance of individuality and the need for equality.

As a colored woman Maya Angelou raises her voice and says that soon, black people will be

free. In the poem, ‘Phenomenal Woman’, Maya Angelou describes a standard of beauty that

beauty is not having beautiful face and slim smart body and thin lip. She says that a black

woman can be phenomenal woman through her confidence and good personality and proud

herself being black woman.

CHAPTER -V

CONCLUSION
 22

CHAPTER -V

CONCLUSION

Feminism is a belief that men and women should have equal treatment in politics, economics,

and society. However, different feminist movements have different opinions on how to achieve

this equality. Although most feminists support the idea of equality between men and women,

some feminists don't see it as the ultimate goal of the feminist movement. They believe that it's

still feminist to improve the rights of women, even if they don't achieve full equality. They think

that any progress is better than none. On the other hand, a small group of feminists believe that

women should establish at least one society and some institutions led by women.

It's important that women have the same rights as men all around the world. This doesn't just

help women, it helps everyone. When women have equal rights, the whole world can move

forward and everyone can do their part. If women didn't have rights, they couldn't even vote!

Having rights is especially important for women who are treated unfairly because of their

gender. Having rights means women can go to school and get jobs to make money. This helps
them be independent, which is important for all women. So, we need to make sure women's

rights are respected everywhere.

Women can be very strong in making peace, safety, and money. When they join in decisions

about peace and other important things, they can help make things better for people's rights,

23

fairness, and making more money. They can also bring people together and help those who are

not usually included. Helping women to lead is important for safety and making the country

better.

Things are getting better in some places where boys and girls are becoming more equal, but in

other places, girls and women are still being treated badly. We need to make our laws stronger to

stop this unfairness. Gender equality is one of the serious issues in our current modern society, it

refers to equality of responsibilities, rights and opportunities for women and men.

The motive of feminism is to bring out equality among all the genders and to not keep apart

people based on their genders. Even after the strong impact of feminism in the modern world, the

movement still has not reached every individual. Inequality and exploitation of women still

prevails despite the various feminist movements in the world. The children and youth must be

taught about the significance of feminism and why it must be practiced. For a better future that

supports equality and inclusion of all genders, we must all support feminism.
To sum it up, only when women and girls get full access to their rights will they be able to enjoy

a life of freedom. It includes everything from equal pay to land ownerships rights and more.

Further, a country can only transform when its women get an equal say in everything and are

treated equally.

24

Bibliography –

Angelou, Maya. Letters to my Daughter , Random House Publishing Group, 2008.

Angelou, Maya. Gather Together in My Name , Random House Publishing Group,1974.

Angelou, Maya. And Still I Rise , Virago,1986.

Angelou, Maya. The Heart of a Woman , Hachett UK , 2010.

Angelou, Maya. All God’s Children Need Traveling Shoes , Vintage Books,1987.

Angelou, Maya. Phenomenal Women, Random House Publishing Group, 2000.

Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex , Random House, 2014.

Ellmann, Mary. Thinking About Women , Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968.

Millette, Kate. Sexual Politics , Ballantine Books, 1980.

Moers, Ellen. Literary Women , Doubleday , 1976.

Showlter , Elaine. A Literature Of Their Own: From Charlotte Bronte to Doris Leasing , Virago,

2009.

Woolf , Virginia. “A Room of One’s Own”, Broadview press, 2001.

Woolstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Penguin Books, 1992.