CAMERO, LIZA MARIEL A 4BSAIS-1 MIS

1. Transaction Processing
 Designed to process routine transactions efficiently and accurately. Managers often use
these systems to deal with such tasks as payroll, customer billing and payments to
suppliers. A transaction is a business event that generates or modifies data stored in an
information system. Transaction Processing System collects and stores data about
transactions and sometimes controls decisions made as part of a transaction. It focuses
on record keeping and control of repetitive clerical processes.
 Design of a TPS is based on: execution details of the transactions; data content and
format; and rules and policies to be enforced.
 TPSs are capable of: enforcing rules and work procedures; detecting errors, such as
missing data, invalid data, and inconsistent data; and automating certain decision-
making functions. 
 Batch Processing: Information on individual transactions is collected and stored. Based
on a schedule or number accumulated the transactions are processed later to update
the database. Examples are processing of checks and other paper forms, generation of
paychecks, and weekend deposits into ATMs.
 Real-time Processing: Each transaction is processed immediately. An advantage is
immediate error correction. Examples are airline reservation systems and bursar/bank
systems. Characterized by quick response and high availability

2. Short Term Planning

 Short term planning generally constitutes a specific time frame in which a specific series
of operations will be carried out, assessed, and measured.
 The standard short-range plan will represent annual or semiannual operations with a
short-term deliverable. These short-term plans cover the specifics of each day-to-day
operation.
 Short-term planning in business generally focuses on a three-to-six-month time frame,
especially in reference to revenue and profitability. Short-term objectives are geared
towards short-term needs such as improving cash flow or launching a new product.

3. MIS in Public Sector Organizations (PSOs)

 Public Management Information Systems are usually defined as information systems
used in public management by organizations belonging to the public sector. Public MIS
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are information systems available for public use. Public MIS are analyzed from several
perspectives as regards users and usages, data contents, and technical, organizational,
and legal aspects.
 Management Information Systems help public sector managers be more effective as it
affords them the ability to quickly access essential data which is then used to make well
informed and accurate decisions

4. Centralized Vs. Decentralized PISs

 CENTRALIZED PIS
 A centralized PISs means that each member has one primary record, with
primary contact information. Thus, when there is a change required (like a new
phone number or email address), there is only one place to look to make these
changes.
 All users are connected to a central server that stores complete network data and
user information. Decisions are taken at the most senior or central level.
 A centralized approach to information systems provides an organizational focus
for learning and for control. This is likely to produce higher quality information
systems and can also reduce costs by: · avoiding the decentralization problems
of non-functioning or malfunctioning systems, avoiding the decentralization
problems of inadequate security, maintenance and documentation, and by
allowing technology purchases and system developments that are not
organizational priorities to be blocked.
 DECENTRALIZED PIS
 decisions are taken at some level lower than the most senior; typically, by
individual work units within the organization or even by individual staff.
 Decentralization refers to a specific form of organizational structure where the top
management delegates decision-making responsibilities and daily operations to
middle and lower subordinates. The top management can thus concentrate on
making major decisions with greater time abundance. Businesses often feel the
requirement of decentralization to continue efficiency in their operation.
 Decentralization in management can be understood as the orderly assignment of
authority, throughout the levels of management, in an organization. It describes
the way in which power to take decisions is allocated among various levels in the
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organizational hierarchy. In other words, it refers to the dissemination of powers,

functions and responsibility, away from the central location.

LINK SOURCES:

https://www.slideserve.com/katen/transaction-processing-system-tps

https://hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/gdi/publications/workingpapers/igov/igov_wp07.pdf

https://effectivedatabase.com/why-should-you-have-a-centralized-system/#:~:text=A%20centralized
%20database%20means%20that,look%20to%20make%20these%20changes.