EOD

Elements of design are the fundamental parts/unit to create a thing. It

includes:
• Line
• color
• Shape/silhouette
• Form
• Texture

Line:
• In general, a line is a continuous path or mark that has length and
direction. It can be straight or curved.
• In art and design, lines are used to create shape, form, and texture.
Different types of lines can create different effects, such as thick or
thin, bold or subtle, and straight or curved.
Types of line:
1. Vertical Line:
A vertical line is a line that is perpendicular to the ground or horizontal
plane.
Vertical lines are commonly used to create a sense of height

2. Horizontal line:
A horizontal line is a line that runs parallel to the ground.
Horizontal lines are often used to create a sense of, stability, and rest.

3. Diagonal line:
A diagonal line is made out of a straight line that's set at an angle
instead of straight up or across.
Diagonal lines are often used to create movement, direction, and energy
in a design.
 4. Curved line:
A curved line is a line that changes direction gradually, creating a curve
or an arc.
Curved lines can also be used to create a sense of rhythm and
movement in a design, as well as to guide the viewer's eye through a
composition.

5. Zigzag lines: Lines that alternate between sharp angles and short
straight sections, creating a zigzag pattern. These lines can create a
sense of instability or chaos.

6. Dotted lines: Lines made up of a series of dots. These lines can be used
to create a sense of playfulness or whimsy.

7. Broken lines: Lines that are intentionally interrupted or broken. These

lines can create a sense of movement or dynamism.

Function of line:
Some common functions of lines are:
1. Directional:
One of the functions of a line can be as a directional element, meaning
that it can guide the viewer's eye through a composition or design.
Directional lines are used to create movement and flow, leading the
viewer's gaze to specific areas of the composition or design.

2. Divider:
Another function of a line can be as a divider, meaning that it can
separate or differentiate different areas or elements within a
composition or design.
In fashion, divider lines can be used to separate different areas of a
garment, such as the waistline, neckline, or sleeves.
 3. Psychological effects:

a) Lines can have psychological effects on the viewer, depending on

their shape, direction, and context. Here are some common
psychological effects of different types of lines:
b) Straight lines are often associated with order, stability, and
rationality. They can create a sense of structure and balance,
c) Curved lines are often associated with softness, fluidity, and
movement. They can create a sense of flow and rhythm in a
composition.
d) Diagonals lines are often associated with dynamism, movement,
and energy. They can convey a sense of action, direction, and
urgency.
4. Optical Illusion:
a) Lines creates the optical illusion by deceiving the eye by appearing to
be other than it is.
b) Vertical – taller, thinner
c) Horizontal – wider, bolder
d) Diagonal - hides the nature of body

Shapes:
In general, a shape is a two-dimensional area or plane that is defined by a
boundary or outline. Shapes can be simple or complex, and they can have
various sizes, colors, and textures.
Types:
Draw pictures………..
Silhouette:
o A silhouette is an outline of a figure, object, or scene that is filled
in with a solid color, usually black.
o Silhouettes can be used in various contexts, such as art, design,
photography, and fashion. They can convey different moods,
emotions, and messages, depending on their style, color, and
composition.

Types of Silhouettes:
Some common types of garment silhouettes:
• Sheath silhouette
• Shift silhouette
• A line silhouette
• Hour glass silhouette
• Bell silhouette
• Trumpet silhouette/mermaid/fish-tail
• Wedge silhouette
• Asymmetrical silhouette
• Empire silhouette

Sheath Silhouette:
• The sheath silhouette is a classic and timeless style of dress that is
characterized by a straight and narrow shape that skims the body from
top to bottom.
• Sheath dresses are typically sleeveless, with a high neckline and a
hemline that falls at or below the knee.
• One of the advantages of the sheath silhouette is its versatility. It can be
worn by women of all ages and body types, and can be customized to
suit different preferences and styles.
Shift silhouette:
• This silhouette is similar to the sheath, but with a looser and more
relaxed fit.
• Shift dresses are often used for casual or summer attire.

A line silhouette:
• The A-line silhouette is a classic and versatile style of dress that is
characterized by a fitted bodice that gradually flares out from the waist
to create an A-shaped skirt.
• A-line dresses are typically sleeveless or have a cap sleeve, with a
hemline that falls at or below the knee.

Hour glass silhouette:

• This silhouette is characterized by a fitted waistline.
• This silhouette emphasizes the curves of the feminine figure.
• this silhouette can be obtained with the help of waistbands, belts, darts.

Bell silhouette:
• All Gown or Bell-Shaped dress is generally fitted till waist and
gradually widens towards hemline forming a shape like bell-shaped
skirt.
• This style is flattering on almost any body type, but is especially
flattering for petite women, or those with small waists.
Trumpet silhouette:
• This silhouette is also called Mermaid silhouette.
• This silhouette hugs the body up to knee level and then forms the shape
like bell shaped skirt.
• It is used to accentuate the curve and best suits most shapes.
 Wedge silhouette:
• This uses a padding or fullness, to enhance the visual width of the
bodice at the shoulder.
• This gives the figure a masculine width at the shoulder and tend to
make the hip area look narrower by comparison and usually the
bottom is slim in contrast to the shoulders.
• This silhouette also makes a person seam taller.

Asymmetrical silhouette:
• The silhouette is cut in diagonal direction and generally has a diagonal
hemline.
• Asymmetrical dress is made for every body type.

Empire silhouette:
• The silhouette with raised waistline.
• It is fitted top garment and flares under the chest.
• It is fitted top garment and flares under the chest.

Form:
It is an object having three dimensions like length, width and depth. The
human form changes visually with clothing, especially as fashion changes.
Draw types of form………….
Color and schemes:

Color:
Color is the pigment that becomes visible to eyes with the contact of light.
With the responses of different wavelength of light, different color becomes
visible.
Characteristics of color: Hue, shade, tint, tone, saturation etc.

Classification of color:
1. Primary colors:
• In traditional color theory, the primary colors are the colors that
cannot be created by mixing other colors. This means that all
other colors are derived from these three primary colors.
• The three primary colors are typically red, yellow, and blue.

2. Secondary colors:
• Secondary colors are colors that are created by mixing two
primary colors together.
• Orange is created by mixing red and yellow together.
• Green is created by mixing yellow and blue together.
• Violet is created by mixing blue and red together.

3. Tertiary colors:
• Tertiary colors are colors that are created by mixing a primary
color with a secondary color.
• There are six tertiary colors, which are yellow-green, blue-green,
blue-violet, red-violet, red-orange, and yellow-orange.
Value of color:
• The value of a color refers to how light or dark the color is.
• Understanding value is important in color theory because it can greatly
impact the mood and visual impact of a design.

Color saturation:
• Color saturation, also known as intensity, refers to the purity or
vividness of a color.
• A highly saturated color is pure and vivid, while a low saturation color
appears more muted or washed out.

Color psychology:
• Color psychology is the study of how colors affect human behavior and
emotions. Colors have been shown to have a powerful impact on our
moods, thoughts, and behaviors, and can be used in a variety of
contexts, including branding, marketing, interior design, and art.
For example:
• Red is often associated with passion, excitement, and energy, but can
also be associated with danger or aggression.
• Blue is often associated with calmness, stability, and trust, but can also
be associated with sadness or coldness.
• Green is often associated with nature, growth, and harmony, but can
also be associated with envy or inexperience.
Color scheme:
Color scheme is the combination or arrangement of colors used in design or
artwork.
Color schemes can be based on a variety of factors, including personal
preference, cultural associations, and color theory principles.

Color wheel
• Complimentary
• Analogues
• Accented analogues
• Triadic
• Rectangle
• Square
• warm & cool color
• Polychromatic

Other
• Achromatic
• Monochromatic
• Neutral
• Pastel

Complimentary colors:
• Complementary colors are colors that are opposite each other on the
color wheel.
• The primary complementary color pairs are red and green, blue and
orange, and yellow and purple. When placed together, complementary
colors create a strong visual contrast and can make each other appear
brighter and more vibrant.
Analogous colors:
• Analogous colors are colors that are next to each other on the color
wheel. This means that they share a common hue and can create a
harmonious and cohesive look when used together.
• Examples of analogous color schemes include red, orange, and yellow,
or blue, green, and yellow.
• They can create a sense of unity and balance in a design, and can be
used to create a specific mood or tone.