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Chemistry (XI+JEE-main)

p-Block Element – 01 Hints Date : 13/03/2023

1. (4) Due to the poor shielding (screening) effect of d-electrons in case of Ga, the valence electrons are
attracted more strongly and hence the size is smaller than Al.

2. (4) +1 oxidation state becomes stable along Ga+ < In+ < Tl+ while stability of + 3 oxidation state is in the
order Ga3+ > In3+ > Tl3+. On going down the group 13, due to poor shielding effect of intervening d and f-
orbitals, restricting the participation of ns-electrons of valence shell in bonding called inert pair effect.
Because of the same reason, tendency to show + 2 oxidation state increases down the group 14
elements while stability of + 4 oxidation state decreases.

3. (1) When we go down the group, the non-metallic character will decrease and the metallic character will
increase in group 13 elements. Also, the acidic character of oxides formed from group 13 elements will
decrease down the group and the basic character will increase. The reactivity of group 13 elements
towards oxygen to form the corresponding oxides increases down the group. Thus, boron trioxide
(B2O3) will be acidic in nature.
The oxides of aluminium (Al2O3) and gallium (Ga2O3) are amphoteric in nature. The elements indium
and thallium are both metals and they will form the basic oxides In2O3 and TI2O3. Hence all the
statements are correct.

4. (4) On moving from B to Al, all the ionization enthalpies decrease as expected and this decrease is due to
an increase in atomic size and shielding effect. On moving from Al to Ga, the ionization enthalpy
increases sightly, because on moving from Al to Ga, both nuclear charge and shielding effect increase
but due to poor shielding by d-electron in Ga, effective nuclear charge on valence electron increases
resulting in d-block contraction, that's why ionization enthalpies increase. On moving from Ga to ln,
again there is slight decrease in ionization enthalpies due to increased shielding effect by additional ten
4d electrons, which outweighs the effect of increased nuclear charge. On moving from ln to Tl,
ionization enthalpies show the increase again because fourteen 4f electrons shield valence poorly
(order of shieling effect s > p > d > f) and so effective nuclear charge increases, consequently ionization
enthalpies increase.

I.H O/H+  II.Mg or Na

5. (4) Na2B4O7 
2
 H3BO3   B2O3   B
Borax Orthoboric acid Borontrioxide Boron

6. (3) 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O  2NaAlO2 + 3H2

Sodium meta-aluminate

7. (1) Due to difference in size of p-orbitals B and Cl, the p-p back bonding is not stronger in BCl3 as
compared to in BF3. Thus, B in BCl3 is electron deficient; therefore, it is a stronger Lewis acid.
While in BF3, electron deficiency to B-atom is fulfilled by p-p back bonding.
BCl3 + :NH3  BCl3  NH3 3p
2p 2p 2p

F Cl
B F B Cl
F Cl
p-p back bonding in BF3

8. (3) Inorganic benzene is B3H6N3 : H

|
B
H–N N–H
H–B B–H
N
|
H
9. (4) Reducing agents are those substances which reduces other substances and it self oxidises.
In SnCl2, Sn exists in + 2 oxidation state, thus, acts as a strong reducing agent
i.e.,
SnCl2 + 2FeCl3  2FeCl2 + SnCl4
SnCl2 + 2CuCl2  2CuCl + SnCl4

10. (1) The valence shell electronic configuration of group-14 elements is ns2np2.

11. (4) Diborane possess four B−H covalent bonds and two three centred (two electrons) B−H−B or hydrogen
bridge bonds. These bonds are also known as banana bonds.
H
H H
B B
H H H

12. (4) Trend in the periodicity of given properties of group 14-elements are as follows:
rn = n2a0/Z Basic nature of oxide (IE1) Oxidation state
C
Si
Ge
Sn
Pb
Radius increases Maximum Maximum +4, +2
Thus, (1) is false Thus, (2) is false
Thus, (3) is false Thus, (4) is True
The tendency to form +2 ionic state increases on moving down the group due to inert pair effect.

13. (4) Water gas: CO, H2; Producer gas: CO, N2; Coal gas: CO, H2, CH4, CO2.

14. (3) Its low solubility in water makes it of biological and geo-chemical importance. It forms carbonic acid
with water which dissociates to give HCO3 ions. H2CO3/ HCO3 buffer system helps to maintain pHof
blood between 7.26−7.4.

15. (4) Due to the presence of d-orbitals, Si can expand their covalency to 6 whereas C and B due to absence of
d-orbitals, cannot extend their covalency beyond 4.

16. (A) As Si – O bond is ionic in nature, SiO2 has three dimensional infinite structure (solid) whereas CO2
shows simple covalent nature with C sp-hybridized giving linear structure to CO2 molecule (gas).

17. (2) RSiCl3 will give rise to cross linked silicone polymer on hydrolysis.

| |
Si Si
| |
Cl OH O O
| |
R – Si – Cl R – Si – OH R – Si –– O –– Si – R
Cl | |
OH O O
| |
Si Si
| | n

18. (4)

19. (1) when heated with forms.

2Al + N2  2AlN
Aluminium Nitroge Aluminium nitride
20. (4) Following reactions prove that all given statements are correct.
C + 4B  B4C; C + Si  SiC
2B + 3Mg  Mg3B2; 2Mg + Si  Mg2Si
2B + 3Cl2  2BCl3; Si + 2Cl2  SiCl4

21. (2) Out of six B-H bond, two bonds can be described in terms of 3 centre-2 electron bonds.
Two 3c – 2e bonds
H
H H
B B
H H
H

Four 2c –2e bonds

22. (8) Borax An important compound of boron contains the tetranuclear units, [B4O5(OH)4]2– and correct
formula; therefor, is Na2[B4O5 (OH)4].8H2O. thus, ‘x’ is 8.

23. (4) Formula of silicic acid is Si(OH)4, this shows that it has 4 hydroxyl (–OH) groups.

24. (4) Sn, Pb, Ge and Si are group-14 elements, while Ga and Tl are group 13-elements.

25. (20) Buckminster fullerene contains 20 hexagons in its structure.