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Notes Mach Des PDF Free
Notes Mach Des PDF Free
Notes Mach Des PDF Free
Machine Design II
( )
BELTS
*Flat Belt *V Belt
Flat Belt
( )
( )
Nomenclature:
F1 - tight side tension
F2 - slack side tension
Fc - centrifugal tension
f - coefficient of friction (text)
- arc of contact
b - belt width
t - belt thickness (text)
S - allowable stress on belt = 400
- efficiency of joint (text) ex:
- belt density (text)
V - belt speed
N - ⁄
g - ⁄ ⁄
( )
( )
Length of Belt
(Open Belt)
( )
[ ]
Where:
L - length of belt
D - diameter of large pulley
d - diameter of small pulley
C - centerline distance
Another method of solving for belt width develops by American Leather Belt
Association (ALBA):
( ) ( ) ( )
𝛼 870rpm
f = 0.3 leather on steel
25HP 𝐷 𝑑 f = 0.5 leather on paper
𝛼 𝐵 pulley
A
𝜃
C = 5ft
( )
For angle of contact, :
( )
( ⁄ )
[ ]
For velocity:
( ⁄ ⁄ )
⁄ ⁄
Tension Ratio
( )( )
( )( )
( )
⁄
⁄
Where:
( )
( )
* ⁄ ( ) + * ⁄+
( )( )
( )( )
⁄
{ }
⁄
For the length of belt:
( ) ( )
[ ] [ ]
A flat leather belt medium double ply 300mm wide is used to transmit the
power at 350 ⁄ . The driving and driven pulley are both 1.2m in diameter.
Centerline distance is 5m. Using the data available in your text, estimate the
capacity of the leather belt drive. Use cemented joint. What is the length of the
belt and total weight?
At page 350; MD Faires; For Medium Double Ply:
Where the driving and driven pulley are both 1.2m in diameter, therefore the
angle of contact is equal to 180 .
( )
Where:
( )
For Stress:
⁄
⁄
⁄
For density:
( ) ( ) ⁄
( )( )
For velocity:
( ⁄ )
( ( ) )
⁄
. . ⁄ / /
- Alternate
- Material conveyed
- Maximum loading rate
- Belt (width, speed, and type)
- Center to center distance
- Pulley
- Idlers
- Type of loading
Driver Driven
𝑓𝑡
3500 ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛 420rpm
1800rpm sheave
10HP blower
motor sheave motor
32in
t
12HP
III. Sheave Sizes *consult your text, standard size p. 458 table 17.3; use the
column for section B
⁄ ⁄
⁄
( )
Actual Velocity:
⁄
⁄
IV. HP/strand
[ ( ) ]
Section a c E
A 2.684 5.326 0.0136
B 4.737 13.962 0.0234
C 8.792 38.819 0.0416
D 18.788 137.7 0.0848
⁄
[ ( )
( ⁄ ) ⁄
Where:
( )
[ ]
( )
[ ]
Use B128 pitch length of 129.8in *table 17.3 p.458
Table 17.6 p.459 B128 KL = 1.08
shaft speed of 375 ⁄ . The pump which has an efficiency of 65% is driven
by 1180 ⁄ motor compensator started.
Determine:
Power in
⁄ ⁄
I. Design HP
⁄ ⁄
( )
Actual Velocity:
⁄
⁄
IV. HP/strand
[ ( ) ]
Section a C E
A 2.684 5.326 0.0136
B 4.737 13.962 0.0234
C 8.792 38.819 0.0416
D 18.788 137.7 0.0848
⁄
[ ( )
( ⁄ ) ⁄
]
For Corrected HP/Strand:
Where:
( )
[ ]
( )
[ ]
( )
[ ]
( )
[ ]
Seatwork:
An oil field pumping jack is filled with gear reduction unit delivery 30, 000 in-
lb torque at 26 ⁄ . The reduction in the gear is 40%. The gear unit is filled
with 13in pitch diameter pulley and is driven by a 1200 ⁄ motor. The
centerline distance is about 50in. Determine the V-belt drive to be used.
( )
Speed Reducer
( ) ( )
( )
I. Design HP
⁄
⁄
V. HP/strand
[ ( ) ]
Section a c e
A 2.684 5.326 0.0136
B 4.737 13.962 0.0234
C 8.792 38.819 0.0416
D 18.788 137.7 0.0848
⁄
[ ( )
( ⁄ ) ⁄
( )
[ ]
( )
[ ]
{
400mm
f = 0.3 efficiency of joint
is 80%
Medium double
ply leather belt
b = 300mm belt width
Estimate the power that
can be handled by the belt
drive
3000mm
Stress = 400 ⁄
( )
( )
Chain
Roller
Silent – inverted tooth
Block – tooth cylinder
Driver Driven
Dual Drive:
Driver
Driven Driven
Driver
idler
USEFUL EQUATIONS:
Driven Driven
⁄
[ ]
, [ ( )] -
Where:
V = velocity, ⁄
P = pitch, inch
Ns = ⁄ of small sprocket
L = length of chain in links
T = no. of teeth
D = pitch diameter
S.F. = service factor
C = centerline distance
( )
F1=___
_
F2 0
[ ]
( )
Service Factor
10 HP
1150 rpm motor
Belt drive
Compressor
⁄ ⁄
[ ] [ ]
( )
For velocity:
⁄
Length of chain:
( )
( ) ( )
For :
, [ ( )] -
⁄
{
⁄
[ ( )]
N=100rpm
Driver
11 teeth sprocket
idler
Driven Driven
Solving for :
, [ ( )] -
Where:
⁄
⁄
{
⁄
[ ( )]
}
For transmitted power:
C B
Wire Rope
6x7
6 x 19
6 x 37
Strands x Wire D, rope
Application:
1. Elevators 8 to 12
2. Hoist 3 to 5
3. Haulage
4. Derricks
5. Tramways
6. Cable Car
7. Guard Roil etc…
Elevator
Where:
Nomenclature:
Fu - ultimate load or breaking load
F.S. - factor of safety
Ft - total load
Fb - equivalent bending load
k - 12x106 ⁄ constant for steel rope
A - Cross-sectional area
dw - wire diameter
Ds - sheave or drum diameter
Wp - weight of passenger
Ws - weight of skip or cage
Wr - weight of rope (text)
Wacc - load due to acceleration
=( )
Rope C Rope C
diameter diameter
⁄ 1.09 ⁄ 1.046
⁄ 1.083 1.04
⁄ 1.076
⁄ 1.07
⁄ 1.064
⁄ 1.054
P
Where:
T5 T4 T3 T2 T1
Therefore:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
[ ]
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
D
T4 T3 T2 T1
Solution:
Where:
Q=5KN
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
BRAKES
Band Brake
Block Brake
Disk Brake
Band Brake
Useful Equation
*Tension Ratio
*Net Pull
*Power
( )
( )
Nomenclature
F1 – tight side tension St –tensile stress on band
F2 – slack side tension V – peripheral speed of brake
drum
f – coefficient of ( F1 – F2 )– net pull
friction
θ – arc of contact w – band width
Tq – brake torque t –band thickness
D – drum diameter
P –band pressure
Block Brake
FL – friction resistance on
f ‘ – equivalent coefficient of friction = f [ ]
block
FR – friction resistance on pv – design factor
block
2 θ – arc of contact p – pressure
PL – normal reaction v – rubbing velocity
(FL + FR) = Tq Aproj – projected area
FL + FR = Aproj = 2hw
D – drum diameter
Example: The band brake shown is to absorb 15kW at 1500 rpm. Estimate the
force Q required to absorb the power f = 0.3; b = 1.75m; d = 1m
θ = 270
Tension Ratio
( )( )
F1 = 4.11 F2
Tq = (F1 + F2) x
( )( )
F1 – F2 = = = 191 N
4.11F2 – F2 = 191
F2 = = 61 N
F1 = 4.11(61) = 252 N
∑m @ 0 = 0
( ) ( )
Example: For the band break shown, find Q need to absorb 18kW at 500 rpm, f =
0.3
Calculate the tensile stress on band if band width and thickness is 120 mm and 12
mm, respectively.
α = cos-1 = 41.41
θ = 360 – 41.41 – 90
θ = 228.59
( )( )
( )
∑m @ 0 = 0
F1 – F2 = Q = 195.81 Nm
( )
3.31F2 – F2 = ( )
F2 = 992.12 N St =
F1 = 3283.92 N St = x
( )
St = 2.28 MPa
Example: The 300 mm diameter brake drum is used in a band brake that absorbs
18kW at 520 rpm, f = 0.4. Estimate the force Q to operate the system. What is the
max tensile stress on the band of width and thickness are 120mm and 12mm,
respectively. What is the band pressure?
Calculate the power loss at 1500 rpm for the double block brake drum shown.
f = 0.3
angle of contact, 2 = 110
Ddrum = 200 mm
f‘=f[ ] = 0.3 [ ]
f ‘ = 0.343
F=f‘xP
lever
∑m @ B = 0
Ah = 2100 N
∑m @ A = 0
Bh = 2100 N
∑Fv = 0
0 = Bv – 350
Bv = 350
Left Block Right Block
∑m @ D = 0 ∑m @ E = 0
( ) ( )
FL = FR = = 1502 N
Spring Brake
G = 80 GPa f = 0.4
N = 300 rpm
a.) Determine the spring force on spring to absorb the torque 800 Nm at 300
rpm
b.) Calculate the shoe width based on design pv = 28000
c.) Determine the spring rate and compressed length of the spring
Spring Rate
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
∑m @ 0 = 0 ∑m @ 0 = 0
PL (200 mm) = S (450 mm) + FL (150 mm) S (450 mm) = PR (200 mm) + FR (150
mm)
(200 mm) – FL (150 mm) = S (450 mm) = (200 mm) + FR (150 mm)
LC = Lf –
V = DN = ( )( )
V = __ x = 927
FLYWHEEL
Useful Equation
[ ]
[ ]
( )
Nomenclature:
T = Torque
P = Axial Force
f = Coefficient of Friction
D = Outside Diameter
d = Inside Diameter
P = pressure
n = No. of Friction Surface
N = No. of Plate (Driver and
Driven)
New Clutch
( )* +
( )[ ]
Total Torque = RT
Old Clutch
( )[ ]
*Wear is proportional to the work of friction
( )
[ ] ( )[ ]
Cone Clutch
D = Outside Diameter
X = D/2 = d/2
X = (D-d)/2
Sin
[ ] ( )( )
( )* + ( )( )* +
Power
( )( )( )
Power = Total Torque (Original Angular Speed)
P= ( )( )
P = 3,073 N
A plate clutch has a single pair of mating surface. OD is 200mm and ID =
100mm. The coefficient of friction is taken as 0.3. What is the maximum pressure
corresponding to an actuating force at 15kN. Estimate the power that can be
handled at 1000rpm.
SPUR GEAR
A device used to transmit power between shafts that are parallel to each other
at a constant angular velocity ratio.
1. Addendum Distance
2. Dedendum Distance
3. Clearance
4. Tooth thickness
5. Space width
6. Backlash
7. Face width
8. Diametral pitch
9. Circular pitch
10. Whole depth
11. Working depth
12. Fillet radius
13. Addendum circle
14. Dedendum circle
15. Module
Where:
So - basic static sale stress
Cv - velocity factor
1 3 7 12 20
1 4 8 14 24
Buckingham Equation for Dynamic Tooth Load
( )
√
Where:
Wt - tangential load
V - velocity
F - face width
C - deformation factor
Where:
D - pitch diameter Ses - surface endurance
F - face width limit
Q - ratio factor Ses = 400(BHN) –
10000psi
- pressure angle
Ep - elasticity of
Pinion
Eg - elasticity of
Gear
[ ]
Dynamic Stress
Where:
f – margin of safety
f = 1.25 ; steady load
f = 1.35 ; pulsating load
f = 1.5 ; shock load
Pinion
Gear
V – Velocity
Da Db - Pitch Diameter
na nb – number of teeth
Dp – diametral pitch
Na Nb – rpm
CL - centerline distance
A cargo winch of a maritime vessel is driven by a 35 HP motor at 480 rpm,
through single reduction gear mechanism so that the speed of the drum is 60
rpm. Using the bur’s equation determine a) which of the gear’s has weaker teeth
b) diametral pitch c) pitch diameter d) face width proportions of tooth profile.
The number of teeth on the pinion is 22. Material for pinion SAE 1040 Si = 25,000
psi and gear material is cast steel with So = 20,000 psi.
Tq g=
Tq =
Tq = 4595 in lb
n Y SY
Pinion SAE1040 So= 25,000 22 0.404 10100
gear Cast steel So= 20,000 176 0.518 10360
npNp = ngNg
( )
ng = = = 176 teeth
Sa = SoCv = So [ ]
( )
S= = = 94 = Sa = 25000 ( ) = 8332
[ ]( )
Dp = 4.4 tentative
If SoYp < SoYg , the pinion is weaker than gear.
Addendum
Dedendum
Whole Depth
Space width
Tooth thickness
Backlash
Clearance