1.

2. Physical characteristics of water are determined by senses of touch, sight, smell, and

taste. While the chemical characteristics of water reflect the soils and rocks with which
the water has been in contact. In addition, agricultural and urban runoff and municipal
and industrial treated wastewater impact the water quality. Microbial and chemical
transformations also affect the chemical characteristics of water.
3. Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it
appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water
supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses,
including being safely returned to the environment. Water treatment
removes contaminants and undesirable components or reduces their concentration so
that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment is crucial to human
health and allows humans to benefit from both drinking and irrigation use.
4. disinfection involves the use of physical or chemical processes to reduce, remove,
inactivate, or destroy pathogenic microorganisms. procedures are crucial in controlling
the spread or transfer of microorganisms between animals, between locations, or to
people. The potential for spread or transfer of microorganisms can occur from the direct
or indirect contamination of equipment, facilities, vehicles, people and the movement of
animals or animal products.
5. Residual chlorine is the low-level amount of chlorine remaining in the water after a
certain period or contact time after its initial application. It constitutes an important
safeguard against the risk of subsequent microbial contamination after treatment.
6. Dfg
7. Dfg
8. Dfg

9. A material is considered to be waste when the producer or holder discards it, intends to
discard it. When assessing whether a material is waste or not, discarding doesn’t simply
mean throwing away or getting rid of something. Discarding also covers activities and
operations such as recycling and recovery operations, which put waste material back to
good use.
10. Dfg
11. Dfg
12. Dfg
13. Landfills are necessary for the proper disposal of solid waste. They reduce the amount of
waste that makes it into the environment, help to prevent disease transmission, and
keep communities clean.